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Rathod M, Patel H, Gajjar D. Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Siderophore Production from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Vis Exp 2024. [PMID: 38557954 DOI: 10.3791/65980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is known for its production of a diverse range of virulence factors to establish infections in the host. One such mechanism is the scavenging of iron through siderophore production. P. aeruginosa produces two different siderophores: pyochelin, which has lower iron-chelating affinity, and pyoverdine, which has higher iron-chelating affinity. This report demonstrates that pyoverdine can be directly quantified from bacterial supernatants, while pyochelin needs to be extracted from supernatants before quantification. The primary method for qualitatively analyzing siderophore production is the Chrome Azurol Sulfonate (CAS) agar plate assay. In this assay, the release of CAS dye from the Fe3+-Dye complex leads to a color change from blue to orange, indicating siderophore production. For the quantification of total siderophores, bacterial supernatants were mixed in equal proportions with CAS dye in a microtiter plate, followed by spectrophotometric analysis at 630 nm. Pyoverdine was directly quantified from the bacterial supernatant by mixing it in equal proportions with 50 mM Tris-HCl, followed by spectrophotometric analysis. A peak at 380 nm confirmed the presence of pyoverdine. As for Pyochelin, direct quantification from the bacterial supernatant was not possible, so it had to be extracted first. Subsequent spectrophotometric analysis revealed the presence of pyochelin, with a peak at 313 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Rathod
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology Centre, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda
| | - Hiral Patel
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology Centre, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda
| | - Devarshi Gajjar
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology Centre, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda;
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Kang D, Xu Q, Kirienko NV. In vitro lung epithelial cell model reveals novel roles for Pseudomonas aeruginosa siderophores. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0369323. [PMID: 38311809 PMCID: PMC10913452 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03693-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The multidrug-resistant pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common nosocomial respiratory pathogen that continues to threaten the lives of patients with mechanical ventilation in intensive care units and those with underlying comorbidities such as cystic fibrosis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. For over 20 years, studies have repeatedly demonstrated that the major siderophore pyoverdine is an important virulence factor for P. aeruginosa in invertebrate and mammalian hosts in vivo. Despite its physiological significance, an in vitro, mammalian cell culture model that can be used to characterize the impact and molecular mechanisms of pyoverdine-mediated virulence has only been developed very recently. In this study, we adapt a previously-established, murine macrophage-based model to use human bronchial epithelial (16HBE) cells. We demonstrate that conditioned medium from P. aeruginosa induced rapid 16HBE cell death through the pyoverdine-dependent secretion of cytotoxic rhamnolipids. Genetic or chemical disruption of pyoverdine biosynthesis decreased rhamnolipid production and mitigated cell death. Consistent with these observations, chemical depletion of lipids or genetic disruption of rhamnolipid biosynthesis abrogated the toxicity of the conditioned medium. Furthermore, we also examine the effects of exposure to purified pyoverdine on 16HBE cells. While pyoverdine accumulated within cells, it was largely sequestered within early endosomes, resulting in minimal cytotoxicity. More membrane-permeable iron chelators, such as the siderophore pyochelin, decreased epithelial cell viability and upregulated several pro-inflammatory genes. However, pyoverdine potentiated these iron chelators in activating pro-inflammatory pathways. Altogether, these findings suggest that the siderophores pyoverdine and pyochelin play distinct roles in virulence during acute P. aeruginosa lung infection. IMPORTANCE Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a versatile bacterium that frequently causes lung infections. This pathogen is life-threatening to mechanically-ventilated patients in intensive care units and is a debilitating burden for individuals with cystic fibrosis. However, the role of P. aeruginosa virulence factors and their regulation during infection are not fully understood. Previous murine lung infection studies have demonstrated that the production of siderophores (e.g., pyoverdine and pyochelin) is necessary for full P. aeruginosa virulence. In this report, we provide further mechanistic insight into this phenomenon. We characterize distinct and novel ways these siderophores contribute to virulence using an in vitro human lung epithelial cell culture model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghoon Kang
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Qi Xu
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
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Griffiths EA. Transfusion avoidance in myelodysplastic neoplasms. Curr Opin Hematol 2024; 31:40-46. [PMID: 37982261 PMCID: PMC11006404 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS) are diseases of stem cell aging associated with complications from inadequate hematopoiesis (red cells, neutrophils and platelets) and variable risk for transformation to acute myeloid leukemia. Those with low-risk disease also suffer and die from MDS-related complications. Among the most challenging is development of anemia and transfusion dependence, which impacts quality of life and is associated with reduced survival. Appreciating and measuring the quality-of-life impact, preventing (if possible), treating, and managing the complications from anemia in MDS are of critical importance. RECENT FINDINGS Recent developments in basic science highlight the potential deleterious impact of iron overload within the developing red cell niche. Iron overload can compromise red cell maturation from healthy as well as malignant clones and produces an environment favoring expansion of mutant clonal cells, potentially driving disease progression. Observational studies in nontransfusion dependent MDS highlight that iron overload occurs even in the nontransfusion dependent. The newly approved (and established) therapies for management of MDS-related anemia work best when begun before patients become heavily transfusion-dependent. SUMMARY Iron overload is detrimental to hematopoiesis. Understanding the benefit afforded by transfusion is critical to optimal application and patient reported outcomes can inform this. Recently developed therapies are active and optimized application may improve response.
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He P, Hu S, Zhang Y, Xiang Z, Zhang Z, Wang D, Chen S. A new ROS response factor YvmB protects Bacillus licheniformis against oxidative stress under adverse environment. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0146823. [PMID: 38193675 PMCID: PMC10880666 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01468-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacillus spp., a class of aerobic bacteria, is widely used as a biocontrol microbe in the world. However, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) will accumulate once the aerobic bacteria are exposed to environmental stresses, which can decrease cell activity or lead to cell death. Hydroxyl radical (·OH), the strongest oxide in the ROS, can damage DNA directly, which is generated through Fenton Reaction by H2O2 and free iron. Here, we proved that the synthesis of pulcherriminic acid (PA), an iron chelator produced by Bacillus spp., could reduce DNA damage to protect cells from oxidative stress by sequestrating excess free iron, which enhanced the cell survival rates in stressful conditions (salt, antibiotic, and high temperature). It was worth noting that the synthesis of PA was found to be increased under oxidative stress. Thus, we demonstrated that the YvmB, a direct negative regulator of PA synthesis cluster yvmC-cypX, could be oxidized at cysteine residue (C57) to form a dimer losing the DNA-binding activity, which led to an improvement in PA production. Collectively, our findings highlight that YvmB senses ROS to regulate PA synthesis is one of the evolved proactive defense systems in bacteria against adverse environments.IMPORTANCEUnder environment stress, the electron transfer chain will be perturbed resulting in the accumulation of H2O2 and rapidly transform to ·OH through Fenton Reaction. How do bacteria deal with oxidative stress? At present, several iron chelators have been reported to decrease the ·OH generation by sequestrating iron, while how bacteria control the synthesis of iron chelators to resist oxidative stress is still unclear. Our study found that the synthesis of iron chelator PA is induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS), which means that the synthesis of iron chelator is a proactive defense mechanism against environment stress. Importantly, YvmB is the first response factor found to protect cells by reducing the ROS generation, which present a new perspective in antioxidation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiying Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongjia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengwei Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shouwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology of Fujian Province University, College of Ecological and Resource Engineering, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, China
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Anane J, Owusu E, Rivera G, Bandyopadhyay D. Iron-Imine Cocktail in Drug Development: A Contemporary Update. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2263. [PMID: 38396940 PMCID: PMC10888693 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Organometallic drug development is still in its early stage, but recent studies show that organometallics having iron as the central atom have the possibility of becoming good drug candidates because iron is an important micro-nutrient, and it is compatible with many biological systems, including the human body. Being an eco-friendly Lewis acid, iron can accept the lone pair of electrons from imino(sp2)-nitrogen, and the resultant iron-imine complexes with iron as a central atom have the possibility of interacting with several proteins and enzymes in humans. Iron-imine complexes have demonstrated significant potential with anticancer, bactericidal, fungicidal, and other medicinal activities in recent years. This article systematically discusses major synthetic methods and pharmacological potentials of iron-imine complexes having in vitro activity to significant clinical performance from 2016 to date. In a nutshell, this manuscript offers a simplistic view of iron complexes in medicinal inorganic chemistry: for instance, iron is presented as an "eco-friendly non-toxic" metal (as opposed to platinum) that will lead to non-toxic pharmaceuticals. The abundant literature on iron chelators shows that many iron complexes, particularly if redox-active in cells, can be quite cytotoxic, which can be beneficial for future targeted therapies. While we made every effort to include all the related papers, any omission is purely unintentional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Anane
- School of Integrative Biological and Chemical Sciences (SIBCS), University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA; (J.A.); (E.O.)
| | - Esther Owusu
- School of Integrative Biological and Chemical Sciences (SIBCS), University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA; (J.A.); (E.O.)
| | - Gildardo Rivera
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico;
| | - Debasish Bandyopadhyay
- School of Integrative Biological and Chemical Sciences (SIBCS), University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA; (J.A.); (E.O.)
- School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences (SEEMS), University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA
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French KS, Chukwuma E, Linshitz I, Namba K, Duckworth OW, Cubeta MA, Baars O. Inactivation of siderophore iron-chelating moieties by the fungal wheat root symbiont Pyrenophora biseptata. Environ Microbiol Rep 2024; 16:e13234. [PMID: 38240404 PMCID: PMC10866069 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.13234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
We investigated the ability of four plant and soil-associated fungi to modify or degrade siderophore structures leading to reduced siderophore iron-affinity in iron-limited and iron-replete cultures. Pyrenophora biseptata, a melanized fungus from wheat roots, was effective in inactivating siderophore iron-chelating moieties. In the supernatant solution, the tris-hydroxamate siderophore desferrioxamine B (DFOB) underwent a stepwise reduction of the three hydroxamate groups in DFOB to amides leading to a progressive loss in iron affinity. A mechanism is suggested based on the formation of transient ferrous iron followed by reduction of the siderophore hydroxamate groups during fungal high-affinity reductive iron uptake. P. biseptata also produced its own tris-hydroxamate siderophores (neocoprogen I and II, coprogen and dimerum acid) in iron-limited media and we observed loss of hydroxamate chelating groups during incubation in a manner analogous to DFOB. A redox-based reaction was also involved with the tris-catecholate siderophore protochelin in which oxidation of the catechol groups to quinones was observed. The new siderophore inactivating activity of the wheat symbiont P. biseptata is potentially widespread among fungi with implications for the availability of iron to plants and the surrounding microbiome in siderophore-rich environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie S. French
- Department of Entomology and Plant PathologyNorth Carolina State University, Center for Integrated Fungal ResearchRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
- Present address:
Department of Soil ScienceUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleArkansasUSA
| | - Emmanuel Chukwuma
- Department of ChemistryNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Ilan Linshitz
- Department of BiologyUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMarylandUSA
| | - Kosuke Namba
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesTokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Owen W. Duckworth
- Department of Crop and Soil SciencesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Marc A. Cubeta
- Department of Entomology and Plant PathologyNorth Carolina State University, Center for Integrated Fungal ResearchRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Oliver Baars
- Department of Entomology and Plant PathologyNorth Carolina State University, Center for Integrated Fungal ResearchRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of ChemistryNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
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Cini E, Crisponi G, Fantasia A, Cappai R, Siciliano S, Florio GD, Nurchi VM, Corsini M. Multipurpose Iron-Chelating Ligands Inspired by Bioavailable Molecules. Biomolecules 2024; 14:92. [PMID: 38254692 PMCID: PMC10813012 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Because of their capacity to bind metals, metal chelators are primarily employed for therapeutic purposes, but they can also find applications as colorimetric reagents and cleaning solutions as well as in soil remediation, electroplating, waste treatment, and so on. For instance, iron-chelation therapy, which is used to treat iron-overload disorders, involves removing excess iron from the blood through the use of particular molecules, like deferoxamine, that have the ability to chelate the metal. The creation of bioinspired and biodegradable chelating agents is a crucial objective that draws inspiration from natural products. In this context, starting from bioavailable molecules such as maltol and pyrogallol, new molecules have been synthetized and characterized by potentiometry, infrared spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Finally, the ability of these to bind iron has been investigated, and the stability constants of ferric complexes are measured using spectrophotometry. These compounds offer intriguing scaffolds for an innovative class of versatile, multipurpose chelating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Cini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (E.C.); (S.S.); (G.D.F.)
| | - Guido Crisponi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato-Cagliari, Italy; (G.C.); (A.F.)
| | - Alessandra Fantasia
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato-Cagliari, Italy; (G.C.); (A.F.)
| | - Rosita Cappai
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Fisiche, Matematiche e Naturali, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Sofia Siciliano
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (E.C.); (S.S.); (G.D.F.)
| | - Giuseppe Di Florio
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (E.C.); (S.S.); (G.D.F.)
| | - Valeria M. Nurchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato-Cagliari, Italy; (G.C.); (A.F.)
| | - Maddalena Corsini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (E.C.); (S.S.); (G.D.F.)
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Rahman A, Harker T, Lewis W, Islam KR. Nano and chelated iron fertilization influences marketable yield, phytochemical properties, and antioxidant capacity of tomatoes. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294033. [PMID: 37939150 PMCID: PMC10631701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is one of the limiting micronutrients essential for crop productivity. The goal of our study was to evaluate the effects of different sources and rates of Fe fertilization on the marketable yield, physical and chemical properties, and phytochemical quality of fresh market tomatoes (Solanum Lycopersicum L., cv. Sunbrite). A factorial experiment under a drip-irrigated plasticulture system was conducted in a completely randomized design with two sources of Fe (nano vs. chelated) and four rates of application (0, 10, 20, and 40 mg/L) with four replications. Results indicated that relative chlorophyll concentration in the leaf (SPAD index) increased significantly (by 24 to 27%) with 10 and 20 mg/L of both nano- and chelated Fe fertilization compared to the control. Increasing Fe fertilization decreased the leaf SPAD readings. The total fruit yield of tomato was 1.6 to 1.8 times higher under the chelated- and nano Fe fertilization and the increase in yield was significantly higher under the chelated Fe fertilization, when compared to the control. In contrast, the tomato harvest index was highest under 10 and 20 mg/L of nano Fe than under other Fe treatments. While the chelated Fe fertilized tomatoes had significantly higher concentrations of vitamin C (34%), ß-carotene (6%), total carotene (25%), flavonoid (17%), and polyphenol (66%), the nano Fe, in contrast, increased ß-carotene, total carotene, and polyphenol concentrations by 25, 33, 51, and 7%, respectively, compared to the control. The 20 mg/L chelated Fe significantly increased the vitamin C, total carotene, flavonoid, polyphenol concentration, and antioxidant capacity more than any other Fe treatments. Based on the principal components analyses, vitamin C, lycopene, and anthocyanin were identified as the core indicators of the tomato nutrition quality index (NQIndex). The NQIndex ranged from 47 to 54, falling within the medium level of nutritional quality (40 to <70). In conclusion, the chelated Fe, when applied at 20 mg/L, was the most appropriate rate based on highly correlated connectivity for the phytochemicals syntheses associated with the improved tomato antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arifur Rahman
- The Ohio State University South Centers, Piketon, OH, United States of America
| | - Thomas Harker
- The Ohio State University South Centers, Piketon, OH, United States of America
| | - Wayne Lewis
- The Ohio State University South Centers, Piketon, OH, United States of America
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Jeon S, Im M, Kim K, Kim D, Han JI. Electrochemically-mediated reactive separation of nitric oxide into nitrate using iron chelate. Chemosphere 2023; 341:140026. [PMID: 37659509 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Valorization of nitric oxide is a promising solution for addressing the environmental and resource issues related to the nitrogen cycle. However, low concentrations of nitric oxide combined with impurities in exhaust streams limit its potential, and it requires extensive energy to produce high-purity nitric oxide. Here, we propose a synergistic reactive separation system that combines iron-chelate selective absorption with an electrochemical reaction to convert nitric oxide to nitrate. Among the iron-based chelates tested, EDTA was found to be the most effective in capturing gas-phase nitric oxide. Direct electrochemical oxidation of Fe-EDTA-NO solution exhibited Faradaic efficiency and a partial current density toward nitrate of 70% and 30.1 mA cm-2 at 2.2 V vs RHE and pH 7, resulting in a 43-fold enhancement of nitrate partial current density and a 2-fold improvement in Faradaic efficiency compared to simple purging without selective absorbent. Nitrate was then selectively recovered from the Fe-EDTA system using simple polarity reversal following electrooxidation with a separation factor of 13 over background sulfate. This study offers a new approach to gas-phase NO remediation and valorization using an electrified means.
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Affiliation(s)
- SeokHwan Jeon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mintaek Im
- Environment & Sustainable Resources Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwiyong Kim
- Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - DongYeon Kim
- Environment & Sustainable Resources Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea; Research Institute, Bluetec, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-In Han
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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Hurtado J, Sellak H, Joseph G, Lewis CV, Naudin CR, Garcia S, Wodicka JR, Archer DR, Taylor WR. Accelerated atherosclerosis in beta-thalassemia. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H1133-H1143. [PMID: 37682237 PMCID: PMC10908407 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00306.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Children with beta-thalassemia (BT) present with an increase in carotid intima-medial thickness, an early sign suggestive of premature atherosclerosis. However, it is unknown if there is a direct relationship between BT and atherosclerotic disease. To evaluate this, wild-type (WT, littermates) and BT (Hbbth3/+) mice, both male and female, were placed on a 3-mo high-fat diet with low-density lipoprotein receptor suppression via overexpression of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) gain-of-function mutation (D377Y). Mechanistically, we hypothesize that heme-mediated oxidative stress creates a proatherogenic environment in BT because BT is a hemolytic anemia that has increased free heme and exhausted hemopexin, heme's endogenous scavenger, in the vasculature. We evaluated the effect of hemopexin (HPX) therapy, mediated via an adeno-associated virus, to the progression of atherosclerosis in BT and a phenylhydrazine-induced model of intravascular hemolysis. In addition, we evaluated the effect of deferiprone (DFP)-mediated iron chelation in the progression of atherosclerosis in BT mice. Aortic en face and aortic root lesion area analysis revealed elevated plaque accumulation in both male and female BT mice compared with WT mice. Hemopexin therapy was able to decrease plaque accumulation in both BT mice and mice on our phenylhydrazine (PHZ)-induced model of hemolysis. DFP decreased atherosclerosis in BT mice but did not provide an additive benefit to HPX therapy. Our data demonstrate for the first time that the underlying pathophysiology of BT leads to accelerated atherosclerosis and shows that heme contributes to atherosclerotic plaque development in BT.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This work definitively shows for the first time that beta-thalassemia leads to accelerated atherosclerosis. We demonstrated that intravascular hemolysis is a prominent feature in beta-thalassemia and the resulting increases in free heme are mechanistically relevant. Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-hemopexin therapy led to decreased free heme and atherosclerotic plaque area in both beta-thalassemia and phenylhydrazine-treated mice. Deferiprone-mediated iron chelation led to deceased plaque accumulation in beta-thalassemia mice but provided no additive benefit to hemopexin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Hurtado
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Hassan Sellak
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Giji Joseph
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Caitlin V Lewis
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Crystal R Naudin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Sergio Garcia
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - James Robert Wodicka
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - David R Archer
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center at Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - W Robert Taylor
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- Cardiology Division, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
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Liu L, Zhang Y, Wang L, Liu Y, Chen H, Hu Q, Xie C, Meng X, Shen X. Scutellarein alleviates chronic obstructive pulmonary disease through inhibition of ferroptosis by chelating iron and interacting with arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase. Phytother Res 2023; 37:4587-4606. [PMID: 37353982 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent cell death characterized by lethal lipid peroxidation, is involved in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) pathogenesis. Therefore, ferroptosis inhibition represents an attractive strategy for COPD therapy. Herein, we identified natural flavonoid scutellarein as a potent ferroptosis inhibitor for the first time, and characterized its underlying mechanisms for inhibition of ferroptosis and COPD. In vitro, the anti-ferroptotic activity of scutellarein was investigated through CCK8, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), Western blotting, flow cytometry, and transmission electron microscope (TEM). In vivo, COPD was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/cigarette smoke (CS) and assessed by changes in histopathological, inflammatory, and ferroptotic markers. The mechanisms were investigated by RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), electrospray ionization mass spectra (ESI-MS), local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS), cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), and molecular dynamics. Our results showed that scutellarein significantly inhibited Ras-selective lethal small molecule (RSL)-3-induced ferroptosis and mitochondria injury in BEAS-2B cells, and ameliorated LPS/CS-induced COPD in mice. Furthermore, scutellarein also repressed RSL-3- or LPS/CS-induced lipid peroxidation, GPX4 down-regulation, and overactivation of Nrf2/HO-1 and JNK/p38 pathways. Mechanistically, scutellarein inhibited RSL-3- or LPS/CS-induced Fe2+ elevation through directly chelating Fe2+ . Moreover, scutellarein bound to the lipid peroxidizing enzyme arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (ALOX15), which resulted in an unstable state of the catalysis-related Fe2+ chelating cluster. Additionally, ALOX15 overexpression partially abolished scutellarein-mediated anti-ferroptotic activity. Our findings revealed that scutellarein alleviated COPD by inhibiting ferroptosis via directly chelating Fe2+ and interacting with ALOX15, and also highlighted scutellarein as a candidate for the treatment of COPD and other ferroptosis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunsen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences (ICMS), University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Lun Wang
- Natural Products Research Center, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Liu
- College of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongqing Chen
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiongying Hu
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunguang Xie
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianli Meng
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofei Shen
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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12
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Xu T, Cai J, Wang L, Xu L, Zhao H, Wang F, Meyron-Holtz EG, Missirlis F, Qiao T, Li K. Hormone replacement therapy for postmenopausal atherosclerosis is offset by late age iron deposition. eLife 2023; 12:e80494. [PMID: 37561022 PMCID: PMC10414966 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal atherosclerosis (AS) has been attributed to estrogen deficiency. However, the beneficial effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is lost in late postmenopausal women with atherogenesis. We asked whether aging-related iron accumulation affects estrogen receptor α (ERα) expression, thus explaining HRT inefficacy. A negative correlation has been observed between aging-related systemic iron deposition and ERα expression in postmenopausal AS patients. In an ovariectomized Apoe-/- mouse model, estradiol treatment had contrasting effects on ERα expression in early versus late postmenopausal mice. ERα expression was inhibited by iron treatment in cell culture and iron-overloaded mice. Combined treatment with estradiol and iron further decreased ERα expression, and the latter effect was mediated by iron-regulated E3 ligase Mdm2. In line with these observations, cellular cholesterol efflux was reduced, and endothelial homeostasis was disrupted. Consequently, AS was aggravated. Accordingly, systemic iron chelation attenuated estradiol-triggered progressive AS in late postmenopausal mice. Thus, iron and estradiol together downregulate ERα through Mdm2-mediated proteolysis, providing a potential explanation for failures of HRT in late postmenopausal subjects with aging-related iron accumulation. This study suggests that immediate HRT after menopause, along with appropriate iron chelation, might provide benefits from AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianze Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingChina
| | - Jing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingChina
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingChina
| | - Li Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Hongting Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Fudi Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Esther G Meyron-Holtz
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifaIsrael
| | - Fanis Missirlis
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, CinvestavMexicoMexico
| | - Tong Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingChina
| | - Kuanyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
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13
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Zheng Q, Ma P, Yang P, Zhai S, He M, Zhang X, Tu Q, Jiao L, Ye L, Feng Z, Zhang C. Alpha lipoic acid ameliorates motor deficits by inhibiting ferroptosis in Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Lett 2023; 810:137346. [PMID: 37308056 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease. Ferroptosis shares several features with PD pathophysiology, and anti-ferroptosis molecules are neuroprotective in PD animal models. As an antioxidant and iron chelating agent, alpha lipoic acid (ALA) has a neuroprotective effect on PD; however, the influence of ALA on ferroptosis in PD remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the mechanism of ALA in regulating ferroptosis in PD models. Results showed that ALA could ameliorate motor deficits in PD models and regulate iron metabolism by upregulating ferroportin (FPN) and ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1) and downregulating iron importer divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1). Moreover, ALA decreased the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation, rescued mitochondrial damage, and prevented ferroptosis effectively by inhibiting the downregulation of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and cysteine/glutamate transporter (xCT) in PD. Mechanistic study indicated that the activation of SIRT1/NRF2 pathway was involved in the upregulation effect of GPX4 and FTH1. Thus, ALA ameliorates motor deficits in PD models by regulating iron metabolism and mitigating ferroptosis through the SIRT1/NRF2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Pengfei Ma
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Pan Yang
- Engineering Research Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Suzhen Zhai
- Engineering Research Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Meina He
- Engineering Research Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiangming Zhang
- Engineering Research Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qiuxia Tu
- Engineering Research Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ling Jiao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Lan Ye
- Engineering Research Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhanhui Feng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550001, China.
| | - Chunlin Zhang
- Engineering Research Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Department of Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China.
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14
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Jansen CU, Nørskov A, Mortensen KT, Qvortrup KM. Convergent Total Synthesis of Exochelin 772SM. J Org Chem 2023; 88:8669-8673. [PMID: 37294812 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A convergent total synthesis of the natural mycobacterial iron chelator desferri-exochelin 772SM (D-EXO) is described. The synthetic procedure proceeds in 11 steps in the longest linear sequence, with an overall yield of 8.6%. The described procedure uses cheap starting materials and requires a limited number of chromatographic purifications. The concise strategy divides the exochelin into five key building blocks, allowing easy alternation of each single building block. Herein, the presented synthetic strategy is well suited to facilitate the synthesis of analogues and medicinal chemistry development efforts in a time- and resource-efficient manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amalie Nørskov
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kim T Mortensen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Katrine M Qvortrup
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
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15
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Ortiz D, Munoz M, Garcia J, Cirés S, de Pedro ZM, Quesada A, Casas JA. Photo-Fenton oxidation of cylindrospermopsin at neutral pH with LEDs. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:21598-21607. [PMID: 36271068 PMCID: PMC9938050 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23681-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is a potent cyanobacterial toxin found in freshwaters worldwide. In this work, the feasibility of the photo-Fenton process under neutral pH using light emitting diodes as irradiation source for the removal of this hazardous cyanotoxin from freshwater was investigated. The impact of the kind of iron chelating agent (ethylenediamine-N, N'-disuccinic acid vs. ethylenedinitrilotetraacetic acid) as well as the effect of the main operating conditions viz. H2O2 dose, Fe(III) load, initial CYN concentration, and Fe(III):EDDS molar ratio on the performance of the process was systematically evaluated. EDDS was selected as the most appropriate iron chelating agent considering the kinetics of the process and the environmental impact (Vibrio fischeri and Artemia salina). Under optimized conditions ([H2O2] = 30 mg L-1; [Fe(III)] = 5 mg L-1; Fe(III):ligand = 1:0.5 (molar ratio)), complete removal of CYN was achieved in 15-min reaction time. Furthermore, the catalytic system showed to be effective in real water matrices (river and reservoir waters) spiked with CYN. Although the presence of inorganic ions (mainly HCO3-/CO32-) and dissolved organic carbon decreased the oxidation rate of CYN due to scavenging reactions and iron coordination, respectively, complete elimination of the cyanotoxin was achieved in all cases. The fate of EDDS along the process was also evaluated to demonstrate that the catalytic system investigated, apart from its effectiveness, warrants the complete absence of residues after reaction. Therefore, the proposed system constitutes a promising method for cyanotoxin treatment either as a drinking water treatment step in conventional plants or as a potential remediation strategy in the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ortiz
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ctra. Colmenar km 15, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Macarena Munoz
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ctra. Colmenar km 15, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Garcia
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ctra. Colmenar km 15, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Samuel Cirés
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ctra. Colmenar km 15, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Zahara M de Pedro
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ctra. Colmenar km 15, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Quesada
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ctra. Colmenar km 15, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose A Casas
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ctra. Colmenar km 15, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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16
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Rafati Rahimzadeh M, Rafati Rahimzadeh M, Kazemi S, Moghadamnia AR, Ghaemi Amiri M, Moghadamnia AA. Iron; Benefits or threatens (with emphasis on mechanism and treatment of its poisoning). Hum Exp Toxicol 2023; 42:9603271231192361. [PMID: 37526177 DOI: 10.1177/09603271231192361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Iron is a necessary biological element and one of the richest in the human body, but it can cause changes in cell function and activity control. Iron is involved in a wide range of oxidation - reduction activities. Whenever iron exceeds the cellular metabolic needs, its excess causes changes in the products of cellular respiration, such as superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl. The formation of these compounds causes cellular toxicity. Lack of control over reactive oxygen species causes damages to DNA, proteins, and lipids. Conversely, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl are reactive oxygen species, using antioxidants, restoring DNA function, and controlling iron stores lead to natural conditions. Iron poisoning causes clinical manifestations in the gastrointestinal tract, liver, heart, kidneys, and hematopoietic system. When serum iron is elevated, serum iron concentrations, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) and ferritin will also increase. Supportive care is provided by whole bowel irrigation (WBI), esophagogastroduodenoscopy is required to evaluate mucosal injury and remove undissolved iron tablets. The use of chelator agents such as deferoxamine mesylate, deferasirox, deferiprone, deferitrin are very effective in removing excess iron. Of course, the combined treatment of these chelators plays an important role in increasing iron excretion, and reducing side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sohrab Kazemi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Ghaemi Amiri
- Faculty of Education Development Center (EDC), Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Moghadamnia
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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17
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Naidu SAG, Clemens RA, Naidu AS. SARS-CoV-2 Infection Dysregulates Host Iron (Fe)-Redox Homeostasis (Fe-R-H): Role of Fe-Redox Regulators, Ferroptosis Inhibitors, Anticoagulants, and Iron-Chelators in COVID-19 Control. J Diet Suppl 2023; 20:312-371. [PMID: 35603834 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2022.2075072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Severe imbalance in iron metabolism among SARS-CoV-2 infected patients is prominent in every symptomatic (mild, moderate to severe) clinical phase of COVID-19. Phase-I - Hypoxia correlates with reduced O2 transport by erythrocytes, overexpression of HIF-1α, altered mitochondrial bioenergetics with host metabolic reprogramming (HMR). Phase-II - Hyperferritinemia results from an increased iron overload, which triggers a fulminant proinflammatory response - the acute cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Elevated cytokine levels (i.e. IL6, TNFα and CRP) strongly correlates with altered ferritin/TF ratios in COVID-19 patients. Phase-III - Thromboembolism is consequential to erythrocyte dysfunction with heme release, increased prothrombin time and elevated D-dimers, cumulatively linked to severe coagulopathies with life-threatening outcomes such as ARDS, and multi-organ failure. Taken together, Fe-R-H dysregulation is implicated in every symptomatic phase of COVID-19. Fe-R-H regulators such as lactoferrin (LF), hemoxygenase-1 (HO-1), erythropoietin (EPO) and hepcidin modulators are innate bio-replenishments that sequester iron, neutralize iron-mediated free radicals, reduce oxidative stress, and improve host defense by optimizing iron metabolism. Due to its pivotal role in 'cytokine storm', ferroptosis is a potential intervention target. Ferroptosis inhibitors such as ferrostatin-1, liproxstatin-1, quercetin, and melatonin could prevent mitochondrial lipid peroxidation, up-regulate antioxidant/GSH levels and abrogate iron overload-induced apoptosis through activation of Nrf2 and HO-1 signaling pathways. Iron chelators such as heparin, deferoxamine, caffeic acid, curcumin, α-lipoic acid, and phytic acid could protect against ferroptosis and restore mitochondrial function, iron-redox potential, and rebalance Fe-R-H status. Therefore, Fe-R-H restoration is a host biomarker-driven potential combat strategy for an effective clinical and post-recovery management of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roger A Clemens
- Department of International Regulatory Science, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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18
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Chen X, Chen Z, Lin CY, Chen R, Huang P, Jin Y. Water disinfection by the UVA/electro-Fenton process under near neutral conditions: Performance and mechanisms. Chemosphere 2022; 308:136488. [PMID: 36152825 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
An efficient and thorough water disinfection is critical for human health. In this study, UVA-LEDs, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) and a boron-doped diamond anode were respectively used as the UVA source, the iron chelator and the anode for the UVA/electro-Fenton (E-Fenton) reaction to treat wastewater. The disinfection performance of the UVA/E-Fenton had been investigated. The mechanisms of the E. coli inactivation had been clarified. The results showed that complete disinfection (about 5.6-log removal) could be achieved within 50 min at a certain condition due to the synergistic effort of the UVA, anodic oxidation and the electro-Fenton. The quenching experiments and the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) detection indicated that •OH, •O2- and 1O2 play important roles for inactivating E. coli. The results of SEM images and genomic DNA electrophoresis suggested that both the cell structure and the DNA had been thoroughly destroyed during the UVA/E-Fenton process. Increasing the UVA irradiation, oxygen bubbling could improve the disinfection rate, while it also would increase the energy consumption. The appropriate Fe and NTA ratio was 1:2 to realize an efficient Fenton reaction under near neutral condition. Complete disinfection was also achieved within 50 min when it used for treating real wastewater. Thus, the UVA/E-Fenton process is a satisfied way for water disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongjian Chen
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Ziyu Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Chun-Yan Lin
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fuzhou, 350007, China.
| | - Riyao Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Peiwen Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Yanchao Jin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fuzhou, 350007, China.
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19
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Prakash PK, Eligar SM, Prakruthi M, Jyothi Lakshmi AS. Comparative assessment of antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties of skimmed milk protein hydrolysates and their incorporation in beverage mix. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:6414-6422. [PMID: 35562860 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Milk-derived protein hydrolysates have generated a great deal of interest recently due to their numerous beneficial health effects. However, there are few comparative studies on protein hydrolysates from different dairy species, their production, characterization, and bioactivity. In the present study, skimmed milk from both major and minor dairy species was hydrolyzed with alcalase, and its protein profiles were studied using tricine polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and reverse phase-high protein liquid chromatography. The antioxidant and in vitro immunostimulatory properties were determined. RESULTS Iron chelation activity was highest in hydrolysates of whey (25.00 ± 0.32 mmol L-1 ), casein (25.14 ± 0.34 mmol L-1 ), colostrum (24.52 ± 0.28 mmol L-1 ), and skimmed cattle milk (24.21 ± 0.26 mmol L-1 ). α,α-Diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl scavenging and 2,2'-azobis(2-amidino-propane) dihydrochloride activity was lowest in skimmed donkey milk protein hydrolysates (MPHs) (IC50 : 5.37 ± 0.05 mg mL-1 and 151.59 ± 2.1 mg mL-1 ). Production of nitric oxide and phagocytosis activity in RAW 264.7 (murine macrophage cell line) was significantly higher among whey and buffalo skimmed milk protein hydrolysate-treated groups as compared with the untreated group. The incorporation of whey protein hydrolysate and skimmed buffalo milk protein hydrolysate were sensorially acceptable at 10% level in beverage mix. CONCLUSION This study comparatively evaluates the antioxidative and immunomodulatory properties of different skimmed MPHs and their potential applications as ingredients in pediatric, geriatric, and other health-promoting foods. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Kumar Prakash
- Department of Protein Chemistry and Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570020, India
- Department of Bioscience, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Mangaluru, India
| | - Sachin M Eligar
- Department of Protein Chemistry and Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570020, India
| | - Manikumar Prakruthi
- Department of Protein Chemistry and Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570020, India
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20
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Edge R, Riley PA, Truscott TG. Does iron chelation by eumelanin contribute to the ethnic link with maternal mortality? Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2022; 278:107-108. [PMID: 36150313 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2022.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Edge
- Dalton Cumbrian Facility, Westlakes Science Park, The University of Manchester, Cumbria CA24 3HA, UK
| | - P A Riley
- Division of Infection & Immunity, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - T G Truscott
- School of Chemical & Physical Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
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21
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He Z, Shen P, Feng L, Hao H, He Y, Fan G, Liu Z, Zhu K, Wang Y, Zhang N, Hu X, Fu Y, Wu J. Cadmium induces liver dysfunction and ferroptosis through the endoplasmic stress-ferritinophagy axis. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 245:114123. [PMID: 36183427 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a type of high-risk heavy metal that can damage organs such as the liver, but its mechanism is not yet clear. Ferroptosis is a newly discovered mode of regulatory cell death. We explored whether ferroptosis is involved in Cd-induced liver damage and the underlying mechanism. Our research showed that Cd induced liver damage by inducing ferroptosis, and the use of ferroptosis inhibitors reduced the degree of liver damage. Moreover, the occurrence of ferroptosis was accompanied by the activation of the PERK-eIF2α-ATF4-CHOP signaling pathway, and inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress reduced ferroptosis demonstrating that ferroptosis induced by Cd is dependent on ER stress. In addition, chloroquine, a common autophagy inhibitor, mitigated ferroptosis caused by Cd exposure. Then, the iron chelator deferoxamine reduced Cd-induced lipid peroxidation and cell death, demonstrating that the iron regulation disorder caused by ferritin phagocytosis contributes to the Cd-induced ferroptosis. In conclusion, our results show that Cd-induced liver toxicity is accompanied by ferroptosis, which contributes to Cd inducing oxidative stress to trigger autophagy and ER stress to promote the process of ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqi He
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, People Republic of China
| | - Peng Shen
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, People Republic of China
| | - Lianjun Feng
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, People Republic of China
| | - Haoyang Hao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, People Republic of China
| | - Yuhong He
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, People Republic of China
| | - Guyue Fan
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, People Republic of China
| | - Zhuoyu Liu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, People Republic of China
| | - Kun Zhu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, People Republic of China
| | - Yiqi Wang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, People Republic of China
| | - Naisheng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, People Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, People Republic of China
| | - Yunhe Fu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, People Republic of China
| | - Jiacheng Wu
- Department of Hepatolibiary Pancreatic Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, People Republic of China.
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22
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Antonyová V, Tatar A, Brogyányi T, Kejík Z, Kaplánek R, Vellieux F, Abramenko N, Sinica A, Hajduch J, Novotný P, Masters BS, Martásek P, Jakubek M. Targeting of the Mitochondrial TET1 Protein by Pyrrolo[3,2- b]pyrrole Chelators. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810850. [PMID: 36142763 PMCID: PMC9505425 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting of epigenetic mechanisms, such as the hydroxymethylation of DNA, has been intensively studied, with respect to the treatment of many serious pathologies, including oncological disorders. Recent studies demonstrated that promising therapeutic strategies could potentially be based on the inhibition of the TET1 protein (ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase 1) by specific iron chelators. Therefore, in the present work, we prepared a series of pyrrolopyrrole derivatives with hydrazide (1) or hydrazone (2–6) iron-binding groups. As a result, we determined that the basic pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole derivative 1 was a strong inhibitor of the TET1 protein (IC50 = 1.33 μM), supported by microscale thermophoresis and molecular docking. Pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles 2–6, bearing substituted 2-hydroxybenzylidene moieties, displayed no significant inhibitory activity. In addition, in vitro studies demonstrated that derivative 1 exhibits potent anticancer activity and an exclusive mitochondrial localization, confirmed by Pearson’s correlation coefficient of 0.92.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Antonyová
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 455/2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 252 20 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Ameneh Tatar
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 455/2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Brogyányi
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 455/2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 53 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Kejík
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 455/2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 252 20 Vestec, Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Kaplánek
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 455/2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 252 20 Vestec, Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Fréderic Vellieux
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 252 20 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Nikita Abramenko
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 455/2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 252 20 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Alla Sinica
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 252 20 Vestec, Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hajduch
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 252 20 Vestec, Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Novotný
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 455/2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 252 20 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Bettie Sue Masters
- Duke University Medical Center, Department of Biochemistry, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Pavel Martásek
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 455/2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (P.M.); (M.J.)
| | - Milan Jakubek
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 455/2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 252 20 Vestec, Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (P.M.); (M.J.)
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23
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Gu W, Fillebeen C, Pantopoulos K. Human IRP1 Translocates to the Nucleus in a Cell-Specific and Iron-Dependent Manner. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810740. [PMID: 36142654 PMCID: PMC9502121 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron regulatory protein 1 (IRP1) is a bifunctional protein with mutually exclusive RNA-binding or enzymatic activities that depend on the presence of a 4Fe-4S cluster. While IRP1 is a well-established cytosolic protein, work in a Drosophila model suggested that it may also exhibit nuclear localization. Herein, we addressed whether mammalian IRP1 can likewise translocate to the nucleus. We utilized primary cells and tissues from wild type and Irp1−/− mice, as well as human cell lines and tissue biopsy sections. IRP1 subcellular localization was analyzed by Western blotting, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. We did not detect presence of nuclear IRP1 in wild type mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), primary hepatocytes or whole mouse liver. However, we observed IRP1-positive nuclei in human liver but not ovary sections. Biochemical fractionation studies revealed presence of IRP1 in the nucleus of human Huh7 and HepG2 hepatoma cells, but not HeLa cervical cancer cells. Importantly, nuclear IRP1 was only evident in iron-replete cells and disappeared following pharmacological iron chelation. These data provide the first experimental evidence for nuclear IRP1 expression in mammals, which appears to be species- and cell-specific. Furthermore, they suggest that the nuclear translocation of IRP1 is mediated by an iron-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Gu
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Carine Fillebeen
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Kostas Pantopoulos
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-514-340-8260 (ext. 25293)
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24
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Lai Y, Zhao S, Chen B, Huang Y, Guo C, Li M, Ye B, Wang S, Zhang H, Yang N. Iron controls T helper cell pathogenicity by promoting glucose metabolism in autoimmune myopathy. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e999. [PMID: 35917405 PMCID: PMC9345506 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND T helper cells in patients with autoimmune disease of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are characterized with the proinflammatory phenotypes. The underlying mechanisms remain unknown. METHODS RNA sequencing was performed for differential expression genes. Gene expression in CD4+ T-cells was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR. CD4+ T-cells from IIM patients or healthy controls were evaluated for metabolic activities by Seahorse assay. Glucose uptake, T-cell proliferation and differentiation were evaluated and measured by flow cytometry. Human CD4+ T-cells treated with iron chelators or Pfkfb4 siRNA were measured for glucose metabolism, proliferation and differentiation. Signalling pathway activation was evaluated by western blot and flow cytometry. Mouse model of experimental autoimmune myositis (EAM) were induced and treated with iron chelator or rapamycin. CD4+ T-cell differentiation and muscle inflammation in the EAM mice were evaluated. RESULTS RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that iron was involved with glucose metabolism and CD4+ T-cell differentiation. IIM patient-derived CD4+ T-cells showed enhanced glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration, which was inhibited by iron chelation. CD4+ T-cells from patients with IIM was proinflammatory and iron chelation suppressed the differentiation of interferon gamma (IFNγ)- and interleukin (IL)-17A-producing CD4+ T-cells, which resulted in an increased percentage of regulatory T (Treg) cells. Mechanistically, iron promoted glucose metabolism by an upregulation of PFKFB4 through AKT-mTOR signalling pathway. Notably, the knockdown of Pfkfb4 decreased glucose influx and thus suppressed the differentiation of IFNγ- and IL-17A-producing CD4+ T-cells. In vivo, iron chelation inhibited mTOR signalling pathway and reduced PFKFB4 expression in CD4+ T-cells, resulting in reduced proinflammatory IFNγ- and IL-17A-producing CD4+ T-cells and increased Foxp3+ Treg cells, leading to ameliorated muscle inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Iron directs CD4+ T-cells into a proinflammatory phenotype by enhancing glucose metabolism. Therapeutic targeting of iron metabolism should have the potential to normalize glucose metabolism in CD4+ T-cells and reverse their proinflammatory phenotype in IIM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimei Lai
- Department of RheumatologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Siyuan Zhao
- Department of RheumatologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Binfeng Chen
- Department of RheumatologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yuefang Huang
- Department of PediatricsThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Chaohuan Guo
- Department of RheumatologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Mengyuan Li
- Department of RheumatologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Baokui Ye
- Department of RheumatologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Shuyi Wang
- Department of RheumatologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of RheumatologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Institute of Precision MedicineThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Niansheng Yang
- Department of RheumatologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
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25
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Cardona CJ, Hermann ER, Kouplen KN, Hartson SD, Montgomery MR. Differences in Antioxidant and Lipid Handling Protein Expression Influence How Cells Expressing Distinct Mutant TP53 Subtypes Maintain Iron Homeostasis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132064. [PMID: 35805147 PMCID: PMC9265551 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor TP53 is the most commonly mutated gene in human cancers, and iron is necessary for cancer cell growth and proliferation, but there is a significant gap in knowledge for how the two cooperate to affect cellular physiology. Elucidating this role is complicated, however, because each TP53 mutation subtype exhibits unique phenotypic responses to changes in iron availability. The goal of this work was to determine how cells expressing distinct TP53 mutation subtypes respond to iron restriction. Utilizing a reverse genetics approach, we generated eight isogenic cell lines that either lacked TP53 expression, expressed wild-type TP53, or expressed one of the six most common TP53 “hotspot” mutations. We then employed isobaric peptide labeling and mass spectrometry to quantitively measure changes in global protein expression, both in response to induction of mutant TP53 expression, and in response to iron chelation. Our findings indicate that mutant TP53-dependent sensitivities to iron restriction are not driven by differences in responsiveness to iron chelation, but more so by mutant TP53-dependent differences in cellular antioxidant and lipid handling protein expression. These findings reinforce the importance of distinguishing between TP53 mutation subtypes when investigating approaches to target mutant TP53. We also identify unique TP53-dependent perturbances in protein expression patterns that could be exploited to improve iron-targeted chemotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron J. Cardona
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (C.J.C.); (E.R.H.)
| | - Evan R. Hermann
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (C.J.C.); (E.R.H.)
| | - Kate N. Kouplen
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA;
| | - Steven D. Hartson
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA;
| | - McKale R. Montgomery
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (C.J.C.); (E.R.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-405-744-4941
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26
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Xu L, Sun Z, Xing Z, Liu Y, Zhao H, Tang Z, Luo Y, Hao S, Li K. Cur@SF NPs alleviate Friedreich's ataxia in a mouse model through synergistic iron chelation and antioxidation. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:118. [PMID: 35264205 PMCID: PMC8905737 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01333-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal iron metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction and the derived oxidative damage are the main pathogeneses of Friedrich's ataxia (FRDA), a single-gene inherited recessive neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cerebellar and sensory ataxia. This disease is caused by frataxin (FXN) mutation, which reduces FXN expression and impairs iron sulfur cluster biogenesis. To date, there is no effective therapy to treat this condition. Curcumin is proposed harboring excellent ability to resist oxidative stress through Nrf2 activation and its newly found ability to chelate iron. However, its limitation is its poor water solubility and permeability. Here, we synthesized slow-release nanoparticles (NPs) by loading curcumin (Cur) into silk fibroin (SF) to form NPs with an average size of 150 nm (Cur@SF NPs), which exhibited satisfactory therapeutic effects on the improvement of FRDA manifestation in lymphoblasts (1 μM) derived from FRDA patients and in YG8R mice (150 mg/kg/5 days). Cur@SF NPs not only removed iron from the heart and diminished oxidative stress in general but also potentiate iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis, which compensates FXN deficiency to improve the morphology and function of mitochondria. Cur@SF NPs showed a significant advantage in neuron and myocardial function, thereby improving FRDA mouse behavior scores. These data encourage us to propose that Cur@SF NPs are a promising therapeutic compound in the application of FRDA disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Iron Metabolism and Mitochondrial Function, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zichen Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Iron Metabolism and Mitochondrial Function, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zhiyao Xing
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Iron Metabolism and Mitochondrial Function, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yutong Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Iron Metabolism and Mitochondrial Function, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Hongting Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Iron Metabolism and Mitochondrial Function, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zhongmin Tang
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Yu Luo
- Shanghai Engineering Technology Research Center for Pharmaceutical Intelligent Equipment, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Center for Druggability of Cardiovascular Noncoding RNA, Institute for Frontier Medical Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Shuangying Hao
- School of Medicine, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454003, Henan, China.
| | - Kuanyu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Iron Metabolism and Mitochondrial Function, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
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27
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López-Vinent N, Cruz-Alcalde A, Lai C, Giménez J, Esplugas S, Sans C. Role of sunlight and oxygen on the performance of photo-Fenton process at near neutral pH using organic fertilizers as iron chelates. Sci Total Environ 2022; 803:149873. [PMID: 34525738 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, reaction mechanisms of photo-Fenton process with chelated iron are not yet clearly defined. In this study, five organic fertilizers were used as iron complexes to investigate the role of sunlight and oxygen in photo-Fenton at near neutral pH. UV absorbance and stability constant of each selected iron chelate is different, and this work demonstrates that these parameters affect the reaction mechanisms in SMX degradation. Irradiation experiments without H2O2 revealed that only EDDS-Fe and DTPA-Fe achieved SMX degradation, but different iron release. These results, together with soluble oxygen free experiments, allowed the proposal of complementary reaction mechanisms to those of the classical photo-Fenton. The proposed mechanisms start through the potential photoexcitation of the iron complex, followed by subsequent oxygen-mediated hydroxyl radical generation reactions that are different for EDDS-Fe and DTPA-Fe. Moreover, irradiation experiments using EDTA-Fe and HEDTA-Fe had negligible SMX degradation despite iron release was observed, evidencing the differences between iron chelates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria López-Vinent
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, C/Martí i Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Alberto Cruz-Alcalde
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, C/Martí i Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research - Spanish National Research Council (IDAEA-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudia Lai
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, C/Martí i Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaime Giménez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, C/Martí i Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Esplugas
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, C/Martí i Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Sans
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, C/Martí i Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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28
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Elmansy EA, Elkady EM, Asker MS, Abdou AM, Abdallah NA, Amer SK. Exopolysaccharide produced by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum RO30 isolated from Romi cheese: characterization, antioxidant and burn healing activity. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:245. [PMID: 36287274 PMCID: PMC9605930 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03439-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) extracted from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are generally recognized as safe. They have earned popularity in recent years because of their exceptional biological features. Therefore, the present study main focus was to study EPS-production from probiotic LAB and to investigate their antioxidant and burn wound healing efficacy. Seventeen LAB were isolated from different food samples. All of them showed EPS-producing abilities ranging from 1.75 ± 0.05 to 4.32 ± 0.12 g/l. RO30 isolate (from Romi cheese) was chosen, due to its ability to produce the highest EPS yield (4.23 ± 0.12 g/l). The 16S rDNA sequencing showed it belonged to the Lactiplantibacillus plantarum group and was further identified as L. plantarum RO30 with accession number OL757866. It displayed well in vitro probiotic properties. REPS was extracted and characterized. The existence of COO−, OH and amide groups corresponding to typical EPSs was confirmed via FTIR. It was constituted of glucuronic acid, mannose, glucose, and arabinose in a molar ratio of 2.2:0.1:0.5:0.1, respectively. The average molecular weight was 4.96 × 104 g/mol. In vitro antioxidant assays showed that the REPS possesses a DPPH radical scavenging ability of 43.60% at 5 mg/ml, reducing power of 1.108 at 10 mg/ml, and iron chelation activity of 72.49% and 89.78% at 5 mg/ml and 10 mg/ml, respectively. The healing efficacy of REPS on burn wound models in albino Wistar rats showed that REPS at 0.5% (w/w) concentration stimulated the process of healing in burn areas. The results suggested that REPS might be useful as a burn wound healing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A. Elmansy
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Institute of Biotechnology Research, National Research Centre, El-Tahreer Street, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Ebtsam M. Elkady
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Institute of Biotechnology Research, National Research Centre, El-Tahreer Street, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Mohsen S. Asker
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Institute of Biotechnology Research, National Research Centre, El-Tahreer Street, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Amr M. Abdou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Research Centre, El-Tahreer Street, Dokki, Cairo, 12622 Egypt
| | - Nagwa A. Abdallah
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa K. Amer
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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29
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Valverde S, Arcas A, López-Rayo S, Lucena JJ. Fast Determination of a Novel Iron Chelate Prototype Used as a Fertilizer by Liquid Chromatography Coupled to a Diode Array Detector. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:15746-15754. [PMID: 34908401 PMCID: PMC8719335 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The environmental risk of the application of synthetic chelates has favored the implementation of new biodegradable ligands to correct Fe-deficient plants. This study developed and validated an analytical method for determination of a new prototype iron chelate─Fe(III)-benzeneacetate, 2-hydroxy-α-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]─(BHH/Fe3+) based on liquid chromatography with diode array detection, as a potential sustainable alternative. Chromatographic analysis was performed on a LiChrospher RP-18 in reverse-phase mode, with a mobile phase consisting of a mixture of acetonitrile (solvent A) and sodium borate buffer 0.20 mM at pH = 8 (solvent B) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min in isocratic elution mode. This method was fully validated and found to be linear from the limit of quantification (LOQ) to 50 mg/L and precise (standard deviation below 5%). The proposed method was demonstrated to be selective, precise, and robust. The developed methodology indicated that it is suitable for the quantification of iron chelate BHH/Fe3+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Valverde
- . Website: micronutrientsinplants.com. Phone: +34-914-976518
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30
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Nimkarn N, Songdej D, Dumrongwongsiri O, Sirachainan N, Chuansumrit A. Age as a major factor associated with zinc and copper deficiencies in pediatric thalassemia. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 68:126817. [PMID: 34298330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with thalassemia encounter increased consumption of zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) from chronic hemolysis and increased excretion from iron chelation. Iron-enriched diet restriction may result in low Zn and Cu intakes. Recent data on Zn and Cu status among Thai pediatric patients with thalassemia are lacking. This study aimed to identify frequencies and determine risk factors of Zn and Cu deficiencies among patients with thalassemia. METHODS Patients with transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) receiving iron chelation ≥12 months and nonTDT (NTDT) aged 2-20 years were recruited. Serum Zn and Cu were measured. Dietary intakes were ascertained by interviews. RESULTS A total of 209 patients (TDT = 126, NTDT = 83) were enrolled. Zn deficiency seemed to be associated with disease severity as median (IQR) Zn level of TDT was lower than that of NTDT [77 (69-85) vs. 80 (72-88) mcg/dL, p = 0.05], while higher frequency of Zn deficiency was identified in the former (24 % vs. 14 %). In TDT, Zn deficiency was associated with patients >10 years (OR 4.6; 95 %CI 1.1-6.4, p = 0.03), which likely resulted from combined low dietary Zn intake, prolonged exposures to hemolysis and iron chelators. Frequencies of Cu deficiency were similarly low in TDT and NTDT (8% and 7%) with comparable median (IQR) Cu levels of 103 (90-124) and 110 (92-132) mcg/dL, respectively (p = 0.13). Cu levels were inversely associated with age (r=-0.65 and r=-0.62 in TDT and NTDT, respectively; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Compared with younger patients, Zn and Cu deficiencies were more common among patients with thalassemia >10 years. Age was a major factor associated with both Zn and Cu deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norrarath Nimkarn
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Duantida Songdej
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Oraporn Dumrongwongsiri
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nongnuch Sirachainan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ampaiwan Chuansumrit
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Liu Z, Simchick GA, Qiao J, Ashcraft MM, Cui S, Nagy T, Zhao Q, Xiong MP. Reactive Oxygen Species-Triggered Dissociation of a Polyrotaxane-Based Nanochelator for Enhanced Clearance of Systemic and Hepatic Iron. ACS Nano 2021; 15:419-433. [PMID: 33378155 PMCID: PMC8596504 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c01083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic blood transfusions are used to alleviate anemic symptoms in thalassemia and sickle cell anemia patients but can eventually result in iron overload (IO) and subsequently lead to severe oxidative stress in cells and tissues. Deferoxamine (DFO) is clinically approved to treat transfusional IO, but the use of the iron chelator is hindered by nonspecific toxicity and poor pharmacokinetic (PK) properties in humans, resulting in the need to administer the drug via long-term infusion regimens that can often lead to poor patient compliance. Herein, a nanochelator system that uses the characteristic IO physiological environment to dissociate was prepared through the incorporation of DFO and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-sensitive thioketal groups into an α-cyclodextrin-based polyrotaxane platform (rPR-DFO). ROS-induced dissociation of this nanochelator (ca. 10 nm) into constructs averaging 2 nm in diameter significantly increased urine and fecal elimination of excess iron in vivo. In addition to significantly improved PK properties, rPR-DFO was well-tolerated in mice and no adverse side effects were noted in single high dose or multiple dose acute toxicity studies. The overall features of rPR-DFO as a promising system for iron chelation therapy can be attributed to a combination of the nanochelator's improved PK, favorable distribution to the liver, and ROS-induced dissociation properties into constructs <6 nm for faster renal elimination. This ROS-responsive nanochelator design may serve as a promising alternative for safely prolonging the circulation of DFO and more rapidly eliminating iron chelates from the body in iron chelation therapy regimens requiring repeated dosing of nanochelators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Gregory A Simchick
- Bioimaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Jing Qiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Morgan M Ashcraft
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Shuolin Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Tamas Nagy
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Qun Zhao
- Bioimaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - May P Xiong
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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Ahile UJ, Wuana RA, Itodo AU, Sha'Ato R, Malvestiti JA, Dantas RF. Are iron chelates suitable to perform photo-Fenton at neutral pH for secondary effluent treatment? J Environ Manage 2021; 278:111566. [PMID: 33130405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There have been concerns about which iron chelate is most suitable for application in the photo-Fenton process as well as the fate of these chelates after application. In this study, five chelating agents, i.e. citric acid (CA), oxalic acid (OA), ethylenediamine disuccinic acid (EDDS), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), representing the most used iron chelates were assessed for suitability of application in homogeneous photo-Fenton-like process at pH of 7. The efficiency of the iron chelates were assessed in the disinfection of secondary effluent. The results for the disinfection and bacteria regrowth followed the order EDTA>OA>NTA>CA>OA. All the iron chelates were observed to have increased the COD of the effluent with EDDS having the highest COD contribution. The ability of the chelates to remove aromaticity was measured by the UV254 measurement. The efficiency of the chelates to remove aromaticity decreased in the order CA>EDDS>NTA>CA>OA. To determine the fate of the chelates, toxicity tests were conducted on the chelates before and after irradiation and the results revealed a decrease in toxicity after photoirradiation, implying the chelates were degraded and the products/intermediates produced were of less toxicity as compared to the parent compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ungwanen J Ahile
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Benue State University, P.M.B., 102119, Makurdi, Nigeria
| | - Raymond A Wuana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, PMB, 2373, Makurdi, Nigeria
| | - Adams U Itodo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, PMB, 2373, Makurdi, Nigeria
| | - Rufus Sha'Ato
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, PMB, 2373, Makurdi, Nigeria
| | - Jacqueline A Malvestiti
- School of Technology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Paschoal Marmo 1888, 13484332, Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Renato F Dantas
- School of Technology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Paschoal Marmo 1888, 13484332, Limeira, SP, Brazil.
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Mukosera GT, Liu T, Manaen M, Zhu L, Power G, Schroeder H, Blood AB. Deferoxamine produces nitric oxide under ferricyanide oxidation, blood incubation, and UV-irradiation. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 160:458-470. [PMID: 32828952 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Deferoxamine (DFO), an iron chelator, is used therapeutically for the removal of excess iron in multiple clinical conditions such as beta thalassemia and intracerebral hemorrhage. DFO is also used as an iron chelator and hypoxia-mimetic agent in in vivo and in vitro basic research. Here we unexpectedly discover DFO to be a nitric oxide (NO) precursor in experiments where it was intended to act as an iron chelator. Production of NO from aqueous solutions of DFO was directly observed by ozone-based chemiluminescence using a ferricyanide-based assay and was confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). DFO also produced NO following exposure to ultraviolet light, and its incubation with sheep adult and fetal blood resulted in considerable formation of iron nitrosyl hemoglobin, as confirmed by both visible spectroscopy and EPR. These results suggest that experiments using DFO can be confounded by concomitant production of NO, and offer new insight into some of DFO's unexplained clinical side effects such as hypotension.
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Affiliation(s)
- George T Mukosera
- Lawrence D Longo Center for Perinatal Biology and Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University, 11175 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Taiming Liu
- Lawrence D Longo Center for Perinatal Biology and Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University, 11175 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Meshach Manaen
- Lawrence D Longo Center for Perinatal Biology and Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University, 11175 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Lingchao Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside 501 Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Gordon Power
- Lawrence D Longo Center for Perinatal Biology and Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University, 11175 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Hobe Schroeder
- Lawrence D Longo Center for Perinatal Biology and Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University, 11175 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Arlin B Blood
- Lawrence D Longo Center for Perinatal Biology and Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University, 11175 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
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Ghio AJ, Soukup JM, Dailey LA, Madden MC. Air pollutants disrupt iron homeostasis to impact oxidant generation, biological effects, and tissue injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 151:38-55. [PMID: 32092410 PMCID: PMC8274387 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Air pollutants cause changes in iron homeostasis through: 1) a capacity of the pollutant, or a metabolite(s), to complex/chelate iron from pivotal sites in the cell or 2) an ability of the pollutant to displace iron from pivotal sites in the cell. Through either pathway of disruption in iron homeostasis, metal previously employed in essential cell processes is sequestered after air pollutant exposure. An absolute or functional cell iron deficiency results. If enough iron is lost or is otherwise not available within the cell, cell death ensues. However, prior to death, exposed cells will attempt to reverse the loss of requisite metal. This response of the cell includes increased expression of metal importers (e.g. divalent metal transporter 1). Oxidant generation after exposure to air pollutants includes superoxide production which functions in ferrireduction necessary for cell iron import. Activation of kinases and phosphatases and transcription factors and increased release of pro-inflammatory mediators also result from a cell iron deficiency, absolute or functional, after exposure to air pollutants. Finally, air pollutant exposure culminates in the development of inflammation and fibrosis which is a tissue response to the iron deficiency challenging cell survival. Following the response of increased expression of importers and ferrireduction, activation of kinases and phosphatases and transcription factors, release of pro-inflammatory mediators, and inflammation and fibrosis, cell iron is altered, and a new metal homeostasis is established. This new metal homeostasis includes increased total iron concentrations in cells with metal now at levels sufficient to meet requirements for continued function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Ghio
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Joleen M Soukup
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lisa A Dailey
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael C Madden
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Cicchillo RM, Beeson WT, McCaskill DG, Shan G, Herman RA, Walsh TA. Identification of iron-chelating phenolics contributing to seed coat coloration in soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) expressing aryloxyalkanoate dioxygenase-12. Phytochemistry 2020; 172:112279. [PMID: 31999963 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) genetically modified to express aryloxyalkanoate dioxygenase-12 (AAD-12), an enzyme that confers resistance to the herbicide 2,4-D, can sometimes exhibit a darker seed coat coloration than equivalent unmodified soybeans. The biochemical basis for this coloration was investigated in a non-commercial transgenic event, DAS-411Ø4-7 that exhibited more pronounced AAD-12-associated seed coat coloration than the commercial event, DAS-444Ø6-6. Analysis of color-enriched seed coat fractions from DAS-411Ø4-7 showed that the color was due to localized accumulation of iron-chelating phenolics, particularly the isoflavone genistin, that are associated with seed coat pectic polysaccharide and produce a brown chromophore. The association between genistin, iron, and pectic polysaccharide was characterized using a variety of analytical methods. Darker seeds from commercial soybean event DAS-444Ø6-6 also show higher genistin content localized to the darker colored portions of the seed coat (with no increase in whole seed genistin levels).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Guomin Shan
- Corteva Agriscience, Indianapolis, IN, 46268, United States
| | - Rod A Herman
- Corteva Agriscience, Indianapolis, IN, 46268, United States
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Giri AS, Golder AK. Ciprofloxacin degradation in photo-Fenton and photo-catalytic processes: Degradation mechanisms and iron chelation. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 80:82-92. [PMID: 30952355 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ciprofloxacin (CIP) is a broad spectrum synthetic antibiotic drug of fluoroquinolones class. CIP can act as a bidentate ligand forming iron complexes during its degradation in the photo-Fenton process (PFP). This work investigates on PFP for the degradation of CIP to understand the formation mechanism and stability of iron complexes under ultraviolet (UV)-light illumination. A comparison was made with the UV-photocatalysis (UV/TiO2) process where CIP doesn't form a complex. In PFP, the optimal dose of Fe2+ and H2O2 were found to be 1.25 and 10 mmol/L with pH of 3.5. An optimal TiO2 dose of 1.25 g/L was determined in the UV/TiO2 process. Maximum CIP removal and mineralization efficiency of 93.1% and 47.3% were obtained in PFP against 69.7% and 27.6% in the UV/TiO2 process. The mass spectra could identify seventeen intermediate products including iron-CIP complexes in PFP, and only seven intermediate products were found in the UV/TiO2 process with a majority of common products in both the processes. The proposed mechanism supported by the mass spectra bridged the routes of CIP cleavage in the PFP and UV/TiO2 process, and the decomposition pathway of Fe3+-CIP chelate complexes in PFP was also elucidated. Both in PFP and UV/TiO2 processes, the target site of HO• radical attack was the secondary-N atom present in the piperazine ring of the CIP molecule. The death of Escherichia coli bacteria was 55.7% and 66.8% in comparison to the control media after 45 min of treatment in PFP and UV/TiO2 process, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardhendu Sekhar Giri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, MP, 462066, India
| | - Animes Kumar Golder
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
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38
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Gumienna-Kontecka E, Carver PL. Building a Trojan Horse: Siderophore-Drug Conjugates for the Treatment of Infectious Diseases. Met Ions Life Sci 2019; 19:/books/9783110527872/9783110527872-013/9783110527872-013.xml. [PMID: 30855108 DOI: 10.1515/9783110527872-013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a major global health problem, and novel approaches to solving this crisis are urgently required. The 'Trojan Horse' approach to solving this problem capitalizes on the innate need for iron by pathogens. Siderophores are low-molecular-weight iron chelators secreted extracellularly by pathogens to scavenge iron. Once bound to iron, the iron-siderophore complex returns to the pathogen to deliver its iron treasure. "Smuggling" antimicrobials into the pathogen is accomplished by linking them to siderophores for transport. While simple in concept, it has taken many decades of work to accomplish the difficult hurdle of transporting antimicrobials across the cell membranes of pathogens. This review discusses information learned about siderophore structure, production, and transport, and lessons learned from the successes and failures of siderophore-conjugate drugs evaluated during the development of novel agents using the 'Trojan horse' approach.
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Miao X, Ma Y, Chen Z, Gong H. Oxidative degradation stability and hydrogen sulfide removal performance of dual-ligand iron chelate of Fe-EDTA/CA. Environ Technol 2018; 39:3006-3012. [PMID: 28828927 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1371249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic oxidation desulfurization using chelated iron catalyst is an effective method to remove H2S from various gas streams including biogas. However, the ligand of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), which is usually adopted to prepare chelated iron catalyst, is liable to be oxidative degraded, and leads to the loss of desulfurization performance. In order to improve the degradation stability of the iron chelate, a series of iron chelates composed of two ligands including citric acid (CA) and EDTA were prepared and the oxidative degradation stability as well as desulfurization performance of these chelated iron catalysts were studied. Results show that the iron chelate of Fe-CA is more stable than Fe-EDTA, while for the desulfurization performance, the situation is converse. For the dual-ligand iron chelates of Fe-EDTA/CA, with the increase of mol ratio of CA to EDTA in the iron chelate solution, the oxidative degradation stability increased while the desulfurization performance decreased. The results of this work showed that Fe-EDTA/CA with a mol ratio of CA:EDTA = 1:1 presents a relative high oxidative degradation stability and an acceptable desulfurization performance with over 90% of H2S removal efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmei Miao
- a State Key Lab of Pollution Control and Resource , School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Yiwen Ma
- a State Key Lab of Pollution Control and Resource , School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Zezhi Chen
- a State Key Lab of Pollution Control and Resource , School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Huijuan Gong
- b Center of Materials Analysis , Nanjing University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
- c Jiangsu Key Lab of Vehicle Emission Control , Nanjing University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
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Aggarwal M, Mirgh S. Hepatic and Cardiac Iron Overload - Revising the Role of Deferiprone. Indian Pediatr 2018; 55:557-558. [PMID: 30129534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mukul Aggarwal
- Department of Hematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Sumeet Mirgh
- Department of Hematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Zhang W, Li X, Hua F, Chen W, Wang W, Chu GX, Bao GH. Interaction between Ester-Type Tea Catechins and Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin: Inhibitory Mechanism. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:1147-1156. [PMID: 29355013 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Tea is thought to alleviate neurotoxicity due to the antioxidative effect of ester-type tea catechins (ETC). Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) can sensitize β-amyloid (Aβ) induced neurotoxicity, and inhibitors of NGAL may relieve associated symptoms. As such, the interactions of ETC with NGAL were investigated by fluorescence spectrometry and molecular simulation. NGAL fluorescence is quenched regularly when being added with six processing types of tea infusion (SPTT) and ETC. Thermodynamic analyses suggest that ETC with more catechol moieties has a stronger binding capacity with NGAL especially in the presence of Fe3+. (-)-Epicatechin 3-O-caffeoate (ECC), a natural product isolated from Zijuan green tea, shows the strongest binding ability with NGAL (Kd = 15.21 ± 8.68 nM in the presence of Fe3+). All ETC are effective in protecting nerve cells against H2O2 or Aβ1-42 induced injury. The inhibitory mechanism of ETC against NGAL supports its potential use in attenuation of neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Lab of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, 230036 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Li
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Lab of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, 230036 People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Hua
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Lab of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, 230036 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, 230026 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Lab of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, 230036 People's Republic of China
| | - Gang-Xiu Chu
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Lab of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, 230036 People's Republic of China
| | - Guan-Hu Bao
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Lab of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, 230036 People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient for human growth and health. Organic iron is an excellent iron supplement due to its bioavailability. Both amino acids and peptides improve iron bioavailability and absorption and are therefore valuable components of iron supplements. This review focuses on protein hydrolysates as potential promoters of iron absorption. The ability of protein hydrolysates to chelate iron is thought to be a key attribute for the promotion of iron absorption. Iron-chelatable protein hydrolysates are categorized by their absorption forms: amino acids, di- and tri-peptides and polypeptides. Their structural characteristics, including their size and amino acid sequence, as well as the presence of special amino acids, influence their iron chelation abilities and bioavailabilities. Protein hydrolysates promote iron absorption by keeping iron soluble, reducing ferric iron to ferrous iron, and promoting transport across cell membranes into the gut. We also discuss the use and relative merits of protein hydrolysates as iron supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Han Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Guangrong Huang
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
- Key Lab of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310018, China.
- National and Local United Engineering Lab of Quality Controlling Technology and Instrument for Marine Food, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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de Montalembert M, Ribeil JA, Brousse V, Guerci-Bresler A, Stamatoullas A, Vannier JP, Dumesnil C, Lahary A, Touati M, Bouabdallah K, Cavazzana M, Chauzit E, Baptiste A, Lefebvre T, Puy H, Elie C, Karim Z, Ernst O, Rose C. Cardiac iron overload in chronically transfused patients with thalassemia, sickle cell anemia, or myelodysplastic syndrome. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172147. [PMID: 28257476 PMCID: PMC5336214 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The risk and clinical significance of cardiac iron overload due to chronic transfusion varies with the underlying disease. Cardiac iron overload shortens the life expectancy of patients with thalassemia, whereas its effect is unclear in those with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). In patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA), iron does not seem to deposit quickly in the heart. Our primary objective was to assess through a multicentric study the prevalence of cardiac iron overload, defined as a cardiovascular magnetic resonance T2*<20 ms, in patients with thalassemia, SCA, or MDS. Patient inclusion criteria were an accurate record of erythrocyte concentrates (ECs) received, a transfusion history >8 ECs in the past year, and age older than 6 years. We included from 9 centers 20 patients with thalassemia, 41 with SCA, and 25 with MDS in 2012-2014. Erythrocytapharesis did not consistently prevent iron overload in patients with SCA. Cardiac iron overload was found in 3 (15%) patients with thalassemia, none with SCA, and 4 (16%) with MDS. The liver iron content (LIC) ranged from 10.4 to 15.2 mg/g dry weight, with no significant differences across groups (P = 0.29). Abnormal T2* was not significantly associated with any of the measures of transfusion or chelation. Ferritin levels showed a strong association with LIC. Non-transferrin-bound iron was high in the thalassemia and MDS groups but low in the SCA group (P<0.001). Hepcidin was low in thalassemia, normal in SCA, and markedly elevated in MDS (P<0.001). Two mechanisms may explain that iron deposition largely spares the heart in SCA: the high level of erythropoiesis recycles the iron and the chronic inflammation retains iron within the macrophages. Thalassemia, in contrast, is characterized by inefficient erythropoiesis, unable to handle free iron. Iron accumulation varies widely in MDS syndromes due to the competing influences of abnormal erythropoiesis, excess iron supply, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane de Montalembert
- Pediatrics Department, Necker Children’s Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Jean-Antoine Ribeil
- Biotherapy Department, Necker Children’s Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Valentine Brousse
- Pediatrics Department, Necker Children’s Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Agnes Guerci-Bresler
- Hematology Department, Hôpital d’Adultes du Brabois, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | | | - Jean-Pierre Vannier
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Unit, Hôpital Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France
| | - Cécile Dumesnil
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Unit, Hôpital Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France
| | - Agnès Lahary
- Department of Biochemistry, Hôpital Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France
| | - Mohamed Touati
- Service d’Hématologie Clinique et de Thérapie Cellulaire, CHU, Limoges, France
| | | | - Marina Cavazzana
- Biotherapy Department, Necker Children’s Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Human Lymphopoiesis, Paris France
| | - Emmanuelle Chauzit
- Département de Pharmacologie clinique et toxicologique, CHU, Bordeaux, France
| | - Amandine Baptiste
- Paris Descartes Clinical Research Unit, Necker Children’s Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Thibaud Lefebvre
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR 1149/ERL. CNRS 8252, Centre de Recherche sur l’inflammation, Paris, France
- French center for Porphyria, Louis Mourier Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Colombes, France
| | - Hervé Puy
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR 1149/ERL. CNRS 8252, Centre de Recherche sur l’inflammation, Paris, France
- French center for Porphyria, Louis Mourier Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Colombes, France
| | - Caroline Elie
- Paris Descartes Clinical Research Unit, Necker Children’s Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Zoubida Karim
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR 1149/ERL. CNRS 8252, Centre de Recherche sur l’inflammation, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Ernst
- Radiology Department, Hopital Huriez, CHRU, Lille, France
| | - Christian Rose
- Hématologie clinique, Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul, Université Catholique de Lille, Lille, France
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Liu Y, Wang Z, Li H, Liang M, Yang L. In vitro antioxidant activity of rice protein affected by alkaline degree and gastrointestinal protease digestion. J Sci Food Agric 2016; 96:4940-4950. [PMID: 27376465 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To elucidate whether and how alkali treatment, which is a common process for rice protein (RP) extraction, affects antioxidant activity of RP, the different degree of alkali (from 0.1% to 0.4% of NaOH) was used to extract RP (RP-1, RP-2, RP-3, RP-4). RESULTS The antioxidant capacities of scavenging free radicals [2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid] diammonium salt, ABTS; 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH), chelating metals (iron, copper) and reducing power investigated in the hydrolysates of RPs (RP-1, RP-2, RP-3, RP-4) during in vitro pepsin-pancreatin digestion were effectively affected by alkali treatment. The present study demonstrated that the weakest antioxidant responses to ABTS radical-scavenging activity, DPPH radical-scavenging activity, iron chelating activity, copper chelating activity and reducing power were produced by RP-4 extracted by the highest alkali proportion (0.4% NaOH). CONCULSION The present study indicates that antioxidant capacity of RP could be more readily depressed by strict alkali degree and affected by gastrointestinal proteases. Results suggest that alkali extraction is a vital process to regulate the antioxidant activity of RP through modifying the compositions of amino acids, which are dependent on alkali magnitude. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Zhengxuan Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Mingcai Liang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin, 150090, China.
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Subramanian G, Madras G. Introducing saccharic acid as an efficient iron chelate to enhance photo-Fenton degradation of organic contaminants. Water Res 2016; 104:168-177. [PMID: 27522633 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The identification of iron chelates that can enhance photo-Fenton degradation is of great interest in the field of advanced oxidation process. Saccharic acid (SA) is a polyhydroxy carboxylic acid and completely non-toxic. Importantly, it can effectively bind Fe(III) as well as induce photoreduction of Fe(III). Despite having these interesting properties, the effect of SA on photo-Fenton degradation has not been studied. Herein, we demonstrate the first assessment of SA as an iron chelate in photo-Fenton process using methylene blue (MB) as a model organic contaminant. Our results demonstrate that SA has the ability to (i) enhance the photo-Fenton degradation of MB by about 11 times at pH 4.5 (ii) intensify photochemical reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II) by about 17 times and (iii) accelerate the rate of consumption of H2O2 in photo-Fenton process by about 5 times (iv) increase the TOC reduction by about 2 times and (v) improve the photo-Fenton degradation of MB in the presence of a variety of common inorganic ions and organic matter. The influential properties of SA on photo-Fenton degradation is attributed to the efficient photochemical reduction of Fe(III) via LMCT (ligand to metal charge transfer reaction) to Fe(II), which then activated H2O2 to generate OH and accelerated photo-Fenton degradation efficiency. Moreover, the effect of operational parameters such as oxidant: contaminant (H2O2: MB) ratio, catalyst: contaminant (Fe(III)SA: MB) ratio, Fe(III): SA stoichiometry and pH on the degradation of MB by photo-Fenton in the presence of SA is demonstrated. Importantly, SA assisted photo-Fenton caused effective degradation of MB and 4-Chlorophenol under natural sunlight irradiation in natural water matrix. The findings strongly support SA as a deserving iron chelate to enhance photo-Fenton degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giridhar Madras
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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Abstract
Chelation therapy is frequently used to help reduce excess iron in the body, but current chelators such as deferoxamine (DFO) are plagued by short blood circulation times, which necessitates infusions and can cause undesirable toxic side effects in patients. To address these issues, polyrotaxanes (PR) were synthesized by threading α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) onto poly(ethylene glycol) bis(amine) (PEG-BA, MW 3400 g/mol) capped with enzymatically cleavable bulky Z-L phenylalanine (Z-L Phe) moieties. The resulting PR was conjugated to DFO and hydroxypropylated to generate the final polyrotaxane-DFO (hPR-DFO). The iron chelating capability of hPR-DFO was verified by UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and the ability of materials to degrade into smaller CD-conjugated DFO fragments (hCD-DFO) in the presence of the protease was confirmed via gel permeation chromatography. In vitro studies in iron-overloaded macrophages reveal that hPR-DFO can significantly reduce the cytotoxicity of the drug while maintaining its chelation efficacy, and that it is more rapidly endocytosed and trafficked to lysosomes of iron-overloaded cells in comparison to non-iron-overloaded macrophages. In vivo studies indicate that iron-overloaded mice treated with hPR-DFO displayed lower serum ferritin levels (a measure of iron burden in the body) and could eliminate excess iron by both the renal and fecal routes. Moreover, there was no gross evidence of acute toxicological damage to the liver or spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2352, USA
| | - Tien-min Lin
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53705-2222, USA
| | - Max Purro
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2352, USA
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53705-2222, USA
| | - May P. Xiong
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2352, USA
- Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to May P. Xiong.
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Vinatier V, Wirgot N, Joly M, Sancelme M, Abrantes M, Deguillaume L, Delort AM. Siderophores in Cloud Waters and Potential Impact on Atmospheric Chemistry: Production by Microorganisms Isolated at the Puy de Dôme Station. Environ Sci Technol 2016; 50:9315-9323. [PMID: 27479540 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b02335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A total of 450 bacteria and yeast strains isolated from cloud waters sampled at the puy de Dôme station in France (1465 m) were screened for their ability to produce siderophores. To achieve this, a high-throughput method in 96-well plates was adapted from the CAS (chrome azurol S) method. Notably, 42% of the isolates were siderophore producers. This production was examined according to the phyla of the tested strains and the type of chelating functional groups (i.e., hydroxamate, catechol, and mixed type). The most active bacteria in the clouds belong to the γ-Proteobacteria class, among which the Pseudomonas genus is the most frequently encountered. γ-Proteobacteria are produced in the majority of mixed function siderophores, such as pyoverdines, which bear a photoactive group. Finally, siderophore production was shown to vary with the origin of the air masses. The organic speciation of iron remains largely unknown in warm clouds. Our results suggest that siderophores could partly chelate Fe(III) in cloud waters and thus potentially impact the chemistry of the atmospheric aqueous phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Vinatier
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal , BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CNRS, UMR 6296, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF) , F-63171 Aubiere, France
| | - Nolwenn Wirgot
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal , BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CNRS, UMR 6296, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF) , F-63171 Aubiere, France
| | - Muriel Joly
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal , BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CNRS, UMR 6296, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF) , F-63171 Aubiere, France
- L'Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique, Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal , BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CNRS, UMR 6016, L'Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP/OPGC) , BP80026, F-63177 Aubière, France
| | - Martine Sancelme
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal , BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CNRS, UMR 6296, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF) , F-63171 Aubiere, France
| | - Magali Abrantes
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal , BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CNRS, UMR 6296, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF) , F-63171 Aubiere, France
| | - Laurent Deguillaume
- L'Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique, Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal , BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CNRS, UMR 6016, L'Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP/OPGC) , BP80026, F-63177 Aubière, France
| | - Anne-Marie Delort
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal , BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CNRS, UMR 6296, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF) , F-63171 Aubiere, France
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Liu J, Wang X, Zhao Z. Effect of whey protein hydrolysates with different molecular weight on fatigue induced by swimming exercise in mice. J Sci Food Agric 2014; 94:126-130. [PMID: 23653310 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to improve the antioxidant and anti-fatigue capacities of whey protein for wider utilization, it was hydrolyzed by chymotrypsin (EC 3.4.21.1) to produce whey protein hydrolysate (WPH). Fractions of WPH with different molecular weight (MW) were separated by ultrafiltration. Kunming mice in various treatment groups were orally administered (1.5 g kg(-1) body weight) whey protein isolate (WPI), WPH or WPHs with different MW (<5, 5-10, 10-30 or >30 kDa) for 6 weeks to explore whether different MW fractions of WPH affected mice fatigue. RESULTS Compared with the control group (orally administered 9 g kg(-1) saline) or the WPI group, low-MW (<10 kDa) WPH groups showed prolonged swimming time (P < 0.05) and had higher concentrations (P < 0.05) of glucose, non-esterfied fatty acid, liver glycogen, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and lower concentration of lactate. Low-MW (<10 kDa) WPHs had higher hydroxyl- and α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl-scavenging abilities and ferrous-chelating capacity than WPI. CONCLUSION The results proved that low-MW (<10 kDa) WPHs with higher anti-fatigue capacity showed higher free radical-scavenging and ferrous-chelating activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, 300457, Tianjin, China; College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Hebei University of Economics and Business, Shi Jiazhuang, China
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Li X, Luo Y, Shen H, You J. Antioxidant activities and functional properties of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) protein hydrolysates. J Sci Food Agric 2012; 92:292-298. [PMID: 21842524 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Revised: 06/19/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grass carp, with an annual production exceeding 4 × 10(6) t in China in 2009, has not been developed into a high-value product. In this study the antioxidant activities and functional properties of grass carp protein hydrolysates prepared with Alcalase 2.4L (HA) and papain (HP) were investigated. The hydrolysate with strongest radical-scavenging activity and reducing power was assessed further for changes in its antioxidant activity during simulated gastrointestinal digestion. RESULTS As the degree of hydrolysis (DH) increased, the metal-chelating activity of both HA and HP increased while their reducing power and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH(•) )-scavenging activity decreased (P < 0.05). At the same DH, HP possessed higher DPPH(•) -scavenging activity and reducing power than HA (P < 0.05). The metal-chelating activity of HP with 10% DH was significantly increased after in vitro gastrointestinal metabolism (P < 0.05). Regarding their functional properties, all hydrolysates were more than 81% soluble over a wide range of pH (3-8). At the same DH, HP showed higher emulsion activity index but lower solubility and foaming capacity than HA. CONCLUSION Grass carp protein hydrolysates showed high solubility over a wide pH range and could be used as natural antioxidants in food systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Animal Product, Beijing 100083, China
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