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Li X, Golz C, Alcarazo M. α-Diazo Sulfonium Triflates: Synthesis, Structure, and Application to the Synthesis of 1-(Dialkylamino)-1,2,3-triazoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:6943-6948. [PMID: 33351262 PMCID: PMC8048477 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The one-pot synthesis of a series of sulfonium salts containing transferable diazomethyl groups is described, and the structure of these compounds is elucidated by X-ray crystallography. Under photochemical conditions, reaction of these salts with N,N-dialkyl hydrazones affords 1-(dialkylamino)-1,2,3-triazoles via diazomethyl radical addition to the azomethine carbon followed by intramolecular ring closure. The straightforward transformation of the structures thus obtained into mesoionic carbene-metal complexes is also reported and the donor properties of these new ligands characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Li
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstr. 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Christopher Golz
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstr. 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Manuel Alcarazo
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstr. 237077GöttingenGermany
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Li X, Golz C, Alcarazo M. α‐Diazo Sulfonium Triflates: Synthesis, Structure, and Application to the Synthesis of 1‐(Dialkylamino)‐1,2,3‐triazoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Li
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstr. 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Christopher Golz
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstr. 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Manuel Alcarazo
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstr. 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
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Hawsawi M, Pirrone MG, Wickramasinghe A, Crich D. Use of hydroxylamines, hydroxamic acids, oximes and amines as nucleophiles in the Zbiral oxidative deamination of N-acetyl neuraminic acid. Isolation and characterization of novel mono- and disubstitution products. Carbohydr Res 2020; 490:107921. [PMID: 32171977 PMCID: PMC7250565 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.107921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The oxidative deamination of N-nitroso N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc) derivatives is a useful reaction for the formation of 5-desamino-5-hydroxy NeuAc derivatives and their stereoisomers. We demonstrated previously that replacement of the classical nucleophile in these reactions, acetic acid, by phenols resulted in a novel double displacement process with substitution of the acetoxy group at the 4-position taking place in addition to that of the 5-acetamido group, for which we postulated a mechanism centered on the formation of a highly reactive vinyl diazonium ion. We now extend these studies to encompass the use of hydroxylamine-based systems and weakly basic amines as nucleophile. We find that the nature of the product depends significantly on the pKa of the nucleophile, with the more acidic species typically affording only substitution at the 5-position, while the less acidic species give mixtures of elimination products and disubstitution products. The use of aniline as nucleophile is of particular note as it affords a novel aziridine spanning positions 4- and 5- of the neuraminic acid skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Hawsawi
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Michael G Pirrone
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, 250 West Green Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Anura Wickramasinghe
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, 250 West Green Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - David Crich
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, 250 West Green Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 140 Cedar Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA; Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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Hawsawi M, Wickramasinghe A, Crich D. Use of Phenols as Nucleophiles in the Zbiral Oxidative Deamination of N-Acetyl Neuraminic Acid: Isolation and Characterization of Tricyclic 3-Keto-2-deoxy-nonulosonic Acid (KDN) Derivatives via an Intermediate Vinyl Diazonium Ion. J Org Chem 2019; 84:14688-14700. [PMID: 31608634 PMCID: PMC6858517 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that the N-nitrosoamide derived from peracetylated derivatives of N-acetyl neuraminic acid on treatment with a mixture of sodium isopropoxide and trifluoroethanol, followed by the addition of acetic acid, gives an oxidative deamination product, in which the AcN(NO)-C5 bond is replaced with a AcO-C5 bond with the retention of configuration, affording a practical synthesis of 2-keto-3-deoxy-d-glycero-d-galactononulosonic acid (KDN) derivatives. Application of other strong acids, including hydrogen fluoride, thioacetic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, and hydrogen azide, functions similarly to afford KDN derivatives functionalized at the 5-position. We describe our attempts to extend the range of useful nucleophiles employed in this oxidative deamination process to include phenols and thiophenols, resulting in the discovery of a new branch of the general reaction and the formation of a series of products resulting from substitution of the 5-acetamido group and of the 4-acetoxy group from neuraminic acid. A mechanistic rationale for the formation of these products is advanced according to which, in the absence of acids of pKa ≤ 8, the intermediate diazonium ion resulting from the elimination of acetic acid and nitrogen from the nitrosoacetamide undergoes elimination of acetic acid from the 4-position to afford a highly electrophilic alkenediazonium ion. Reversible conjugate addition of the nucleophile to the 4-position then initiates the reaction cascade leading to the ultimate products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Hawsawi
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Anura Wickramasinghe
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences , University of Georgia , 250 West Green Street , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
| | - David Crich
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences , University of Georgia , 250 West Green Street , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , University of Georgia , 140 Cedar Street , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center , University of Georgia , 315 Riverbend Road , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
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Saalfrank RW, Maid H. Roots: From carbenes to allenes and coordination polymers : Ever present never twice the same. Chem Commun (Camb) 2005:5953-67. [PMID: 16333495 DOI: 10.1039/b510062n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this Feature Article is to demonstrate that recognizing the similarities in different areas of chemistry allows the prediction of potential results in related fields. For instance, during our investigations of 2,2-diethoxyvinylidene-triphenylphosphorane we became interested in 2,2-diethoxydiazoethene. In order to obtain diazoethenes, we studied vinyl-diazonium salts and geminal vinyl-diazides as precursors. In the course of these investigations, we realized their synthetic potential to produce, via substituent-dependent 1,5-, 3,5-, or 1,5'-cyclization, a whole variety of heterocycles. However, more importantly, we became familiar with the chemistry of carbenes, which prompted an investigation of the carbene-like character of push-pull substituted allenes. Due to the ambiphilicity of their central carbon atom, they readily dimerized. Consequently, our strong interests in push-pull substituted allenes drew our attention to tetradonor substituted allenes, and as a result, we employed tetraethoxyallene as a synthetic equivalent to the fictitious malonic ester 1,1-/1,3-dianion synthon. This concept led to the synthesis of heterocumulenes and to the transallenation reaction to give allenecarboxanilides, which was further developed as a cumuhomologation for the synthesis of butatrienes via haloallenes from propargyl alcohols. The Diels-Alder reaction and intramolecular domino cyclization of multi-functional allenecarboxanilides yielded complex fused heteroarenes. Finally, the 1,5-cyclization of vinyl-azides, reported earlier, provided tetrazolylidene ligands, triggering our interest in supramolecular coordination chemistry, for example, the synthesis of one-, two- and three-dimensional coordination polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf W Saalfrank
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 42 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
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Saalfrank RW, Ackermann E, Fischer M, Wirth U. Geminale Vinyldiazide, IV1) Substituentenabhängige Konkurrenz zwischen 1,5- und 3,5-Cyclisierung bei Vinylaziden; 1,2,3-Triazole und 2H-Azirine aus 3,3-Diazido-2-cyanacrylsäure-methylester und Aminen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19871201211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Saalfrank RW, Weiß B, Peters K, von Schnering HG. Synthesen mit Alkendiazoniumsalzen, V. Synthese und Struktur von 1,3,4-Oxadiazolen, 6H-1,3,4-Oxadiazinen und 5,6-Dihydro-4H-1,3,4-oxadiazinen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19851181015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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