1
|
Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Investigations of Half-Sandwich Ruthenium(II) Complexes Containing Benzimidazole Moiety. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010040. [PMID: 36615237 PMCID: PMC9821818 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Half-sandwich Ru(II) complexes belong to group of biologically active metallo-compounds with promising antimicrobial and anticancer activity. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of arene ruthenium complexes containing benzimidazole moiety, namely, [(η6-p-cymene)RuCl(bimCOO)] (1) and [(η6-p-cymene)RuCl2(bim)] (2) (where bimCOO = benzimidazole-2-carboxylate and bim = 1-H-benzimidazole). The compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, UV-vis and CV. Molecular structures of the complexes were determined by SC-XRD analysis, and the results indicated the presence of a pseudo-tetrahedral (piano stool) geometry. Interactions in the crystals of the Ru complexes using the Hirshfeld surface analysis were also examined. In addition, the biological studies of the complexes, such as antimicrobial assays (against planktonic and adherent microbes), cytotoxicity and lipophilicity, were performed. Antibacterial activity of the complexes was evaluated against S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa PAO1 and LES B58. Cytotoxic activity was tested against primary human fibroblasts and adenocarcinoma human alveolar basal epithelial cells. Obtained biological results show that the ruthenium compounds have bacteriostatic activity toward Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 strain and are not toxic to normal cells. A molecular docking study was applied as a predictive source of information about the plausibility of examined structures binding with HSA as a transporting system.
Collapse
|
2
|
Jabłońska-Wawrzycka A, Rogala P, Czerwonka G, Gałczyńska K, Drabik M, Dańczuk M. Ruthenium Complexes with 2-Pyridin-2-yl-1 H-benzimidazole as Potential Antimicrobial Agents: Correlation between Chemical Properties and Anti-Biofilm Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10113. [PMID: 34576276 PMCID: PMC8471145 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a growing public health concern that requires urgent action. Biofilm-associated resistance to antimicrobials begins at the attachment phase and increases as the biofilms maturate. Hence, interrupting the initial binding process of bacteria to surfaces is essential to effectively prevent biofilm-associated problems. Herein, we have evaluated the antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities of three ruthenium complexes in different oxidation states with 2-pyridin-2-yl-1H-benzimidazole (L1 = 2,2'-PyBIm): [(η6-p-cymene)RuIIClL1]PF6 (Ru(II) complex), mer-[RuIIICl3(CH3CN)L1]·L1·3H2O (Ru(III) complex), (H2L1)2[RuIIICl4(CH3CN)2]2[RuIVCl4(CH3CN)2]·2Cl·6H2O (Ru(III/IV) complex). The biological activity of the compounds was screened against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. The results indicated that the anti-biofilm activity of the Ru complexes at concentration of 1 mM was better than that of the ligand alone against the P. aeruginosa PAO1. It means that ligand, in combination with ruthenium ion, shows a synergistic effect. The effect of the Ru complexes on cell surface properties was determined by the contact angle and zeta potential values. The electric and physical properties of the microbial surface are useful tools for the examined aggregation phenomenon and disruption of the adhesion. Considering that intermolecular interactions are important and largely define the functions of compounds, we examined interactions in the crystals of the Ru complexes using the Hirshfeld surface analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrycja Rogala
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, 7 Uniwersytecka Str., 25-406 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz Czerwonka
- Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, 7 Uniwersytecka Str., 25-406 Kielce, Poland; (G.C.); (K.G.)
| | - Katarzyna Gałczyńska
- Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, 7 Uniwersytecka Str., 25-406 Kielce, Poland; (G.C.); (K.G.)
| | - Marcin Drabik
- Institute of Physics, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, 7 Uniwersytecka Str., 25-406 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Dańczuk
- Faculty of Environmental, Geomatic and Energy Engineering, Kielce University of Technology, 7 Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego Ave., 25-314 Kielce, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jabłońska-Wawrzycka A, Rogala P, Czerwonka G, Michałkiewicz S, Hodorowicz M, Gałczyńska K, Cieślak B, Kowalczyk P. Tuning Anti-Biofilm Activity of Manganese(II) Complexes: Linking Biological Effectiveness of Heteroaromatic Complexes of Alcohol, Aldehyde, Ketone, and Carboxylic Acid with Structural Effects and Redox Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094847. [PMID: 34063691 PMCID: PMC8124774 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The constantly growing resistance of bacteria to antibiotics and other antibacterial substances has led us to an era in which alternative antimicrobial therapies are urgently required. One promising approach is to target bacterial pathogens using metal complexes. Therefore, we investigated the possibility of utilizing series of manganese(II) complexes with heteroaromatic ligands: Alcohol, aldehyde, ketone, and carboxylic acid as inhibitors for biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. To complete the series mentioned above, Mn-dipyCO-NO3 with dipyridin-2-ylmethanone (dipyCO) was isolated, and then structurally (single-crystal X-ray analysis) and physicochemically characterized (FT-IR, TG, CV, magnetic susceptibility). The antibacterial activity of the compounds against representative Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria was also evaluated. It is worth highlighting that the results of the cytotoxicity assays performed (MTT, DHI HoloMonitorM4) indicate high cell viability of the human fibroblast (VH10) in the presence of the Mn(II) complexes. Additionally, the inhibition effect of catalase activity by the complexes was studied. This paper focused on such aspects as studying different types of intermolecular interactions in the crystals of the Mn(II) complexes as well as their possible effect on anti-biofilm activity, the structure-activity relationship of the Mn(II) complexes, and regularity between the electrochemical properties of the Mn(II) complexes and anti-biofilm activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Jabłońska-Wawrzycka
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, 7 Uniwersytecka Str., 25-406 Kielce, Poland; (P.R.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence: or
| | - Patrycja Rogala
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, 7 Uniwersytecka Str., 25-406 Kielce, Poland; (P.R.); (S.M.)
| | - Grzegorz Czerwonka
- Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, 7 Uniwersytecka Str., 25-406 Kielce, Poland; (G.C.); (K.G.)
| | - Sławomir Michałkiewicz
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, 7 Uniwersytecka Str., 25-406 Kielce, Poland; (P.R.); (S.M.)
| | - Maciej Hodorowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Gałczyńska
- Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, 7 Uniwersytecka Str., 25-406 Kielce, Poland; (G.C.); (K.G.)
| | - Beata Cieślak
- Labsoft Sp. z o.o., 469 Puławska Str., 02-844 Warszawa, Poland;
| | - Paweł Kowalczyk
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Instytucka Str., 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
O'Reilly C, Blasco S, Parekh B, Collins H, Cooke G, Gunnlaugsson T, Byrne JP. Ruthenium-centred btp glycoclusters as inhibitors for Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation. RSC Adv 2021; 11:16318-16325. [PMID: 35479152 PMCID: PMC9030604 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05107a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate-decorated clusters (glycoclusters) centred on a Ru(ii) ion were synthesised and tested for their activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation. These clusters were designed by conjugating a range of carbohydrate motifs (galactose, glucose, mannose and lactose, as well as galactose with a triethylene glycol spacer) to a btp (2,6-bis(1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)pyridine) scaffold. This scaffold, which possesses a C2 symmetry, is an excellent ligand for d-metal ions, and thus the formation of the Ru(ii)-centred glycoclusters 7 and 8Gal was achieved from 5 and 6Gal; each possessing four deprotected carbohydrates. Glycocluster 8Gal, which has a flexible spacer between the btp and galactose moieties, showed significant inhibition of P. aeruginosa bacterial biofilm formation. By contrast, glycocluster 7, which lacked the flexible linker, didn't show significant antimicrobial effects and neither does the ligand 6Gal alone. These results are proposed to arise from carbohydrate–lectin interactions with LecA, which are possible for the flexible metal-centred multivalent glycocluster. Metal-centred glycoclusters present a structurally versatile class of antimicrobial agent for P. aeruginosa, of which this is, to the best of our knowledge, the first example. Ruthenium-centred glycoclusters based on carbohydrate-functionalised bis(triazolyl)pyridine ligands show Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm inhibition, with activity that is dependent on ligand structure.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ciaran O'Reilly
- School of Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin Ireland.,School of Medicine, University College Dublin Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Salvador Blasco
- School of Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin Ireland
| | - Bina Parekh
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Helen Collins
- Department of Applied Science, Tallaght Campus, Technological University Dublin Ireland
| | - Gordon Cooke
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland.,Department of Applied Science, Tallaght Campus, Technological University Dublin Ireland
| | | | - Joseph P Byrne
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway University Road Galway Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jabłońska-Wawrzycka A, Rogala P, Czerwonka G, Michałkiewicz S, Hodorowicz M, Kowalczyk P. Ruthenium(IV) Complexes as Potential Inhibitors of Bacterial Biofilm Formation. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25214938. [PMID: 33114511 PMCID: PMC7662803 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With increasing antimicrobial resistance there is an urgent need for new strategies to control harmful biofilms. In this study, we have investigated the possibility of utilizing ruthenium(IV) complexes (H3O)2(HL1)2[RuCl6]·2Cl·2EtOH (1) and [RuCl4(CH3CN)2](L32)·H2O (2) (where L1-2-hydroxymethylbenzimadazole, L32-1,4-dihydroquinoxaline-2,3-dione) as effective inhibitors for biofilms formation. The biological activities of the compounds were explored using E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa PAO1, and P. aeruginosa LES B58. The new chloride ruthenium complexes were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, Hirshfeld surface analysis, FT-IR, UV-Vis, magnetic and electrochemical (CV, DPV) measurements, and solution conductivity. In the obtained complexes, the ruthenium(IV) ions possess an octahedral environment. The intermolecular classical and rare weak hydrogen bonds, and π···π stacking interactions significantly contribute to structure stabilization, leading to the formation of a supramolecular assembly. The microbiological tests have shown complex 1 exhibited a slightly higher anti-biofilm activity than that of compound 2. Interestingly, electrochemical studies have allowed us to determine the relationship between the oxidizing properties of complexes and their biological activity. Probably the mechanism of action of 1 and 2 is associated with generating a cellular response similar to oxidative stress in bacterial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Jabłońska-Wawrzycka
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, 7 Uniwersytecka Str., 25-406 Kielce, Poland; (P.R.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence: or
| | - Patrycja Rogala
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, 7 Uniwersytecka Str., 25-406 Kielce, Poland; (P.R.); (S.M.)
| | - Grzegorz Czerwonka
- Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, 7 Uniwersytecka Str., 25-406 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Sławomir Michałkiewicz
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, 7 Uniwersytecka Str., 25-406 Kielce, Poland; (P.R.); (S.M.)
| | - Maciej Hodorowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Paweł Kowalczyk
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Instytucka Str., 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|