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Anane J, Owusu E, Rivera G, Bandyopadhyay D. Iron-Imine Cocktail in Drug Development: A Contemporary Update. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2263. [PMID: 38396940 PMCID: PMC10888693 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Organometallic drug development is still in its early stage, but recent studies show that organometallics having iron as the central atom have the possibility of becoming good drug candidates because iron is an important micro-nutrient, and it is compatible with many biological systems, including the human body. Being an eco-friendly Lewis acid, iron can accept the lone pair of electrons from imino(sp2)-nitrogen, and the resultant iron-imine complexes with iron as a central atom have the possibility of interacting with several proteins and enzymes in humans. Iron-imine complexes have demonstrated significant potential with anticancer, bactericidal, fungicidal, and other medicinal activities in recent years. This article systematically discusses major synthetic methods and pharmacological potentials of iron-imine complexes having in vitro activity to significant clinical performance from 2016 to date. In a nutshell, this manuscript offers a simplistic view of iron complexes in medicinal inorganic chemistry: for instance, iron is presented as an "eco-friendly non-toxic" metal (as opposed to platinum) that will lead to non-toxic pharmaceuticals. The abundant literature on iron chelators shows that many iron complexes, particularly if redox-active in cells, can be quite cytotoxic, which can be beneficial for future targeted therapies. While we made every effort to include all the related papers, any omission is purely unintentional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Anane
- School of Integrative Biological and Chemical Sciences (SIBCS), University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA; (J.A.); (E.O.)
| | - Esther Owusu
- School of Integrative Biological and Chemical Sciences (SIBCS), University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA; (J.A.); (E.O.)
| | - Gildardo Rivera
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico;
| | - Debasish Bandyopadhyay
- School of Integrative Biological and Chemical Sciences (SIBCS), University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA; (J.A.); (E.O.)
- School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences (SEEMS), University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA
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El‐Shwiniy WH, Gamil MA, Sadeek SA, Zordok WA, El‐Telbany M, El‐farargy AF, El‐Attar MS. Structural Characterization and Antimicrobial Studies of Some New Mixed Ligand Complexes of Lomefloxacin and 3‐(Bromoacetyl)coumarin with Some Metals. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Walaa H. El‐Shwiniy
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Zagazig University Zagazig 44519 Egypt
- Department of Chemistry College of Science University of Bisha Bisha 61922 Saudi Arabia
| | - Manar A. Gamil
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Zagazig University Zagazig 44519 Egypt
| | - Sadeek A. Sadeek
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Zagazig University Zagazig 44519 Egypt
| | - Wael A. Zordok
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Zagazig University Zagazig 44519 Egypt
| | - Mohamed El‐Telbany
- Department of Microbiology Faculty of Science Zagazig University Zagazig 44519 Egypt
| | - Ahmed F. El‐farargy
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Zagazig University Zagazig 44519 Egypt
| | - Mohamed S. El‐Attar
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Zagazig University Zagazig 44519 Egypt
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Melhi S, Bedair MA, Alosaimi EH, Younes AAO, El-Shwiniy WH, Abuelela AM. Effective corrosion inhibition of mild steel in hydrochloric acid by newly synthesized Schiff base nano Co( ii) and Cr( iii) complexes: spectral, thermal, electrochemical and DFT (FMO, NBO) studies. RSC Adv 2022; 12:32488-32507. [PMID: 36425733 PMCID: PMC9661184 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06571a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new cobalt(ii) and chromium(iii) complexes were synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, 1HNMR, UV, elemental analysis, TGA, conductivity, XRD, SEM, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Structural analysis revealed a bi-dentate chelation and octahedral geometry for the synthesized complexes. The optical band gap of the Co(ii)-L and Cr(iii)-L complexes was found to be 3.00 and 3.25 eV, respectively revealing semiconducting properties. The X-ray diffraction patterns showed nano-crystalline particles for the obtained complexes. In addition, the synthesized metal complexes were examined as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in HCl solution. The electrochemical investigations showed a maximum inhibition efficiency of 96.60% for Co(ii)-L and 95.45% for Cr(iii)-L where both complexes acted as mixed-type inhibitors. Frontier Molecular orbital (FMO) and Natural bond orbital (NBO) computations showed good tendency of the ligand to donate electrons to the metal through nitrogen atoms while the resultant complexes tended to donate electrons to mild steel more effectively through oxygen atoms and phenyl groups. A comparison between experimental and theoretical findings was considered through the discussion. Two Co(ii) and Cr(iii) complexes were synthesized, characterized and examined as corrosion inhibitors. The electrochemical data showed high inhibition efficiencies with mixed-type behavior. FMO and NBO were considered for the computational analysis.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Melhi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bisha, P.O. Box 511, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A. Bedair
- College of Science and Arts, University of Bisha, P.O. Box 101, Al-Namas 61977, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Men's Campus), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eid H. Alosaimi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bisha, P.O. Box 511, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman A. O. Younes
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bisha, P.O. Box 511, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walaa H. El-Shwiniy
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bisha, P.O. Box 511, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Abuelela
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Men's Campus), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Cairo, Egypt
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