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Zhao C, Changhong Lin, Zhang B, Wang P, Zhang B, Yan L, Wang C, Qiu L. Study on the mechanism of miR-7562 regulating ATG5 and ATG12 genes in Penaeus monodon under Vibrio harveyi infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 151:109670. [PMID: 38838838 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a fundamental role in the post-transcriptional regulation of genes and are pivotal in modulating immune responses in marine species, particularly during pathogen assaults. This study focused on the function of miR-7562 and its regulatory effects on autophagy against Vibrio harveyi infection in the black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon), an economically important aquatic species. We successfully cloned and characterized two essential autophagy-related genes (ATGs) from P. monodon, PmATG5 and PmATG12, and then identified the miRNAs potentially involved in co-regulating these genes, which were notably miR-7562, miR-8485, and miR-278. Subsequent bacterial challenge experiments and dual-luciferase reporter assays identified miR-7562 as the principal regulator of both genes, particularly by targeting the 3'UTR of each gene. By manipulating the in vivo levels of miR-7562 using mimics and antagomirs, we found significant differences in the expression of PmATG5 and PmATG12, which corresponded to alterations in autophagic activity. Notably, miR-7562 overexpression resulted in the downregulation of PmATG5 and PmATG12, leading to a subdued autophagic response. Conversely, miR-7562 knockdown elevated the expression levels of these genes, thereby enhancing autophagic activity. Our findings further revealed that during V. harveyi infection, miR-7562 continued to influence the autophagic pathway by specifically targeting the ATG5-ATG12 complex. This research not only sheds light on the miRNA-dependent mechanisms governing autophagic immunity in shrimp but also proposes miR-7562 as a promising target for therapeutic strategies intended to strengthen disease resistance within the crustacean aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, PR China; South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, PR China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, PR China
| | - Changhong Lin
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China; College of Aqua-life Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Bo Zhang
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Pengfei Wang
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, PR China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, PR China
| | - Bo Zhang
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Lulu Yan
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Chunlin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, PR China
| | - Lihua Qiu
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, PR China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, PR China.
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Kim SM, Han GU, Kim SG, Moon SH, Shin SH, Ryu BY. Mitigation of benzyl butyl phthalate toxicity in male germ cells with combined treatment of parthenolide, N-acetylcysteine, and 3-methyladenine. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 280:116544. [PMID: 38838463 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) is a widely used plasticizer that poses various potential health hazards. Although BBP has been extensively studied, the direct mechanism underlying its toxicity in male germ cells remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated BBP-mediated male germ cell toxicity in GC-1 spermatogonia (spg), a differentiated mouse male germ cell line. This study investigated the impact of BBP on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, apoptosis, and autophagy regulation, as well as potential protective measures against BBP-induced toxicity. A marked dose-dependent decrease in GC-1 spg cell proliferation was observed following treatment with BBP at 12.5 μM. Exposure to 50 μM BBP, approximating the IC50 of 53.9 μM, markedly increased cellular ROS generation and instigated apoptosis, as evidenced by augmented protein levels of both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis-related markers. An amount of 50 μM BBP induced marked upregulation of autophagy regulator proteins, p38 MAPK, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase and substantially downregulated the phosphorylation of key kinases involved in regulating cell proliferation, including phosphoinositide 3-kinase, protein kinase B, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), c-Jun N-terminal kinase. The triple combination of N-acetylcysteine, parthenolide, and 3-methyladenine markedly restored cell proliferation, decreased BBP-induced apoptosis and autophagy, and restored mTOR phosphorylation. This study provides new insights into BBP-induced male germ cell toxicity and highlights the therapeutic potential of the triple inhibitors in mitigating BBP toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Man Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-Do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Gil Un Han
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-Do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul Gi Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-Do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Moon
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-Do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hee Shin
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-Do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Buom-Yong Ryu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-Do, 17546, Republic of Korea.
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Kim SM, Kim YH, Han GU, Kim SG, Kim BJ, Moon SH, Shin SH, Ryu BY. Elucidating the mechanisms and mitigation strategies for six-phthalate-induced toxicity in male germ cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1398176. [PMID: 39050888 PMCID: PMC11266291 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1398176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Phthalate esters (PAEs) are primary plasticizers and endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that are extensively used in numerous everyday consumer products. Although the adverse effects of single PAEs have been studied, our understanding of the effect of multiple phthalate exposure on male germ cell vitality remains limited. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the collective effects of a mixture of PAEs (MP) comprising diethyl-, bis (2-ethylhexyl)-, dibutyl-, diisononyl-, diisobutyl-, and benzyl butyl-phthalates in the proportions of 35, 21, 15, 15, 8, and 5%, respectively, on differentiated male germ cells using GC-1 spermatogonia (spg) cells. As a mixture, MP substantially hindered GC-1 spg cell proliferation at 3.13 μg/mL, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 16.9 μg/mL. Treatment with 25 μg/mL MP significantly induced reactive oxygen species generation and promoted apoptosis. Furthermore, MP activated autophagy and suppressed phosphorylation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase, protein kinase B, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). The triple inhibitor combination treatment comprising parthenolide, N-acetylcysteine, and 3-methyladenine effectively reversed MP-induced GC-1 spg cell proliferation inhibition, mitigated apoptosis and autophagy, and restored mTOR phosphorylation. This study is the first to elucidate the mechanism underlying MP-induced male germ cell toxicity and the restoration of male germ cell proliferation mediated by chemical inhibitors. Therefore, it provides valuable insights into the existing literature by proposing a combinatorial toxicity mitigation strategy to counteract male germ cell toxicity induced by various EDCs exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Man Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hee Kim
- AttisLab Inc., Anyang-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Gil Un Han
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul Gi Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Bang-Jin Kim
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sung-Hwan Moon
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hee Shin
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Buom-Yong Ryu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
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Rahim MA, Seo H, Kim S, Barman I, Ghorbanian F, Hossain MS, Shuvo MSH, Lee S, Song HY. Exploring the potential of Lactocaseibacillus rhamnosus PMC203 in inducing autophagy to reduce the burden of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Med Microbiol Immunol 2024; 213:14. [PMID: 38977511 PMCID: PMC11231020 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-024-00794-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a lethal pathogen in human history, causes millions of deaths annually, which demands the development of new concepts of drugs. Considering this fact, earlier research has explored the anti-tuberculosis potential of a probiotic strain, Lactocaseibacillus rhamnosus PMC203, leading to a subsequent focus on the molecular mechanism involved in its effect, particularly on autophagy. In this current study, immunoblotting-based assay exhibited a remarkable expression of autophagy marker LC3-II in the PMC203 treated group compared to an untreated group. A remarkable degradation of p62 was also noticed within treated cells compared to control. Furthermore, the immunofluorescence-based assay showed significant fold change in fluorescence intensity for alexa-647-LC3 and alexa-488-LC3, whereas p62 was degraded noticeably. Moreover, lysosomal biogenesis generation was elevated significantly in terms of LAMP1 and acidic vesicular organelles. As a result, PMC203-induced autophagy played a vital role in reducing M. tuberculosis burden within the macrophages in treated groups compared to untreated group. A colony -forming unit assay also revealed a significant reduction in M. tuberculosis in the treated cells over time. Additionally, the candidate strain significantly upregulated the expression of autophagy induction and lysosomal biogenesis genes. Together, these results could enrich our current knowledge of probiotics-mediated autophagy in tuberculosis and suggest its implications for innovatively managing tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdur Rahim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Republic of Korea
- Human Microbiome Medical Research Center, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoonhee Seo
- Human Microbiome Medical Research Center, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukyung Kim
- Human Microbiome Medical Research Center, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Indrajeet Barman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Republic of Korea
- Human Microbiome Medical Research Center, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Fatemeh Ghorbanian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Republic of Korea
- Human Microbiome Medical Research Center, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammed Solayman Hossain
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Republic of Korea
- Human Microbiome Medical Research Center, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Sarower Hossen Shuvo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Republic of Korea
- Human Microbiome Medical Research Center, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Saebim Lee
- Human Microbiome Medical Research Center, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Yeon Song
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Republic of Korea.
- Human Microbiome Medical Research Center, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, Republic of Korea.
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Kurien BT, Ice JA, Wood R, Pharaoh G, Cavett J, Lewis V, Bhaskaran S, Rasmussen A, Lessard CJ, Farris AD, Sivils KL, Koelsch KA, Van Remmen H, Scofield RH. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Fatigue in Sjögren's Disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.17.598269. [PMID: 38948768 PMCID: PMC11212898 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.17.598269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Objectives Sjögren's disease (SjD) is a common exocrine disorder typified by chronic inflammation and dryness, but also profound fatigue, suggesting a pathological basis in cellular bioenergetics. In healthy states, damaged or dysfunctional mitochondrial components are broken down and recycled by mitophagy, a specialized form of autophagy. In many autoimmune disorders, however, evidence suggests that dysfunctional mitophagy allows poorly functioning mitochondria to persist and contribute to a cellular milieu with elevated reactive oxygen species. We hypothesized that mitophagic processes are dysregulated in SjD and that dysfunctional mitochondria contribute to overall fatigue. We sought to link fatigue with mitochondrial dysfunction directly in SjD, heretofore unexamined, and further sought to assess the pathogenic extent and implications of dysregulated mitophagy in SjD. Methods We isolated pan T cells via negative selection from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 17 SjD and 8 age-matched healthy subjects, all of whom completed fatigue questionnaires prior to phlebotomy. Isolated T cells were analyzed for mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and glycolysis using Seahorse, and linear correlations with fatigue measures were assessed. A mitophagy transcriptional signature in SjD was identified by reanalysis of whole-blood microarray data from 190 SjD and 32 healthy subjects. Differential expression analyses were performed by case/control and subgroup analyses comparing SjD patients by mitophagy transcriptional cluster against healthy subjects followed by bioinformatic interpretation using gene set enrichment analysis. Results Basal OCR, ATP-linked respiration, maximal respiration, and reserve capacity were significantly lower in SjD compared to healthy subjects with no observed differences in non-mitochondrial respiration, basal glycolysis, or glycolytic stress. SjD lymphocytic mitochondria show structural alterations compared to healthy subjects. Fatigue scores related to pain/discomfort in SjD correlated with the altered OCR. Results from subgroup analyses by mitophagic SjD clusters revealed highly variable inter-cluster differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and expanded the number of SjD-associated gene targets by tenfold within the same dataset. Conclusion Mitochondrial dysfunction, associated with fatigue, is a significant problem in SjD and warrants further investigation.
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Su L, Lu H, Zhang D, Zhu X, Li J, Zong Y, Zhao Y, He Z, Chen W, Du R. Total paeony glycoside relieves neuroinflammation to exert antidepressant effect via the interplay between NLRP3 inflammasome, pyroptosis and autophagy. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155519. [PMID: 38492365 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a common mental illness characterised by abnormal and depressed emotions. Total paeony glycoside (TPG) is a naturally active saponin extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Radix Paeoniae rubra. However, the antidepressant and neuroinflammatory effects of TPG have not been thoroughly studied. PURPOSE To study the therapeutic potential of TGP in depression caused by neuronal injury and neuroinflammation and to explore the mechanism of TGP and the relationship between the NLRP3 inflammasome, pyroptosis, and autophagy. STUDY DESIGN A chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression model and a cell model of corticosterone (CORT)-induced hippocampal neuron injury were established to evaluate the therapeutic effects of TPG. METHODS The composition of TPG was analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The effects of TPG and fluoxetine on depression-like behaviour, neuronal injury, neuroinflammation, pyroptosis, and mitochondrial autophagy in the mice models were evaluated. RESULTS TGP alleviated depression-like behaviours in mice and inhibited hippocampal neuronal apoptosis. The secretion of inflammatory cytokines was significantly reduced in CORT-induced hippocampal neuron cells and in the serum of a mouse model of CUMS-induced depression. In addition, TGP treatment reduced the levels of NLRP3 family pyrin structural domains, including NLRP3, pro-caspase-1, caspase-1, and IL-1β, and the pyroptosis related proteins such as GSDMD-N. Importantly, TPG attenuated mitochondrial dysfunction, promoted the clearance of damaged mitochondria, and the activation of mitochondrial autophagy, which reduced ROS accumulation and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. An in-depth study observed that the regulatory effect of TPG on autophagy was attenuated by the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) in vitro and in vivo. However, administration of the caspase-1 inhibitor Belnacasan (VX-765) successfully inhibited pyroptosis and showed a synergistic therapeutic effect with TPG. CONCLUSION These results indicate that TPG can repair neuronal damage by activating autophagy, restoring mitochondrial function, and reducing inflammation-mediated pyroptosis, thereby playing an important role in the alleviation of neuroinflammation and depression. This study suggests new potential drugs and treatment strategies for neuroinflammation-related diseases and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Su
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Haoyu Lu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Dongxue Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jianming Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Product Development of Sika Deer, Changchun 130118, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Ministry of National Education, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Ying Zong
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Product Development of Sika Deer, Changchun 130118, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Ministry of National Education, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Product Development of Sika Deer, Changchun 130118, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Ministry of National Education, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zhongmei He
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Product Development of Sika Deer, Changchun 130118, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Ministry of National Education, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Weijia Chen
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Product Development of Sika Deer, Changchun 130118, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Ministry of National Education, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Rui Du
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Product Development of Sika Deer, Changchun 130118, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Ministry of National Education, Changchun 130118, China.
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Yang L, He Z, Hu L, Tang H, Geng Y, Tan Q, Zhang Y, Wen Y, Wu W, Gu H, Liu X. Ti 3C 2 nanosheet-induced autophagy derails ovarian functions. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:242. [PMID: 38735936 PMCID: PMC11089700 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02495-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two-dimensional ultrathin Ti3C2 (MXene) nanosheets have gained significant attention in various biomedical applications. Although previous studies have described the accumulation and associated damage of Ti3C2 nanosheets in the testes and placenta. However, it is currently unclear whether Ti3C2 nanosheets can be translocated to the ovaries and cause ovarian damage, thereby impairing ovarian functions. RESULTS We established a mouse model with different doses (1.25, 2.5, and 5 mg/kg bw/d) of Ti3C2 nanosheets injected intravenously for three days. We demonstrated that Ti3C2 nanosheets can enter the ovaries and were internalized by granulosa cells, leading to a decrease in the number of primary, secondary and antral follicles. Furthermore, the decrease in follicles is closely associated with higher levels of FSH and LH, as well as increased level of E2 and P4, and decreased level of T in mouse ovary. In further studies, we found that exposure toTi3C2 nanosheets increased the levels of Beclin1, ATG5, and the ratio of LC3II/Ι, leading to autophagy activation. Additionally, the level of P62 increased, resulting in autophagic flux blockade. Ti3C2 nanosheets can activate autophagy through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, with oxidative stress playing an important role in this process. Therefore, we chose the ovarian granulosa cell line (KGN cells) for in vitro validation of the impact of autophagy on the hormone secretion capability. The inhibition of autophagy initiation by 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) promoted smooth autophagic flow, thereby partially reduced the secretion of estradiol and progesterone by KGN cells; Whereas blocking autophagic flux by Rapamycin (RAPA) further exacerbated the secretion of estradiol and progesterone in cells. CONCLUSION Ti3C2 nanosheet-induced increased secretion of hormones in the ovary is mediated through the activation of autophagy and impairment of autophagic flux, which disrupts normal follicular development. These results imply that autophagy dysfunction may be one of the underlying mechanisms of Ti3C2-induced damage to ovarian granulosa cells. Our findings further reveal the mechanism of female reproductive toxicity induced by Ti3C2 nanosheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 120 Longshan Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Chongqing Municipal Health Commission Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhiting He
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproductive and Development, Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Box 197, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Le Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gansu Provincial Clinical Research Center for Gynecological Oncology, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Hongyu Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Yanqing Geng
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproductive and Development, Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Box 197, Chongqing, 400016, China
- College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiaoyan Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 120 Longshan Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Chongqing Municipal Health Commission Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Chongqing Municipal Health Commission Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Yixian Wen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproductive and Development, Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Box 197, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Senior Department of Ophthalmology, 3rd Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Huayan Gu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 120 Longshan Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, China.
- Chongqing Municipal Health Commission Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Xueqing Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 120 Longshan Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproductive and Development, Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Box 197, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Kaur S, Arpna, Jha D, Khosla R, Kaur M, Parkash J, Sharma A, Changotra H. Autophagy related gene 5 polymorphism rs17587319 (C/G) in asthmatic patients in North Indian population. J Asthma 2024; 61:472-478. [PMID: 38009708 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2023.2289156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Genetic background and environmental stimuli play an important role in asthma, which is an individual's hyper-responsiveness to these stimuli leading to airway inflammation. Autophagy Related Gene 5 (ATG5) plays a critical role in the autophagy pathway and has been shown to be involved in asthma. The genetic polymorphisms in the ATG5 have been reported to predispose individuals to asthma. The role of single nucleotide polymorphism rs17587319 (C/G) of ATG5 in asthma has not been studied so far. Materials and methods: In this study, we in silico analysed rs17587319 (C/G) using web-based tools Human Splice Finder (HSF) and RegulomeDB and further a case-control study was conducted that included 187 blood samples (94 asthmatic and 93 healthy controls). Results: In silico analysis suggested alteration of splicing signals by this intronic variant. The samples were genotyped by applying the PCR-RFLP method. The MAF obtained was 0.022 and 0.043 in healthy controls and asthmatic individuals, respectively. The statistical analysis revealed no association (allelic model, OR = 2.02, 95%CI = 0.59-6.83, p = 0.25; co-dominant model, OR = 2.06, 95%CI = 0.6-7.12, p = 0.24) of rs17587319 (C/G) with the susceptibility to asthma in the north Indian population. Conclusions: In conclusion, rs17587319 (C/G) of ATG5 does not predispose individuals to asthma in our part of the world. Further studies are needed including more number of samples to ascertain the role of this polymorphism in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sargeet Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Arpna
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Durga Jha
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rajiv Khosla
- Department of Biotechnology, Doaba College Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Manpreet Kaur
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Jyoti Parkash
- Centre for Animal Sciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Arti Sharma
- Department of Computational Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Harish Changotra
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
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9
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Li Q, Wen W, Wang Y, Gong T, Wang X, Tan Q, Fan B, Xie H, Li Y, Li S, Yang C, Zhou Z, Duan X, Lin W, Chen L. Autophagy-related protein 5 (ATG5) interacts with bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST2) to stimulate HBV replication through antagonizing the antiviral activity of BST2. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29659. [PMID: 38747016 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major global health burden with 820 000 deaths per year. In our previous study, we found that the knockdown of autophagy-related protein 5 (ATG5) significantly upregulated the interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) expression to exert the anti-HCV effect. However, the regulation of ATG5 on HBV replication and its underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we screened the altered expression of type I interferon (IFN-I) pathway genes using RT² Profiler™ PCR array following ATG5 knock-down and we found the bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST2) expression was significantly increased. We then verified the upregulation of BST2 by ATG5 knockdown using RT-qPCR and found that the knockdown of ATG5 activated the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway. ATG5 knockdown or BST2 overexpression decreased Hepatitis B core Antigen (HBcAg) protein, HBV DNA levels in cells and supernatants of HepAD38 and HBV-infected NTCP-HepG2. Knockdown of BST2 abrogated the anti-HBV effect of ATG5 knockdown. Furthermore, we found that ATG5 interacted with BST2, and further formed a ternary complex together with HBV-X (HBx). In conclusion, our finding indicates that ATG5 promotes HBV replication through decreasing BST2 expression and interacting with it directly to antagonize its antiviral function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyuan Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
- Research Platform for Transfusion-transmitted Diseases, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Key Laboratory for Transfusion-transmitted Infectious Diseases of the Health Commission of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenxian Wen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
- Research Platform for Transfusion-transmitted Diseases, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Key Laboratory for Transfusion-transmitted Infectious Diseases of the Health Commission of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yijin Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Gong
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
- Research Platform for Transfusion-transmitted Diseases, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Key Laboratory for Transfusion-transmitted Infectious Diseases of the Health Commission of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinwei Wang
- Joint Laboratory on Transfusion-transmitted Infectious Diseases between Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Nanning Blood Center, Nanning Blood Center, Key Laboratory for Transfusion-transmitted Infectious Diseases of the Health Commission of Nanning City, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qi Tan
- Research Platform for Transfusion-transmitted Diseases, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Key Laboratory for Transfusion-transmitted Infectious Diseases of the Health Commission of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bin Fan
- Research Platform for Transfusion-transmitted Diseases, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Key Laboratory for Transfusion-transmitted Infectious Diseases of the Health Commission of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - He Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Hospital of Xidian Group, Xian, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yujia Li
- Research Platform for Transfusion-transmitted Diseases, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Key Laboratory for Transfusion-transmitted Infectious Diseases of the Health Commission of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shilin Li
- Research Platform for Transfusion-transmitted Diseases, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Key Laboratory for Transfusion-transmitted Infectious Diseases of the Health Commission of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunhui Yang
- Research Platform for Transfusion-transmitted Diseases, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Key Laboratory for Transfusion-transmitted Infectious Diseases of the Health Commission of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhonghui Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Duan
- Research Platform for Transfusion-transmitted Diseases, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Key Laboratory for Transfusion-transmitted Infectious Diseases of the Health Commission of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenyu Lin
- Department of Medicine, Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Limin Chen
- Research Platform for Transfusion-transmitted Diseases, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Key Laboratory for Transfusion-transmitted Infectious Diseases of the Health Commission of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Joint Laboratory on Transfusion-transmitted Infectious Diseases between Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Nanning Blood Center, Nanning Blood Center, Key Laboratory for Transfusion-transmitted Infectious Diseases of the Health Commission of Nanning City, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Hospital of Xidian Group, Xian, Shaanxi, China
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10
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Sharma A, Sharma A, Parkash J, Changotra H. An artificial-restriction fragment length polymorphism (A-RFLP) method for genotyping intronic SNP rs7587633 C/T of ATG16L1. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38660996 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2024.2344736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
SNPs could either cause a disorder or directly alter the efficacy of a particular treatment and act as biological markers. The SNP rs7587633 C/T present in the intronic region of the ATG16L1 gene has been studied for its role in psoriasis vulgaris and Palmoplantar pustulosis. To genotype rs7587633 C/T using PCR-RFLP no restriction site is present for any of the restriction enzymes at the SNP position. To develop an artificial-RFLP method for genotyping rs7587633 C/T, the forward primer was designed in such a way that it resulted in the creation of an EcoRI restriction site in the amplified product which could further be digested with EcoRI to find the genotype of the individual. The newly developed A-RFLP method was applied to genotype the SNP rs7587633 C/T in DNA samples of 100 healthy control individuals. The allelic and genotypic frequencies of the SNPs were 0.80(C), 0.20(T) and 65%(CC), 31%(CT) and 4%(TT), respectively. In conclusion, we developed an A-RFLP method to genotype the SNP rs7587633 C/T which is not present in any of the natural restriction sites and this method could be applied to genotype this SNP in various populations/diseases to find its role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambika Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Arti Sharma
- Department of Computational Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Jyoti Parkash
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Harish Changotra
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
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Mao R, Yang Y, Zheng L, Liang X, Jia Y, Shao Y. Role of circPSEN1 in carbon black and cadmium co-exposure induced autophagy-dependent ferroptosis in respiratory epithelial cells. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 346:123562. [PMID: 38365078 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Carbon black and cadmium (Cd) are important components of atmospheric particulate matter and cigarette smoke that are closely associated with the occurrence and development of lung diseases. Carbon black, particularly carbon black nanoparticles (CBNPs), can easily adsorbs metals and cause severe lung damage and even cell death. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the mechanisms underlying the combined toxicity of CBNPs and Cd. We found that the combined exposure to CBNPs and Cd promoted significantly greater autophagosome formation and ferroptosis (increased malonaldehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and divalent iron ions (Fe2+) levels and altered ferroptosis-related proteins) compared with single exposure in both 16HBE cells (human bronchial epithelioid cells) and mouse lung tissues. The levels of ferroptosis proteins, transferrin receptor protein 1 (TFRC) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), were restored by CBNPs-Cd exposure following treatment with a 3-MA inhibitor. Additionally, under CBNPs-Cd exposure, circPSEN1 overexpression inhibited increases in the autophagy proteins microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3II/I) and sequestosome-1 (P62). Moreover, increases in TFRC and Fe2+, and decreases in GPX4were inhibited. Knockdown of circPSEN1 reversed these effects. circPSEN1 interacts with autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG5) protein and upregulates nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4), the co-interacting protein of ATG5, thereby degrading ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1) and increasing Fe2+ in 16HBE cells. These results indicated that the combined exposure to CBNPs and Cd promoted the binding of circPSEN1 to ATG5, thereby increasing autophagosome synthesis and ATG5-NCOA4-FTH1 axis activation, ultimately inducing autophagy-dependent ferroptosis in 16HBE cells and mouse lung tissues. This study provides novel insights into the toxic effects of CBNPs and Cd in mixed pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rulin Mao
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Yusi Yang
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Liting Zheng
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Xiaohong Liang
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Yangyang Jia
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China; School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Yueting Shao
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China; School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
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12
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Qu J, Wu L, Zhang M, Kan M, Chen H, Shi Y, Wang S, Wang X, Chen F. Serum autophagy-related gene 5 level in stroke patients: correlation with CD4+ T cells and cognition impairment during a 3-year follow-up. Braz J Med Biol Res 2024; 57:e13019. [PMID: 38511768 PMCID: PMC10946239 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2024e13019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy-related gene (ATG) 5 regulates blood lipids, chronic inflammation, CD4+ T-cell differentiation, and neuronal death and is involved in post-stroke cognitive impairment. This study aimed to explore the correlation of serum ATG5 with CD4+ T cells and cognition impairment in stroke patients. Peripheral blood was collected from 180 stroke patients for serum ATG5 and T helper (Th) 1, Th2, Th17, and regulatory T (Treg) cell detection via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and flow cytometry. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scale was completed at enrollment, year (Y)1, Y2, and Y3 in stroke patients. Serum ATG5 was also measured in 50 healthy controls (HCs). Serum ATG5 was elevated in stroke patients compared to HCs (P<0.001) and was positively correlated to Th2 cells (P=0.022), Th17 cells (P<0.001), and Th17/Treg ratio (P<0.001) in stroke patients but not correlated with Th1 cells, Th1/Th2 ratio, or Treg cells (all P>0.050). Serum ATG5 (P=0.037), Th1 cells (P=0.022), Th17 cells (P=0.002), and Th17/Treg ratio (P=0.018) were elevated in stroke patients with MMSE score-identified cognition impairment vs those without cognition impairment, whereas Th2 cells, Th1/Th2 ratio, and Treg cells were not different between them (all P>0.050). Importantly, serum ATG5 was negatively linked with MMSE score at enrollment (P=0.004), Y1 (P=0.002), Y2 (P=0.014), and Y3 (P=0.001); moreover, it was positively related to 2-year (P=0.024) and 3-year (P=0.012) MMSE score decline in stroke patients. Serum ATG5 was positively correlated with Th2 and Th17 cells and estimated cognitive function decline in stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Qu
- Department of Emergency, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, China
| | - Linxia Wu
- Department of Emergency, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, China
| | - Minchen Kan
- Department of Emergency, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, China
| | - Huimin Chen
- Department of Emergency, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, China
| | - Yanqing Shi
- Department of Emergency, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, China
| | - Shuangyu Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Department of Neonatal Ward, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, China
| | - Fan Chen
- Department of Emergency, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, China
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13
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Kaur S, Vashistt J, Sharma A, Parkash J, Kumar A, Duseja A, Changotra H. Mutagenic primer-based novel multiplex PCR-RFLP technique to genotype BECN1 SNPs rs10512488 and rs11552192. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:384. [PMID: 38438793 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09277-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in candidate autophagy gene BECN1 could influence its functions thereby autophagy process. BECN1 noncoding SNPs were found to be significantly associated with neurodegenerative disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to develop a simultaneous genotyping technique for two BECN1 SNPs (rs10512488 and rs11552192). METHODS A mutagenic primer-based approach was used to introduce a NdeI restriction site to genotype rs10512488 by Artificial-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (A-RFLP) along with rs11552192 by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-RFLP. Multiplexing PCR and restriction digestion reactions were set up for simultaneous genotyping of both SNPs in 100 healthy individuals. Genotypic and allele frequencies were manually calculated, and the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium was assessed using the chi-square test. RESULTS We successfully developed PCR and RFLP conditions for the amplification and restriction digestion of both SNPs within the same tube for genotyping. The results of genotyping by newly developed multiplexing PCR-RFLP technique were concordant with the genotypes obtained by Sanger sequencing of samples. Allelic frequencies of rs10512488 obtained were 0.15 (A) and 0.85 (G), whereas allelic frequencies of rs11552192 were 0.16 (T) and 0.84 (A). CONCLUSION The newly developed technique is rapid, cost-effective and time-saving for large-scale applications compared to sequencing methods and would play an important role in low-income settings. For the first time, allelic frequencies of rs10512488 and rs11552192 were reported among the North Indian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sargeet Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Himachal Pradesh, Waknaghat, Solan, 173 234, India
| | - Jitendraa Vashistt
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Himachal Pradesh, Waknaghat, Solan, 173 234, India
| | - Arti Sharma
- Department of Computational Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151 401, Punjab, India
| | - Jyoti Parkash
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151 001, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Ajay Duseja
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160 012, India
| | - Harish Changotra
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143 005, Punjab, India.
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14
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Chen Y, Tan X, Zhang W, Li Y, Deng X, Zeng J, Huang L, Ma X. Natural products targeting macroautophagy signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma therapy: Recent evidence and perspectives. Phytother Res 2024; 38:1623-1650. [PMID: 38302697 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), presently the second leading cause of global cancer-related mortality, continues to pose significant challenges in the realm of medical oncology, impacting both clinical drug selection and mechanistic research. Recent investigations have unveiled autophagy-related signaling as a promising avenue for HCC treatment. A growing body of research has highlighted the pivotal role of autophagy-modulating natural products in inhibiting HCC progression. In this context, we provide a concise overview of the fundamental autophagy mechanism and delineate the involvement of autophagic signaling pathways in HCC development. Additionally, we review pertinent studies demonstrating how natural products regulate autophagy to mitigate HCC. Our findings indicate that natural products exhibit cytotoxic effects through the induction of excessive autophagy, simultaneously impeding HCC cell proliferation by autophagy inhibition, thereby depriving HCC cells of essential energy. These effects have been associated with various signaling pathways, including PI3K/AKT, MAPK, AMPK, Wnt/β-catenin, Beclin-1, and ferroautophagy. These results underscore the considerable therapeutic potential of natural products in HCC treatment. However, it is important to note that the present study did not establish definitive thresholds for autophagy induction or inhibition by natural products. Further research in this domain is imperative to gain comprehensive insights into the dual role of autophagy, equipping us with a better understanding of this double-edged sword in HCC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiyue Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yubing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyu Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lihua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Kim SM, Kim YH, Han GU, Kim SG, Bhang DH, Kim BG, Moon SH, Shin SH, Ryu BY. Diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP)-induced male germ cell toxicity and its alleviation approach. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 184:114387. [PMID: 38123059 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP) is a commonly used plasticizer in manufacturing consumer and industrial products to improve flexibility and durability. Despite of the numerous studies, however, the direct mechanism underlying the male reproductive damage of DiBP is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the male germ cell toxicity of DiBP using GC-1 spermatogonia (spg) cells. Our results indicated that DiBP exposure causes oxidative stress and apoptosis in GC-1 spg cells. In addition, DiBP-derived autophagy activation and down-regulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways further inhibited GC-1 spg cell proliferation, indicating that DiBP can instigate male germ cell toxicity by targeting several pathways. Importantly, a combined treatment of parthenolide, N-acetylcysteine, and 3-methyladenine significantly reduced DiBP-induced male germ cell toxicity and restored proliferation. Taken together, the results of this study can provide valuable information to the existing literature by enhancing the understanding of single phthalate DiBP-derived male germ cell toxicity and the therapeutic interventions that can mitigate DiBP damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Man Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 17546, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong-Hee Kim
- AttisLab Inc., Anyang, Gyeonggi-Do, 14059, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gil Un Han
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 17546, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seul Gi Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 17546, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong Ha Bhang
- AttisLab Inc., Anyang, Gyeonggi-Do, 14059, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byung-Gak Kim
- Biattic Inc., Anyang, Gyeonggi-Do, 14059, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Hwan Moon
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 17546, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung Hee Shin
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 17546, Republic of Korea.
| | - Buom-Yong Ryu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 17546, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Han FY, Wu RX, Miao BB, Niu SF, Wang QH, Liang ZB. Whole-Genome Sequencing Analyses Reveal the Whip-like Tail Formation, Innate Immune Evolution, and DNA Repair Mechanisms of Eupleurogrammus muticus. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:434. [PMID: 38338077 PMCID: PMC10854985 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Smallhead hairtail (Eupleurogrammus muticus) is an important marine economic fish distributed along the northern Indian Ocean and the northwest Pacific coast; however, little is known about the mechanism of its genetic evolution. This study generated the first genome assembly of E. muticus at the chromosomal level using a combination of PacBio SMRT, Illumina Nova-Seq, and Hi-C technologies. The final assembled genome size was 709.27 Mb, with a contig N50 of 25.07 Mb, GC content of 40.81%, heterozygosity rate of 1.18%, and repetitive sequence rate of 35.43%. E. muticus genome contained 21,949 protein-coding genes (97.92% of the genes were functionally annotated) and 24 chromosomes. There were 143 expansion gene families, 708 contraction gene families, and 4888 positively selected genes in the genome. Based on the comparative genomic analyses, we screened several candidate genes and pathways related to whip-like tail formation, innate immunity, and DNA repair in E. muticus. These findings preliminarily reveal some molecular evolutionary mechanisms of E. muticus at the genomic level and provide important reference genomic data for the genetic studies of other trichiurids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Yuan Han
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (F.-Y.H.); (S.-F.N.); (Z.-B.L.)
| | - Ren-Xie Wu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (F.-Y.H.); (S.-F.N.); (Z.-B.L.)
| | - Ben-Ben Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China;
| | - Su-Fang Niu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (F.-Y.H.); (S.-F.N.); (Z.-B.L.)
| | - Qing-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Life Sciences School, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;
| | - Zhen-Bang Liang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (F.-Y.H.); (S.-F.N.); (Z.-B.L.)
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17
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Longobardi A, Catania M, Geviti A, Salvi E, Vecchi ER, Bellini S, Saraceno C, Nicsanu R, Squitti R, Binetti G, Di Fede G, Ghidoni R. Autophagy Markers Are Altered in Alzheimer's Disease, Dementia with Lewy Bodies and Frontotemporal Dementia. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1125. [PMID: 38256197 PMCID: PMC10816165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of protein aggregates defines distinct, yet overlapping pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). In this study, we investigated ATG5, UBQLN2, ULK1, and LC3 concentrations in 66 brain specimens and 120 plasma samples from AD, DLB, FTD, and control subjects (CTRL). Protein concentration was measured with ELISA kits in temporal, frontal, and occipital cortex specimens of 32 AD, 10 DLB, 10 FTD, and 14 CTRL, and in plasma samples of 30 AD, 30 DLB, 30 FTD, and 30 CTRL. We found alterations in ATG5, UBQLN2, ULK1, and LC3 levels in patients; ATG5 and UBQLN2 levels were decreased in both brain specimens and plasma samples of patients compared to those of the CTRL, while LC3 levels were increased in the frontal cortex of DLB and FTD patients. In this study, we demonstrate alterations in different steps related to ATG5, UBQLN2, and LC3 autophagy pathways in DLB and FTD patients. Molecular alterations in the autophagic processes could play a role in a shared pathway involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration, supporting the hypothesis of a common molecular mechanism underlying major neurodegenerative dementias and suggesting different potential therapeutic targets in the autophagy pathway for these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Longobardi
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy; (S.B.); (C.S.); (R.N.); (R.S.); (R.G.)
| | - Marcella Catania
- Neurology 5/Neuropathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.C.); (E.R.V.); (G.D.F.)
| | - Andrea Geviti
- Service of Statistics, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Erika Salvi
- Neuroalgology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy;
- Data Science Center, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Rita Vecchi
- Neurology 5/Neuropathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.C.); (E.R.V.); (G.D.F.)
| | - Sonia Bellini
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy; (S.B.); (C.S.); (R.N.); (R.S.); (R.G.)
| | - Claudia Saraceno
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy; (S.B.); (C.S.); (R.N.); (R.S.); (R.G.)
| | - Roland Nicsanu
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy; (S.B.); (C.S.); (R.N.); (R.S.); (R.G.)
| | - Rosanna Squitti
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy; (S.B.); (C.S.); (R.N.); (R.S.); (R.G.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio, Ospedale Isola Tiberina-Gemelli Isola, 00186 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuliano Binetti
- MAC-Memory Clinic and Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Di Fede
- Neurology 5/Neuropathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.C.); (E.R.V.); (G.D.F.)
| | - Roberta Ghidoni
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy; (S.B.); (C.S.); (R.N.); (R.S.); (R.G.)
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Huang X, Ye C, Zhao X, Tong Y, Lin W, Huang Q, Zheng Y, Wang J, Zhang A, Mo Y. TRIM45 aggravates microglia pyroptosis via Atg5/NLRP3 axis in septic encephalopathy. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:284. [PMID: 38037161 PMCID: PMC10688018 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02959-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation mediated by microglial pyroptosis is an important pathogenic mechanism of septic encephalopathy (SAE). It has been reported that TRIM45 is associated with tumours and inflammatory diseases. However, the role of TRIM45 in SAE and the relationship between TRIM45 and microglial pyroptosis are unknown. In this study, we found that TRIM45 played an important role in regulating microglial pyroptosis and the molecular mechanism. METHODS SAE was induced by intraperitoneal injection of LPS in WT and AAV-shTRIM45 mice. BV2 cells were treated with LPS/ATP in vitro. Cognitive function was assessed by the Morris water maze. Nissl staining was used to evaluate histological and structural lesions. ELISA was used to dectect neuroinflammation. qPCR was used to detect the mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines, NLRP3, and autophagy genes. Western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis were used to analyse the expression of the proteins. Changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells were observed by flow cytometry. Changes in mitochondrial membrane potential in BV2 cells were detected by JC-1 staining. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were extracted from blood by density gradient centrifugation and then used for qPCR, western blotting and flow detection. To further explore the mechanism, we used the overexpression plasmids TRIM45 and Atg5 as well as siRNA-TRIM45 and siRNA-Atg5 to analyse the downstream pathway of NLRP3. The protein and mRNA levels of TRIM45 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from sepsis patients were examined. RESULTS Knocking down TRIM45 protected against neuronal damage and cognitive impairment in septic mice. TRIM45 knockdown inhibited microglial pyroptosis and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines in vivo and in vitro, which was mediated by NLRP3/Gsdmd-N activation. Overexpression of TRIM45 could activate NLRP3 and downstream proteins. Further examination showed that TRIM45 regulated the activation of NLRP3 by altering Atg5 and regulating autophagic flux. It was also found that overexpression and knockdown of TRIM45 affected the changes in ROS and mitochondrial membrane potential. Thus, knocking down TRIM45 could reduce microglial pyroptosis, the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, and neuronal damage and improve cognitive function. In addition, the level of TRIM45 protein in septic patients was increased. There was a positive linear correlation between APACHE II score and TRIM45, between SOFA score and TRIM45. Compared to group GCS > 9, level of TRIM45 were increased in group GCS ≤ 8. CONCLUSION TRIM45 plays a key role in neuroinflammation caused by LPS, and the mechanism may involve TRIM45-mediated exacerbation of microglial pyroptosis via the Atg5/NLRP3 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuliang Huang
- Department of Anaesthesia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Changzhou Ye
- Department of Anaesthesia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Department of Anaesthesia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yao Tong
- Department of Anaesthesia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen Lin
- Department of Anaesthesia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingqing Huang
- Department of Anaesthesia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuhao Zheng
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Immune Regulation and Immunotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junlu Wang
- Department of Anaesthesia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Anqi Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yunchang Mo
- Department of Anaesthesia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Khan S, Yang J, Cobo ER, Wang Y, Xu M, Wang T, Shi Y, Liu G, Han B. Streptococcus uberis induced expressions of pro-inflammatory IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in bovine mammary epithelial cells associated with inhibited autophagy and autophagy flux formation. Microb Pathog 2023; 183:106270. [PMID: 37499842 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved cellular defensive mechanism that can eliminate bacterial pathogens such as Streptococcus uberis, that causes mastitis in cows. However, S. uberis induced autophagy is still unclear. In this study, we tested if certain inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, critical in mastitis due to S. uberis infection, regulate autophagy activation in bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs). Using Western blot and laser scanning confocal microscope in bMECs challenged by S. uberis, showed that the expression of IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ oscillated with the expressions of autophagic Atg5, ULK1, PTEN, P62, and LC3ӀӀ/LC3Ӏ. S. uberis infection induced autophagosomes and LC3 puncta in bMECs with upregulation of Atg5, ULK1, PTEN, LC3ӀӀ/LC3Ӏ, and downregulation of P62. The levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ increased during autophagy flux formation to decrease during autophagy induction. Autophagy inhibition increased the expression of IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ and increased S. uberis burden. This study indicates autophagy is induced during S. uberis infection and IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ contribute to autophagy and autophagy flux formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohrab Khan
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Jingyue Yang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Eduardo R Cobo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Maolin Xu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Yuxiang Shi
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, Hebei, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
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De Benedittis G, Latini A, Spallone V, Novelli G, Borgiani P, Ciccacci C. ATG5 gene expression analysis supports the involvement of autophagy in microangiopathic complications of type 2 diabetes. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:1797-1799. [PMID: 37487784 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Type 2 diabetes (T2D) hyperglycaemia alters basal autophagy. Since autophagy is an essential cellular process, our aim was to investigate the ATG5 (autophagy-related 5) gene expression level and genetic variants in a cohort of diabetic patients, characterized for the presence of microangiopathic complications. METHODS AND RESULTS the expression levels of ATG5 were evaluated in PBMCs from 48 T2D patients with an extensive evaluation for microangiopathic complications. Our analyses revealed a significant lower expression of ATG5 in T2D patients with retinopathy compared to those without retinopathy. We also highlighted a significant lower expression of ATG5 in T2D patients with early-cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy compared to those without it, after correction for sex, age, body mass index and levels of hemoglobin A1c. CONCLUSION our results highlight that dysregulation in the autophagy process could be involved in the development of severe microangiopathic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada De Benedittis
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Genetics Section, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Latini
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Genetics Section, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenza Spallone
- Department of Systems Medicine, Endocrinology Section, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Novelli
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Genetics Section, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy; IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy; School of Medicine, Reno University of Nevada, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Paola Borgiani
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Genetics Section, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Cinzia Ciccacci
- UniCamillus, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, 00131, Rome, Italy
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21
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Zhu X, Sun Y, Yu Q, Wang X, Wang Y, Zhao Y. Exosomal lncRNA GAS5 promotes M1 macrophage polarization in allergic rhinitis via restraining mTORC1/ULK1/ATG13-mediated autophagy and subsequently activating NF-кB signaling. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110450. [PMID: 37343372 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are involved in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis (AR), but how these macrophages are polarized to M1 or M2 type is undetermined. Long non-coding RNA growth arrest specific transcript 5 (GAS5) is upregulated in exosomes isolated from nasal mucus of AR patients (AR-EXO) and aggravates nasal symptoms in AR mice. In the present study, we are aimed to elucidate the potential role of GAS5 in macrophage polarization during AR pathogenesis. An AR mice model was constructed. The potential function of GAS5 was evaluated by western blot, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), biotinylated RNA pull-down assay, co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) assay, flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. We found that GAS5 is upregulated in ovalbumin-treated human nasal epithelial cells RPMI 2650 (OVA-EXO) and nasal mucus of AR mice. OVA-EXO treatment or forced GAS5 expression promoted M1 macrophage polarization of peripheral blood monocytes (PB monocytes) and THP-1 macrophages in vitro. GAS5 overexpression aggravated the allergic nasal symptoms induced by OVA in AR mice and facilitated M1 macrophage polarization and allergic inflammation, while knockdown of GAS5 exhibited opposite effects in vivo. GAS5 activated NF-кB signaling via suppressing autophagy-dependent degradation of IKKα/β in macrophages. Furthermore, GAS5 acted as a scaffold to strengthen the interaction between mTORC1 and ULK1, thus impaired ULK1/ATG13-mediated autophagy via increasing mTORC1 activity. Finally, restored autophagy by ATG13 overexpression suppressed the effect of GAS5 on M1 macrophage polarization. In conclusion, these results suggested that exosomal transfer of GAS5 promoted M1 macrophage polarization via restraining mTORC1/ULK1/ATG13-mediated autophagy and subsequently activating NF-кB signaling in allergic rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Zhu
- Department of Rhinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Yudong Sun
- Department of Rhinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Qianjiang Yu
- Department of Rhinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Xueping Wang
- Department of Rhinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Rhinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yulin Zhao
- Department of Rhinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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