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Prischich D, Sortino R, Gomila-Juaneda A, Matera C, Guardiola S, Nepomuceno D, Varese M, Bonaventure P, de Lecea L, Giralt E, Gorostiza P. In vivo photocontrol of orexin receptors with a nanomolar light-regulated analogue of orexin-B. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:288. [PMID: 38970689 PMCID: PMC11335211 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05308-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Orexinergic neurons are critically involved in regulating arousal, wakefulness, and appetite. Their dysfunction has been associated with sleeping disorders, and non-peptide drugs are currently being developed to treat insomnia and narcolepsy. Yet, no light-regulated agents are available to reversibly control their activity. To meet this need, a photoswitchable peptide analogue of the endogenous neuroexcitatory peptide orexin-B was designed, synthesized, and tested in vitro and in vivo. This compound - photorexin - is the first photo-reversible ligand reported for orexin receptors. It allows dynamic control of activity in vitro (including almost the same efficacy as orexin-B, high nanomolar potency, and subtype selectivity to human OX2 receptors) and in vivo in zebrafish larvae by direct application in water. Photorexin induces dose- and light-dependent changes in locomotion and a reduction in the successive induction reflex that is associated with sleep behavior. Molecular dynamics calculations indicate that trans and cis photorexin adopt similar bent conformations and that the only discriminant between their structures and activities is the positioning of the N-terminus. This, in the case of the more active trans isomer, points towards the OX2 N-terminus and extra-cellular loop 2, a region of the receptor known to be involved in ligand binding and recognition consistent with a "message-address" system. Thus, our approach could be extended to several important families of endogenous peptides, such as endothelins, nociceptin, and dynorphins among others, that bind to their cognate receptors through a similar mechanism: a "message" domain involved in receptor activation and signal transduction, and an "address" sequence for receptor occupation and improved binding affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davia Prischich
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rosalba Sortino
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexandre Gomila-Juaneda
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Carlo Matera
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvador Guardiola
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- ONA Therapeutics, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Monica Varese
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- OMAKASE Consulting, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Luis de Lecea
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ernest Giralt
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Gorostiza
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain.
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
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2
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Matsuura K, Inaba H. Photoresponsive peptide materials: Spatiotemporal control of self-assembly and biological functions. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2023; 4:041303. [PMID: 38505425 PMCID: PMC10903425 DOI: 10.1063/5.0179171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Peptides work as both functional molecules to modulate various biological phenomena and self-assembling artificial materials. The introduction of photoresponsive units to peptides allows the spatiotemporal remote control of their structure and function upon light irradiation. This article overviews the photoresponsive peptide design, interaction with biomolecules, and applications in self-assembling materials over the last 30 years. Peptides modified with photochromic (photoisomerizable) molecules, such as azobenzene and spiropyran, reversibly photo-controlled the binding to biomolecules and nanostructure formation through self-assembly. Photocleavable molecular units irreversibly control the functions of peptides through cleavage of the main chain and deprotection by light. Photocrosslinking between peptides or between peptides and other biomolecules enhances the structural stability of peptide assemblies and complexes. These photoresponsive peptides spatiotemporally controlled the formation and dissociation of peptide assemblies, gene expressions, protein-drug interactions, protein-protein interactions, liposome deformation and motility, cytoskeleton structure and stability, and cell functions by appropriate light irradiation. These molecular systems can be applied to photo-control biological functions, molecular robots, artificial cells, and next-generation smart drug delivery materials.
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3
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Volarić J, Thallmair S, Feringa BL, Szymanski W. Photoswitchable, Water‐soluble Bis‐azobenzene Cross‐linkers with Enhanced Properties for Biological Applications. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202200170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Volarić
- University of Groningen: Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Stratingh Institute for Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Sebastian Thallmair
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies GERMANY
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- University of Groningen: Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Stratingh Institute for Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Wiktor Szymanski
- University Medical Center Groningen Department of Radiology Hanzeplein 1 9747AG Groningen NETHERLANDS
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4
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Tian Y, Tirrell MV, LaBelle JL. Harnessing the Therapeutic Potential of Biomacromolecules through Intracellular Delivery of Nucleic Acids, Peptides, and Proteins. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2102600. [PMID: 35285167 PMCID: PMC9232950 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202102600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Biomacromolecules have long been at the leading edge of academic and pharmaceutical drug development and clinical translation. With the clinical advances of new therapeutics, such as monoclonal antibodies and nucleic acids, the array of medical applications of biomacromolecules has broadened considerably. A major on-going effort is to expand therapeutic targets within intracellular locations. Owing to their large sizes, abundant charges, and hydrogen-bond donors and acceptors, advanced delivery technologies are required to deliver biomacromolecules effectively inside cells. In this review, strategies used for the intracellular delivery of three major forms of biomacromolecules: nucleic acids, proteins, and peptides, are highlighted. An emphasis is placed on synthetic delivery approaches and the major hurdles needed to be overcome for their ultimate clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tian
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Matthew V Tirrell
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - James L LaBelle
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Chicago, 900 E 57th St, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
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5
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Gupta S, Azadvari N, Hosseinzadeh P. Design of Protein Segments and Peptides for Binding to Protein Targets. BIODESIGN RESEARCH 2022; 2022:9783197. [PMID: 37850124 PMCID: PMC10521657 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9783197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed a rise in methods for accurate prediction of structure and design of novel functional proteins. Design of functional protein fragments and peptides occupy a small, albeit unique, space within the general field of protein design. While the smaller size of these peptides allows for more exhaustive computational methods, flexibility in their structure and sparsity of data compared to proteins, as well as presence of noncanonical building blocks, add additional challenges to their design. This review summarizes the current advances in the design of protein fragments and peptides for binding to targets and discusses the challenges in the field, with an eye toward future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchetana Gupta
- Knight Campus Center for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene OR 97403, USA
| | - Noora Azadvari
- Knight Campus Center for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene OR 97403, USA
| | - Parisa Hosseinzadeh
- Knight Campus Center for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene OR 97403, USA
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6
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Bozovic O, Jankovic B, Hamm P. Using azobenzene photocontrol to set proteins in motion. Nat Rev Chem 2021; 6:112-124. [PMID: 37117294 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-021-00338-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the activity of proteins with azobenzene photoswitches is a potent tool for manipulating their biological function. With the help of light, it is possible to change binding affinities, control allostery or manipulate complex biological processes, for example. Additionally, owing to their intrinsically fast photoisomerization, azobenzene photoswitches can serve as triggers that initiate out-of-equilibrium processes. Such switching of the activity initiates a cascade of conformational events that can be accessed with time-resolved methods. In this Review, we show how the potency of azobenzene photoswitching can be combined with transient spectroscopic techniques to disclose the order of events and experimentally observe biomolecular interactions in real time. This strategy will further our understanding of how a protein can accommodate, adapt and readjust its structure to answer an incoming signal, revealing more of the dynamical character of proteins.
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7
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Development and Characterization of Light-Responsive Peptide Macrocycles. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 34596861 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1689-5_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Small molecules, peptide macrocycles, and protein conjugates that reversibly turn their function on and off in response to visible light enabled the fields of photopharmacology and optochemical genetics. In this chapter, we describe a method for the synthesis of light-responsive (LR) macrocycles from linear peptides composed of 20 natural amino acids. Bioactive LR molecules can be produced by grafting azobenzene or other LR-structures onto molecules with known biological functions (e.g., alpha-helical peptides). The resulting macrocyclic peptide contains two loops of amino acids, which is constrained with an azobenzene moiety that can change the conformation in response to visible light.
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8
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Strizhak AV, Babii O, Afonin S, Bakanovich I, Pantelejevs T, Xu W, Fowler E, Eapen R, Sharma K, Platonov MO, Hurmach VV, Itzhaki L, Hyvönen M, Ulrich AS, Spring DR, Komarov IV. Diarylethene moiety as an enthalpy-entropy switch: photoisomerizable stapled peptides for modulating p53/MDM2 interaction. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 18:5359-5369. [PMID: 32390036 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00831a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Analogs of the known inhibitor (peptide pDI) of the p53/MDM2 protein-protein interaction are reported, which are stapled by linkers bearing a photoisomerizable diarylethene moiety. The corresponding photoisomers possess significantly different affinities to the p53-interacting domain of the human MDM2. Apparent dissociation constants are in the picomolar-to-low nanomolar range for those isomers with diarylethene in the "open" configuration, but up to eight times larger for the corresponding "closed" isomers. Spectroscopic, structural, and computational studies showed that the stapling linkers of the peptides contribute to their binding. Calorimetry revealed that the binding of the "closed" isomers is mostly enthalpy-driven, whereas the "open" photoforms bind to the protein stronger due to their increased binding entropy. The results suggest that conformational dynamics of the protein-peptide complexes may explain the differences in the thermodynamic profiles of the binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Strizhak
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, UK. and Enamine Ltd, Vul. Chervonotkatska 78, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Oleg Babii
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), POB 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Sergii Afonin
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), POB 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Iuliia Bakanovich
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, UK. and Enamine Ltd, Vul. Chervonotkatska 78, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Teodors Pantelejevs
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, CB2 1GA Cambridge, UK
| | - Wenshu Xu
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, UK.
| | - Elaine Fowler
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, UK.
| | - Rohan Eapen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, CB2 1PD Cambridge, UK
| | - Krishna Sharma
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, UK.
| | | | - Vasyl V Hurmach
- Enamine Ltd, Vul. Chervonotkatska 78, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine and Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Vul. Volodymyrska 60, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Laura Itzhaki
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, CB2 1PD Cambridge, UK
| | - Marko Hyvönen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, CB2 1GA Cambridge, UK
| | - Anne S Ulrich
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), POB 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. and Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), KIT, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - David R Spring
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, UK.
| | - Igor V Komarov
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Vul. Volodymyrska 60, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine and Lumobiotics GmbH, Auer Str. 2, 76227, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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9
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A photoswitchable helical peptide with light-controllable interface/transmembrane topology in lipidic membranes. iScience 2021; 24:102771. [PMID: 34286233 PMCID: PMC8273423 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The spontaneous insertion of helical transmembrane (TM) polypeptides into lipid bilayers is driven by three sequential equilibria: solution-to-membrane interface (MI) partition, unstructured-to-helical folding, and MI-to-TM helix insertion. A bottleneck for understanding these three steps is the lack of experimental approaches to perturb membrane-bound hydrophobic polypeptides out of equilibrium rapidly and reversibly. Here, we report on a 24-residues-long hydrophobic α-helical polypeptide, covalently coupled to an azobenzene photoswitch (KCALP-azo), which displays a light-controllable TM/MI equilibrium in hydrated lipid bilayers. FTIR spectroscopy reveals that trans KCALP-azo folds as a TM α-helix (TM topology). After trans-to-cis photoisomerization of the azobenzene moiety with UV light (reversed with blue light), the helical structure of KCALP-azo is maintained, but its helix tilt increased from 32 ± 5° to 79 ± 8°, indication of a reversible TM-to-MI transition. Further analysis indicates that this transition is incomplete, with cis KCALP-azo existing in a ∼90% TM and ∼10% MI mixture. We present an α-helical transmembrane peptide modified with a molecular photoswitch The peptide exhibits reversible photocontrol of its membrane topology A fraction moves to the membrane interface with UV and inserts back with blue light This system will be useful to address the molecular mechanism for membrane insertion
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10
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Maity A, Choudhury AR, Chakrabarti R. Effect of Stapling on the Thermodynamics of mdm2-p53 Binding. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:1989-2000. [PMID: 33830760 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Protein-protein interaction (PPI) is one of the key regulatory features driving biomolecular processes and hence is targeted for designing therapeutics against diseases. Small peptides are a new and emerging class of therapeutics owing to their high specificity and low toxicity. For achieving efficient targeting of the PPI, amino acid side chains are often stapled together, resulting in the rigidification of these peptides. Exploring the scope of these peptides demands a comprehensive understanding of their working principle. In this work, two stapled p53 peptides have been considered to delineate their binding mechanism with mdm2 using computational approaches. The addition of stapling agent protects the secondary structure of the peptides even in the case of thermal and chemical denaturation. Although the introduction of a stapling agent increases the hydrophobicity of the peptide, the enthalpic stabilization decreases. This is overcome by the lowering of the entropic penalty, and the overall binding affinity improves. The mechanistic insights into the benefit of peptide stapling can be adopted for further improvement of peptide therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanu Maity
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Asha Rani Choudhury
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Rajarshi Chakrabarti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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11
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Lindsey‐Crosthwait A, Rodriguez‐Lema D, Walko M, Pask CM, Wilson AJ. Structural optimization of reversible dibromomaleimide peptide stapling. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2021; 113:e24157. [PMID: 34938942 PMCID: PMC8650577 DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Methods to constrain peptides in a bioactive α-helical conformation for inhibition of protein-protein interactions represent an ongoing area of investigation in chemical biology. Recently, the first example of a reversible "stapling" methodology was described which exploits native cysteine or homocysteine residues spaced at the i and i + 4 positions in a peptide sequence together with the thiol selective reactivity of dibromomaleimides (a previous study). This manuscript reports on the optimization of the maleimide based constraint, focusing on the kinetics of macrocyclization and the extent to which helicity is promoted with different thiol containing amino acids. The study identified an optimal stapling combination of X 1 = L-Cys and X 5 = L-hCys in the context of the model peptide Ac-X1AAAX5-NH2, which should prove useful in implementing the dibromomaleimide stapling strategy in peptidomimetic ligand discovery programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayanna Lindsey‐Crosthwait
- School of Chemistry, University of LeedsLeedsUK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Diana Rodriguez‐Lema
- School of Chemistry, University of LeedsLeedsUK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Martin Walko
- School of Chemistry, University of LeedsLeedsUK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of LeedsLeedsUK
| | | | - Andrew J. Wilson
- School of Chemistry, University of LeedsLeedsUK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of LeedsLeedsUK
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12
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Dcona MM, Mitra K, Hartman MCT. Photocontrolled activation of small molecule cancer therapeutics. RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:982-1002. [PMID: 33479692 PMCID: PMC7513389 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00107d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Conventional treatment of the disease is comprised of chemotherapy, radiation and surgery among other treatment approaches. Chemotherapy is plagued by multiple side-effects caused due to non-specific drug action. Light-based therapies offer an alternative treatment approach that can be fine tuned to achieve the desired effect to treat the disease and address challenges posed by chemotherapeutic side-effects. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is one of the light mediated treatment modalities that has been successfully applied to treat superficial malignancies with high-efficiency, although its dependence on normoxic conditions limits its efficiency to treat deep-seated tumors. On the other hand, light-sensitive drug-mimetics and drug-release platforms have been deemed efficient in preclinical settings to induce cancer cell death with minimal collateral damage. Drawing from about a decade's worth of examples, we highlight the application of photosensitive molecules as an alternative therapeutic option to PDT and describe their designs that influence the biology of the cancer cells, in turn affecting their viability with high spatio-temporal control.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Michael Dcona
- Department of Internal Medicine , Virginia Commonwealth University , 1201 East Marshall Street , Richmond , 23298 , Virginia , USA .
- Massey Cancer Center , 401 College St. , Richmond , 23219 , Virginia , USA
| | - Koushambi Mitra
- Massey Cancer Center , 401 College St. , Richmond , 23219 , Virginia , USA
- Department of Chemistry , Virginia Commonwealth University , 1001 W Main St , Richmond , 23284 , Virginia , USA
| | - Matthew C T Hartman
- Massey Cancer Center , 401 College St. , Richmond , 23219 , Virginia , USA
- Department of Chemistry , Virginia Commonwealth University , 1001 W Main St , Richmond , 23284 , Virginia , USA
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13
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Li X, Chen S, Zhang WD, Hu HG. Stapled Helical Peptides Bearing Different Anchoring Residues. Chem Rev 2020; 120:10079-10144. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Insititute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Si Chen
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Dong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Gang Hu
- Insititute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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14
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Preußke N, Moormann W, Bamberg K, Lipfert M, Herges R, Sönnichsen FD. Visible-light-driven photocontrol of the Trp-cage protein fold by a diazocine cross-linker. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:2650-2660. [PMID: 32207764 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02442e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Diazocines are characterized by extraordinary photochemical properties rendering them of particular interest for switching the conformation of biomolecules with visible light. Current developments afford synthetic access to unprecedented diazocine derivatives promising particular opportunities in photocontrol of proteins and biological systems. In this work, the well-established approach of photocontrolling the secondary structure of α-helices was exploited using a diazocine to reversibly fold and unfold the tertiary structure of a small protein. The protein of choice was the globulary folded Trp-cage, a widely used model system for the elucidation of protein folding pathways. A specifically designed, short and rigid dicarboxy-functionalized diazocine-based cross-linker was attached to two solvent-exposed side chains at the α-helix of the miniprotein through the use of a primary amine-selective active ester. This cross-linking strategy is orthogonal to the common cysteine-based chemistry. The cross-linked Trp-cage was successfully photoisomerized and exhibited a strong correlation between protein fold and diazocine isomeric state. As determined by NMR spectroscopy, the cis-isomer stabilized the fold, while the trans-isomer led to complete protein unfolding. The successful switching of the protein fold in principle demonstrates the ability to control protein function, as the activity depends on their structural integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Preußke
- Otto-Diels-Institute for Organic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
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15
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Myrhammar A, Rosik D, Karlström AE. Photocontrolled Reversible Binding between the Protein A-Derived Z Domain and Immunoglobulin G. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:622-630. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anders Myrhammar
- Department of Protein Science School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology AlbaNova University Center, S−106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Rosik
- Department of Protein Science School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology AlbaNova University Center, S−106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amelie Eriksson Karlström
- Department of Protein Science School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology AlbaNova University Center, S−106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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16
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Merritt HI, Sawyer N, Arora PS. Bent Into Shape: Folded Peptides to Mimic Protein Structure and Modulate Protein Function. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2020; 112:e24145. [PMID: 33575525 PMCID: PMC7875438 DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Protein secondary and tertiary structure mimics have served as model systems to probe biophysical parameters that guide protein folding and as attractive reagents to modulate protein interactions. Here we review contemporary methods to reproduce loop, helix, sheet and coiled-coil conformations in short peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paramjit S. Arora
- Department of Chemistry New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
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17
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Jing X, Jin K. A gold mine for drug discovery: Strategies to develop cyclic peptides into therapies. Med Res Rev 2019; 40:753-810. [PMID: 31599007 DOI: 10.1002/med.21639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
As a versatile therapeutic modality, peptides attract much attention because of their great binding affinity, low toxicity, and the capability of targeting traditionally "undruggable" protein surfaces. However, the deficiency of cell permeability and metabolic stability always limits the success of in vitro bioactive peptides as drug candidates. Peptide macrocyclization is one of the most established strategies to overcome these limitations. Over the past decades, more than 40 cyclic peptide drugs have been clinically approved, the vast majority of which are derived from natural products. The de novo discovered cyclic peptides on the basis of rational design and in vitro evolution, have also enabled the binding with targets for which nature provides no solutions. The current review summarizes different classes of cyclic peptides with diverse biological activities, and presents an overview of various approaches to develop cyclic peptide-based drug candidates, drawing upon series of examples to illustrate each strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshu Jing
- Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kang Jin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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18
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Albert L, Vázquez O. Photoswitchable peptides for spatiotemporal control of biological functions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:10192-10213. [PMID: 31411602 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc03346g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Light is unsurpassed in its ability to modulate biological interactions. Since their discovery, chemists have been fascinated by photosensitive molecules capable of switching between isomeric forms, known as photoswitches. Photoswitchable peptides have been recognized for many years; however, their functional implementation in biological systems has only recently been achieved. Peptides are now acknowledged as excellent protein-protein interaction modulators and have been important in the emergence of photopharmacology. In this review, we briefly explain the different classes of photoswitches and summarize structural studies when they are incorporated into peptides. Importantly, we provide a detailed overview of the rapidly increasing number of examples, where biological modulation is driven by the structural changes. Furthermore, we discuss some of the remaining challenges faced in this field. These exciting proof-of-principle studies highlight the tremendous potential of photocontrollable peptides as optochemical tools for chemical biology and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Albert
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043, Marburg, Germany.
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19
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Jankovic B, Gulzar A, Zanobini C, Bozovic O, Wolf S, Stock G, Hamm P. Photocontrolling Protein–Peptide Interactions: From Minimal Perturbation to Complete Unbinding. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:10702-10710. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b03222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brankica Jankovic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Adnan Gulzar
- Biomolecular Dynamics, Institute of Physics, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Claudio Zanobini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Olga Bozovic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Steffen Wolf
- Biomolecular Dynamics, Institute of Physics, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Gerhard Stock
- Biomolecular Dynamics, Institute of Physics, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Peter Hamm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland
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20
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Guarracino DA, Riordan JA, Barreto GM, Oldfield AL, Kouba CM, Agrinsoni D. Macrocyclic Control in Helix Mimetics. Chem Rev 2019; 119:9915-9949. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle A. Guarracino
- Department of Chemistry, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey 08628, United States
| | - Jacob A. Riordan
- Department of Chemistry, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey 08628, United States
| | - Gianna M. Barreto
- Department of Chemistry, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey 08628, United States
| | - Alexis L. Oldfield
- Department of Chemistry, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey 08628, United States
| | - Christopher M. Kouba
- Department of Chemistry, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey 08628, United States
| | - Desiree Agrinsoni
- Department of Chemistry, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey 08628, United States
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21
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Yu Z, Liu Y, Zhu J, Han J, Tian X, Han W, Zhao L. Insights from molecular dynamics simulations and steered molecular dynamics simulations to exploit new trends of the interaction between HIF-1α and p300. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:1-12. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1580616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengfei Yu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingxuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiarui Han
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaopian Tian
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Weiwei Han
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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22
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Jafari MR, Yu H, Wickware JM, Lin YS, Derda R. Light-responsive bicyclic peptides. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:7588-7594. [PMID: 30067270 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob03178e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we describe a method for the synthesis of light-responsive (LR) bicyclic macrocycles from linear peptides composed of 20 natural amino acids. Small molecules, peptide macrocycles, and protein conjugates that reversibly turn their function on and off in response to visible light enabled the fields of photopharmacology and optochemical genetics. Bioactive LR molecules could be produced by grafting azobenzene or other LR-structures onto molecules with known biological functions (e.g., alpha-helical peptides). It is also possible to discover such LR ligands de novo by selecting compounds with a desired function-such as binding to a target-from a library of LR-compounds or a genetically-encoded (GE) library of LR-macrocycles. The bicyclic topology of ligands offers added value such as improved binding and stability when compared to monocyclic peptides, but approaches for the design of bicyclic light-responsive architectures are limited. To address this need, we developed a tridentate C2-symmetric hydroxyl amine and di-chlorobenzene containing azobenzene (HADCAz) LR-linker with two orthogonally reactive functionalities (chlorobenzyl and hydroxylamine) to convert a linear unprotected peptide into a bicyclic peptide in a one-pot, two-step reaction. This linker reversibly isomerizes from the trans to cis form upon irradiation with blue light (365 nm). The resulting bicyclic peptide contains two loops of amino acids, one of which is constrained with an azobenzene moiety that can change the conformation in response to visible light. A scalable synthetic route to the HADCAz linker allowed us to demonstrate its application in multiple synthetic bicyclic peptides with loops that contain 2-5 amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad R Jafari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2G2, Canada.
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23
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Ali AM, Atmaj J, Van Oosterwijk N, Groves MR, Dömling A. Stapled Peptides Inhibitors: A New Window for Target Drug Discovery. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2019; 17:263-281. [PMID: 30867891 PMCID: PMC6396041 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein-protein interaction (PPI) is a hot topic in clinical research as protein networking has a major impact in human disease. Such PPIs are potential drugs targets, leading to the need to inhibit/block specific PPIs. While small molecule inhibitors have had some success and reached clinical trials, they have generally failed to address the flat and large nature of PPI surfaces. As a result, larger biologics were developed for PPI surfaces and they have successfully targeted PPIs located outside the cell. However, biologics have low bioavailability and cannot reach intracellular targets. A novel class -hydrocarbon-stapled α-helical peptides that are synthetic mini-proteins locked into their bioactive structure through site-specific introduction of a chemical linker- has shown promise. Stapled peptides show an ability to inhibit intracellular PPIs that previously have been intractable with traditional small molecule or biologics, suggesting that they offer a novel therapeutic modality. In this review, we highlight what stapling adds to natural-mimicking peptides, describe the revolution of synthetic chemistry techniques and how current drug discovery approaches have been adapted to stabilize active peptide conformations, including ring-closing metathesis (RCM), lactamisation, cycloadditions and reversible reactions. We provide an overview on the available stapled peptide high-resolution structures in the protein data bank, with four selected structures discussed in details due to remarkable interactions of their staple with the target surface. We believe that stapled peptides are promising drug candidates and open the doors for peptide therapeutics to reach currently "undruggable" space.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alexander Dömling
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan1, 9700AD Groningen, the Netherlands
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24
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Roy S, Ghosh P, Ahmed I, Chakraborty M, Naiya G, Ghosh B. Constrained α-Helical Peptides as Inhibitors of Protein-Protein and Protein-DNA Interactions. Biomedicines 2018; 6:E118. [PMID: 30567318 PMCID: PMC6315407 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6040118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular regulatory pathways are replete with protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions, offering attractive targets for therapeutic interventions. So far, most drugs are targeted toward enzymes and extracellular receptors. Protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions have long been considered as "undruggable". Protein-DNA interactions, in particular, present a difficult challenge due to the repetitive nature of the B-DNA. Recent studies have provided several breakthroughs; however, a design methodology for these classes of inhibitors is still at its infancy. A dominant motif of these macromolecular interactions is an α-helix, raising possibilities that an appropriate conformationally-constrained α-helical peptide may specifically disrupt these interactions. Several methods for conformationally constraining peptides to the α-helical conformation have been developed, including stapling, covalent surrogates of hydrogen bonds and incorporation of unnatural amino acids that restrict the conformational space of the peptide. We will discuss these methods and several case studies where constrained α-helices have been used as building blocks for appropriate molecules. Unlike small molecules, the delivery of these short peptides to their targets is not straightforward as they may possess unfavorable cell penetration and ADME properties. Several methods have been developed in recent times to overcome some of these problems. We will discuss these issues and the prospects of this class of molecules as drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Roy
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P1/12 CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, India.
| | - Piya Ghosh
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P1/12 CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, India.
| | - Israr Ahmed
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P1/12 CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, India.
| | - Madhumita Chakraborty
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P1/12 CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, India.
| | - Gitashri Naiya
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P1/12 CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, India.
| | - Basusree Ghosh
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P1/12 CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, India.
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25
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Nevola L, Varese M, Martín-Quirós A, Mari G, Eckelt K, Gorostiza P, Giralt E. Targeted Nanoswitchable Inhibitors of Protein-Protein Interactions Involved in Apoptosis. ChemMedChem 2018; 14:100-106. [PMID: 30380184 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Progress in drug delivery is hampered by a lack of efficient strategies to target drugs with high specificity and precise spatiotemporal regulation. The remote control of nanoparticles and drugs with light allows regulation of their action site and dosage. Peptide-based drugs are highly specific, non-immunogenic, and can be designed to cross the plasma membrane. In order to combine target specificity and remote control of drug action, here we describe a versatile strategy based on a generalized template to design nanoswitchable peptides that modulate protein-protein interactions upon light activation. This approach is demonstrated to promote photomodulation of two important targets involved in apoptosis (the interactions Bcl-xL-Bak and MDM2-p53), but can be also applied to a large pool of therapeutically relevant protein-protein interactions mediated by α-helical motifs. The template can be adjusted using readily available information about hot spots (residues contributing most to the binding energy) at the protein-protein interface of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Nevola
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Monica Varese
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Giacomo Mari
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,University of Bologna, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Kay Eckelt
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,Network Biomedical Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Pau Gorostiza
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,Network Biomedical Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, 08010, Spain
| | - Ernest Giralt
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, 080280, Spain
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26
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Heu W, Choi JM, Kyeong HH, Choi Y, Kim HY, Kim HS. Repeat Module-Based Rational Design of a Photoswitchable Protein for Light-Driven Control of Biological Processes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201803993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Woosung Heu
- Department of Biological Sciences; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon Korea
| | - Jung Min Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon Korea
| | - Hyun-Ho Kyeong
- Department of Biological Sciences; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon Korea
| | - Yoonjoo Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon Korea
| | - Hee Yeon Kim
- Graduate school of Nanoscience and Technology; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon Korea
| | - Hak-Sung Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon Korea
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27
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Heu W, Choi JM, Kyeong HH, Choi Y, Kim HY, Kim HS. Repeat Module-Based Rational Design of a Photoswitchable Protein for Light-Driven Control of Biological Processes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10859-10863. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201803993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Woosung Heu
- Department of Biological Sciences; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon Korea
| | - Jung Min Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon Korea
| | - Hyun-Ho Kyeong
- Department of Biological Sciences; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon Korea
| | - Yoonjoo Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon Korea
| | - Hee Yeon Kim
- Graduate school of Nanoscience and Technology; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon Korea
| | - Hak-Sung Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon Korea
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28
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Stock G, Hamm P. A non-equilibrium approach to allosteric communication. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 373:20170187. [PMID: 29735740 PMCID: PMC5941181 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While the theory of protein folding is well developed, including concepts such as rugged energy landscape, folding funnel, etc., the same degree of understanding has not been reached for the description of the dynamics of allosteric transitions in proteins. This is not only due to the small size of the structural change upon ligand binding to an allosteric site, but also due to challenges in designing experiments that directly observe such an allosteric transition. On the basis of recent pump-probe-type experiments (Buchli et al. 2013 Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA110, 11 725-11 730. (doi:10.1073/pnas.1306323110)) and non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations (Buchenberg et al. 2017 Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA114, E6804-E6811. (doi:10.1073/pnas.1707694114)) studying an photoswitchable PDZ2 domain as model for an allosteric transition, we outline in this perspective how such a description of allosteric communication might look. That is, calculating the dynamical content of both experiment and simulation (which agree remarkably well with each other), we find that allosteric communication shares some properties with downhill folding, except that it is an 'order-order' transition. Discussing the multiscale and hierarchical features of the dynamics, the validity of linear response theory as well as the meaning of 'allosteric pathways', we conclude that non-equilibrium experiments and simulations are a promising way to study dynamical aspects of allostery.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Allostery and molecular machines'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Stock
- Biomolecular Dynamics, Institute of Physics, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Hamm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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29
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Robertson NS, Spring DR. Using Peptidomimetics and Constrained Peptides as Valuable Tools for Inhibiting Protein⁻Protein Interactions. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040959. [PMID: 29671834 PMCID: PMC6017787 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) are tremendously important for the function of many biological processes. However, because of the structure of many protein–protein interfaces (flat, featureless and relatively large), they have largely been overlooked as potential drug targets. In this review, we highlight the current tools used to study the molecular recognition of PPIs through the use of different peptidomimetics, from small molecules and scaffolds to peptides. Then, we focus on constrained peptides, and in particular, ways to constrain α-helices through stapling using both one- and two-component techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi S Robertson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - David R Spring
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
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30
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Abstract
The last few years have witnessed significant advances in the use of light as a stimulus to control biomolecular interactions. Great efforts have been devoted to the development of genetically encoded optobiological and small photochromic switches. Newly discovered small molecules now allow researchers to build molecular systems that are sensitive to a wider range of wavelengths of light than ever before with improved switching fidelities and increased lifetimes of the photoactivated states. Because these molecules are relatively small and adopt predictable conformations they are well suited as tools to interrogate cellular function in a spatially and temporally contolled fashion and for applications in photopharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Mart
- School of Chemistry & Cardiff Catalysis Institute, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK.
| | - Rudolf K Allemann
- School of Chemistry & Cardiff Catalysis Institute, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK.
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31
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Zhu M, Zhou H. Azobenzene-based small molecular photoswitches for protein modulation. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:8434-8445. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02157k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the design strategies of azobenzene photoswitches as well as their applications in the manipulation of biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism
- School of Pharmacy
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- China
| | - Huchen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism
- School of Pharmacy
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- China
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32
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Strizhak AV, Sharma K, Babii O, Afonin S, Ulrich AS, Komarov IV, Spring DR. Highly reactive bis-cyclooctyne-modified diarylethene for SPAAC-mediated cross-linking. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:8559-8564. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02428f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photoisomerizable diarylethenes equipped with triple bonds are promising building blocks for constructing bistable photocontrollable systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Krishna Sharma
- University Chemical Laboratory
- University of Cambridge
- CB2 1EW Cambridge
- UK
| | - Oleg Babii
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76021 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Sergii Afonin
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76021 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Anne S. Ulrich
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76021 Karlsruhe
- Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC)
| | - Igor V. Komarov
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
- Institute of High Technologies
- 01601 Kyiv
- Ukraine
- Lumobiotics GmbH
| | - David R. Spring
- University Chemical Laboratory
- University of Cambridge
- CB2 1EW Cambridge
- UK
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33
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Liu Y, Gao X, Wei D, Ren Y. Reversible Photocontrol of Lipase Activity by Incorporating a Photoswitch into the Lid Domain. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201700045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Xin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Dongzhi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Yuhong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
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34
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Grison CM, Burslem GM, Miles JA, Pilsl LKA, Yeo DJ, Imani Z, Warriner SL, Webb ME, Wilson AJ. Double quick, double click reversible peptide "stapling". Chem Sci 2017; 8:5166-5171. [PMID: 28970902 PMCID: PMC5618791 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc01342f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A versatile, rapid and reversible approach to constrain peptides in a bioactive helical conformation and bearing a functional handle for inhibition of protein–protein interactions is described.
The development of constrained peptides for inhibition of protein–protein interactions is an emerging strategy in chemical biology and drug discovery. This manuscript introduces a versatile, rapid and reversible approach to constrain peptides in a bioactive helical conformation using BID and RNase S peptides as models. Dibromomaleimide is used to constrain BID and RNase S peptide sequence variants bearing cysteine (Cys) or homocysteine (hCys) amino acids spaced at i and i + 4 positions by double substitution. The constraint can be readily removed by displacement of the maleimide using excess thiol. This new constraining methodology results in enhanced α-helical conformation (BID and RNase S peptide) as demonstrated by circular dichroism and molecular dynamics simulations, resistance to proteolysis (BID) as demonstrated by trypsin proteolysis experiments and retained or enhanced potency of inhibition for Bcl-2 family protein–protein interactions (BID), or greater capability to restore the hydrolytic activity of the RNAse S protein (RNase S peptide). Finally, use of a dibromomaleimide functionalized with an alkyne permits further divergent functionalization through alkyne–azide cycloaddition chemistry on the constrained peptide with fluorescein, oligoethylene glycol or biotin groups to facilitate biophysical and cellular analyses. Hence this methodology may extend the scope and accessibility of peptide stapling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Grison
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK . .,Astbury Centre For Structural Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK
| | - George M Burslem
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK . .,Astbury Centre For Structural Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK
| | - Jennifer A Miles
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK . .,Astbury Centre For Structural Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK
| | - Ludwig K A Pilsl
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK . .,Astbury Centre For Structural Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK
| | - David J Yeo
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK . .,Astbury Centre For Structural Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK
| | - Zeynab Imani
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK . .,Astbury Centre For Structural Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK
| | - Stuart L Warriner
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK . .,Astbury Centre For Structural Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK
| | - Michael E Webb
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK . .,Astbury Centre For Structural Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK
| | - Andrew J Wilson
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK . .,Astbury Centre For Structural Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK
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35
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Fairlie DP, Dantas de Araujo A. Stapling peptides using cysteine crosslinking. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2016; 106:843-852. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.22877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David P Fairlie
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, the University of QueenslandBrisbane QLD4072 Australia
| | - Aline Dantas de Araujo
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, the University of QueenslandBrisbane QLD4072 Australia
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36
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Mart RJ, Meah D, Allemann RK. Photocontrolled Exposure of Pro-apoptotic Peptide Sequences in LOV Proteins Modulates Bcl-2 Family Interactions. Chembiochem 2016; 17:698-701. [PMID: 26493687 PMCID: PMC5063126 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
LOV domains act as biomolecular sensors for light, oxygen or the environment's redox potential. Conformational changes upon the formation of a covalent cysteinyl flavin adduct are propagated through hydrogen-bonding networks in the core of designed hybrid phototropin LOV2 domains that incorporate the Bcl homology region 3 (BH3) of the key pro-apoptotic protein BH3-interacting-domain death agonist (BID). The resulting change in conformation of a flanking amphiphilic α-helix creates a light-dependent optogenetic tool for the modulation of interactions with the anti-apoptotic B-cell leukaemia-2 (Bcl-2) family member Bcl-xL .
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Mart
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Dilruba Meah
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Rudolf K Allemann
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK.
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37
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Martín-Quirós A, Nevola L, Eckelt K, Madurga S, Gorostiza P, Giralt E. Absence of a stable secondary structure is not a limitation for photoswitchable inhibitors of β-arrestin/β-Adaptin 2 protein-protein interaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 22:31-7. [PMID: 25615951 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2014.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Many protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are mediated by short, often helical, linear peptides. Molecules mimicking these peptides have been used to inhibit their PPIs. Recently, photoswitchable peptides with little secondary structure have been developed as modulators of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Here we perform a systematic analysis of a series of azobenzene-crosslinked peptides based on a β-arrestin P-long 20-mer peptide (BAP-long) sequence to assess the relevance of secondary structure in their interaction with β-adaptin 2 and to identify the design requirements for photoswitchable inhibitors of PPI (PIPPIs). We observe that flexible structures show a greater inhibitory capacity and enhanced photoswitching ability and that the absence of helical structures in free inhibitor peptide is not a limitation for PIPPI candidates. Therefore, our PIPPIs expand the field of potential inhibitors of PPIs to the wide group of flexible peptides, and we argue against using a stable secondary structure as a sole criterion when designing PIPPI candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Nevola
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Kay Eckelt
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona 08028, Spain; Network Biomedical Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Sergio Madurga
- Institute for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (IQTCUB), Barcelona 08028, Spain; Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Pau Gorostiza
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona 08028, Spain; Network Biomedical Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid 28029, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona 08010, Spain.
| | - Ernest Giralt
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona 08028, Spain; Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona 080280, Spain.
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38
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Pelay-Gimeno M, Glas A, Koch O, Grossmann TN. Structure-Based Design of Inhibitors of Protein-Protein Interactions: Mimicking Peptide Binding Epitopes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:8896-927. [PMID: 26119925 PMCID: PMC4557054 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201412070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 496] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are involved at all levels of cellular organization, thus making the development of PPI inhibitors extremely valuable. The identification of selective inhibitors is challenging because of the shallow and extended nature of PPI interfaces. Inhibitors can be obtained by mimicking peptide binding epitopes in their bioactive conformation. For this purpose, several strategies have been evolved to enable a projection of side chain functionalities in analogy to peptide secondary structures, thereby yielding molecules that are generally referred to as peptidomimetics. Herein, we introduce a new classification of peptidomimetics (classes A-D) that enables a clear assignment of available approaches. Based on this classification, the Review summarizes strategies that have been applied for the structure-based design of PPI inhibitors through stabilizing or mimicking turns, β-sheets, and helices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pelay-Gimeno
- Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck SocietyOtto-Hahn-Strasse 15, 44227 Dortmund (Germany) E-mail:
| | - Adrian Glas
- Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck SocietyOtto-Hahn-Strasse 15, 44227 Dortmund (Germany) E-mail:
| | - Oliver Koch
- TU Dortmund University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyOtto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund (Germany)
| | - Tom N Grossmann
- Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck SocietyOtto-Hahn-Strasse 15, 44227 Dortmund (Germany) E-mail:
- TU Dortmund University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyOtto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund (Germany)
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39
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Pelay-Gimeno M, Glas A, Koch O, Grossmann TN. Strukturbasierte Entwicklung von Protein-Protein-Interaktionsinhibitoren: Stabilisierung und Nachahmung von Peptidliganden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201412070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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40
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Lau YH, de Andrade P, McKenzie GJ, Venkitaraman AR, Spring DR. Linear aliphatic dialkynes as alternative linkers for double-click stapling of p53-derived peptides. Chembiochem 2014; 15:2680-3. [PMID: 25354189 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201402374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We investigated linear aliphatic dialkynes as a new structural class of i,i+7 linkers for the double-click stapling of p53-based peptides. The optimal combination of azido amino acids and dialkynyl linker length for MDM2 binding was determined. In a direct comparison between aliphatic and aromatic staple scaffolds, the aliphatic staples resulted in superior binding to MDM2 in vitro and superior p53-activating capability in cells when using a diazidopeptide derived from phage display. This work demonstrates that the nature of the staple scaffold is an important factor that can affect peptide bioactivity in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Heng Lau
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW (UK)
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41
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Hill TA, Shepherd NE, Diness F, Fairlie DP. Constraining cyclic peptides to mimic protein structure motifs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:13020-41. [PMID: 25287434 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201401058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Many proteins exert their biological activities through small exposed surface regions called epitopes that are folded peptides of well-defined three-dimensional structures. Short synthetic peptide sequences corresponding to these bioactive protein surfaces do not form thermodynamically stable protein-like structures in water. However, short peptides can be induced to fold into protein-like bioactive conformations (strands, helices, turns) by cyclization, in conjunction with the use of other molecular constraints, that helps to fine-tune three-dimensional structure. Such constrained cyclic peptides can have protein-like biological activities and potencies, enabling their uses as biological probes and leads to therapeutics, diagnostics and vaccines. This Review highlights examples of cyclic peptides that mimic three-dimensional structures of strand, turn or helical segments of peptides and proteins, and identifies some additional restraints incorporated into natural product cyclic peptides and synthetic macrocyclic peptidomimetics that refine peptide structure and confer biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Hill
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072 (Australia)
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42
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Hill TA, Shepherd NE, Diness F, Fairlie DP. Fixierung cyclischer Peptide: Mimetika von Proteinstrukturmotiven. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201401058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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43
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Lau YH, de Andrade P, Wu Y, Spring DR. Peptide stapling techniques based on different macrocyclisation chemistries. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 44:91-102. [PMID: 25199043 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00246f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 408] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Peptide stapling is a strategy for constraining short peptides typically in an alpha-helical conformation. Stapling is carried out by covalently linking the side-chains of two amino acids, thereby forming a peptide macrocycle. There is an expanding repertoire of stapling techniques based on different macrocyclisation chemistries. In this tutorial review, we categorise and analyse key examples of peptide stapling in terms of their synthesis and applicability to biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Heng Lau
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
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44
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Lau YH, de Andrade P, Sköld N, McKenzie GJ, Venkitaraman AR, Verma C, Lane DP, Spring DR. Investigating peptide sequence variations for 'double-click' stapled p53 peptides. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:4074-7. [PMID: 24817343 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00742e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Stapling peptides for inhibiting the p53/MDM2 interaction is a promising strategy for developing anti-cancer therapeutic leads. We evaluate double-click stapled peptides formed from p53-based diazidopeptides with different staple positions and azido amino acid side-chain lengths, determining the impact of these variations on MDM2 binding and cellular activity. We also demonstrate a K24R mutation, necessary for cellular activity in hydrocarbon-stapled p53 peptides, is not required for analogous 'double-click' peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Heng Lau
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom.
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45
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Mart RJ, Errington RJ, Watkins CL, Chappell SC, Wiltshire M, Jones AT, Smith PJ, Allemann RK. BH3 helix-derived biophotonic nanoswitches regulate cytochrome c release in permeabilised cells. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2014; 9:2597-603. [PMID: 23942570 DOI: 10.1039/c3mb70246d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic physical interactions between proteins underpin all key cellular processes and are a highly attractive area for the development of research tools and medicines. Protein-protein interactions frequently involve α-helical structures, but peptides matching the sequences of these structures usually do not fold correctly in isolation. Therefore, much research has focused on the creation of small peptides that adopt stable α-helical structures even in the absence of their intended protein targets. We show that short peptides alkylated with azobenzene crosslinkers can be used to photo-stimulate mitochondrial membrane depolarization and cytochrome c release in permeabilised cells, the initial events of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Mart
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK.
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46
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Burslem GM, Kyle HF, Breeze AL, Edwards TA, Nelson A, Warriner SL, Wilson AJ. Small-molecule proteomimetic inhibitors of the HIF-1α-p300 protein-protein interaction. Chembiochem 2014; 15:1083-7. [PMID: 24782431 PMCID: PMC4159589 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201400009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutically relevant hypoxia inducible factor HIF-1α–p300 protein–protein interaction can be orthosterically inhibited with α-helix mimetics based on an oligoamide scaffold that recapitulates essential features of the C-terminal helix of the HIF-1α C-TAD (C-terminal transactivation domain). Preliminary SAR studies demonstrated the important role of side-chain size and hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity in determining potency. These small molecules represent the first biophysically characterised HIF-1α–p300 PPI inhibitors and the first examples of small-molecule aromatic oligoamide helix mimetics to be shown to have a selective binding profile. Although the compounds were less potent than HIF-1α, the result is still remarkable in that the mimetic reproduces only three residues from the 42-residue HIF-1α C-TAD from which it is derived.
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Affiliation(s)
- George M Burslem
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT (UK); Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT (UK)
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47
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Milroy LG, Grossmann TN, Hennig S, Brunsveld L, Ottmann C. Modulators of Protein–Protein Interactions. Chem Rev 2014; 114:4695-748. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400698c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lech-Gustav Milroy
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech
2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Tom N. Grossmann
- Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, Otto-Hahn Straße 15, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technical University Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sven Hennig
- Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, Otto-Hahn Straße 15, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Luc Brunsveld
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech
2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Ottmann
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech
2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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48
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Hoppmann C, Lacey VK, Louie GV, Wei J, Noel JP, Wang L. Genetically encoding photoswitchable click amino acids in Escherichia coli and mammalian cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:3932-6. [PMID: 24615769 PMCID: PMC4051619 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201400001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The ability to reversibly control protein structure and function with light would offer high spatiotemporal resolution for investigating biological processes. To confer photoresponsiveness on general proteins, we genetically incorporated a set of photoswitchable click amino acids (PSCaas), which contain both a reversible photoswitch and an additional click functional group for further modifications. Orthogonal tRNA-synthetases were evolved to genetically encode PSCaas bearing azobenzene with an alkene, keto, or benzyl chloride group in E. coli and in mammalian cells. After incorporation into calmodulin, the benzyl chloride PSCaa spontaneously generated a covalent protein bridge by reacting with a nearby cysteine residue through proximity-enabled bioreactivity. The resultant azobenzene bridge isomerized in response to light, thereby changing the conformation of calmodulin. These genetically encodable PSCaas will prove valuable for engineering photoswitchable bridges into proteins for reversible optogenetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hoppmann
- Chemical Biology and Proteomics Laboratory The Salk Institute for Biological Studies 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Vanessa K. Lacey
- Chemical Biology and Proteomics Laboratory The Salk Institute for Biological Studies 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Gordon V. Louie
- Chemical Biology and Proteomics Laboratory The Salk Institute for Biological Studies 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Jing Wei
- Jadebio, Inc., La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Joseph P. Noel
- Chemical Biology and Proteomics Laboratory The Salk Institute for Biological Studies 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - Lei Wang
- Chemical Biology and Proteomics Laboratory The Salk Institute for Biological Studies 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
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49
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Hoppmann C, Lacey VK, Louie GV, Wei J, Noel JP, Wang L. Genetically Encoding Photoswitchable Click Amino Acids inEscherichia coliand Mammalian Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201400001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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50
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Lau YH, de Andrade P, Quah ST, Rossmann M, Laraia L, Sköld N, Sum TJ, Rowling PJE, Joseph TL, Verma C, Hyvönen M, Itzhaki LS, Venkitaraman AR, Brown CJ, Lane DP, Spring DR. Functionalised staple linkages for modulating the cellular activity of stapled peptides. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4sc00045e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A divergent synthetic strategy for generating helical p53 peptides bearing functionalised staple linkages, allowing for efficient optimisation of cellular activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Heng Lau
- University Chemical Laboratory
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | | | | | - Maxim Rossmann
- Department of Biochemistry
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Luca Laraia
- University Chemical Laboratory
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
- MRC Cancer Unit
- Hutchison/MRC Research Centre
| | - Niklas Sköld
- University Chemical Laboratory
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Tze Jing Sum
- University Chemical Laboratory
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | | | | | - Chandra Verma
- Bioinformatics Institute (A*STAR)
- , Singapore 138671
- Department of Biological Sciences
- National University of Singapore (NUS)
- Singapore 117543
| | - Marko Hyvönen
- Department of Biochemistry
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Laura S. Itzhaki
- Department of Pharmacology
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK
| | | | | | | | - David R. Spring
- University Chemical Laboratory
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
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