1
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Maltais R, Ngueta Djiemeny A, Roy J, Barbeau X, Lambert JP, Poirier D. Design and synthesis of dansyl-labeled inhibitors of steroid sulfatase for optical imaging. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115368. [PMID: 32122754 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Steroid sulfatase (STS) is an important enzyme regulating the conversion of sulfated steroids into their active hydroxylated forms. Notably, the inhibition of STS has been shown to decrease the levels of active estrogens and was translated into clinical trials for the treatment of breast cancer. Based on quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) and molecular modeling studies, we herein report the design of fluorescent inhibitors of STS by adding a dansyl group on an estrane scaffold. Synthesis of 17α-dansylaminomethyl-estradiol (7) and its sulfamoylated analog 8 were achieved from estrone in 5 and 6 steps, respectively. Inhibition assays on HEK-293 cells expressing exogenous STS revealed a high level of inhibition for compound 7 (IC50 = 69 nM), a value close to the QSAR model prediction (IC50 = 46 nM). As an irreversible inhibitor, sulfamate 8 led to an even more potent inhibition in the low nanomolar value (IC50 = 2.1 nM). In addition, we show that the potent STS inhibitor 8 can be employed as an optical imaging tool to investigate intracellular enzyme sub-localization as well as inhibitory behavior. As a result, confocal microscopy analysis confirmed good penetration of the STS fluorescent inhibitor 8 in cells and its localization in the endoplasmic reticulum where STS is localized.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Maltais
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec - Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Adrien Ngueta Djiemeny
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec - Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jenny Roy
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec - Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Xavier Barbeau
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec - Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Lambert
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Donald Poirier
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec - Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
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2
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Rapp PB, Murai K, Ichiishi N, Leahy DK, Miller SJ. Catalytic Sulfamoylation of Alcohols with Activated Aryl Sulfamates. Org Lett 2020; 22:168-174. [PMID: 31833780 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report a new catalytic method for alcohol sulfamoylation that deploys electron-deficient aryl sulfamates as activated group transfer reagents. The reaction utilizes the simple organic base N-methylimidazole, proceeds under mild conditions, and provides intrinsic selectivity for 1° over 2° alcohols (up to >40:1 for certain nucleosides). The requisite aryl sulfamate donors are stable crystalline solids that can be readily prepared on a large scale. Mechanistic considerations support the intermediacy of HNSO2 "aza-sulfene" in the transfer reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter B Rapp
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , P.O. Box 208107, New Haven , Connecticut 06520-8107 , United States
| | - Koichi Murai
- Process Chemistry Development , Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co. , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Naoko Ichiishi
- Process Chemistry Development , Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co. , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - David K Leahy
- Process Chemistry Development , Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co. , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Scott J Miller
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , P.O. Box 208107, New Haven , Connecticut 06520-8107 , United States
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3
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Ganeshapillai D, Woo LWL, Thomas MP, Purohit A, Potter BVL. C-3- and C-4-Substituted Bicyclic Coumarin Sulfamates as Potent Steroid Sulfatase Inhibitors. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:10748-10772. [PMID: 30320251 PMCID: PMC6173509 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic routes to potent bicyclic nonsteroidal sulfamate-based active-site-directed inhibitors of the enzyme steroid sulfatase (STS), an emerging target in the treatment of postmenopausal hormone-dependent diseases, including breast cancer, are described. Sulfamate analogs 9-27 and 28-46 of the core in vivo active two-ring coumarin template, modified at the 4- and 3-positions, respectively, were synthesized to expand structure-activity relationships. α-Alkylacetoacetates were used to synthesize coumarin sulfamate derivatives with 3-position modifications, and the bicyclic ring of other parent coumarins was primarily constructed via the Pechmann synthesis of hydroxyl coumarins. Compounds were examined for STS inhibition in intact MCF-7 breast cancer cells and in placental microsomes. Low nanomolar potency STS inhibitors were achieved, and some were found to inhibit the enzyme in MCF-7 cells ca. 100-500 more potently than the parent 4-methylcoumarin-7-O-sulfamate 3, with the best compounds close in potency to the tricyclic clinical drug Irosustat. 3-Hexyl-4-methylcoumarin-7-O-sulfamate 29 and 3-benzyl-4-methylcoumarin-7-O-sulfamate 41 were particularly effective inhibitors with IC50 values of 0.68 and 1 nM in intact MCF-7 cells and 8 and 32 nM for placental microsomal STS, respectively. They were docked into the STS active site for comparison with estrone 3-O-sulfamate and Irosustat, showing their sulfamate group close to the catalytic hydrated formylglycine residue and their pendant group lying between the hydrophobic sidechains of L103, F178, and F488. Such highly potent STS inhibitors expand the structure-activity relationship for these coumarin sulfamate-based agents that possess therapeutic potential and may be worthy of further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharshini Ganeshapillai
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2
7AY, U.K.
| | - L. W. Lawrence Woo
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2
7AY, U.K.
| | - Mark P. Thomas
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2
7AY, U.K.
| | - Atul Purohit
- Section
of Investigative Medicine, Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Imperial College London, 6th Floor, Commonwealth Building (6N2B), Hammersmith
Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, U.K.
| | - Barry V. L. Potter
- Medicinal
Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, U.K.
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2
7AY, U.K.
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4
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Uduwela DR, Pabis A, Stevenson BJ, Kamerlin SCL, McLeod MD. Enhancing the Steroid Sulfatase Activity of the Arylsulfatase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b02905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dimanthi R. Uduwela
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Anna Pabis
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, S-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bradley J. Stevenson
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Shina C. L. Kamerlin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, S-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Malcolm D. McLeod
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
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5
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Potter BVL. SULFATION PATHWAYS: Steroid sulphatase inhibition via aryl sulphamates: clinical progress, mechanism and future prospects. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 61:T233-T252. [PMID: 29618488 DOI: 10.1530/jme-18-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Steroid sulphatase is an emerging drug target for the endocrine therapy of hormone-dependent diseases, catalysing oestrogen sulphate hydrolysis to oestrogen. Drug discovery, developing the core aryl O-sulphamate pharmacophore, has led to steroidal and non-steroidal drugs entering numerous clinical trials, with promising results in oncology and women's health. Steroidal oestrogen sulphamate derivatives were the first irreversible active-site-directed inhibitors and one was developed clinically as an oral oestradiol pro-drug and for endometriosis applications. This review summarizes work leading to the therapeutic concept of sulphatase inhibition, clinical trials executed to date and new insights into the mechanism of inhibition of steroid sulphatase. To date, the non-steroidal sulphatase inhibitor Irosustat has been evaluated clinically in breast cancer, alone and in combination, in endometrial cancer and in prostate cancer. The versatile core pharmacophore both imbues attractive pharmaceutical properties and functions via three distinct mechanisms of action, as a pro-drug, an enzyme active-site-modifying motif, likely through direct sulphamoyl group transfer, and as a structural component augmenting activity, for example by enhancing interactions at the colchicine binding site of tubulin. Preliminary new structural data on the Pseudomonas aeruginosa arylsulphatase enzyme suggest two possible sulphamate-based adducts with the active site formylglycine as candidates for the inhibition end product via sulphamoyl or sulphonylamine transfer, and a speculative choice is suggested. The clinical status of sulphatase inhibition is surveyed and how it might develop in the future. Also discussed are dual-targeting approaches, development of 2-substituted steroidal sulphamates and non-steroidal derivatives as multi-targeting agents for hormone-independent tumours, with other emerging directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry V L Potter
- Medicinal Chemistry & Drug DiscoveryDepartment of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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6
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Yoon HY, Hong JI. Sulfatase activity assay using an activity-based probe by generation of N -methyl isoindole under reducing conditions. Anal Biochem 2017; 526:33-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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7
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Ouellet C, Maltais R, Ouellet É, Barbeau X, Lagüe P, Poirier D. Discovery of a sulfamate-based steroid sulfatase inhibitor with intrinsic selective estrogen receptor modulator properties. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 119:169-82. [PMID: 27155470 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Steroid sulfatase (STS), the enzyme which converts inactive sulfated steroid precursors into active hormones, is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of estrogen-sensitive breast cancer. We report herein the synthesis and in vitro study of dual-action STS inhibitors with selective estrogen-receptor modulator (SERM) effects. A library of tetrahydroisoquinoline-N-substituted derivatives (phenolic compounds) was synthesized by solid-phase chemistry and tested on estrogen-sensitive breast cancer T-47D cells. Three phenolic compounds devoid of estrogenic activity and toxicity emerged from this screening. Their sulfamate analogs were then synthesized, tested in STS-transfected HEK-293 cells, and found to be potent inhibitors of the enzyme (IC50 of 3.9, 8.9, and 16.6 nM). When tested in T-47D cells they showed no estrogenic activity and produced a moderate antiestrogenic activity. The compounds were further tested on osteoblast-like Saos-2 cells and found to significantly stimulate their proliferation as well as their alkaline phosphatase activity, thus suggesting a SERM activity. These results are supported by molecular docking experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Ouellet
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, CHU de Québec - Research Center (CHUL, T4), 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - René Maltais
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, CHU de Québec - Research Center (CHUL, T4), 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Étienne Ouellet
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, CHU de Québec - Research Center (CHUL, T4), 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Xavier Barbeau
- Département de chimie, Institut de biologie intégrative et des systèmes (IBIS), Centre de recherche sur la fonction, la structure et l'ingénierie des protéines (PROTEO), Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Patrick Lagüe
- Département de biochimie microbiologie et bio-informatique, Institut de biologie intégrative et des systèmes (IBIS), Centre de recherche sur la fonction, la structure et l'ingénierie des protéines (PROTEO), Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Donald Poirier
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, CHU de Québec - Research Center (CHUL, T4), 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
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8
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Baranczak A, Liu Y, Connelly S, Du WGH, Greiner ER, Genereux JC, Wiseman RL, Eisele YS, Bradbury NC, Dong J, Noodleman L, Sharpless KB, Wilson IA, Encalada SE, Kelly JW. A fluorogenic aryl fluorosulfate for intraorganellar transthyretin imaging in living cells and in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:7404-14. [PMID: 26051248 PMCID: PMC4472559 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b03042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Fluorogenic probes, due to their often greater spatial and temporal sensitivity in comparison to permanently fluorescent small molecules, represent powerful tools to study protein localization and function in the context of living systems. Herein, we report fluorogenic probe 4, a 1,3,4-oxadiazole designed to bind selectively to transthyretin (TTR). Probe 4 comprises a fluorosulfate group not previously used in an environment-sensitive fluorophore. The fluorosulfate functional group does not react covalently with TTR on the time scale required for cellular imaging, but does red shift the emission maximum of probe 4 in comparison to its nonfluorosulfated analogue. We demonstrate that probe 4 is dark in aqueous buffers, whereas the TTR·4 complex exhibits a fluorescence emission maximum at 481 nm. The addition of probe 4 to living HEK293T cells allows efficient binding to and imaging of exogenous TTR within intracellular organelles, including the mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum. Furthermore, live Caenorhabditis elegans expressing human TTR transgenically and treated with probe 4 display TTR·4 fluorescence in macrophage-like coelomocytes. An analogue of fluorosulfate probe 4 does react selectively with TTR without labeling the remainder of the cellular proteome. Studies on this analogue suggest that certain aryl fluorosulfates, due to their cell and organelle permeability and activatable reactivity, could be considered for the development of protein-selective covalent probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Baranczak
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, USA
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, USA
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, USA
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, USA
| | - Stephen Connelly
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, USA
| | - Wen-Ge Han Du
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, USA
| | - Erin R. Greiner
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, USA
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, USA
| | - Joseph C. Genereux
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, USA
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, USA
| | - R. Luke Wiseman
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, USA
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, USA
| | - Yvonne S. Eisele
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, USA
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, USA
| | - Nadine C. Bradbury
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, USA
| | - Jiajia Dong
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, USA
| | - Louis Noodleman
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, USA
| | - K. Barry Sharpless
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, USA
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, USA
| | - Ian A. Wilson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, USA
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, USA
| | - Sandra E. Encalada
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, USA
- Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, USA
| | - Jeffery W. Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, USA
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, USA
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, USA
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9
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Stevenson BJ, Waller CC, Ma P, Li K, Cawley AT, Ollis DL, McLeod MD. Pseudomonas aeruginosaarylsulfatase: a purified enzyme for the mild hydrolysis of steroid sulfates. Drug Test Anal 2015; 7:903-11. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.1782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley J. Stevenson
- Research School of Chemistry; Australian National University; Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Christopher C. Waller
- Research School of Chemistry; Australian National University; Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Paul Ma
- Research School of Chemistry; Australian National University; Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Kunkun Li
- Research School of Chemistry; Australian National University; Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Adam T. Cawley
- Racing New South Wales - Australian Racing Forensic Laboratory; Sydney NSW 1465 Australia
| | - David L. Ollis
- Research School of Chemistry; Australian National University; Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Malcolm D. McLeod
- Research School of Chemistry; Australian National University; Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
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10
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Yang B, Sun Z, Liu C, Cui Y, Guo Z, Ren Y, Lu Z, Knapp S. O-(Aminosulfonylation) of phenols and an example of slow hydrolytic release. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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11
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Smith EL, Bertozzi CR, Beatty KE. An expanded set of fluorogenic sulfatase activity probes. Chembiochem 2014; 15:1101-5. [PMID: 24764280 PMCID: PMC4084507 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201400032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Fluorogenic probes that are activated by an enzymatic transformation are ideally suited for profiling enzyme activities in biological systems. Here, we describe two fluorogenic enzyme probes, 3-O-methylfluorescein-sulfate and resorufin-sulfate, that can be used to detect sulfatases in mycobacterial lysates. Both probes were validated with a set of commercial sulfatases and used to reveal species-specific sulfatase banding patterns in a gel-resolved assay of mycobacterial lysates. The fluorogenic probes described here are suitable for various assays and provide a starting point for creating new sulfatase probes with improved selectivity for mycobacterial sulfatases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L. Smith
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, B84 Hildebrand Hall, #1460, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
| | - Carolyn R. Bertozzi
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, B84 Hildebrand Hall, #1460, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
| | - Kimberly E. Beatty
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, L334, Portland, OR 97239 (USA)
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12
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Williams SJ, Denehy E, Krenske EH. Experimental and theoretical insights into the mechanisms of sulfate and sulfamate ester hydrolysis and the end products of type I sulfatase inactivation by aryl sulfamates. J Org Chem 2014; 79:1995-2005. [PMID: 24555731 DOI: 10.1021/jo4026513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Type I sulfatases catalyze the hydrolysis of sulfate esters through S-O bond cleavage and possess a catalytically essential formylglycine (FGly) active-site residue that is post-translationally derived from either cysteine or serine. Type I sulfatases are inactivated by aryl sulfamates in a time-dependent, irreversible, and active-site directed manner consistent with covalent modification of the active site. We report a theoretical (SCS-MP2//B3LYP) and experimental study of the uncatalyzed and enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of aryl sulfates and sulfamates. In solution, aryl sulfate monoanions undergo hydrolysis by an S(N)2 mechanism whereas aryl sulfamate monoanions follow an S(N)1 pathway with SO2NH as an intermediate; theory traces this difference to the markedly greater stability of SO2NH versus SO3. For Pseudomonas aeruginosa arylsulfatase-catalyzed aryl sulfate hydrolysis, Brønsted analysis (log(V(max)/K(M)) versus leaving group pK(a) value) reveals β(LG) = -0.86 ± 0.23, consistent with an S(N)2 at sulfur reaction but substantially smaller than that reported for uncatalyzed hydrolysis (β(LG) = -1.81). Common to all proposed mechanisms of sulfatase catalysis is a sulfated FGly intermediate. Theory indicates a ≥26 kcal/mol preference for the intermediate to release HSO4(-) by an E2 mechanism, rather than alkaline phosphatase-like S(N)2 substitution by water. An evaluation of the stabilities of various proposed end-products of sulfamate-induced sulfatase inactivation highlights that an imine N-sulfate derived from FGly is the most likely irreversible adduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer J Williams
- School of Chemistry and ‡Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
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13
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Spillane W, Malaubier JB. Sulfamic Acid and Its N- and O-Substituted Derivatives. Chem Rev 2013; 114:2507-86. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400230c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- William Spillane
- School
of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jean-Baptiste Malaubier
- Manufacturing Science
and
Technology, Roche Ireland Limited, Clarecastle, Co. Clare, Ireland
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14
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Sulfatase-activated fluorophores for rapid discrimination of mycobacterial species and strains. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:12911-6. [PMID: 23878250 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1222041110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Most current diagnostic tests for tuberculosis do not reveal the species or strain of pathogen causing pulmonary infection, which can lead to inappropriate treatment regimens and the spread of disease. Here, we report an assay for mycobacterial strain assignment based on genetically conserved mycobacterial sulfatases. We developed a sulfatase-activated probe, 7-hydroxy-9H-(1,3-dichloro-9,9-dimethylacridin-2-one)-sulfate, that detects enzyme activity in native protein gels, allowing the rapid detection of sulfatases in mycobacterial lysates. This assay revealed that mycobacterial strains have distinct sulfatase fingerprints that can be used to judge both the species and lineage. Our results demonstrate the potential of enzyme-activated probes for rapid pathogen discrimination for infectious diseases.
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15
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Steroid sulfatase (STS) converts sulfated hormones to free hormones of importance in hormone-dependent diseases such as breast cancer and endometriosis. Carbohydrate sulfatases degrade complex carbohydrates as part of normal cellular turnover; certain lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) involve defective processing of sulfated glycosaminoglycans by mutant sulfatases. AREAS COVERED Aryl sulfamates have been developed as STS inhibitors, and STX64 and PGL2001 are under evaluation in Phase I and II clinical trials for treatment of endometrial and metastatic breast and prostate cancers and endometriosis. Dual-acting compounds have emerged that are aromatase inhibitors (AIs), selective estrogen receptor antagonists, or inhibitors of microtubule polymerization. Sulfamidase inhibitors as pharmacological chaperones to assist maturation of folding-defective mutants for the treatment of Sanfilippo type A disease are under investigation. Coverage: The patent literature after the mid-1990s. EXPERT OPINION The failure of STX64 in a Phase II monotherapy clinical trial should not dissuade further investigations in multidrug regimens, particularly in combination with AIs. The recent development of dual-acting compounds may enhance the potential for success in the clinic. Further investigations into aryl sulfamates are required to clarify the molecular mechanism of action; additionally, new reversible sulfatase inhibition concepts are needed for the development of pharmacological chaperones for sulfatase LSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer J Williams
- University of Melbourne, School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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16
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Edwards DR, Wolfenden R. Proton-in-flight mechanism for the spontaneous hydrolysis of N-methyl O-phenyl sulfamate: implications for the design of steroid sulfatase inhibitors. J Org Chem 2012; 77:4450-3. [PMID: 22486328 DOI: 10.1021/jo300386u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The hydrolysis of N-methyl O-phenyl sulfamate (1) has been studied as a model for steroid sulfatase inhibitors such as Coumate, 667 Coumate, and EMATE. At neutral pH, simulating physiological conditions, hydrolysis of 1 involves an intramolecular proton transfer from nitrogen to the bridging oxygen atom of the leaving group. Remarkably, this proton transfer is estimated to accelerate the decomposition of 1 by a factor of 10(11). Examination of existing kinetic data reveals that the sulfatase PaAstA catalyzes the hydrolysis of sulfamate esters with catalytic rate accelerations of ~10(4), whereas the catalytic rate acceleration generated by the enzyme for its cognate substrate is on the order of ~10(15). Rate constants for hydrolysis of a wide range of sulfuryl esters, ArOSO(2)X(-), are shown to be correlated by a two-parameter equation based on pK(a)(ArOH) and pK(a)(ArOSO2XH).
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Edwards
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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Maltais R, Poirier D. Steroid sulfatase inhibitors: a review covering the promising 2000-2010 decade. Steroids 2011; 76:929-48. [PMID: 21458474 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2011.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The steroid sulfatase (STS) plays a major role in the regulation of steroid hormone concentrations in several human tissues and target organs and therefore, represents an interesting target to regulate estrogen and androgen levels implicated in different diseases. In this review article, the emphasis is put on STS inhibitors reported in the fruitful 2000-2010 decade, which consolidated the first ones that were previously developed (1990-1999). The inhibitors reviewed are divided into four categories according to the fact that they are sulfamoylated or not or that they have a steroid nucleus or not. Other topics such as function, localization, structure and mechanism as well as applications of STS inhibitors are also briefly discussed to complement the information on this crucial steroidogenic enzyme and its inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Maltais
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, CHUQ (CHUL)-Research Center (Endocrinology and Genomic Unit) and Laval University (Faculty of Medicine), Québec, Canada
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Spillane WJ, Thea S, Cevasco G, Hynes MJ, McCaw CJA, Maguire NP. Mechanisms of hydrolysis of phenyl- and benzyl 4-nitrophenyl-sulfamate esters. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:523-30. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00362j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Schelwies M, Brinson D, Otsuki S, Hong YH, Lotz MK, Wong CH, Hanson SR. Glucosamine-6-sulfamate analogues of heparan sulfate as inhibitors of endosulfatases. Chembiochem 2010; 11:2393-7. [PMID: 20973023 PMCID: PMC3086843 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201000401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Keeping Sulfate. The extracellular endosulfatases, which modulate signalling pathways by removing sulfate groups from heparan, can be inhibited by replacing the 6-sulfate destined for cleavage with an inhibitory sulfamate motif, as demonstrated by simple glucosamine-6-sulfamate analogs of heparan sulfate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Schelwies
- Dr. M. Schelwies, Prof. Dr. C.-H. Wong, Dr. S. R. Hanson Department of Chemistry and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Diana Brinson
- D. Brinson, Dr. Y.-H. Hong, Dr. S. Otsuki, Prof. Dr. M. K. Lotz, Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Shuhei Otsuki
- D. Brinson, Dr. Y.-H. Hong, Dr. S. Otsuki, Prof. Dr. M. K. Lotz, Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Young-Hoon Hong
- D. Brinson, Dr. Y.-H. Hong, Dr. S. Otsuki, Prof. Dr. M. K. Lotz, Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Martin K. Lotz
- D. Brinson, Dr. Y.-H. Hong, Dr. S. Otsuki, Prof. Dr. M. K. Lotz, Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Dr. M. Schelwies, Prof. Dr. C.-H. Wong, Dr. S. R. Hanson Department of Chemistry and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Sarah R. Hanson
- Dr. M. Schelwies, Prof. Dr. C.-H. Wong, Dr. S. R. Hanson Department of Chemistry and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
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Spillane WJ, Malaubier JB. Mechanism of the hydrolysis of the sulfamate EMATE—an irreversible steroid sulfatase inhibitor. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Woo LWL, Jackson T, Putey A, Cozier G, Leonard P, Acharya KR, Chander SK, Purohit A, Reed MJ, Potter BVL. Highly Potent First Examples of Dual Aromatase−Steroid Sulfatase Inhibitors based on a Biphenyl Template. J Med Chem 2010; 53:2155-70. [DOI: 10.1021/jm901705h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. W. Lawrence Woo
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology and Sterix Ltd, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Toby Jackson
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology and Sterix Ltd, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Aurélien Putey
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology and Sterix Ltd, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Gyles Cozier
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology and Sterix Ltd, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Philip Leonard
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - K. Ravi Acharya
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Surinder K. Chander
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine and Sterix Ltd, Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine, St. Mary’s Hospital, London W2 1NY, U.K
| | - Atul Purohit
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine and Sterix Ltd, Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine, St. Mary’s Hospital, London W2 1NY, U.K
| | - Michael J. Reed
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine and Sterix Ltd, Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine, St. Mary’s Hospital, London W2 1NY, U.K
| | - Barry V. L. Potter
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology and Sterix Ltd, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
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22
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Greig IR. The analysis of enzymic free energy relationships using kinetic and computational models. Chem Soc Rev 2010; 39:2272-301. [DOI: 10.1039/b902741f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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23
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Loft KJ, Bojarová P, Slámová K, Kren V, Williams SJ. Synthesis of sulfated glucosaminides for profiling substrate specificities of sulfatases and fungal beta-N-acetylhexosaminidases. Chembiochem 2009; 10:565-76. [PMID: 19156788 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200800656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Systematic sulfation: Sulfated glycoconjugates are degraded either by desulfation followed by glycoside cleavage, or by glycoside cleavage followed by desulfation. To study these processes, here we report the synthesis of four regioisomerically sulfated p-nitrophenyl glucosaminides from the common precursor p-nitrophenyl N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide. These substrates allowed the rapid analysis of the substrate preferences of a set of four sulfatases and 24 hexosaminidases.Sulfated carbohydrates are components of many glycoconjugates, and are degraded by two major processes: cleavage of the sulfate ester by a sulfatase, or en bloc removal of a sulfated monosaccharide by a glycoside hydrolase. However, these processes have proved difficult to study owing to a lack of homogeneous, defined substrates. We describe here the synthesis of a series of p-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucosaminides bearing sulfate esters at the 2-, 3-, 4- or 6-positions, by divergent routes starting with p-nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside. The sulfated p-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucosaminides were used to study the substrate specificity of four sulfatases (from Helix pomatia, Patella vulgata, abalone, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), and revealed significant differences in the preference of each of these enzymes for desulfation at different positions around the sugar ring. The 3-, 4- and 6-sulfated p-nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucosaminides were screened against a panel of 24 fungal beta-N-acetylhexosaminidases to assess their substrate specificity. While the 4- and 6-sulfates were substrates for many of the fungal enzymes investigated, only a single beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase, that from Penicillium chrysogenum, could hydrolyze the 3-sulfated p-nitrophenyl glycoside. Together these results demonstrate the utility of sulfated p-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucosaminides for the study of both sulfatases and glycoside hydrolases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Loft
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Bojarová P, Williams SJ. Sulfotransferases, sulfatases and formylglycine-generating enzymes: a sulfation fascination. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2009; 12:573-81. [PMID: 18625336 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2008] [Accepted: 06/17/2008] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Sulfotransferases and sulfatases are the major enzymes responsible for sulfate transfer processes. The past two years have seen the elucidation of new functions for these enzymes, and a great progression in their structural characterization, which confirms that these two types of enzymes possess a highly conserved fold. For catalytic activity, sulfatases must contain a formylglycine residue, which is generated by various formylglycine-generating enzymes. Mechanistic and structural details have recently been obtained for a group of cofactor-independent formylglycine-generating enzymes termed FGEs. Finally, an increasing light has been cast upon the mechanism of sulfatase inactivation by a group of clinically important agents, the aryl sulfamates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavla Bojarová
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melboume, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Bojarová P, Williams SJ. Aryl sulfamates are broad spectrum inactivators of sulfatases: effects on sulfatases from various sources. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 19:477-80. [PMID: 19058962 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2008] [Revised: 11/11/2008] [Accepted: 11/12/2008] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Aryl sulfamates were originally developed as inhibitors of steroid sulfatase, and have recently been shown to be powerful inactivators of a bacterial sulfatase, PaAtsA from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We demonstrate that a simple aryl sulfamate, 3-nitrophenyl sulfamate, can inactivate sulfatases from various sources including snail, limpet and abalone. In each case inactivation was time-dependent and active-site directed, as demonstrated by protection against inactivation by substrate. These results suggest that such easily acquired aryl sulfamates can be used as reliable biochemical reagents for the study of sulfatases from a diverse array of sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavla Bojarová
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Rd, 3010 Parkville, Vic., Australia
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