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Shuai Q, Xie W, Chen S, Su H, Yan Y. Novel aromatic moieties-modified poly(glycidyl amine)s with potent siRNA delivery and cancer treatment effect. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:3115-3128. [PMID: 38451094 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02876c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The development of safe and effective delivery systems is critical for the clinical applications of siRNA-based therapeutics. Polymer-based vectors have garnered significant attention owing to their structural flexibility and functional tunability. Polyethyleneimine (PEI) has been extensively studied for nucleic acid delivery; nevertheless, its high cytotoxicity has posed challenges for clinical applications. In this study, we have reported poly(glycidyl amine) (PGAm), a linear PEI analogue, demonstrating remarkable siRNA delivery efficacy and improved biocompatibility. By introducing three aromatic moieties (tyrosine, p-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid, and phenylalanine) at varying ratios to further modify PGAms, we successfully constructed a library comprising 36 PGAm-based carriers. In vitro evaluations revealed that PGAm-based carriers exhibited significantly enhanced biocompatibility and reduced non-specific protein absorption in comparison to PEI25k. Among them, 10 modified PGAms achieved a knockdown of target gene expressions exceeding 80%, and 26 modified PGAms maintained over 70% cell viability when utilized for the in vitro delivery of siRNA to HeLa cells. Explorations into the structure-activity relationship of PGAm-based polyplex nanoparticles (NPs) indicated that the siRNA delivery efficacy of NPs depended on factors such as the molecular weight of PGAm precursors, the type of modifying moieties, and the modification ratio. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that two top-performing NPs, namely 2T100/siLuc and 2A50/siLuc, exhibited potent silencing of target genes in tumors following i.v. injection into mice bearing HeLa-Luc xenografts. The in vivo efficacy of the selected NPs was further validated by a remarkable anti-cancer effect when employed for the delivery of siRNA targeting polo-like kinase 1 (siPLK1) to mice with PC-3 xenograft tumors. The intravenous administration of NPs resulted in a substantial inhibition of tumor growth without significant toxicity. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of employing PGAm in siRNA delivery and provide valuable insights for the development of efficient siRNA carriers based on PGAm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shuai
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Wanxuan Xie
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Siyuan Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Huahui Su
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Yunfeng Yan
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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2
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Yang W, Miyazaki T, Nakagawa Y, Boonstra E, Masuda K, Nakashima Y, Chen P, Mixich L, Barthelmes K, Matsumoto A, Mi P, Uchida S, Cabral H. Block catiomers with flanking hydrolyzable tyrosinate groups enhance in vivo mRNA delivery via π-π stacking-assisted micellar assembly. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2023; 24:2170164. [PMID: 36950277 PMCID: PMC10026751 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2023.2170164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) therapeutics have recently demonstrated high clinical potential with the accelerated approval of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. To fulfill the promise of unprecedented mRNA-based treatments, the development of safe and efficient carriers is still necessary to achieve effective delivery of mRNA. Herein, we prepared mRNA-loaded nanocarriers for enhanced in vivo delivery using biocompatible block copolymers having functional amino acid moieties for tunable interaction with mRNA. The block copolymers were based on flexible poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(glycerol) (PEG-PG) modified with glycine (Gly), leucine (Leu) or tyrosine (Tyr) via ester bonds to generate block catiomers. Moreover, the amino acids can be gradually detached from the block copolymers after ester bond hydrolyzation, avoiding cytotoxic effects. When mixed with mRNA, the block catiomers formed narrowly distributed polymeric micelles with high stability and enhanced delivery efficiency. Particularly, the micelles based on tyrosine-modified PEG-PG (PEG-PGTyr), which formed a polyion complex (PIC) and π-π stacking with mRNA, displayed excellent stability against polyanions and promoted mRNA integrity in serum. PEG-PGTyr-based micelles also increased the cellular uptake and the endosomal escape, promoting high protein expression both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the PEG-PGTyr-based micelles significantly extended the half-life of the loaded mRNA after intravenous injection. Our results highlight the potential of PEG-PGTyr-based micelles as safe and effective carriers for mRNA, expediting the rational design of polymeric materials for enhanced mRNA delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Radiology, Center for Medical Imaging, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Takuya Miyazaki
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Ebina, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nakagawa
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eger Boonstra
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keita Masuda
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakashima
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Pengwen Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lucas Mixich
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kevin Barthelmes
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Ebina, Japan
| | - Akira Matsumoto
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Peng Mi
- Department of Radiology, Center for Medical Imaging, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Satoshi Uchida
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Horacio Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Kubczak M, Michlewska S, Karimov M, Ewe A, Aigner A, Bryszewska M, Ionov M. Comparison of tyrosine-modified low molecular weight branched and linear polyethylenimines for siRNA delivery. Nanotoxicology 2022; 16:867-882. [PMID: 36697400 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2022.2159891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Polyethylenimines (PEIs) have been previously introduced for siRNA delivery. In particular, in the case of higher molecular weight PEIs, this is associated with toxicity, while low molecular weight PEIs are often insufficient for siRNA complexation. The tyrosine-modification of PEIs has been shown to enhance PEI efficacy and biocompatibility. This paper evaluates a set of tyrosine-modified low molecular weight linear or branched polyethylenimines as efficient carriers of siRNA. Complexation efficacies and biophysical complex properties were analyzed by zeta potential, dynamic light scattering and circular dichroism measurements as well as gel electrophoresis. Biological knockdown was studied in 2 D cell culture and 3 D ex vivo tissue slice air-liquid interface culture. The results demonstrate that siRNAs were able to form stable complexes with all tested polymers. Complexation was able to protect siRNA from degradation by RNase and to mediate target gene knockdown, as determined on the mRNA level and in PC3-Luc3/EGFP and HCT116-Luc3/EGFP expressing reporter cells on the protein level, using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. The direct comparison of the studied polymers revealed differences in biological efficacies. Moreover, the tyrosine-modified PEIs showed high biocompatibility, as determined by LDH release and mitochondria integrity (J-aggregate assay) as well as caspase 3/7 (apoptosis) and H2O2 levels (ROS). In 3 D tissue slices, complexes based on LP10Y proved to be most efficient, by combining tissue penetration with efficient gene expression knockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Kubczak
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Sylwia Michlewska
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.,Laboratory of Microscopic Imaging and Specialized Biological Techniques, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Michael Karimov
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Germany, Leipzig
| | - Alexander Ewe
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Germany, Leipzig
| | - Achim Aigner
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Germany, Leipzig
| | - Maria Bryszewska
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Maksim Ionov
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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4
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Kubczak M, Michlewska S, Karimov M, Ewe A, Noske S, Aigner A, Bryszewska M, Ionov M. Unmodified and tyrosine-modified polyethylenimines as potential carriers for siRNA: Biophysical characterization and toxicity. Int J Pharm 2022; 614:121468. [PMID: 35031413 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Polyethylenimines (PEIs) are being explored as efficient non-viral nanocarriers for nucleic acid delivery in vitro and in vivo. To address limitations regarding PEI efficacy and biocompatibility, modifications of the chemical structure of linear and branched PEIs have been introduced, including grafting with tyrosine. The aim has been to compare linear and branched polyethylenimines of a wider range of different molecular mass with their tyrosine-modified derivatives. To do so, physico-chemical and biological properties of the polymers were investigated. Even in the absence of a negatively charged nucleic acid counterpart, PEIs form particle structures with defined size and surface potential. Tyrosine modification of PEI led to significantly reduced toxicity, while simultaneously increasing interaction with cellular membranes. All the effects were also dependent on the PEI molecular weight and structure (i.e., linear vs. branched). Especially in the case of linear PEIs, the improved membrane interaction also translated into slightly enhanced hemolysis, whereas their genotoxic potential was essentially abolished. Due to the improvement of properties critical for nano-vector efficacy and biocompatibility, our data demonstrate that tyrosine-modified PEIs are very promising and safe nanocarriers for the delivery of small RNAs, like siRNAs and miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Kubczak
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Poland.
| | - Sylwia Michlewska
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Poland; Laboratory of Microscopic Imaging and Specialized Biological Techniques, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Michael Karimov
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Germany
| | - Alexander Ewe
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Germany
| | - Sandra Noske
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Germany
| | - Achim Aigner
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Germany
| | - Maria Bryszewska
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Maksim Ionov
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Poland
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Karimov M, Schulz M, Kahl T, Noske S, Kubczak M, Gockel I, Thieme R, Büch T, Reinert A, Ionov M, Bryszewska M, Franke H, Krügel U, Ewe A, Aigner A. Tyrosine-modified linear PEIs for highly efficacious and biocompatible siRNA delivery in vitro and in vivo. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2021; 36:102403. [PMID: 33932594 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic gene silencing by RNA interference relies on the safe and efficient in vivo delivery of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). Polyethylenimines are among the most studied cationic polymers for gene delivery. For several reasons including superior tolerability, small linear PEIs would be preferable over branched PEIs, but they show poor siRNA complexation. Their chemical modification for siRNA formulation has not been extensively explored so far. We generated a set of small linear PEIs bearing tyrosine modifications (LPxY), leading to substantially enhanced siRNA delivery and knockdown efficacy in vitro in various cell lines, including hard-to-transfect cells. The tyrosine-modified linear 10 kDa PEI (LP10Y) is particularly powerful, associated with favorable physicochemical properties and very high biocompatibility. Systemically administered LP10Y/siRNA complexes reveal antitumor effects in mouse xenograft and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models, and their direct application into the brain achieves therapeutic inhibition of orthotopic glioma xenografts. LP10Y is particularly interesting for therapeutic siRNA delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Karimov
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Leipzig University, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marion Schulz
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Leipzig University, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tim Kahl
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Leipzig University, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sandra Noske
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Leipzig University, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Kubczak
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Ines Gockel
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - René Thieme
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Büch
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Leipzig University, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anja Reinert
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maksim Ionov
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Maria Bryszewska
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Heike Franke
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Leipzig University, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ute Krügel
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Leipzig University, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander Ewe
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Leipzig University, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Achim Aigner
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Leipzig University, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany.
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6
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The combined disulfide cross-linking and tyrosine-modification of very low molecular weight linear PEI synergistically enhances transfection efficacies and improves biocompatibility. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 161:56-65. [PMID: 33582186 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Efficient and non-toxic DNA delivery is still a major limiting factor for non-viral gene therapy. Among the large diversity of non-viral vectors, the cationic polymer polyethylenimine (PEI) plays a prominent role in nucleic acid delivery. Since higher molecular weight of PEI is beneficial for transfection efficacy, but also leads to higher cytotoxicity, the biodegradable cross-linking of low-molecular PEIs, e.g. through disulfide-groups, has been introduced. Another promising strategy is the chemical modification of PEI, for example with amino acids like tyrosine. In the case of small RNA molecules, this PEI grafting has been found to enhance transfection efficacies and improve biocompatibility. In this paper, we report on the combination of these two strategies for improving DNA delivery: the (i) cross-linking of very small 2 kDa PEI ("P2") molecules through biodegradable disulfide-groups ("SS"), in combination with (ii) tyrosine-modification ("Y"). We demonstrate a surprisingly substantial, synergistic enhancement of transfection efficacies of these SSP2Y/DNA complexes over their non- or mono-modified polymer counterparts, accompanied by high biocompatibility as well as favorable physicochemical and biological properties. Beyond various cell lines, high biological activity of the SSP2Y-based complexes is also seen in an ex vivo tissue slice model, more closely mimicking in vivo conditions. The particularly high transfection efficacy SSP2Y/DNA complexes in 2D and 3D models, based on their optimized complex stability and DNA release, as well as their high biocompatibility thus provides the basis for their further exploration for therapeutic application.
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Ewe A, Noske S, Karimov M, Aigner A. Polymeric Nanoparticles Based on Tyrosine-Modified, Low Molecular Weight Polyethylenimines for siRNA Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11110600. [PMID: 31726756 PMCID: PMC6920781 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11110600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A major hurdle for exploring RNA interference (RNAi) in a therapeutic setting is still the issue of in vivo delivery of small RNA molecules (siRNAs). The chemical modification of polyethylenimines (PEIs) offers a particularly attractive avenue towards the development of more efficient non-viral delivery systems. Here, we explore tyrosine-modified polyethylenimines with low or very low molecular weight (P2Y, P5Y, P10Y) for siRNA delivery. In comparison to their respective parent PEI, they reveal considerably increased knockdown efficacies and very low cytotoxicity upon tyrosine modification, as determined in different reporter and wildtype cell lines. The delivery of siRNAs targeting the anti-apoptotic oncogene survivin or the serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1 (polo-like kinase 1; PLK-1) oncogene reveals strong inhibitory effects in vitro. In a therapeutic in vivo setting, profound anti-tumor effects in a prostate carcinoma xenograft mouse model are observed upon systemic application of complexes for survivin or PLK1 knockdown, in the absence of in vivo toxicity. We thus demonstrate the tyrosine-modification of (very) low molecular weight PEIs for generating efficient nanocarriers for siRNA delivery in vitro and in vivo, present data on their physicochemical and biological properties, and show their efficacy as siRNA therapeutic in vivo, in the absence of adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ewe
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Pharmacology, Leipzig University, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; (A.E.); (S.N.); (M.K.)
| | - Sandra Noske
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Pharmacology, Leipzig University, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; (A.E.); (S.N.); (M.K.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Technical University Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Michael Karimov
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Pharmacology, Leipzig University, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; (A.E.); (S.N.); (M.K.)
| | - Achim Aigner
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Pharmacology, Leipzig University, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; (A.E.); (S.N.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)341-9724661
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Versatile electrostatically assembled polymeric siRNA nanovectors: Can they overcome the limits of siRNA tumor delivery? Int J Pharm 2019; 567:118432. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Peeler DJ, Sellers DL, Pun SH. pH-Sensitive Polymers as Dynamic Mediators of Barriers to Nucleic Acid Delivery. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 30:350-365. [PMID: 30398844 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The nonviral delivery of exogenous nucleic acids (NA) into cells for therapeutic purposes has rapidly matured into tangible clinical impact. Synthetic polymers are particularly attractive vectors for NA delivery due to their relatively inexpensive production compared to viral alternatives and their highly tailorable chemical properties; indeed, many preclinical investigations have revealed the primary biological barriers to nonviral NA delivery by systematically varying polymeric material properties. This review focuses on applications of pH-sensitive chemistries that enable polymeric vectors to serially address multiple biological barriers to NA delivery. In particular, we focus on recent innovations with in vivo evaluation that dynamically enable colloidal stability, cellular uptake, endosomal escape, and nucleic acid release. We conclude with a summary of successes to date and projected areas for impactful future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Peeler
- Department of Bioengineering and Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Drew L Sellers
- Department of Bioengineering and Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Suzie H Pun
- Department of Bioengineering and Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
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Chiper M, Niederreither K, Zuber G. Transduction Methods for Cytosolic Delivery of Proteins and Bioconjugates into Living Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1701040. [PMID: 29205903 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The human organism and its constituting cells rely on interplay between multiple proteins exerting specific functions. Progress in molecular biotechnologies has facilitated the production of recombinant proteins. When administrated to patients, recombinant proteins can provide important healthcare benefits. To date, most therapeutic proteins must act from the extracellular environment, with their targets being secreted modulators or extracellular receptors. This is because proteins cannot passively diffuse across the plasma membrane into the cytosol. To expand the scope of action of proteins for cytosolic targets (representing more than 40% of the genome) effective methods assisting protein cytosolic entry are being developed. To date, direct protein delivery is extremely tedious and inefficient in cultured cells, even more so in animal models of pathology. Novel techniques are changing this limitation, as recently developed in vitro methods can robustly convey large amount of proteins into cell cultures. Moreover, advances in protein formulation or protein conjugates are slowly, but surely demonstrating efficiency for targeted cytosolic entry of functional protein in vivo in tumor xenograft models. In this review, various methods and recently developed techniques for protein transport into cells are summarized. They are put into perspective to address the challenges encountered during delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Chiper
- Molecular and Pharmaceutical Engineering of Biologics CNRS—Université de Strasbourg UMR 7242 Boulevard Sebastien Brant F‐67412 Illkirch France
- Faculté de Pharmacie—Université de Strasbourg 74 Route du Rhin F‐67400 Illkirch France
| | - Karen Niederreither
- Developmental Biology and Stem Cells Department Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC) F‐67412 Illkirch France
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire Université de Strasbourg CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U 964 F‐67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Guy Zuber
- Molecular and Pharmaceutical Engineering of Biologics CNRS—Université de Strasbourg UMR 7242 Boulevard Sebastien Brant F‐67412 Illkirch France
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Ewe A, Höbel S, Heine C, Merz L, Kallendrusch S, Bechmann I, Merz F, Franke H, Aigner A. Optimized polyethylenimine (PEI)-based nanoparticles for siRNA delivery, analyzed in vitro and in an ex vivo tumor tissue slice culture model. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2017; 7:206-216. [PMID: 27334279 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-016-0306-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The non-viral delivery of small RNA molecules like siRNAs still poses a major bottleneck for their successful application in vivo. This is particularly true with regard to crossing physiological barriers upon systemic administration. We have previously established polyethylenimine (PEI)-based complexes for therapeutic RNA formulation. These nanoplexes mediate full RNA protection against nucleolytic degradation, delivery to target tissues as well as cellular uptake, intracellular release and therapeutic efficacy in preclinical in vivo models. We herein present data on different polyplex modifications for the defined improvement of physicochemical and biological nanoparticle properties and for targeted delivery. (i) By non-covalent modifications of PEI polyplexes with phospholipid liposomes, ternary complexes ("lipopolyplexes") are obtained that combine the favorable features of PEI and lipid systems. Decreased cytotoxicity and highly efficient delivery of siRNA is achieved. Some lipopolyplexes also allow prolonged storage, thus providing formulations with higher stability. (ii) Novel tyrosine modifications of low molecular weight PEI offer further improvement of stability, biocompatibility, and knockdown efficacy of resulting nanoparticles. (iii) For ligand-mediated uptake, the shielding of surface charges is a critical requirement. This is achieved by PEI grafting with polyethylene glycol (PEG), prior to covalent coupling of anti-HER1 antibodies (Erbitux®) as ligand for targeted delivery and uptake. Beyond tumor cell culture, analyses are extended towards tumor slice cultures from tumor xenograft tissues which reflect more realistically the in vivo situation. The determination of siRNA-mediated knockdown of endogenous target genes, i.e., the oncogenic survival factor survivin and the oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase HER2, reveals nanoparticle penetration and biological efficacy also under intact tissue and stroma conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ewe
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Leipzig University, Haertelstrasse 16 - 18, D-04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sabrina Höbel
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Leipzig University, Haertelstrasse 16 - 18, D-04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claudia Heine
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lea Merz
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sonja Kallendrusch
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ingo Bechmann
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Felicitas Merz
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Heike Franke
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Achim Aigner
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Leipzig University, Haertelstrasse 16 - 18, D-04107, Leipzig, Germany.
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12
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Lee DJ, Kessel E, Lehto T, Liu X, Yoshinaga N, Padari K, Chen YC, Kempter S, Uchida S, Rädler JO, Pooga M, Sheu MT, Kataoka K, Wagner E. Systemic Delivery of Folate-PEG siRNA Lipopolyplexes with Enhanced Intracellular Stability for In Vivo Gene Silencing in Leukemia. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:2393-2409. [PMID: 28772071 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Protection of small interfering RNA (siRNA) against degradation and targeted delivery across the plasma and endosomal membranes to the final site of RNA interference (RNAi) are major aims for the development of siRNA therapeutics. Targeting for folate receptor (FR)-expressing tumors, we optimized siRNA polyplexes by coformulating a folate-PEG-oligoaminoamide (for surface shielding and targeting) with one of three lipo-oligoaminoamides (optionally tyrosine-modified, for optimizing stability and size) to generate ∼100 nm targeted lipopolyplexes (TLPs), which self-stabilize by cysteine disulfide cross-links. To better understand parameters for improved tumor-directed gene silencing, we analyzed intracellular distribution and siRNA release kinetics. FR-mediated endocytosis and endosomal escape of TLPs was confirmed by immuno-TEM. We monitored colocalization of TLPs with endosomes and lysosomes, and onset of siRNA release by time-lapse confocal microscopy; analyzed intracellular stability by FRET using double-labeled siRNA; and correlated results with knockdown of eGFPLuc protein and EG5 mRNA expression. The most potent formulation, TLP1, containing lipopolyplex-stabilizing tyrosine trimers, was found to unpack siRNA in sustained manner with up to 5-fold higher intracellular siRNA stability after 4 h compared to other TLPs. Unexpectedly, data indicated that intracellular siRNA stability instead of an early endosomal exit dominate as a deciding factor for silencing efficiency of TLPs. After i.v. administration in a subcutaneous leukemia mouse model, TLP1 exhibited ligand-dependent tumoral siRNA retention, resulting in 65% EG5 gene silencing at mRNA level without detectable adverse effects. In sum, tyrosine-modified TLP1 conveys superior protection of siRNA for an effective tumor-targeted delivery and RNAi in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian-Jang Lee
- Department of Pharmacy and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany.,Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM) , Schellingstr. 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Eva Kessel
- Department of Pharmacy and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany.,Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM) , Schellingstr. 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Taavi Lehto
- Department of Pharmacy and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Xueying Liu
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine (iCONM), Institute of Industry Promotion-Kawasaki , 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, 210-0821 Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Naoto Yoshinaga
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8656 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kärt Padari
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology and Institute of Technology, University of Tartu , 23 Riia Str., 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ying-Chen Chen
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University , No. 250, Wuxin St., 11031 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Susanne Kempter
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Satoshi Uchida
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine (iCONM), Institute of Industry Promotion-Kawasaki , 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, 210-0821 Kawasaki, Japan.,Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8656 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Joachim O Rädler
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM) , Schellingstr. 4, 80799 Munich, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Margus Pooga
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology and Institute of Technology, University of Tartu , 23 Riia Str., 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ming-Thau Sheu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University , No. 250, Wuxin St., 11031 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kazunori Kataoka
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine (iCONM), Institute of Industry Promotion-Kawasaki , 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, 210-0821 Kawasaki, Japan.,Policy Alternatives Research Institute, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-0033 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Department of Pharmacy and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany.,Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM) , Schellingstr. 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
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13
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Gossart JB, Pascal E, Meyer F, Heuillard E, Gonçalves M, Gossé F, Robinet E, Frisch B, Seguin C, Zuber G. Performance of Pyridylthiourea-Polyethylenimine Polyplex for siRNA-Mediated Liver Cancer Therapy in Cell Monolayer, Spheroid, and Tumor Xenograft Models. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2017; 1:1700013. [PMID: 31565271 PMCID: PMC6607116 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.201700013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Medical application of siRNAs relies on methods for delivering nucleic acids into the cytosol. Synthetic carriers, which assemble with nucleic acids into delivery systems, show promises for cancer therapy but efficiency remains to be improved. In here, the effectiveness of pyridylthiourea-polyethylenimine (πPEI), a siRNA carrier that favors both polyplex disassembly and endosome rupture upon sensing the acidic endosomal environment, in 3 experimental models of hepatocellular cancer is tested. The πPEI-assisted delivery of a siRNA targeting the polo-like kinase 1 into Huh-7 monolayer produces a 90% cell death via a demonstrated RNA interference mechanism. Incubation of polyplex with Huh-7 spheroids leads to siRNA delivery into the superficial first cell layer and a 60% reduction in spheroid growth compared to untreated controls. Administration of polyplexes into mice bearing subcutaneous implanted Huh-7Luc tumors results in a reduced tumor progression, similar to the one observed in the spheroid model. Altogether, these results support the in vivo use of synthetic and dedicated polymers for increasing siRNA-mediated gene knockdown, and their clinical promise in cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Baptiste Gossart
- Université de Strasbourg‐CNRS CAMB UMR 7199Faculté de Pharmacie74 route du Rhin67400IllkirchFrance
- Université de Strasbourg‐INSERMUMRS 1121 Biomaterials and Bioengineering, FTMS11 rue Humann67000StrasbourgFrance
| | - Etienne Pascal
- Université de Strasbourg‐CNRS CAMB UMR 7199Faculté de Pharmacie74 route du Rhin67400IllkirchFrance
| | - Florent Meyer
- Université de Strasbourg‐INSERMUMRS 1121 Biomaterials and Bioengineering, FTMS11 rue Humann67000StrasbourgFrance
| | - Emilie Heuillard
- Institut Hospitalo‐Universitaire de Strasbourg1 place de l'Hôpital67000StrasbourgFrance
| | - Mathieu Gonçalves
- Institut Hospitalo‐Universitaire de Strasbourg1 place de l'Hôpital67000StrasbourgFrance
| | - Francine Gossé
- Institut Hospitalo‐Universitaire de Strasbourg1 place de l'Hôpital67000StrasbourgFrance
- Inserm U11103 rue Koeberlé67000StrasbourgFrance
| | - Eric Robinet
- Institut Hospitalo‐Universitaire de Strasbourg1 place de l'Hôpital67000StrasbourgFrance
- Inserm U11103 rue Koeberlé67000StrasbourgFrance
| | - Benoît Frisch
- Université de Strasbourg‐CNRS CAMB UMR 7199Faculté de Pharmacie74 route du Rhin67400IllkirchFrance
| | - Cendrine Seguin
- Université de Strasbourg‐CNRS CAMB UMR 7199Faculté de Pharmacie74 route du Rhin67400IllkirchFrance
| | - Guy Zuber
- Université de Strasbourg‐CNRS, UMR 7242Boulevard Sebastien Brant67400IllkirchFrance
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14
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Kunz-Schughart LA, Dubrovska A, Peitzsch C, Ewe A, Aigner A, Schellenburg S, Muders MH, Hampel S, Cirillo G, Iemma F, Tietze R, Alexiou C, Stephan H, Zarschler K, Vittorio O, Kavallaris M, Parak WJ, Mädler L, Pokhrel S. Nanoparticles for radiooncology: Mission, vision, challenges. Biomaterials 2016; 120:155-184. [PMID: 28063356 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading non-communicable diseases with highest mortality rates worldwide. About half of all cancer patients receive radiation treatment in the course of their disease. However, treatment outcome and curative potential of radiotherapy is often impeded by genetically and/or environmentally driven mechanisms of tumor radioresistance and normal tissue radiotoxicity. While nanomedicine-based tools for imaging, dosimetry and treatment are potential keys to the improvement of therapeutic efficacy and reducing side effects, radiotherapy is an established technique to eradicate the tumor cells. In order to progress the introduction of nanoparticles in radiooncology, due to the highly interdisciplinary nature, expertise in chemistry, radiobiology and translational research is needed. In this report recent insights and promising policies to design nanotechnology-based therapeutics for tumor radiosensitization will be discussed. An attempt is made to cover the entire field from preclinical development to clinical studies. Hence, this report illustrates (1) the radio- and tumor-biological rationales for combining nanostructures with radiotherapy, (2) tumor-site targeting strategies and mechanisms of cellular uptake, (3) biological response hypotheses for new nanomaterials of interest, and (4) challenges to translate the research findings into clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leoni A Kunz-Schughart
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Peitzsch
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Ewe
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Achim Aigner
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Samuel Schellenburg
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital, Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael H Muders
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital, Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Silke Hampel
- Leibniz Institute of Solid State and Material Research Dresden, 01171 Dresden, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Cirillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Francesca Iemma
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Rainer Tietze
- ENT-Department, Section for Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius Professorship, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Alexiou
- ENT-Department, Section for Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius Professorship, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Holger Stephan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, 01314 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kristof Zarschler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, 01314 Dresden, Germany
| | - Orazio Vittorio
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, Sydney, UNSW, Australia
| | - Maria Kavallaris
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, Sydney, UNSW, Australia
| | - Wolfgang J Parak
- Fachbereich Physik, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany; CIC Biomagune, 20009 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Lutz Mädler
- Foundation Institute of Materials Science (IWT), Department of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Suman Pokhrel
- Foundation Institute of Materials Science (IWT), Department of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
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15
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Chiper M, Tounsi N, Kole R, Kichler A, Zuber G. Self-aggregating 1.8kDa polyethylenimines with dissolution switch at endosomal acidic pH are delivery carriers for plasmid DNA, mRNA, siRNA and exon-skipping oligonucleotides. J Control Release 2016; 246:60-70. [PMID: 27956144 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Efficiency of polyethylenimine (PEI) for nucleic acid delivery is affected by the size of the carrier and length of the nucleic acids. For instance, PEIs with molecular weights between 10-30kDa provide optimal DNA delivery activity whereas PEIs with molecular weights below 1.8kDa are ineffective. The activity of PEI is also severely diminished by substitution of DNA for shorter nucleic acids such as mRNA or siRNA. Here, through chemical modification of the primary amines to aromatic domains we achieved nucleic acid delivery by the 1.8kDa polyethylenimine (PEI) particles. This modification did not affect the PEI buffering abilities but enhanced its pH-sensitive aggregation, enabling stabilization of the polyplex outside the cell while still allowing nucleic acid release following cellular entry. The aromatic PEIs were then evaluated for their gene, mRNA, siRNA and 2'O-methyl phosphorothioate oligonucleotide in vitro transfection abilities. The salicylamide-grafted PEI showed to be a reliable carrier for delivering nucleic acids with cytoplasmic activity such as the mRNA and siRNA or nuclear diffusible oligonucleotide. It was then further equipped with polyethyleneglycol (PEG) and the delivery efficiency of the copolymer was tested in vivo for regeneration of dystrophin in the muscle of mdx mouse through a 2'O-methyl phosphorothioate-mediated splicing modulation. Intramuscular administration of polyplexes resulted in dystrophin-positive fibers in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy without apparent toxicity. These findings indicate that precise modifications of low molecular weight PEI improve its bio-responsiveness and yield delivery vehicles for nucleic acids of various types in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Chiper
- Molecular and Pharmaceutical Engineering of Biologics, CNRS - Université de Strasbourg UMR 7242, Boulevard Sebastien Brant, 67412 Illkirch, France; Faculté de Pharmacie - Université de Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin, F-67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Nassera Tounsi
- Faculté de Pharmacie - Université de Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin, F-67400 Illkirch, France; Laboratory of Therapeutic Innovation UMR 7200, CNRS - Université de Strasbourg, France
| | - Ryszard Kole
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Antoine Kichler
- Faculté de Pharmacie - Université de Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin, F-67400 Illkirch, France; Laboratoire de Conception et d'Application de Molécules Bioactives, CNRS - Université de Strasbourg UMR 7199, France; Genethon, 91000 Evry, France
| | - Guy Zuber
- Molecular and Pharmaceutical Engineering of Biologics, CNRS - Université de Strasbourg UMR 7242, Boulevard Sebastien Brant, 67412 Illkirch, France.
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16
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Lü JM, Liang Z, Wang X, Gu J, Yao Q, Chen C. New polymer of lactic-co-glycolic acid-modified polyethylenimine for nucleic acid delivery. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:1971-91. [PMID: 27456396 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To develop an improved delivery system for nucleic acids. MATERIALS & METHODS We designed, synthesized and characterized a new polymer of lactic-co-glycolic acid-modified polyethylenimine (LGA-PEI). Functions of LGA-PEI polymer were determined. RESULTS The new LGA-PEI polymer spontaneously formed nanoparticles (NPs) with DNA or RNA, and showed higher DNA or RNA loading efficiency, higher or comparable transfection efficacy, and lower cytotoxicity in several cell types including PANC-1, Jurkat and HEK293 cells, when compared with lipofectamine 2000, branched or linear PEI (25 kDa). In nude mouse models, LGA-PEI showed higher delivery efficiency of plasmid DNA or miRNA mimic into pancreatic and ovarian xenograft tumors. LGA-PEI/DNA NPs showed much lower toxicity than control PEI NPs in mouse models. CONCLUSION The new LGA-PEI polymer is a safer and more effective system to deliver DNA or RNA than PEI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ming Lü
- Division of Surgical Research, Michael E DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, One Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhengdong Liang
- Division of Surgical Research, Michael E DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, One Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- Division of Surgical Research, Michael E DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, One Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jianhua Gu
- AFM/SEM Core Facility, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Qizhi Yao
- Division of Surgical Research, Michael E DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, One Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Changyi Chen
- Division of Surgical Research, Michael E DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, One Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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17
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Guo Z, Gao M, Song M, Li Y, Zhang D, Xu D, You L, Wang L, Zhuang R, Su X, Liu T, Du J, Zhang X. Superfluorinated PEI Derivative Coupled with (99m) Tc for ASGPR Targeted (19) F MRI/SPECT/PA Tri-Modality Imaging. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:5898-5906. [PMID: 27159903 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201601064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Fluorinated polyethylenimine derivative labeled with radionuclide (99m) Tc is developed as a (19) F MRI/SPECT/PA multifunctional imaging agent with good asialoglycoprotein receptors (ASGPR)-targeting ability. This multifunctional agent is safe and suitable for (19) F MRI/SPECT/PA imaging and has the potential to detect hepatic diseases and to assess liver function, which provide powerful support for the development of personalized and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhide Guo
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- Department of Isotope, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, 102413, China
| | - Mengna Gao
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Manli Song
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yesen Li
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Deliang Zhang
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Duo Xu
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Linyi You
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Liangliang Wang
- Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361004, China
| | - Rongqiang Zhuang
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Xinhui Su
- Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361004, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Jin Du
- Department of Isotope, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, 102413, China
| | - Xianzhong Zhang
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
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18
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Roth CM. Delivery of Genes and Oligonucleotides. Drug Deliv 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118833322.ch25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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19
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He D, Müller K, Krhac Levacic A, Kos P, Lächelt U, Wagner E. Combinatorial Optimization of Sequence-Defined Oligo(ethanamino)amides for Folate Receptor-Targeted pDNA and siRNA Delivery. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:647-59. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng He
- Pharmaceutical
Biotechnology, Center for System-based Drug Research and Center for
NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich, Schellingstrasse
4, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Müller
- Pharmaceutical
Biotechnology, Center for System-based Drug Research and Center for
NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Ana Krhac Levacic
- Pharmaceutical
Biotechnology, Center for System-based Drug Research and Center for
NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Petra Kos
- Pharmaceutical
Biotechnology, Center for System-based Drug Research and Center for
NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Lächelt
- Pharmaceutical
Biotechnology, Center for System-based Drug Research and Center for
NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich, Schellingstrasse
4, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Pharmaceutical
Biotechnology, Center for System-based Drug Research and Center for
NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich, Schellingstrasse
4, 80799 Munich, Germany
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20
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Zhang Y, Tian H, Guan X, Fang H, Yan N, Chen X. Polyethylenimines modified by amino acids with different charge states and hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties for gene carriers. J Control Release 2015; 213:e41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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Lächelt U, Wagner E. Nucleic Acid Therapeutics Using Polyplexes: A Journey of 50 Years (and Beyond). Chem Rev 2015; 115:11043-78. [DOI: 10.1021/cr5006793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 418] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Lächelt
- Pharmaceutical
Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig Maximilians Universität, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Nanosystems
Initiative
Munich (NIM), 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Pharmaceutical
Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig Maximilians Universität, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Nanosystems
Initiative
Munich (NIM), 80799 Munich, Germany
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22
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Lai WF, Jung HS. Cell transfection with a β-cyclodextrin-PEI-propane-1,2,3-triol nanopolymer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100258. [PMID: 24956480 PMCID: PMC4067318 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful gene therapy necessitates safe and efficient gene transfer. This article describes the use of a cationic polymer, which was synthesized by cross-linking low molecular weight branched poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) with both β-cyclodextrin and propane-1,2,3-triol, for efficient and safe non-viral gene delivery. Experimentation demonstrated that the polymer had a pH buffering capacity and DNA condensing ability comparable to those of PEI 25 kDa. In B16-F0 cells, the polymer increased the transfection efficiency of naked DNA by 700-fold and yielded better transfection efficiencies than Fugene HD (threefold higher) and PEI 25 kDa (fivefold higher). The high transfection efficiency of the polymer was not affected by the presence of serum during transfection. In addition to B16-F0 cells, the polymer enabled efficient transfection of HepG2 and U87 cells with low cytotoxicity. Our results indicated that our polymer is a safe and efficient transfection reagent that warrants further development for in vitro, in vivo and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Fu Lai
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han-Sung Jung
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
- Oral Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
- * E-mail:
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23
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Pinel S, Aman E, Erblang F, Dietrich J, Frisch B, Sirman J, Kichler A, Sibler AP, Dontenwill M, Schaffner F, Zuber G. Quantitative measurement of delivery and gene silencing activities of siRNA polyplexes containing pyridylthiourea-grafted polyethylenimines. J Control Release 2014; 182:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Lai WF. In vivonucleic acid delivery with PEI and its derivatives: current status and perspectives. Expert Rev Med Devices 2014; 8:173-85. [DOI: 10.1586/erd.10.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Abstract
For the last five decades cationic polymers have been used for nucleic acids transfection. Our understanding of polymer-nucleic acid interactions and their rational use in delivery has continuously increased. The great improvements in macromolecular chemistry and the recognition of distinct biological extra- and intracellular delivery hurdles triggered several breakthrough developments, including the discovery of natural and synthetic polycations for compaction of nucleic acids into stable nanoparticles termed polyplexes; the incorporation of targeting ligands and surface-shielding of polyplexes to enable receptor-mediated gene delivery into defined target tissues; and strongly improved intracellular transfer efficacy by better endosomal escape of vesicle-trapped polyplexes into the cytosol. These experiences triggered the development of second-generation polymers with more dynamic properties, such as endosomal pH-responsive release mechanisms, or biodegradable units for improved biocompatibility and intracellular release of the nucleic acid pay load. Despite a better biological understanding, significant challenges such as efficient nuclear delivery and persistence of gene expression persist. The therapeutic perspectives widened from pDNA-based gene therapy to application of novel therapeutic nucleic acids including mRNA, siRNA, and microRNA. The finding that different therapeutic pay loads require different tailor-made carriers complicates preclinical developments. Convincing evidence of medical efficacy still remains to be demonstrated. Bioinspired multifunctional polyplexes resembling "synthetic viruses" appear as attractive opportunity, but provide additional challenges: how to identify optimum combinations of functional delivery units, and how to prepare such polyplexes reproducibly in precise form? Design of sequence-defined polymers, screening of combinatorial polymer and polyplex libraries are tools for further chemical evolution of polyplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernst Wagner
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, and Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Munich, Germany
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Abstract
Polyethylenimines (PEIs) have proven to be highly efficient and versatile agents for nucleic acid delivery in vitro and in vivo. Despite the low biodegradability of these polymers, they have been used in several clinical trials and the results suggest that the nucleic acid/PEI complexes have a good safety profile. The high transfection efficiency of PEIs probably relies on the fact that these polymers possess a stock of amines that can undergo protonation during the acidification of endosomes. This buffering capacity likely enhances endosomal escape of the polyplexes through the "proton sponge" effect. PEIs have also attracted great interest because the presence of many amino groups allow for easy chemical modifications or conjugation of targeting moieties and hydrophilic polymers. In the present chapter, we summarize and discuss the mechanism of PEI-mediated transfection, as well as the recent developments in PEI-mediated DNA, antisense oligonucleotide, and siRNA delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Neuberg
- Laboratoire "Vecteurs: Synthèse et Applications Thérapeutiques", UMR7199 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
| | - Antoine Kichler
- Laboratoire "Vecteurs: Synthèse et Applications Thérapeutiques", UMR7199 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
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Alkane-modified low-molecular-weight polyethylenimine with enhanced gene silencing for siRNA delivery. Int J Pharm 2013; 450:44-52. [PMID: 23608201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 02/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) has tremendous potential as a therapeutic agent for diverse diseases; however, due to its susceptibility to degradation and poor cellular uptake, the low efficiency of administration has been the most important limiting factor for clinical applications of siRNA. Herein, we synthesized alkyl chain modified low-molecular-weight polyethylenimines (LMW PEIs) and found that hydrophobically modified PEIs displayed enhanced efficiency in siRNA-mediated knockdown of target genes. To elucidate the mechanism for increased delivery, we characterized the polymers' physicochemical properties and bioactivity via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), gel retardation assay, dynamic laser scattering (DLS) analysis, confocal laser scanning microscopy and flow cytometry. The hydrophobic modification reduced siRNA binding affinity but facilitated the formation of nanoparticles in contrast to the original PEI. The PEIs with eight and thirteen alkyl tails were able to self-assemble into nanoparticles and yielded higher cellular uptake, which leaded to even similar efficiencies of 80-90% knockdown as Lipofectamine™ 2000 control. These results suggested that the status of polymers in aqueous solution, which depended on the degree of hydrophobic modification, played an important role in the uptake of siRNA. Therefore, we provided new information on the role of hydrophobic content in the enhanced gene silencing activity.
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Zeng H, Little HC, Tiambeng TN, Williams GA, Guan Z. Multifunctional Dendronized Peptide Polymer Platform for Safe and Effective siRNA Delivery. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:4962-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja400986u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanxiang Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural
Sciences 2, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025,
United States
| | - Hannah C. Little
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural
Sciences 2, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025,
United States
| | - Timothy N. Tiambeng
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural
Sciences 2, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025,
United States
| | - Gregory A. Williams
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural
Sciences 2, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025,
United States
| | - Zhibin Guan
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural
Sciences 2, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025,
United States
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Chandrashekhar C, Pons B, Muller CD, Tounsi N, Mulherkar R, Zuber G. Oligobenzylethylenimine enriches linear polyethylenimine with a pH-sensitive membrane-disruptive property and leads to enhanced gene delivery activity. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:4985-93. [PMID: 23000009 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Revised: 09/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We report here the synthesis of a diblock linear polymer of oligo(benzylethylenimine)-b-polyethylenimine (OBzEI-PEI) and investigate its gene delivery properties. The linear copolymer OBzEI-PEI was prepared in a straightforward manner by acidic hydrolysis of a diblock polyoxazoline, which had been made by sequential polymerization of 4-benzyl-2-ethyl-2-oxazoline followed by 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline. pH titration and DNA complexation profiles of the new polymer are similar to regular linear PEIs, but with higher gene transfection efficiencies in various cell lines despite a decreased cellular uptake of plasmid DNA. Further experiments suggest that the OBzEI tail complements the intrinsic proton-sponge endosomolytic activities of PEI with an acid pH-sensitive membrane-perturbing activity.
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Devarasu T, Saad R, Ouadi A, Frisch B, Robinet E, Laquerrière P, Voegel JC, Baumert T, Ogier J, Meyer F. Potent calcium phosphate nanoparticle surface coating for in vitro and in vivo siRNA delivery: a step toward multifunctional nanovectors. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:4692-4700. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb20557f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Pyridylthiourea-grafted polyethylenimine offers an effective assistance to siRNA-mediated gene silencing in vitro and in vivo. J Control Release 2012; 157:418-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2011] [Revised: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Foillard S, Zuber G, Doris E. Polyethylenimine-carbon nanotube nanohybrids for siRNA-mediated gene silencing at cellular level. NANOSCALE 2011; 3:1461-1464. [PMID: 21301705 DOI: 10.1039/c0nr01005g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) covalently modified with low molecular weight polyethylenimine (PEI) are able to bind and deliver siRNA to cells with higher efficacy than a reference lipidic carrier. The performances of the nanohybrid are rationalized by the combination of the cell penetration and endosomal escape properties of CNTs and PEI, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Foillard
- CEA, iBiTecS, Service de Chimie Bioorganique et de Marquage, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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35
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Philipp A, Meyer M, Zintchenko A, Wagner E. Functional modification of amide-crosslinked oligoethylenimine for improved siRNA delivery. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Brissault B, Leborgne C, Scherman D, Guis C, Kichler A. Synthesis of poly(propylene glycol)-block-polyethylenimine triblock copolymers for the delivery of nucleic acids. Macromol Biosci 2011; 11:652-61. [PMID: 21305695 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201000404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
LPEIs, which are efficient DNA transfection agents, were found to be far less effective for the delivery of siRNAs. Here, two amphiphilic triblock copolymers LPEI(50) -b-PPG(36) -b-LPEI(50) (2) and LPEI(14) -b-PPG(68) -b-LPEI(14) (4) have been synthesized. The transfection assays showed that compound 2 was efficient for DNA transfection whilst it was almost inactive for siRNA delivery. In contrast, polymer 4 was inefficient for DNA transfection while it showed capabilities for siRNA delivery. Taken together, our results indicate that the properties required for DNA and siRNA delivery are different. Moreover, we show that introduction of a hydrophobic segment that allows self-assembly confers siRNA delivery capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blandine Brissault
- Institut Chimie et Matériaux de Paris Est, UMR 7182 Equipe Systèmes Polymères Complexes, Thiais, France
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Guo S, Huang L. Nanoparticles Escaping RES and Endosome: Challenges for siRNA Delivery for Cancer Therapy. JOURNAL OF NANOMATERIALS 2011. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1155/2011/742895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) technology has emerged as a promising potential treatment for viral, genetic diseases and cancers. Despite the powerful therapeutic potential of siRNA, there are challenges for developing efficient and specific delivery systems for systemic administration. There are extracellular and intracellular barriers for nanoparticle-mediated delivery. First, nanoparticles are rapidly cleared from the circulation by the reticuloendothelial system (RES). Second, following their cellular uptake, nanoparticles are trapped in endosomes/lysosomes, where siRNA would be degraded by enzymes. In this review, we describe strategies for grafting a polyethylene glycol (PEG) brush to the nanoparticles for evading RES, such that they may effectively accumulate in the tumor by the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. PEG has to shed from the nanoparticles to allow close interaction with the tumor cells. Current strategies for facilitating endosome escape, such as ion pair formation, “proton sponge effect”, destabilizing endosome membrane, and hydrophobic modification of the vector, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutao Guo
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Leaf Huang
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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38
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Functional Polymer Conjugates for Medicinal Nucleic Acid Delivery. POLYMERS IN NANOMEDICINE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2011_148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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39
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Tocopheryl oligochitosan-based self assembling oligomersomes for siRNA delivery. Biomaterials 2011; 32:849-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Langlet-Bertin B, Leborgne C, Scherman D, Bechinger B, Mason AJ, Kichler A. Design and evaluation of histidine-rich amphipathic peptides for siRNA delivery. Pharm Res 2010; 27:1426-36. [PMID: 20393870 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-010-0138-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2010] [Accepted: 03/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Short linear peptides have a high potential for delivering various drugs with therapeutic potential, including nucleic acids. Recently, we have shown that the cationic amphipathic histidine-rich peptide LAH4 (KKALLALALHHLAHLALHLALALKKA) possesses high plasmid DNA delivery capacities. Since such peptides are thought to efficiently disrupt endosomal membranes, we have tested their ability to deliver small interfering RNA (siRNA) into mammalian cells. METHODS Using a human cell line stably transfected with a luciferase-encoding expression vector, we have evaluated the ability of LAH4 and five derivatives thereof to deliver siRNAs and silence gene expression. RESULTS The six peptides are all efficient siRNA delivery vehicles whose efficiency in mediating gene silencing in 911-Luc cells was greater than that of commercially available compounds including Lipofectamine, DOTAP and polyethylenimine. In addition, by using the proton pump inhibitor bafilomycin A1, we show that efficient siRNA delivery to the cytosol requires acidification of the endosomes. CONCLUSIONS The LAH4 histidine-rich cationic amphipathic peptides represent an interesting and promising family of compounds for siRNA delivery.
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Zaghloul EM, Viola JR, Zuber G, Smith CIE, Lundin KE. Formulation and delivery of splice-correction antisense oligonucleotides by amino acid modified polyethylenimine. Mol Pharm 2010; 7:652-63. [PMID: 20128628 DOI: 10.1021/mp900220p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Splice-correcting phosphorothioate RNA antisense oligonucleotides with 2'-O-methyl modifications (ASO) are promising therapeutic agents for several disorders caused by aberrant splicing. However, their usefulness is hindered by the lack of efficient delivery. Unmodified 25 kDa polyethylenimine (PEI) has shown potential for plasmid delivery but seems to be less efficient for short nucleic acid sequences. Herein, we have evaluated several amino acid modified PEI molecules as carriers for ASO. By characterization of their properties, such as size, stability and transfection into mammalian cells, we have identified tyrosine-modified PEI (PEIY) as an efficient ASO delivery system. HeLa705 cells containing an aberrant luciferase gene, interrupted by a mutated beta-globin intron, were used to assess the splice correction effectiveness mediated by the various modified PEI/ASO polyplexes. PEIY has a self-assembly nature, as opposed to the highly cationic parent polymer, which is relevant for the stability of the PEIY/ASO complexes. As a result, at an optimal ratio of 20:1 (+/-), the complexes that formed significantly corrected the splicing on both the mRNA and the protein levels. ASO formulated with PEIY enhanced luciferase activity up to 450-fold. This increase was three times higher than that produced by the commercially available transfection agent Lipofectamine. PEIY/ASO polyplexes resulted in at least 80% correct splicing of the transcript. Moreover, extremely low doses of ASO (0.025 microM) showed significant splice correction represented by 150-fold increase of luciferase activity and 47% mRNA correction. Our findings suggest key parameters for formulating active complexes and reveal a new platform that can be further developed for ASO in vivo targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Zaghloul
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Sweden.
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42
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Oskuee RK, Philipp A, Dehshahri A, Wagner E, Ramezani M. The impact of carboxyalkylation of branched polyethylenimine on effectiveness in small interfering RNA delivery. J Gene Med 2010; 12:729-38. [DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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43
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Edinger D, Wagner E. Bioresponsive polymers for the delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 3:33-46. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Edinger
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LMU University, Butenandtstrasse 5‐13, D‐81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LMU University, Butenandtstrasse 5‐13, D‐81377 Munich, Germany
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Klein E, Ciobanu M, Klein J, Machi V, Leborgne C, Vandamme T, Frisch B, Pons F, Kichler A, Zuber G, Lebeau L. "HFP" fluorinated cationic lipids for enhanced lipoplex stability and gene delivery. Bioconjug Chem 2010; 21:360-71. [PMID: 20099841 DOI: 10.1021/bc900469z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although a great number of cationic lipids have been designed and evaluated as gene delivery systems, there is still a need for improvement of nonviral vectors. Recently, cationic lipids incorporating terminal fluoroalkyl segments ("FHP" lipids) have been described to display remarkable transfection potency. Here, we describe the synthesis of a new family of fluorinated triblock cationic lipids in which a fluorous segment lays between the cationic and the lipophilic parts of the molecule ("HFP" lipids). The compounds were designed so their self-assembly would offer enhanced resistance toward the host's degradation mechanisms mediated by lipophilic insertion. Self-assembly properties of these cationic lipids were evaluated at the air-water interface where they collapse in a highly ordered liquid phase. The HFP lipids efficiently condense DNA, and the resulting lipoplexes display enhanced resistance to amphiphilic agents when compared to nonfluorinated or FHP cationic lipids. Transfection properties of the fluorinated vectors, alone or as mixtures with different helper lipids (DOPE and a fluorinated analogue of DOPE), were then investigated on different cell lines (BHK-21, HepG2, and HeLa) and compared to those of the reference cationic lipid DOTAP. Data show that impermeabilization of the lipidic phase by fluorous segments alter significantly the gene transfection activities. Remarkably, incorporation of DOPE within the lipoplexes provides the particles with high gene transfection activity without reducing their resistance to amphiphilic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Klein
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molecules Bioactives, CNRS-Universite de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, BP 60024, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France
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45
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Creusat G, Rinaldi AS, Weiss E, Elbaghdadi R, Remy JS, Mulherkar R, Zuber G. Proton Sponge Trick for pH-Sensitive Disassembly of Polyethylenimine-Based siRNA Delivery Systems. Bioconjug Chem 2010; 21:994-1002. [DOI: 10.1021/bc100010k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaelle Creusat
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg UMR 7199, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74, route du Rhin, 67400 Illkirch, France, ESBS - FRE 3211, Immunobiotechnologie Bld., Sébastien Brant BP, 10413 F-67412 Illkirch, France, and ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Anne-Sophie Rinaldi
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg UMR 7199, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74, route du Rhin, 67400 Illkirch, France, ESBS - FRE 3211, Immunobiotechnologie Bld., Sébastien Brant BP, 10413 F-67412 Illkirch, France, and ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Etienne Weiss
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg UMR 7199, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74, route du Rhin, 67400 Illkirch, France, ESBS - FRE 3211, Immunobiotechnologie Bld., Sébastien Brant BP, 10413 F-67412 Illkirch, France, and ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Rkia Elbaghdadi
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg UMR 7199, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74, route du Rhin, 67400 Illkirch, France, ESBS - FRE 3211, Immunobiotechnologie Bld., Sébastien Brant BP, 10413 F-67412 Illkirch, France, and ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Jean-Serge Remy
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg UMR 7199, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74, route du Rhin, 67400 Illkirch, France, ESBS - FRE 3211, Immunobiotechnologie Bld., Sébastien Brant BP, 10413 F-67412 Illkirch, France, and ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Rita Mulherkar
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg UMR 7199, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74, route du Rhin, 67400 Illkirch, France, ESBS - FRE 3211, Immunobiotechnologie Bld., Sébastien Brant BP, 10413 F-67412 Illkirch, France, and ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Guy Zuber
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg UMR 7199, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74, route du Rhin, 67400 Illkirch, France, ESBS - FRE 3211, Immunobiotechnologie Bld., Sébastien Brant BP, 10413 F-67412 Illkirch, France, and ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
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Viola JR, El-Andaloussi S, Oprea II, Smith CIE. Non-viral nanovectors for gene delivery: factors that govern successful therapeutics. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2010; 7:721-35. [DOI: 10.1517/17425241003716810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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