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Thiruvengadam SK, Tieu AH, Luber B, Wang H, Meltzer SJ. Risk Factors for Progression of Barrett's Esophagus to High Grade Dysplasia and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4899. [PMID: 32184470 PMCID: PMC7078316 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61874-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Barrett's esophagus (BE) is the only known precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Methods of identifying BE patients at high risk for progression to high-grade dysplasia (HGD) or EAC are needed to improve outcomes and identify who will benefit most from intensive surveillance or ablative therapy. Clinical predictors of BE progression to HGD or EAC are poorly understood, with multiple contradictory studies. We performed a retrospective study which included 460 patients at Johns Hopkins Hospital who underwent at least 2 upper endoscopies 6 months apart showing biopsy-documented BE between 1992 and 2013. Patients with EAC or HGD at the initial endoscopy were excluded. Demographic, clinicopathological, and endoscopic data were collected. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards analyses with time to progression to HGD and EAC were performed. Among 460 patients included in the study, 132 BE patients developed HGD and 62 developed EAC. Significant EAC risk factors included age, abdominal obesity, caffeine intake, and the presence of HGD. Risk factors for HGD or EAC included age, caffeine intake, and low-grade dysplasia while colonic adenomas trended towards significance. Notably, a history of statin or SSRI usage reduced the risk of EAC or HGD by 49% or 61%, respectively. Our study validated several known and identified several novel risk factors, including a history of colonic adenomas or caffeine usage. Low-grade dysplasia was a risk factor for progression but various endoscopic characteristics were not, suggesting that screening strategies should focus on histology instead. We identified SSRIs as a new potentially chemoprotective medication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan H Tieu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Brandon Luber
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Hao Wang
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Stephen J Meltzer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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Kiridly-Calderbank JF, Sturgeon SR, Kroenke CH, Reeves KW. Antidepressant Use and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in the Women's Health Initiative. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018; 27:892-898. [PMID: 29789327 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-17-1035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Some prior studies have reported reduced colorectal cancer risk among individuals using antidepressant medications, especially selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Yet most studies have not considered the potential role of depression or other confounders in their analyses.Methods: We utilized prospectively collected data from 145,190 participants in the Women's Health Initiative, among whom 2,580 incident colorectal cancer cases were diagnosed. Antidepressant use and depressive symptoms were assessed at baseline and follow-up study visits. Cox proportional hazards regression models with adjustment for depressive symptoms and other covariates were utilized to estimate HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between antidepressant use and colorectal cancer.Results: Antidepressant use was reported by 6.9% of participants at baseline, with SSRIs the most common class of antidepressant used. In multivariable analyses, including adjustment for depressive symptomology, we observed no statistically significant association between antidepressant use overall (HR = 0.90; 95% CI, 0.75-1.09) or with SSRIs specifically (HR = 1.08; 95% CI, 0.85-1.37) and colorectal cancer risk. A borderline significant reduction in colorectal cancer risk was observed for use of tricyclic antidepressants (HR = 0.76; 95% CI, 0.56-1.04). Severe depressive symptoms were independently associated with a 20% increased risk of colorectal cancer (HR = 1.21; 95% CI, 1.09-1.48). Results were similar for separate evaluations of colon and rectal cancer.Conclusions: We observed no evidence of an association between antidepressant use, overall or by therapeutic class, and colorectal cancer risk.Impact: These results suggest that antidepressants may not be useful as chemopreventive agents for colorectal cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(8); 892-8. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna F Kiridly-Calderbank
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Susan R Sturgeon
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Candyce H Kroenke
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Division of Research, Oakland, California
| | - Katherine W Reeves
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts.
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Tajeddinn W, Persson T, Calvo-Garrido J, Seed Ahmed M, Maioli S, Vijayaraghavan S, Kazokoglu MS, Parrado-Fernández C, Yoshitake T, Kehr J, Francis P, Winblad B, Höglund K, Cedazo-Minguez A, Aarsland D. Pharmacological Modulations of the Serotonergic System in a Cell-Model of Familial Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 53:349-61. [PMID: 27163814 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) plays a central role in the integrity of different brain functions. The 5-HT homeostasis is regulated by many factors, including serotonin transporter (SERT), monoamine oxidase enzyme (MAO), and several 5-HT receptors, including the 5-HT1B. There is little knowledge how the dynamics of this system is affected by the amyloid-β (Aβ) burden of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells transfected with the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene containing the Swedish mutations causing familial AD (APPswe), were used as a model to explore the effect of Aβ pathology on 5-HT1B and related molecules including the receptor adaptor protein (p11), SERT and MAOA gene expression, and MAOA activity after treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) (sertraline), and a 5-HT1B receptor antagonist. Sertraline led more than 70 fold increase of 5-HT1B gene expression (p < 0.001), an increased serotonin turnover in both APPswe and control cells and reduced intracellular serotonin levels by 75% in APPswe cells but not in controls (p > 0.05). Treatment with the 5-HT1B receptor antagonist increased SERT gene-expression in control cells but not in the APPswe cells. 5-HT and 5-HT1B antagonist treatment resulted in different p11 expression patterns in APPswe cells compared to controls. Although MAOA gene expression was not changed by APPswe overexpression, adding 5-HT lead to a significant increase in MAOA gene expression in APPswe but not control cells. These findings suggest that the sensitivity of the 5-HT1B receptor and related systems is affected by APPswe overexpression, with potential relevance for pharmacologic intervention in AD. This may at least partly explain the lack of effect of SSRIs in patients with AD and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Tajeddinn
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Persson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Javier Calvo-Garrido
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mohammed Seed Ahmed
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.,King's College London, Wolfson Centre for Age Related-Diseases, London, UK.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Silvia Maioli
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Swetha Vijayaraghavan
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mehmet Selim Kazokoglu
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cristina Parrado-Fernández
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Takashi Yoshitake
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Kehr
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul Francis
- King's College London, Wolfson Centre for Age Related-Diseases, London, UK
| | - Bengt Winblad
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kina Höglund
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.,Göteborg University Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Angel Cedazo-Minguez
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dag Aarsland
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Age- Related Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Xia Y, Wang D, Zhang N, Wang Z, Pang L. Plasma serotonin level is a predictor for recurrence and poor prognosis in colorectal cancer patients. J Clin Lab Anal 2017; 32. [PMID: 28543924 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the prognostic value of plasma serotonin levels in colorectal cancer (CRC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Preoperative plasma serotonin levels of 150 healthy control (HC) cases, 150 benign colorectal polyp (BCP) cases, and 176 CRC cases were determined using radioimmunoassay assay. Serotonin levels were compared between HC, BCP, and CRC cases, and those in CRC patients were related to 5-year outcome. RESULTS Plasma serotonin levels were markedly higher in CRC patients than in either HCs or BCP cases. An elevated serotonin level was significantly associated with advanced tumor node metastasis. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the level of serotonin had a high predictive value for disease recurrence and mortality. Multivariate analysis revealed that high serotonin level was significantly associated with poor recurrence-free survival and overall survival. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that a high peri-operative plasma serotonin level is useful as a prognostic biomarker for CRC recurrence and poor survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhihao Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Pang
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Tajeddinn W, Persson T, Maioli S, Calvo-Garrido J, Parrado-Fernandez C, Yoshitake T, Kehr J, Francis P, Winblad B, Höglund K, Cedazo-Minguez A, Aarsland D. 5-HT1B and other related serotonergic proteins are altered in APPswe mutation. Neurosci Lett 2015; 594:137-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lee HK, Eom CS, Kwon YM, Ahn JS, Kim S, Park SM. Meta-analysis: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and colon cancer. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012; 24:1153-7. [PMID: 22735609 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0b013e328355e289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To perform meta-analyses using observational studies to assess the association between the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and the risk of colorectal cancer. METHODS A systematic search of relevant studies published through February 2012 was carried out using the Medline (PubMed), Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. We reviewed the observational studies that were associated with our subject and carried out a meta-analysis. RESULTS Out of 324 screened articles, six observational studies were included in the final analyses. According to this meta-analysis, the use of SSRIs was not associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer in pooled analyses (adjusted odds ratio 0.89, 95% confidence interval 0.79-1.01). This finding was consistently observed in subgroup analyses of study area, location of colorectal cancer, duration of SSRI use, study quality, adjustment for NSAID use, and the prevalence of overweight. CONCLUSION Our research shows that the use of SSRIs does not increase the risk of colorectal cancer. Further studies are needed to confirm the association between SSRIs and colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ki Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Chubak J, Boudreau DM, Rulyak SJ, Mandelson MT. Colorectal cancer risk in relation to antidepressant medication use. Int J Cancer 2010; 128:227-32. [PMID: 20232382 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory studies suggest that antidepressants affect the risk of some cancers, including colorectal cancer. To investigate whether selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are associated with colorectal cancer risk, we conducted a case-control study among enrollees of an integrated healthcare delivery system in Washington State. Cases were first diagnosed with invasive colorectal cancer between 2000 and 2003; controls were randomly selected from Group Health enrollees and matched to cases on age, sex and length of enrollment before diagnosis/reference date. We used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for colorectal cancer in relation to use of any antidepressant, SSRIs only or TCAs only, among 649 cases and 656 controls. Use of any antidepressant was associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer (OR = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.5-0.9). Associations were similar for persons who used SSRIs exclusively (OR = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.4-1.1) and TCAs exclusively (OR = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.5-1.2); however, this reduction in risk appeared limited to persons without a prior cancer at another site. Our data support findings from previous epidemiologic and animal studies that suggest antidepressants may reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. Future studies with larger sample sizes should further examine individual drugs as well as dose, duration and recency of use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Chubak
- Group Health Research Institute, Group Health, Seattle, WA 98101-1448, USA.
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Coogan PF, Strom BL, Rosenberg L. Antidepressant use and colorectal cancer risk. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2010; 18:1111-4. [PMID: 19623565 DOI: 10.1002/pds.1808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A previous epidemiologic study reported a 30% reduced risk of colorectal cancer among users of high doses of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). We assessed the association of colorectal cancer risk with SSRI and tricyclic antidepressant use in our hospital-based Case Control Surveillance Study. METHODS For the SSRI analyses, we used data collected on 529 colorectal cancer cases and 1955 hospitalized controls collected from 1995 to 2008. For the tricyclic antidepressant analyses, we used data on 2889 cases and 7122 controls collected from 1976 to 2008. We used multivariable logistic regression analysis to evaluate the association of regular SSRI use and regular tricyclic antidepressant use (daily use for at least 3 continuous months) with colorectal cancer risk. RESULTS The odds ratio for regular SSRI use was 0.55 (95% CI 0.35-0.88) and it did not differ by duration of use. The odds ratio was 0.47 (95% CI 0.26-0.85) for colon cancer and 0.72 (95% CI 0.37-1.41) for rectal cancer. The odds ratio for regular use of tricyclic antidepressants was 0.77 (95% CI 0.52-1.16) CONCLUSIONS We found an association of reduced risk of colorectal cancer with regular use of SSRIs. In light of laboratory data indicating that SSRIs may inhibit colon cancer and one previous epidemiologic study that also observed a decreased risk, further investigation of the effect of SSRIs on the risk of colorectal cancer is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia F Coogan
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Ataee R, Ajdary S, Zarrindast M, Rezayat M, Hayatbakhsh MR. Anti-mitogenic and apoptotic effects of 5-HT1B receptor antagonist on HT29 colorectal cancer cell line. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2010; 136:1461-9. [PMID: 20306273 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-010-0801-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2009] [Accepted: 01/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is lack of evidence about impact of 5-HT receptors on colorectal cancers. The current study was designed to investigate the role of serotonin and its receptors in colorectal cancer cell line and tissues. METHODS In cell cultures, we investigated the effects of 5-HT and 5-HT(1A,1B,1D) agonists and antagonists on proliferation of HT29 cells. We also tested apoptosis for the receptor antagonists. The expression of 5-HT1(A,B,D) receptor subtypes was examined by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. RESULTS Our data indicated that 5-HT(1B) receptor was fully expressed in HT29 cell line and tumor tissues. MTT proliferation assay also revealed that serotonin and CP93129 dihydrochloride, a selective 5-HT(1B) receptor agonist, stimulated growth of HT29 cells. Further, SB224289 hydrochloride (that is a selective 5-HT(1B) receptor antagonist) had anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects on HT29 cells. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study provide evidence for the potential role of 5-HT(1B) receptor in colorectal cancer. Further investigation is required to explore the effect of receptor antagonists on the prevention, prognosis and treatment of patients with colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Ataee
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Institute Pasteur, Amol, Iran
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Y25130 hydrochloride, a selective 5HT3 receptor antagonist has potent antimitogenic and apoptotic effect on HT29 colorectal cancer cell line. Eur J Cancer Prev 2010; 19:138-43. [DOI: 10.1097/cej.0b013e3283354901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Haukka J, Sankila R, Klaukka T, Lonnqvist J, Niskanen L, Tanskanen A, Wahlbeck K, Tiihonen J. Incidence of cancer and antidepressant medication: record linkage study. Int J Cancer 2009; 126:285-96. [PMID: 19739257 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The consumption of antidepressants, especially selective serotonine reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) has been increasing. Because a large fraction of the population is exposed, even a small excess of risk with respect to cancer should be considered. We carried out a record linkage study in Finland utilizing nationwide databases of reimbursed medication and cancer. The study population included all antidepressant drug (AD) users in Finland who had purchased at least 1 prescription between 1998 and 2005, and who had no cancer diagnosis at the date of first purchase. A control population without AD usage (matched by age and sex) was also included. Data consisted of 418,588 pairs of individuals that cumulated 3.3 million person-years with an average of 4.0 years of follow-up. 19,365 cancer cases were observed. The most frequent cancers were breast, prostate, lung, colon, and brain cancer. In general, only few associations between the utilization of AD and cancer could be detected. Over four years exposure to AD showed a weak association with increased colon and breast cancer incidence, which could have been caused by bias. As conclusion, no clear evidence of neither beneficial nor harmful association between usage of antidepressant and cancer was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jari Haukka
- Data Analysis and Interpretation Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Helsinki, Finland.
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Stebbing J, Powles T, Mandalia S, Nelson M, Gazzard B, Bower M. Use of Antidepressants and Risk of Cancer in Individuals Infected With HIV. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26:2305-10. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.15.9681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Preclinical and cohort studies suggest that certain antidepressants are associated with a predisposition to cancer whereas others decrease the risk. We aimed to assess whether different classes of antidepressants were associated with changes in cancer incidence in a population of HIV-1 infected individuals, based on duration of exposure. Methods Antidepressant exposure was measured from date of first prescription of the antidepressant until the date of last follow-up or cancer diagnosis. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to establish the risk of AIDS-related cancers and non–AIDS-related cancers according to whether patients were receiving selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, or other medicines for depression. We analyzed data for time exposed to antidepressants, before and during the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Results From a cohort of 10,997 patients representing 52,656 years of follow-up attending a large HIV center during the pre-HAART and HAART eras, a total of 2,004 (18%) were prescribed antidepressants representing 15,850 years exposed. A total of 1,607 (15%) individuals were diagnosed with cancer. There were no significant associations between any class of antidepressant and any type of cancer (P = .19), in either the pre-HAART or HAART era (P = .23), and use of serotonin reuptake inhibitors did not alter the risk of Burkitt lymphoma. Conclusion Antidepressants, irrespective of their class, do not affect cancer risk in HIV-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Stebbing
- From the Imperial College School of Medicine, Departments of Oncology, Imperial Healthcare National Health Service Trust; St Bartholomew's Hospital, Department of Oncology; St Stephen's Centre, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital; Imperial College School of Medicine, Department of Oncology and HIV Medicine, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Powles
- From the Imperial College School of Medicine, Departments of Oncology, Imperial Healthcare National Health Service Trust; St Bartholomew's Hospital, Department of Oncology; St Stephen's Centre, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital; Imperial College School of Medicine, Department of Oncology and HIV Medicine, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sundhiya Mandalia
- From the Imperial College School of Medicine, Departments of Oncology, Imperial Healthcare National Health Service Trust; St Bartholomew's Hospital, Department of Oncology; St Stephen's Centre, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital; Imperial College School of Medicine, Department of Oncology and HIV Medicine, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Nelson
- From the Imperial College School of Medicine, Departments of Oncology, Imperial Healthcare National Health Service Trust; St Bartholomew's Hospital, Department of Oncology; St Stephen's Centre, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital; Imperial College School of Medicine, Department of Oncology and HIV Medicine, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Brian Gazzard
- From the Imperial College School of Medicine, Departments of Oncology, Imperial Healthcare National Health Service Trust; St Bartholomew's Hospital, Department of Oncology; St Stephen's Centre, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital; Imperial College School of Medicine, Department of Oncology and HIV Medicine, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Bower
- From the Imperial College School of Medicine, Departments of Oncology, Imperial Healthcare National Health Service Trust; St Bartholomew's Hospital, Department of Oncology; St Stephen's Centre, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital; Imperial College School of Medicine, Department of Oncology and HIV Medicine, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Xu W, Tamim H, Shapiro S, Stang MR, Collet JP. Use of antidepressants and risk of colorectal cancer: a nested case-control study. Lancet Oncol 2006; 7:301-8. [PMID: 16574545 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(06)70622-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal studies suggest that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) retard the growth of colorectal tumours, whereas tricyclic antidepressants increase the risk of colorectal cancer. We aimed to assess whether SSRI use was associated with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer, and tricyclic-antidepressant use with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. METHODS We did a population-based nested case-control study from Jan 1, 1981, to Dec 31, 2000, of people aged 5-85 years who were registered with Saskatchewan Health and eligible for prescription-drug benefit. Between Jan 1, 1981, and Dec 31, 2000, 6544 cases with colorectal cancer were identified from the Saskatchewan Cancer Agency registry and analysed for use of tricyclic antidepressants; between Jan 1, 1991, and Dec 31, 2000, 3367 cases with colorectal cancer were identified from the Saskatchewan Cancer Agency registry and analysed for SSRI use. For every case, four eligible controls matched for age, sex, and calendar time (ie, free of any cancer in calendar month of case diagnosis) were selected randomly by a statistician who used incidence density sampling. By use of conditional logistic regression, we assessed incidence-rate ratios of having colorectal cancer in association with use of antidepressants, analysing dose and time of use. FINDINGS A decreased risk of colorectal cancer was associated with high (ie, >6.0x10(-6) mol per day) daily SSRI dose during 0-5 years before diagnosis (incidence-rate ratio 0.70 [95% CI 0.50-0.96], p for trend=0.0172), adjusted for age, sex, use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the same period, and SSRI use during 6-10 years before index date (ie, date of diagnosis for a case and the same date for matched controls). No consistent relation was recorded for risk of colorectal cancer and use of tricyclic antidepressants. INTERPRETATION SSRI use might inhibit the growth of colorectal tumours through an antipromoter effect or direct cytotoxic effect. Further investigation is needed, with more complete assessment of confounders such as lifestyle factors (eg, diet), use of drugs, and comorbidity (eg, diabetes or inflammatory bowel disease) that might affect the occurrence of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanning Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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