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Anane J, Owusu E, Rivera G, Bandyopadhyay D. Iron-Imine Cocktail in Drug Development: A Contemporary Update. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2263. [PMID: 38396940 PMCID: PMC10888693 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Organometallic drug development is still in its early stage, but recent studies show that organometallics having iron as the central atom have the possibility of becoming good drug candidates because iron is an important micro-nutrient, and it is compatible with many biological systems, including the human body. Being an eco-friendly Lewis acid, iron can accept the lone pair of electrons from imino(sp2)-nitrogen, and the resultant iron-imine complexes with iron as a central atom have the possibility of interacting with several proteins and enzymes in humans. Iron-imine complexes have demonstrated significant potential with anticancer, bactericidal, fungicidal, and other medicinal activities in recent years. This article systematically discusses major synthetic methods and pharmacological potentials of iron-imine complexes having in vitro activity to significant clinical performance from 2016 to date. In a nutshell, this manuscript offers a simplistic view of iron complexes in medicinal inorganic chemistry: for instance, iron is presented as an "eco-friendly non-toxic" metal (as opposed to platinum) that will lead to non-toxic pharmaceuticals. The abundant literature on iron chelators shows that many iron complexes, particularly if redox-active in cells, can be quite cytotoxic, which can be beneficial for future targeted therapies. While we made every effort to include all the related papers, any omission is purely unintentional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Anane
- School of Integrative Biological and Chemical Sciences (SIBCS), University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA; (J.A.); (E.O.)
| | - Esther Owusu
- School of Integrative Biological and Chemical Sciences (SIBCS), University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA; (J.A.); (E.O.)
| | - Gildardo Rivera
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico;
| | - Debasish Bandyopadhyay
- School of Integrative Biological and Chemical Sciences (SIBCS), University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA; (J.A.); (E.O.)
- School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences (SEEMS), University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA
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Meena K, Kumar Baroliya P. Synthesis, Characterization, Antimicrobial and Antimalarial Activities of Azines Based Schiff Bases and their Pd(II) Complexes. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300158. [PMID: 37272557 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial and antimalarial activities of azines Schiff base ligands (L1 -L4 ) and their palladium (II) complexes (C1 -C4 ) of [Pd(L)(OAc)2 ] type. The azine ligands (L1 -L4 ) were prepared by condensation of carbonyl compounds with hydrazine hydrate and their complexes by the reaction of palladium acetate with L1 -L4 ligands in 1 : 1 molar ratio. The prepared ligands and their complexes were characterized by spectral characterization using 1 H &13 C-NMR, FT-IR and mass spectral studies, which revealed that the ligands coordinates via azomethine nitrogen and heteroatom or aryl carbon with palladium. Moreover, Schiff bases and their palladium (II) complexes have been screened for their antibacterial (S. aureus, B. subtillis, and S. typhi, P. aeruginosa), antifungal (C. albicans, A. niger, and A. clavatus) and antimalarial (P. falciparum) activities. The Schiff base L4 showed good results for antibacterial against S. aureus (MIC, 50 μg/mL) and antimalarial against P. falciparum (IC50 , 0.83 μg/mL). The complex C1 showed best antibacterial activity (MIC, 62.5 μg/mL) against S. typhi and the complex C4 exhibited remarkable antimalarial activity (IC50 , 0.42 μg/mL) among the tested compounds. Thus, azines based ligands and their Pd complexes can be good antimicrobial and antimalarial agents if explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Meena
- Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, 313001, India
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Synthesis, spectroscopic, quantum, thermal and kinetics, antibacterial and antifungal studies: Novel Schiff base 5-methyl-3-((5-bromosalicylidene) amino)- pyrazole and its transition metal complexes. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2023.100813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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El-Attar MS, Sadeek SA, Abd El-Hamid SM, Elshafie HS. Spectroscopic Analyses and Antimicrobial Activity of Novel Ciprofloxacin and 7-Hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin, the Plant-Based Natural Benzopyrone Derivative. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23148019. [PMID: 35887366 PMCID: PMC9316271 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23148019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Coumarin is highly distributed in nature, notably in higher plants. The biological features of coumarin include antibacterial, anticancer and antioxidant effects. It is well known that metal ions present in complexes accelerate the drug action and the efficacy of organic therapeutic agents. The main aim of the current study is the synthesis of different complexes of the interaction between ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CIP) and coumarin derivative 7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin (HMC) with Zr(IV). The chelates of CIP with Zr(IV) were prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, melting point, conductance measurements, spectroscopic techniques involving IR, UV-Vis, 1H NMR, and thermal behavior (TG-DTG) in the presence of HMC, dimethylformamide (DMF), pyridine (Py), and triethylamine (Et3N). Results of molar conductivity tests showed that the new synthesized complexes are electrolytes with a 1:1 or 1:2 electrolyte ratio, with the chloride ions functioning as counter ions. According to IR spectra, CIP acts as a neutral bidentate ligand with Zr(IV) through one carboxylato oxygen and the carbonyl group, HMC as a monodentate through the carbonyl group, and DMF through the oxygen atom of the carbonyl group and the N atom of Py and Et3N. The thermal behavior of the complexes was carefully investigated using TG and DTG techniques. TG findings signal that water molecules are found as hydrated and coordinated. The thermal decomposition mechanisms proposed for CIP, HMC, and Zr(IV) complexes are discussed and the activation energies (Ea), Gibbs free energies (∆G*), entropies (∆S*), and enthalpies (∆H*) of thermal decomposition reactions have been calculated using Coats–Redfern (CR) and Horowitz–Metzeger (HM) methods. The studied complexes were tested against some human pathogens and phytopathogens, including three Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, B. cereus, Brevibacterium otitidis) and three Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichiacoli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae), and compared to the free CIP and HMC parent compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S. El-Attar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (M.S.E.-A.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Sadeek A. Sadeek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (M.S.E.-A.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Sherif M. Abd El-Hamid
- Department of Basic Science, Higher Future Institute of Engineering and Technology, Mansoura 35511, Egypt;
| | - Hazem S. Elshafie
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0971-205522; Fax: +39-0971-205503
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El‐Attar MS, Ahmed FM, Sadeek SA, Mohammed SF, Zordok WA, El‐Shwiniy WH. Characterization, DFT and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Some New N
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Tetradentate Schiff Base Metal Complexes. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. S. El‐Attar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Zagazig University Zagazig Egypt
| | - F. M. Ahmed
- Regional Joint Laboratory, Directorate of Health Affairs, The Arab Republic of Egypt Zagazig Egypt
| | - S. A. Sadeek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Zagazig University Zagazig Egypt
| | - S. F. Mohammed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Zagazig University Zagazig Egypt
| | - W. A. Zordok
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Zagazig University Zagazig Egypt
| | - W. H. El‐Shwiniy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Zagazig University Zagazig Egypt
- Department of Chemistry College of Science, University of Bisha Bisha Saudi Arabia
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Elshafie HS, Sadeek SA, Camele I, Mohamed AA. Biochemical Characterization of New Gemifloxacin Schiff Base (GMFX-o-phdn) Metal Complexes and Evaluation of Their Antimicrobial Activity against Some Phyto- or Human Pathogens. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042110. [PMID: 35216223 PMCID: PMC8877648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Four novel ligand-metal complexes were synthesized through the reaction of Fe(III), pleaseCo(II), Zn(II), and Zr(IV) with Schiff base gemifloxacin reacted with ortho-phenylenediamine (GMFX-o-phdn) to investigate their biological activities. Elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H NMR, UV-visible, molar conductance, melting points, magnetic susceptibility, and thermal analyses have been carried out for insuring the chelation process. The antimicrobial activity was carried out against Monilinia fructicola, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium italicum, Botrytis cinerea, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and P. aeruginosa. The radical scavenging activity (RSA%) was in vitro evaluated using ABTS method. FT-IR spectra indicated that GMFX-o-phdn chelated with metal ions as a tetradentate through oxygen of carboxylate group and nitrogen of azomethine group. The data of infrared, 1H NMR, and molar conductivity indicate that GMFX–o-phdn reacted as neutral tetra dentate ligand (N2O2) with metal ions through the two oxygen atoms of the carboxylic group (oxygen containing negative charge) and two nitrogen atoms of azomethine group (each nitrogen containing a lone pair of electrons) (the absent of peak corresponding to ν(COOH) at 1715 cm−1, the shift of azomethine group peak from 1633 cm−1 to around 1570 cm−1, the signal at 11 ppm of COOH and the presence of the chloride ions outside the complex sphere). Thermal analyses (TG-DTG/DTA) exhibited that the decaying of the metal complexes exists in three steps with the final residue metal oxide. The obtained data from DTA curves reflect that the degradation processes were exothermic or endothermic. Results showed that some of the studied complexes exhibited promising antifungal activity against most of the tested fungal pathogens, whereas they showed higher antibacterial activity against E. coli and B. cereus and low activity against P. fluorescens and P. aeruginosa. In addition, GMFX-o-phdn and its metal complexes showed strong antioxidant effect. In particular, the parent ligand and Fe(III) complex showed greater antioxidant capacity at low tested concentrations than that of other metal complexes where their IC50 were 169.7 and 164.6 µg/mL, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem S. Elshafie
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy;
| | - Sadeek A. Sadeek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Ippolito Camele
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0971-205544; Fax: +39-0971-205503
| | - Amira A. Mohamed
- Department of Basic Science, Zagazig Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
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El‐Attar MS, Elshafie HS, Sadeek SA, El‐Farargy AF, El‐Desoky SI, El‐Shwiniy WH, Camele I. Biochemical Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity against Some Human or Phyto‐Pathogens of New Diazonium Heterocyclic Metal Complexes. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202100785. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S. El‐Attar
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Zagazig University Zagazig 44519 Egypt
| | - Hazem S. Elshafie
- School of Agricultural Forestry Food and Environmental Sciences University of Basilicata Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10 Potenza 85100 Italy
| | - Sadeek A. Sadeek
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Zagazig University Zagazig 44519 Egypt
| | - Ahmed F. El‐Farargy
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Zagazig University Zagazig 44519 Egypt
| | - Sameh I. El‐Desoky
- Regional Joint Laboratory Directorate of Health Affairs Zagazig 44515 Egypt
| | - Walaa H. El‐Shwiniy
- Department of Chemistry College of Science University of Bisha Bisha 61922 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ippolito Camele
- School of Agricultural Forestry Food and Environmental Sciences University of Basilicata Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10 Potenza 85100 Italy
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El-Baky NA, Amara AAAF. Recent Approaches towards Control of Fungal Diseases in Plants: An Updated Review. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7110900. [PMID: 34829188 PMCID: PMC8621679 DOI: 10.3390/jof7110900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research demonstrates that the number of virulent phytopathogenic fungi continually grows, which leads to significant economic losses worldwide. Various procedures are currently available for the rapid detection and control of phytopathogenic fungi. Since 1940, chemical and synthetic fungicides were typically used to control phytopathogenic fungi. However, the substantial increase in development of fungal resistance to these fungicides in addition to negative effects caused by synthetic fungicides on the health of animals, human beings, and the environment results in the exploration of various new approaches and green strategies of fungal control by scientists from all over the world. In this review, the development of new approaches for controlling fungal diseases in plants is discussed. We argue that an effort should be made to bring these recent technologies to the farmer level.
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