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Szerszunowicz I, Kozicki S. Plant-Derived Proteins and Peptides as Potential Immunomodulators. Molecules 2023; 29:209. [PMID: 38202792 PMCID: PMC10780438 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The immune response of humans may be modulated by certain biopeptides. The present study aimed to determine the immunomodulatory potential of plant-derived food proteins and hydrolysates obtained from these proteins via monocatalytic in silico hydrolysis (using ficin, stem bromelainm or pepsin (pH > 2)). The scope of this study included determinations of the profiles of select bioactivities of proteins before and after hydrolysis and computations of the frequency of occurrence of selected bioactive fragments in proteins (parameter A), frequency/relative frequency of the release of biopeptides (parameters AE, W) and the theoretical degree of hydrolysis (DHt), by means of the resources and programs available in the BIOPEP-UWM database. The immunomodulating (ImmD)/immunostimulating (ImmS) peptides deposited in the database were characterized as well (ProtParam tool). Among the analyzed proteins of cereals and legumes, the best precursors of ImmD immunopeptides (YG, YGG, GLF, TPRK) turned out to be rice and garden pea proteins, whereas the best precursors of ImmS peptides appeared to be buckwheat (GVM, GFL, EAE) and broad bean (LLY, EAE) proteins. The highest number of YG sequences was released by stem bromelain upon the simulated hydrolysis of rice proteins (AE = 0.0010-0.0820, W = 0.1994-1.0000, DHt = 45-82%). However, antibacterial peptides (IAK) were released by ficin only from rice, oat, and garden pea proteins (DHt = 41-46%). Biopeptides (YG, IAK) identified in protein hydrolysates are potential immunomodulators, nutraceuticals, and components of functional food that may modulate the activity of the human immune system. Stem bromelain and ficin are also active components that are primed to release peptide immunomodulators from plant-derived food proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Szerszunowicz
- Department of Food Biochemistry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Cieszyński 1, 10-726 Olsztyn-Kortowo, Poland
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Tozetto R, Santos Rocha B, Assis de Andrade E, Stolz Cruz L, da Rosa RL, Machinski I, Lemos de Oliveira É, Borges Monteiro JR, Koga AY, Cavalcante Lipinski L, Meurer EC, Kitagawa RR, Beltrame FL. Study of the Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Wound Healing Properties of Raw Hydrolyzed Extract from Nile Tilapia Skin (Oreochromis niloticus). Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300863. [PMID: 37747297 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) skin is a by-product of Brazilian fish farming, rich in collagen. The present study aims to evaluate the wound healing, antioxidant, and antimicrobial potential of the raw hydrolyzed extract of Nile tilapia skin, as well as the identification of the main compounds. The in vitro activity was performed using antioxidant, antimicrobial and scratch wound healing assays. An in vivo experiment was performed to evaluate the wound healing potential. On days 1, 7, 14 and 21, the lesions were photographed to assess wound retraction and on the 7th , 14th and 21st days the skins were removed for histological evaluation and the blood of the animals was collected for glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase determination. The chemical study was carried out through liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and de novo sequencing of peptides. The in vitro assays showed a reduction of the gap area in 24 h, dose-dependent antimicrobial activity for both bacteria, and antioxidant activity. The chemical analysis highlighted the presence of active biopeptides. The histological evaluation showed that the raw hydrolyzed extract of Nile tilapia skin has a healing potential, and does not present toxicological effects; therefore, is promising for the treatment of wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Tozetto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, General, Carlos Cavalcanti Avenue, 4748, 84900-030, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Santos Rocha
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Dr. João Maxímiano Street, 426, 86900-000, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Evelyn Assis de Andrade
- Pharmaceutical Science Post-graduation Program, State University of Ponta Grossa, General Carlos Cavalcanti Avenue, 4748, 84900-030, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Luiza Stolz Cruz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Centro-Oeste, Élio Antonio Dalla Vecchia Street, 838, 85040-167, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Rosana Letícia da Rosa
- Pharmaceutical Science Post-graduation Program, State University of Ponta Grossa, General Carlos Cavalcanti Avenue, 4748, 84900-030, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Isadora Machinski
- Pharmaceutical Science Post-graduation Program, State University of Ponta Grossa, General Carlos Cavalcanti Avenue, 4748, 84900-030, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Évelin Lemos de Oliveira
- Chemistry Post-graduation Program, State University of Maringá, Colombo Avenue, 5790, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Jessica Raquel Borges Monteiro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Fernando Ferrari Avenue, 514, 29075-910, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Adriana Yuriko Koga
- Department of Medicine, State University of Ponta Grossa, General Carlos Cavalcanti Avenue, 4748, 84900-030, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Leandro Cavalcante Lipinski
- Department of Medicine, State University of Ponta Grossa, General Carlos Cavalcanti Avenue, 4748, 84900-030, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Eduardo César Meurer
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Dr. João Maxímiano Street, 426, 86900-000, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Rezende Kitagawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Fernando Ferrari Avenue, 514, 29075-910, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Flávio Luís Beltrame
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, General, Carlos Cavalcanti Avenue, 4748, 84900-030, Paraná, Brazil
- Pharmaceutical Science Post-graduation Program, State University of Ponta Grossa, General Carlos Cavalcanti Avenue, 4748, 84900-030, Paraná, Brazil
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Hayes M, Aluko RE, Aurino E, Mora L. Generation of Bioactive Peptides from Porphyridium sp. and Assessment of Their Potential for Use in the Prevention of Hypertension, Inflammation and Pain. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:422. [PMID: 37623703 PMCID: PMC10456242 DOI: 10.3390/md21080422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation, hypertension, and negative heart health outcomes including cardiovascular disease are closely linked but the mechanisms by which inflammation can cause high blood pressure are not yet fully elucidated. Cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes play a role in pain, inflammation, and hypertension development, and inhibition of these enzymes is currently of great interest to researchers and pharmaceutical companies. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the drug of choice in terms of COX inhibition but can have negative side effects for consumers. Functional food ingredients containing cyclooxygenase inhibitors offer a strategy to inhibit cyclooxygenases without negative side effects. Several COX inhibitors have been discovered, to date, from marine and other resources. We describe here, for the first time, the generation and characterization of a bioactive hydrolysate generated using Viscozyme® and Alcalase from the red microalga Porphyridium sp. The hydrolysate demonstrates in vitro COX-1 inhibitory activity and antihypertensive activity in vivo, assessed using spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Peptides were identified and sequenced using MS and assessed using an in silico computational approach for potential bioactivities. The peptides predicted to be bioactive, including GVDYVRFF, AIPAAPAAPAGPKLY, and LIHADPPGVGL were chemically synthesized and cyclooxygenase inhibition was confirmed. Peptides AIPAAPAAPAGPKLY and LIHADPPGVGL had COX-1 IC50 values of 0.2349 mg/mL (0.16 µM) and 0.2193 mg/mL (0.2 µM), respectively. The hydrolysate was included in a food carrier (jelly candies) and an antihypertensive effect was observed in SHRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hayes
- Department of Food BioSciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, D15 DY05 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Rotimi E. Aluko
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada;
- Richardson Centre for Food Technology and Research, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Elena Aurino
- Department of Food BioSciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, D15 DY05 Dublin, Ireland;
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Leticia Mora
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (CSIC), Avenue Agustín Escardino 7, Valencia, 46980 Paterna, Spain;
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Exploring the Potential of Black Soldier Fly Larval Proteins as Bioactive Peptide Sources through in Silico Gastrointestinal Proteolysis: A Cheminformatic Investigation. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13030605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite their potential as a protein source for human consumption, the health benefits of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) proteins following human gastrointestinal (GI) digestion are poorly understood. This computational study explored the potential of BSFL proteins to release health-promoting peptides after human GI digestion. Twenty-six proteins were virtually proteolyzed with GI proteases. The resultant peptides were screened for high GI absorption and non-toxicity. Shortlisted peptides were searched against the BIOPEP-UWM and Scopus databases to identify their bioactivities. The potential of the peptides as inhibitors of myeloperoxidase (MPO), NADPH oxidase (NOX), and xanthine oxidase (XO), as well as a disruptor of Keap1–Nrf2 protein–protein interaction, were predicted using molecular docking and dynamics simulation. Our results revealed that about 95% of the 5218 fragments generated from the proteolysis of BSFL proteins came from muscle proteins. Dipeptides comprised the largest group (about 25%) of fragments arising from each muscular protein. Screening of 1994 di- and tripeptides using SwissADME and STopTox tools revealed 65 unique sequences with high GI absorption and non-toxicity. A search of the databases identified 16 antioxidant peptides, 14 anti-angiotensin-converting enzyme peptides, and 17 anti-dipeptidyl peptidase IV peptides among these sequences. Results from molecular docking and dynamic simulation suggest that the dipeptide DF has the potential to inhibit Keap1–Nrf2 interaction and interact with MPO within a short time frame, whereas the dipeptide TF shows promise as an XO inhibitor. BSFL peptides were likely weak NOX inhibitors. Our in silico results suggest that upon GI digestion, BSFL proteins may yield high-GI-absorbed and non-toxic peptides with potential health benefits. This study is the first to investigate the bioactivity of peptides liberated from BSFL proteins following human GI digestion. Our findings provide a basis for further investigations into the potential use of BSFL proteins as a functional food ingredient with significant health benefits.
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Purcell D, Packer MA, Hayes M. Identification of Bioactive Peptides from a Laminaria digitata Protein Hydrolysate Using In Silico and In Vitro Methods to Identify Angiotensin-1-Converting Enzyme (ACE-1) Inhibitory Peptides. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:90. [PMID: 36827131 PMCID: PMC9967564 DOI: 10.3390/md21020090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive peptides range in size from 2-30 amino acids and may be derived from any protein-containing biomass using hydrolysis, fermentation or high-pressure processing. Pro-peptides or cryptides result in shorter peptide sequences following digestion and may have enhanced bioactivity. Previously, we identified a protein hydrolysate generated from Laminaria digitata that inhibited ACE-1 in vitro and had an ACE-1 IC50 value of 590 µg/mL compared to an ACE-1 IC50 value of 500 µg/mL (~2.3 µM) observed for the anti-hypertensive drug Captopril©. A number of peptide sequences (130 in total) were identified using mass spectrometry from a 3 kDa permeate of this hydrolysate. Predicted bioactivities for these peptides were determined using an in silico strategy previously published by this group utilizing available databases including Expasy peptide cutter, BIOPEP and Peptide Ranker. Peptide sequences YIGNNPAKGGLF and IGNNPAKGGLF had Peptide Ranker scores of 0.81 and 0.80, respectively, and were chemically synthesized. Synthesized peptides were evaluated for ACE-1 inhibitory activity in vitro and were found to inhibit ACE-1 by 80 ± 8% and 91 ± 16%, respectively. The observed ACE-1 IC50 values for IGNNPAKGGLF and YIGNNPAKGGLF were determined as 174.4 µg/mL and 133.1 µg/mL. Both peptides produced sequences following simulated digestion with the potential to inhibit Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Purcell
- Food BioSciences Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, D15 DY05 Dublin, Ireland
- Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax Street, Nelson 7010, New Zealand
| | | | - Maria Hayes
- Food BioSciences Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, D15 DY05 Dublin, Ireland
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Kropotova ES, Pavlova EN, Naryzhny SN, Mosevitsky MI. Dipeptidylamino-tripeptidylcarboxypeptidase NEMP3 and DPP3 (DPP III) are the same protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 616:110-114. [PMID: 35653825 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.05.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Earlier it was shown that a group of extracellular low-specific metallopeptidases is present in the mammalian brain Kropotova and Mosevitsky (2016) [1]. These enzymes are weakly connected to the axonal ends of neurons. They were named Neuron bound Extracellular MetalloPeptidases (NEMP). The enzyme named NEMP3 turned out to be a unique exopeptidase that exhibits two activities: it removes the dipeptide from the N-end of the peptide, and it can also remove the tripeptide from the C-end of the peptide. Therefore, NEMP3 possesses the activities of dipeptidylaminopeptidase and of tripeptidylcarboxypeptidase. Mass spectrometry has revealed a homology of NEMP3 with DPP3 (DPP III, EC3.4.14.4), known as cytosolic dipeptidylaminopeptidase. We isolated DPP3 from rat and bovine liver and brain by the procedures used for this purpose by other authors. The effect of DPP3 on test peptides is the same as that of NEMP3. In particular, all DPP3 samples delete the tripeptide (AKF) from the C-end of the test peptide blocked at the N-end. The data obtained show that NEMP3 and DPP3 are the same protein (enzyme). Thus, DPP3 has two exopeptidase activities: the previously known activity of dipeptidylaminopeptidase and the activity of tripeptidylcarboxypeptidase discovered in this study. Another discovery is the extracellular activity of DPP 3 in the mammalian brain near synapses, which controls neuropeptides. DPP3 is involved in various processes, but in many cases its role remains to be clarified. The results obtained in this study will be useful for solving these questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina S Kropotova
- Division of Molecular and Radiation Biophysics, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P.Konstantinov of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Gatchina, Russian Federation; Laboratory of Natural Polymers, Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina N Pavlova
- Laboratory of Natural Polymers, Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Stanislav N Naryzhny
- Division of Molecular and Radiation Biophysics, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P.Konstantinov of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Gatchina, Russian Federation
| | - Mark I Mosevitsky
- Division of Molecular and Radiation Biophysics, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P.Konstantinov of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Gatchina, Russian Federation; Laboratory of Natural Polymers, Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation.
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Attri P, Jodha D, Bansal P, Singh J, Dhanda S. Membrane Bound Aminopeptidase B of a Potential Probiotic Pediococcus acidilactici NCDC 252: Purification, Physicochemical and Kinetic Characterization. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10197-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Zhou M, Bu T, Zheng J, Liu L, Yu S, Li S, Wu J. Peptides in Brewed Wines: Formation, Structure, and Function. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:2647-2657. [PMID: 33621074 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The traditional low-alcoholic beverages, such as grape wine, sake, and rice wine, have been consumed all over the world for thousands of years, each with their unique methods of production that have been practiced for centuries. Moderate consumption of wine is generally touted as beneficial for health, although there is ongoing debate for the responsible components in wine. In this review, the structural and functional characteristics, the formation mechanisms, and their health-promoting activities of peptides in three brewed wines, grape wine, Chinese rice wine (also called Chinese Huangjiu or Chinese yellow wine), and Japanese sake, are discussed. The formation of peptides in wine imparts sensorial, technological, and biological attributes. Prospects on future research, with an emphasis on the peptide characterization, formation mechanism, physiological activity, and molecular mechanisms of action, are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Zhou
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Bu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiexia Zheng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Songfeng Yu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 410 Agriculture/Forestry Centre, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
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Poliseli CB, Tonin APP, Martinez FC, Nascimento NCD, Braz V, Maluf J, Ribeiro VMS, Della Rosa FA, Souza GHMF, Meurer EC. Tri- and dipeptides identification in whey protein and porcine liver protein hydrolysates by fast LC-MS/MS neutral loss screening and de novo sequencing. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2021; 56:e4701. [PMID: 33480451 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We describe a fast (5 min) liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method (LC-MS/MS) based on a 46 Da neutral loss of formic acid (H2 O and CO) to identify tri- and dipeptides (DIPEP) in whey protein and porcine liver protein hydrolysates and confirmed by further de novo sequencing. Sample solutions were acidified to favor [dipep + H]+ ions, and a m/z range of 50-300 was used to improve sensitivity. All dipeptide candidates were selected based on all possibilities of the 20 amino acid combinations, and their collision-induced dissociation fragments were screened via de novo sequencing. To determine their biological activities, sequenced dipeptides were compared with the Biopep database and other data from literature. Altogether, 18 dipeptides and 7 tripeptides were identified from the whey protein hydrolysate; they seemed to be broadly active, and peptides were identified as active dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors and active angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), according to available information. Porcine liver hydrolysate showed 14 dipeptides which exhibit similar biological activities to whey protein hydrolysate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila B Poliseli
- Campus Avançado Jandaia do Sul, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), 86900-000, Jandaia do Sul, Brazil
| | - Angelica P P Tonin
- Campus Avançado Jandaia do Sul, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), 86900-000, Jandaia do Sul, Brazil
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Fernanda C Martinez
- Campus Avançado Jandaia do Sul, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), 86900-000, Jandaia do Sul, Brazil
| | - Nicholas C do Nascimento
- Campus Avançado Jandaia do Sul, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), 86900-000, Jandaia do Sul, Brazil
| | - Vilmar Braz
- Campus Avançado Jandaia do Sul, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), 86900-000, Jandaia do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jose Maluf
- BRFoods, Avenida Senador Atílio Fontana, 4040, 85902-160, Toledo, Brazil
| | - Valquiria M S Ribeiro
- Campus Avançado Jandaia do Sul, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), 86900-000, Jandaia do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fernanda A Della Rosa
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Biologia Celular e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Gustavo H M F Souza
- Mass Spectrometry Applications & Development, SpectraMass Ltd., 13088-130 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo C Meurer
- Campus Avançado Jandaia do Sul, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), 86900-000, Jandaia do Sul, Brazil
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Biologia Celular e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Maringá, Brazil
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Mora L, González-Rogel D, Heres A, Toldrá F. Iberian dry-cured ham as a potential source of α-glucosidase-inhibitory peptides. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Purification, kinetic and functional characterization of membrane bound dipeptidyl peptidase-III from NCDC 252: a probiotic lactic acid bacteria. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:973-986. [PMID: 30039431 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4245-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Pediococcus acidilactici is a probiotic lactic acid bacteria possessing studied in-vitro probiotic properties. Study of membrane proteins is crucial in developing technological and health applications of probiotic bacteria. Genome analysis of Pediococcus acidilactici revealed about more than 60 proteases/peptidases which need characterization. Dipeptidyl peptidase-III (DPP-III) is studied for first time in prokaryotes and it is a membrane protein in P. acidilactici that has been purified to apparent homogeneity. The enzyme was purified 81.66 fold with 36.75% yield. The specific activity of purified DPP-III was 202.67 U/mg. The protein moved as single band on native PAGE. The purity was also confirmed by in-situ gel assay. However SDS-PAGE analysis revealed it as high molecular weight heterotetramer with molecular weight of 108 kDa. The enzyme was maximally active at pH 8.5 and at 37 C. Purified DPP-III specifically hydrolyzed Arg-Arg-4-βNA with micromolar affinity (Km = 9.0 µM) and none of studied endopeptidase and monopeptidase substrate was hydrolyzed. Inhibition study revealed purified DPP-III to be a serine protease with involvement of metal ion at active site. The significance of this enzyme as membrane protein is yet to be studied.
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Gandhi D, Chanalia P, Attri P, Dhanda S. Dipeptidyl peptidase-II from probiotic Pediococcus acidilactici: Purification and functional characterization. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 93:919-932. [PMID: 27640091 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptidylpeptidase-II (DPP-II, E.C. 3.4.14.2), an exopeptidase was purified 15.4 fold with specific activity and yield of 15.4U/mg/mL and 14.68% respectively by a simple two step procedure from a probiotic Pediococcus acidilactici. DPP-II is 38.7KDa homodimeric serine peptidase with involvement of His and subunit mass of 18.9KDa. The enzyme exhibited optimal activity at pH 7.0 and 37°C with activation energy of 24.97kJ/mol. The enzyme retained more than 90% activity upto 50°C thus adding industrial importance. DPP-II hydrolysed Lys-Ala-4mβNA with KM of 50μM and Vmax of 30.8nmol/mL/min. In-silico characterization studies of DPP-II on the basis of peptide fragments obtained by MALDI-TOF revealed an evolutionary relationship between DPP-II of prokaryotes and phosphate binding proteins. Secondary and three-dimensional structure of enzyme was also deduced by in-silico approach. Functional studies of DPP-II by TLC and HPLC-analysis of collagen degraded products revealed that enzyme action released free amino acids and other metabolites. Microscopic and SDS-PAGE analysis of enzyme treated analysis of chicken's chest muscle (meat) hydrolysis revealed change and hydrolysis of myofibrils. This may affect the flavor and texture of meat thereby suggesting its role in meat tenderization. Being a protein of LAB (Lactic acid bacteria), it is also expected to be safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimpi Gandhi
- Department of Biochemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India.
| | - Preeti Chanalia
- Department of Biochemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India.
| | - Pooja Attri
- Department of Biochemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India.
| | - Suman Dhanda
- Department of Biochemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India.
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Kumar P, Reithofer V, Reisinger M, Wallner S, Pavkov-Keller T, Macheroux P, Gruber K. Substrate complexes of human dipeptidyl peptidase III reveal the mechanism of enzyme inhibition. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23787. [PMID: 27025154 PMCID: PMC4824452 DOI: 10.1038/srep23787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Human dipeptidyl-peptidase III (hDPP III) is a zinc-dependent hydrolase cleaving dipeptides off the N-termini of various bioactive peptides. Thus, the enzyme is likely involved in a number of physiological processes such as nociception and is also implicated in several forms of cancer. We present high-resolution crystal structures of hDPP III in complex with opioid peptides (Met-and Leu-enkephalin, endomorphin-2) as well as with angiotensin-II and the peptide inhibitor IVYPW. These structures confirm the previously reported large conformational change of the enzyme upon ligand binding and show that the structure of the closed conformation is independent of the nature of the bound peptide. The overall peptide-binding mode is also conserved ensuring the correct positioning of the scissile peptide bond with respect to the catalytic zinc ion. The structure of the angiotensin-II complex shows, how longer peptides are accommodated in the binding cleft of hDPP III. Differences in the binding modes allow a distinction between real substrates and inhibitory peptides or “slow” substrates. The latter displace a zinc bound water molecule necessitating the energetically much less favoured anhydride mechanism as opposed to the favoured promoted-water mechanism. The structural data also form the necessary framework for the design of specific hDPP III inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kumar
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstraße 50/3, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Viktoria Reithofer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstraße 50/3, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Manuel Reisinger
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstraße 50/3, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Silvia Wallner
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Tea Pavkov-Keller
- ACIB - Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Macheroux
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12/2, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Austria
| | - Karl Gruber
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstraße 50/3, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Austria
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14
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Khaket TP, Dhanda S, Jodha D, Singh J. Purification and biochemical characterization of dipeptidyl peptidase-II (DPP7) homologue from germinated Vigna radiata seeds. Bioorg Chem 2015; 63:132-41. [PMID: 26524724 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidases (DPPs) are potent exopeptidases, which possess central role in proteolysis. As compared to other members of DPP family, proline containing dipeptide hydrolysing activity of DPP-II (Dipeptidyl peptidase II) is unique as it hydrolyses imino group and plays a key role in protein metabolism. In present study, DPP-II was purified from germinated moong bean seeds using acid and ammonium sulphate precipitation followed by successive chromatographies on gel filtration (pH 7.4) and cation exchanger (pH 5.9). Native PAGE and in-situ gel assay confirmed the apparent homogeneity. Purified plant DPP-II is an oligomeric enzyme with molecular weight of 97.3kDa. Highest DPP-II activity was observed at pH 7.5 and 37°C, with stability in the range of neutral to alkaline pH. Substrate specificity showed consequent activity for proline containing dipeptide followed by Lys-Ala and other hydrophobic dipeptides, but none of the studied endopeptidase and monopeptidase substrate was hydrolysed. Catalytic characterization with modifier studies revealed the involvement of Ser and His residues in its catalytic mechanism. Its dipeptidyl peptidase activity for proline containing dipeptide supported its role in the bioactive peptide generation and food industry. Functional studies of DPP-II revealed the significant involvement of this glycoproteinous enzyme in protein mobilization during germination. Further studies on industrial applications exploring physiological role are in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejinder Pal Khaket
- Department of Biochemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India; Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Suman Dhanda
- Department of Biochemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Druksakshi Jodha
- Department of Biochemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Jasbir Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India.
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15
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Khaket TP, Redhu D, Dhanda S, Singh J. In SilicoEvaluation of Potential DPP-III Inhibitor Precursors from Dietary Proteins. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2013.787626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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16
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Attri P, Singh J, Dhanda S, Singh H. Activity Staining and Inhibition Characterization of Dipeptidylpeptidase-III Enzyme from Goat Brain. Enzyme Res 2011; 2011:897028. [PMID: 21603278 PMCID: PMC3092669 DOI: 10.4061/2011/897028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidylpeptidase-III (DPP-III) from goat brain was purified and characterized using Arginyl-Arginyl-4-methoxy-β-naphthylamide (Arg-Arg-4mβNA) substrate. This enzyme retained its activity in native 10% polyacrylamide gel when stained using Arg-Arg-4mβNA. The activity was significantly increased by 100 mM chloride. Studies for its inhibition with some peptides and chemical inhibitors revealed that Leu-Trp-Met-Arg-Phe-Ala was most potent inhibitor followed by Arg-Phe-Ala and Gly-Phe-Leu. All the studied chemical inhibitors caused 40-50% inhibition at 1 mM. Metal ions helped to regain activity of EDTA pretreated enzyme. ZnCl(2) at 50 μM almost completely restored the enzyme activity. Further ZnCl(2) and CoCl(2) exerted protective effects on EDTA pretreated enzyme for its susceptibility to DTNB inhibition. Therefore, DPP-III is a metalloprotease with the involvement of cysteine residues either located at the catalytic site or involved in regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Attri
- Department of Biochemistry, Kurukshetra University, Haryana, Kurukshetra 136119, India
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17
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Goat brain enkephalin degrading enzyme: interaction with analgesic and antihypertensive drugs. Med Chem Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-010-9454-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Van Dorpe S, Adriaens A, Polis I, Peremans K, Van Bocxlaer J, De Spiegeleer B. Analytical characterization and comparison of the blood-brain barrier permeability of eight opioid peptides. Peptides 2010; 31:1390-9. [PMID: 20347901 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2010.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2010] [Revised: 03/20/2010] [Accepted: 03/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Opioid drugs, including the newly developed peptides, should penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) for pain management activity. Although BBB transport is fragmentarily described for some mu-opioid peptides, a complete and comparative overview is currently lacking. In this study, the BBB transport of eight opioid peptides (EM-1, EM-2, CTAP, CTOP, DAMGO, dermorphin, TAPP and TAPS) is described and compared. In addition, the metabolic stability in plasma and brain was evaluated. The highest influx rate was obtained for dermorphin (K(in)=2.18 microl/(g x min)), followed by smaller rates for EM-1, EM-2 and TAPP (K(in)=1.06-1.14 microl/(g x min)). Negligible influx was observed for DAMGO, CTOP and TAPS (K(in)=0.18-0.40 microl/(g x min)) and no influx for CTAP. Capillary depletion revealed that all peptides reached brain parenchyma for over 75%. Efflux was shown for TAPP (t(1/2)=2.82 min) and to a lesser extent for EM-1, EM-2 and DAMGO (t(1/2)=10.66-21.98 min), while no significant efflux was observed for the other peptides. All peptides were stable in mouse plasma and brain, with generally higher stability in brain, except for EM-1 and EM-2 which showed plasma half-life stabilities of a few minutes only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Van Dorpe
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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