1
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Charbonneau AA, Reicks EJ, Cambria JF, Inman J, Danley D, Shockley EA, Davion R, Salgado I, Norton EG, Corbett LJ, Hanacek LE, Jensen JG, Kibodeaux MA, Kirkpatrick TK, Rausch KM, Roth SR, West B, Wilson KE, Lawrence CM, Cloninger MJ. CUREs for high-level Galectin-3 expression. Protein Expr Purif 2024; 221:106516. [PMID: 38801985 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2024.106516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Galectins are a large and diverse protein family defined by the presence of a carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) that binds β-galactosides. They play important roles in early development, tissue regeneration, immune homeostasis, pathogen recognition, and cancer. In many cases, studies that examine galectin biology and the effect of manipulating galectins are aided by, or require the ability to express and purify, specific members of the galectin family. In many cases, E. coli is employed as a heterologous expression system, and galectin expression is induced with isopropyl β-galactoside (IPTG). Here, we show that galectin-3 recognizes IPTG with micromolar affinity and that as IPTG induces expression, newly synthesized galectin can bind and sequester cytosolic IPTG, potentially repressing further expression. To circumvent this putative inhibitory feedback loop, we utilized an autoinduction protocol that lacks IPTG, leading to significantly increased yields of galectin-3. Much of this work was done within the context of a course-based undergraduate research experience, indicating the ease and reproducibility of the resulting expression and purification protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth J Reicks
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - John F Cambria
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Jacob Inman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Daria Danley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Emmie A Shockley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Ravenor Davion
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Isabella Salgado
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Erienne G Norton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Lucy J Corbett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Lucy E Hanacek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Jordan G Jensen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Marguerite A Kibodeaux
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Tess K Kirkpatrick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Keilen M Rausch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Samantha R Roth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Bernadette West
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Kenai E Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - C Martin Lawrence
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Mary J Cloninger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA.
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2
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Laderach DJ, Compagno D. Inhibition of galectins in cancer: Biological challenges for their clinical application. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1104625. [PMID: 36703969 PMCID: PMC9872792 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1104625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins play relevant roles in tumor development, progression and metastasis. Accordingly, galectins are certainly enticing targets for medical intervention in cancer. To date, however, clinical trials based on galectin inhibitors reported inconclusive results. This review summarizes the galectin inhibitors currently being evaluated and discusses some of the biological challenges that need to be addressed to improve these strategies for the benefit of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego José Laderach
- Molecular and Functional Glyco-Oncology Laboratory, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facutad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina,Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina,Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Argentina,*Correspondence: Diego José Laderach,
| | - Daniel Compagno
- Molecular and Functional Glyco-Oncology Laboratory, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facutad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina,Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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3
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van Klaveren S, Dernovšek J, Jakopin Ž, Anderluh M, Leffler H, Nilsson UJ, Tomašič T. Design and synthesis of novel 3-triazolyl-1-thiogalactosides as galectin-1, -3 and -8 inhibitors. RSC Adv 2022; 12:18973-18984. [PMID: 35873334 PMCID: PMC9245910 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03163a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins are galactoside-binding proteins that play a role in various pathophysiological conditions, making them attractive targets in drug discovery. We have designed and synthesised a focused library of aromatic 3-triazolyl-1-thiogalactosides targeting their core site for binding of galactose and a subsite on its non-reducing side. Evaluation of their binding affinities for galectin-1, -3, and -8N identified acetamide-based compound 36 as a suitable compound for further affinity enhancement by adding groups at the reducing side of the galactose. Synthesis of its dichlorothiophenyl analogue 59 and the thiodigalactoside analogue 62 yielded promising pan-galectin inhibitors. A new series of potent galectin ligands based on the galactose and triazole moieties was designed and synthesised.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjors van Klaveren
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Aškerčeva cesta 7 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia .,Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University SE-221 00 Lund Sweden
| | - Jaka Dernovšek
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Aškerčeva cesta 7 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Žiga Jakopin
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Aškerčeva cesta 7 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Marko Anderluh
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Aškerčeva cesta 7 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section MIG, Lund University BMC-C1228b Klinikgatan 28 221 84 Lund Sweden
| | - Ulf J Nilsson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University SE-221 00 Lund Sweden
| | - Tihomir Tomašič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Aškerčeva cesta 7 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
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4
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Mendoza A, Takemoto Y, Cruzado KT, Masoud SS, Nagata A, Tantipanjaporn A, Okuda S, Kawagoe F, Sakamoto R, Odagi M, Mototani S, Togashi M, Kawatani M, Aono H, Osada H, Nakagawa H, Higashi T, Kittaka A, Nagasawa K, Uesugi M. Controlled lipid β-oxidation and carnitine biosynthesis by a vitamin D metabolite. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 29:660-669.e12. [PMID: 34506728 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lactone-vitamin D3 is a major metabolite of vitamin D3, a lipophilic vitamin biosynthesized in numerous life forms by sunlight exposure. Although lactone-vitamin D3 was discovered 40 years ago, its biological role remains largely unknown. Chemical biological analysis of its photoaffinity probe identified the hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase trifunctional multienzyme complex subunit alpha (HADHA), a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes β-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids, as its selective binding protein. Intriguingly, the interaction of lactone-vitamin D3 with HADHA does not affect the HADHA enzymatic activity but instead limits biosynthesis of carnitine, an endogenous metabolite required for the transport of fatty acids into the mitochondria for β-oxidation. Lactone-vitamin D3 dissociates the protein-protein interaction of HADHA with trimethyllysine dioxygenase (TMLD), thereby impairing the TMLD enzyme activity essential in carnitine biosynthesis. These findings suggest a heretofore undescribed role of lactone-vitamin D3 in lipid β-oxidation and carnitine biosynthesis, and possibly in sunlight-dependent shifts of lipid metabolism in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen Mendoza
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan; Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yasushi Takemoto
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan; Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kevin Tan Cruzado
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan; Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shadi Sedghi Masoud
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Technology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Akiko Nagata
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Technology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Okuda
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Kawagoe
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Ryota Sakamoto
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Technology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Minami Odagi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Technology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Sayuri Mototani
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Moeka Togashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Makoto Kawatani
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Harumi Aono
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Osada
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hayato Nakagawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, the University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Higashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kittaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Kazuo Nagasawa
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Technology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
| | - Motonari Uesugi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan; Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
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5
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Abstract
A growing theme in chemistry is the joining of multiple organic molecular building blocks to create functional molecules. Diverse derivatizable structures—here termed “scaffolds” comprised of “hubs”—provide the foundation for systematic covalent organization of a rich variety of building blocks. This review encompasses 30 tri- or tetra-armed molecular hubs (e.g., triazine, lysine, arenes, dyes) that are used directly or in combination to give linear, cyclic, or branched scaffolds. Each scaffold is categorized by graph theory into one of 31 trees to express the molecular connectivity and overall architecture. Rational chemistry with exacting numbers of derivatizable sites is emphasized. The incorporation of water-solubilization motifs, robust or self-immolative linkers, enzymatically cleavable groups and functional appendages affords immense (and often late-stage) diversification of the scaffolds. Altogether, 107 target molecules are reviewed along with 19 syntheses to illustrate the distinctive chemistries for creating and derivatizing scaffolds. The review covers the history of the field up through 2020, briefly touching on statistically derivatized carriers employed in immunology as counterpoints to the rationally assembled and derivatized scaffolds here, although most citations are from the past two decades. The scaffolds are used widely in fields ranging from pure chemistry to artificial photosynthesis and biomedical sciences.
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6
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Dixon CF, Nottingham AN, Lozano AF, Sizemore JA, Russell LA, Valiton C, Newell KL, Babin D, Bridges WT, Parris MR, Shchirov DV, Snyder NL, Ruppel JV. Synthesis and evaluation of porphyrin glycoconjugates varying in linker length: preliminary effects on the photodynamic inactivation of Mycobacterium smegmatis. RSC Adv 2021; 2021:7037-7042. [PMID: 34336191 PMCID: PMC8320722 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10793j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyrins have served as common photosensitizing agents in photomedicine due to their unique properties and broad therapeutic potential. While photodynamic therapy (PDT) offers a promising avenue for novel drug development, limitations in application due to selectivity, and the inherent hydrophobicity and poor solubility of porphyrins and other organic photosensitizers has been noted. Porphyrin glycoconjugates have recently gained attention for their potential to overcome these limitations. However, little has been done to explore the effects of the linker between the carbohydrate and porphyrin analog. Here we report the synthesis of over 30 new carbohydrate-porphyrin conjugates which vary in the nature of the sugar (Gal, Glc, GalNAc, GlcNAc, Lac and Tre) and the distance between the porphyrin macrocycle and the carbohydrate. Porphyrin glycoconjugates were synthesized in three steps from a readily available meso-brominated diphenylporphyrin analog by (i) C-O coupling of an appropriate TMS-protected alkynol consisting of two to six carbon spacers (ii) removal of the TMS protecting group, and (iii) CuAAC conjugation with an appropriate glycosyl azide. First studies with trehalose-based glycoporphyrins and M. smeg were used to determine the effects of the linker in photodynamic inactivation (PDI) studies. Preliminary results demonstrated an increase in photodynamic inactivation with a decrease in linker length. Investigations are underway to determine the mechanism for these results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana N. Nottingham
- Davidson College, Department of ChemistryBox 7120DavidsonNC 28035USA
| | | | | | - Logan A. Russell
- Davidson College, Department of ChemistryBox 7120DavidsonNC 28035USA
| | | | | | - Dominique Babin
- Davidson College, Department of ChemistryBox 7120DavidsonNC 28035USA
| | | | | | | | - Nicole L. Snyder
- Davidson College, Department of ChemistryBox 7120DavidsonNC 28035USA
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7
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Freichel T, Heine V, Laaf D, Mackintosh EE, Sarafova S, Elling L, Snyder NL, Hartmann L. Sequence-Defined Heteromultivalent Precision Glycomacromolecules Bearing Sulfonated/Sulfated Nonglycosidic Moieties Preferentially Bind Galectin-3 and Delay Wound Healing of a Galectin-3 Positive Tumor Cell Line in an In Vitro Wound Scratch Assay. Macromol Biosci 2020; 20:e2000163. [PMID: 32715650 PMCID: PMC9831253 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Within this work, a new class of sequence-defined heteromultivalent glycomacromolecules bearing lactose residues and nonglycosidic motifs for probing glycoconjugate recognition in carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of galectin-3 is presented. Galectins, a family of β-galactoside-binding proteins, are known to play crucial roles in different signaling pathways involved in tumor biology. Thus, research has focused on the design and synthesis of galectin-targeting ligands for use as diagnostic markers or potential therapeutics. Heteromultivalent precision glycomacromolecules have the potential to serve as ligands for galectins. In this work, multivalency and the introduction of nonglycosidic motifs bearing either neutral, amine, or sulfonated/sulfated groups are used to better understand binding in the galectin-3 CRD. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and surface plasmon resonance studies are performed, revealing a positive impact of the sulfonated/sulfated nonglycosidic motifs on galectin-3 binding but not on galectin-1 binding. Selected compounds are then tested with galectin-3 positive MCF 7 breast cancer cells using an in vitro would scratch assay. Preliminary results demonstrate a differential biological effect on MCF 7 cells with high galectin-3 expression in comparison to an HEK 293 control with low galectin-3 expression, indicating the potential for sulfonated/sulfated heteromultivalent glycomacromolecules to serve as preferential ligands for galectin-3 targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Freichel
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Viktoria Heine
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 20, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Dominic Laaf
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 20, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | | | - Sophia Sarafova
- Department of Biology, Davidson College, Box 7188, Davidson, NC 28035, USA
| | - Lothar Elling
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 20, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Nicole L. Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, Davidson College, Box 7120, Davidson, NC 28035, USA
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
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8
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Hellyer SD, Aggarwal S, Chen ANY, Leach K, Lapinsky DJ, Gregory KJ. Development of Clickable Photoaffinity Ligands for Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 2 Based on Two Positive Allosteric Modulator Chemotypes. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:1597-1609. [PMID: 32396330 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (mGlu2) is a transmembrane-spanning class C G protein-coupled receptor that is an attractive therapeutic target for multiple psychiatric and neurological disorders. A key challenge has been deciphering the contribution of mGlu2 relative to other closely related mGlu receptors in mediating different physiological responses, which could be achieved through the utilization of subtype selective pharmacological tools. In this respect, allosteric modulators that recognize ligand-binding sites distinct from the endogenous neurotransmitter glutamate offer the promise of higher receptor-subtype selectivity. We hypothesized that mGlu2-selective positive allosteric modulators could be derivatized to generate bifunctional pharmacological tools. Here we developed clickable photoaffinity probes for mGlu2 based on two different positive allosteric modulator scaffolds that retained similar pharmacological activity to parent compounds. We demonstrate successful probe-dependent incorporation of a commercially available clickable fluorophore using bioorthogonal conjugation. Importantly, we also show the limitations of using these probes to assess in situ fluorescence of mGlu2 in intact cells where significant nonspecific membrane binding is evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane D. Hellyer
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Shaili Aggarwal
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Amy N. Y. Chen
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Katie Leach
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - David J. Lapinsky
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Karen J. Gregory
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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9
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Martos-Maldonado MC, Quesada-Soriano I, García-Fuentes L, Vargas-Berenguel A. Multivalent Lactose-Ferrocene Conjugates Based on Poly (Amido Amine) Dendrimers and Gold Nanoparticles as Electrochemical Probes for Sensing Galectin-3. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10020203. [PMID: 31991555 PMCID: PMC7074905 DOI: 10.3390/nano10020203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-3 is considered a cancer biomarker and bioindicator of fibrosis and cardiac remodeling and, therefore, it is desirable to develop convenient methods for its detection. Herein, an approach based on the development of multivalent electrochemical probes with high galectin-3 sensing abilities is reported. The probes consist of multivalent presentations of lactose–ferrocene conjugates scaffolded on poly (amido amine) (PAMAM) dendrimers and gold nanoparticles. Such multivalent lactose–ferrocene conjugates are synthesized by coupling of azidomethyl ferrocene–lactose building blocks on alkyne-functionalized PAMAM, for the case of the glycodendrimers, and to disulfide-functionalized linkers that are then used for the surface modification of citrate-stabilized gold nanoparticles. The binding and sensing abilities toward galectin-3 of both ferrocene-containing lactose dendrimers and gold nanoparticles have been evaluated by means of isothermal titration calorimetry, UV–vis spectroscopy, and differential pulse voltammetry. The highest sensitivity by electrochemical methods to galectin-3 was shown by lactosylferrocenylated gold nanoparticles, which are able to detect the lectin in nanomolar concentrations.
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10
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Sethi A, Sanam S, Munagalasetty S, Jayanthi S, Alvala M. Understanding the role of galectin inhibitors as potential candidates for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein: in silico studies. RSC Adv 2020; 10:29873-29884. [PMID: 35518264 PMCID: PMC9056307 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04795c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin 3 have the potential to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. We validated the studies by docking, MD and MM/GBSA calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaftaab Sethi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research-Hyderabad
- Balanagar
- India
| | - Swetha Sanam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research-Hyderabad
- Balanagar
- India
| | - Sharon Munagalasetty
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research-Hyderabad
- Balanagar
- India
| | - Sivaraman Jayanthi
- Computational Drug Design Lab
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology
- Vellore Institute of Technology
- Vellore
- India
| | - Mallika Alvala
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research-Hyderabad
- Balanagar
- India
- MARS Training Academy
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11
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New clues arising from hunt of saccharides binding to galectin 3 via 3D QSAR and docking studies. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2020.100411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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12
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Zhang H, Ippel H, Miller MC, Wong TJ, Griffioen AW, Mayo KH, Pieters RJ. Hybrid ligands with calixarene and thiodigalactoside groups: galectin binding and cytotoxicity. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY FRONTIERS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2019; 6:2981-2990. [PMID: 34912566 PMCID: PMC8612729 DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00810a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Galectins have diverse functions and are involved in many biological processes because of their complex intra- and extracellular activities. Selective and potent inhibitors for galectins will be valuable tools to investigate the biological functions of these proteins. Therefore, we describe here the synthesis of galectin inhibitors with a potential "chelate effect". These compounds are designed to bind to two different binding sites on galectins simultaneously. In this paper a series of asymmetric "hybrid" compounds are prepared, which combine two galectin ligands (1) a substituted thiodigalactoside derivative and (2) an antagonist calixarene-based therapeutic agent. NMR spectroscopy was used to evaluate the interactions of these compounds with Galectin-1 and -3. In addition, cellular experiments were conducted to compare the cytotoxic effects of the hybrids with those of a calixarene derivative. While only the thiodigalactoside part of the hybrids showed strong binding, the calixarene part was responsible for observed cytoxoxicity effects, suggesting that the calixarene moiety may also be addressing a non-galectin target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University P.O. Box 80082 NL-3508 TB Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Hans Ippel
- Department of Biochemistry and the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Michelle C Miller
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Tse J Wong
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location VUMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Arjan W Griffioen
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location VUMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Kevin H Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Roland J Pieters
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University P.O. Box 80082 NL-3508 TB Utrecht The Netherlands
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13
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Jack T, Leuenberger M, Ruepp MD, Vernekar SKV, Thompson AJ, Braga-Lagache S, Heller M, Lochner M. Mapping the Orthosteric Binding Site of the Human 5-HT 3 Receptor Using Photo-cross-linking Antagonists. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:438-450. [PMID: 30149702 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The serotonin-gated 5-HT3 receptor is a ligand-gated ion channel. Its location at the synapse in the central and peripheral nervous system has rendered it a prime pharmacological target, for example, for antiemetic drugs that bind with high affinity to the neurotransmitter binding site and prevent the opening of the channel. Advances in structural biology techniques have led to a surge of disclosed three-dimensional receptor structures; however, solving ligand-bound high-resolution 5-HT3 receptor structures has not been achieved to date. Ligand binding poses in the orthosteric binding site have been largely predicted from mutagenesis and docking studies. We report the synthesis of a series of photo-cross-linking compounds whose structures are based on the clinically used antiemetic drug granisetron (Kytril). These displaced [3H]granisetron from the orthosteric binding site with low nanomolar affinities and showed specific photo-cross-linking with the human 5-HT3 receptor. Detailed analysis by protein-MS/MS identified a residue (Met-228) near the tip of binding loop C as the covalent modification site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Jack
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michele Leuenberger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marc-David Ruepp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Andrew J. Thompson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, U.K
| | - Sophie Braga-Lagache
- Department of BioMedical Research, Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Laboratory, University of Bern, Inselspital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Heller
- Department of BioMedical Research, Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Laboratory, University of Bern, Inselspital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Lochner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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14
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Freichel T, Laaf D, Hoffmann M, Konietzny PB, Heine V, Wawrzinek R, Rademacher C, Snyder NL, Elling L, Hartmann L. Effects of linker and liposome anchoring on lactose-functionalized glycomacromolecules as multivalent ligands for binding galectin-3. RSC Adv 2019; 9:23484-23497. [PMID: 35530592 PMCID: PMC9069326 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05497a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We combine multivalent presentation of glycan ligands on sequence-defined oligo(amidoamines) and liposomes to achieve high avidity ligands targeting galectin-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Freichel
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf
- 40225 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - Dominic Laaf
- Laboratory for Biomaterials
- Institute for Biotechnology
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52074 Aachen
| | - Miriam Hoffmann
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf
- 40225 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - Patrick B. Konietzny
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf
- 40225 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - Viktoria Heine
- Laboratory for Biomaterials
- Institute for Biotechnology
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52074 Aachen
| | - Robert Wawrzinek
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- 14424 Potsdam
- Germany
| | | | | | - Lothar Elling
- Laboratory for Biomaterials
- Institute for Biotechnology
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52074 Aachen
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf
- 40225 Düsseldorf
- Germany
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15
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Peterson K, Collins PM, Huang X, Kahl-Knutsson B, Essén S, Zetterberg FR, Oredsson S, Leffler H, Blanchard H, Nilsson UJ. Aromatic heterocycle galectin-1 interactions for selective single-digit nM affinity ligands. RSC Adv 2018; 8:24913-24922. [PMID: 35542159 PMCID: PMC9082524 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04389b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of 3-triazole-thiogalactosides and 3,3′-triazole-thiodigalactosides substituted with different five-membered heterocycles at the C-4 triazole position were found to have high selectivity for galectin-1. Initial studies on the 3-triazole-thiogalactosides indicated that five membered heterocycles in general gave increased affinity for galectin-1 and improved selectivity over galectin-3. The selectivity profile was similar for thiodigalactosides exemplified by 3,3′ substituted thien-3-yltriazole and thiazol-2-yltriazole, both having single-digit nM galectin-1 affinity and almost 10-fold galectin-1 selectivity. The binding interactions of a thiodigalactoside based galectin-1 inhibitor with two thien-3-yltriazole moieties were studied with X-ray crystallography. One of the thiophene moieties was positioned deeper into the pocket than previously reported phenyltriazoles and formed close contacts with Val31, Ser29, Gly124, and Asp123. The affinity and structural analysis thus revealed that steric and electronic optimization of five-membered aromatic heterocycle binding in a narrow galectin-1 subsite confers high affinity and selectivity. A series of 3-triazole-thiogalactosides and 3,3′-triazole-thiodigalactosides substituted with different five-membered heterocycles at the C-4 triazole position were found to have high selectivity for galectin-1.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer Peterson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University POB 124 SE-221 00 Lund Sweden
| | - Patrick M Collins
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University Gold Coast Campus Queensland 4222 Australia
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- Department of Biology, Lund University SE-223 62 Lund Sweden
| | - Barbro Kahl-Knutsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section MIG, Lund University BMC-C1228b, Klinikgatan 28 SE-221 84 Lund Sweden
| | - Sofia Essén
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University POB 124 SE-221 00 Lund Sweden
| | - Fredrik R Zetterberg
- Galecto Biotech AB, Sahlgrenska Science Park Medicinaregatan 8 A SE-413 46 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Stina Oredsson
- Department of Biology, Lund University SE-223 62 Lund Sweden
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section MIG, Lund University BMC-C1228b, Klinikgatan 28 SE-221 84 Lund Sweden
| | - Helen Blanchard
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University Gold Coast Campus Queensland 4222 Australia
| | - Ulf J Nilsson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University POB 124 SE-221 00 Lund Sweden
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16
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Peterson K, Kumar R, Stenström O, Verma P, Verma PR, Håkansson M, Kahl-Knutsson B, Zetterberg F, Leffler H, Akke M, Logan DT, Nilsson UJ. Systematic Tuning of Fluoro-galectin-3 Interactions Provides Thiodigalactoside Derivatives with Single-Digit nM Affinity and High Selectivity. J Med Chem 2018; 61:1164-1175. [PMID: 29284090 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Symmetrical and asymmetrical fluorinated phenyltriazolyl-thiodigalactoside derivatives have been synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of galectin-1 and galectin-3. Systematic tuning of the phenyltriazolyl-thiodigalactosides' fluoro-interactions with galectin-3 led to the discovery of inhibitors with exceptional affinities (Kd down to 1-2 nM) in symmetrically substituted thiodigalactosides as well as unsurpassed combination of high affinity (Kd 7.5 nM) and selectivity (46-fold) over galectin-1 for asymmetrical thiodigalactosides by carrying one trifluorphenyltriazole and one coumaryl moiety. Studies of the inhibitor-galectin complexes with isothermal titration calorimetry and X-ray crystallography revealed the importance of fluoro-amide interaction for affinity and for selectivity. Finally, the high affinity of the discovered inhibitors required two competitive titration assay tools to be developed: a new high affinity fluorescent probe for competitive fluorescent polarization and a competitive ligand optimal for analyzing high affinity galectin-3 inhibitors with competitive isothermal titration calorimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer Peterson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University , Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Rohit Kumar
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Center for Molecular Protein Science, Department of Chemistry, Lund University , Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Olof Stenström
- Biophysical Chemistry, Center for Molecular Protein Science, Department of Chemistry, Lund University , Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Priya Verma
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University , Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Prashant R Verma
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University , Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Håkansson
- SARomics Biostructures AB , Medicon Village, SE-223 63 Lund, Sweden
| | - Barbro Kahl-Knutsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section MIG, Lund University BMC-C1228b , Klinikgatan 28, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Zetterberg
- Galecto Biotech AB , Sahlgrenska Science Park, Medicinaregatan 8 A, SE-413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section MIG, Lund University BMC-C1228b , Klinikgatan 28, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mikael Akke
- Biophysical Chemistry, Center for Molecular Protein Science, Department of Chemistry, Lund University , Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Derek T Logan
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Center for Molecular Protein Science, Department of Chemistry, Lund University , Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.,SARomics Biostructures AB , Medicon Village, SE-223 63 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulf J Nilsson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University , Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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17
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Denavit V, Lainé D, Tremblay T, St-Gelais J, Giguère D. Synthetic Inhibitors of Galectins: Structures and Syntheses. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2018. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.1729.1se] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Denavit
- Département de Chimie, 1045 av. De la Médecine, Université Laval, PROTEO, RQRM
| | - Danny Lainé
- Département de Chimie, 1045 av. De la Médecine, Université Laval, PROTEO, RQRM
| | - Thomas Tremblay
- Département de Chimie, 1045 av. De la Médecine, Université Laval, PROTEO, RQRM
| | - Jacob St-Gelais
- Département de Chimie, 1045 av. De la Médecine, Université Laval, PROTEO, RQRM
| | - Denis Giguère
- Département de Chimie, 1045 av. De la Médecine, Université Laval, PROTEO, RQRM
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18
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Wagner S, Hauck D, Hoffmann M, Sommer R, Joachim I, Müller R, Imberty A, Varrot A, Titz A. Covalent Lectin Inhibition and Application in Bacterial Biofilm Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:16559-16564. [PMID: 28960731 PMCID: PMC5767747 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201709368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm formation by pathogenic bacteria is a hallmark of chronic infections. In many cases, lectins play key roles in establishing biofilms. The pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa often exhibiting various drug resistances employs its lectins LecA and LecB as virulence factors and biofilm building blocks. Therefore, inhibition of the function of these proteins is thought to have potential in developing "pathoblockers" preventing biofilm formation and virulence. A covalent lectin inhibitor specific to a carbohydrate binding site is described for the first time. Its application in the LecA-specific in vitro imaging of biofilms formed by P. aeruginosa is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Wagner
- Chemical Biology of CarbohydratesHelmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)66123SaarbrückenGermany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-BraunschweigGermany
| | - Dirk Hauck
- Chemical Biology of CarbohydratesHelmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)66123SaarbrückenGermany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-BraunschweigGermany
| | - Michael Hoffmann
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-BraunschweigGermany
- Microbial Natural SubstancesHelmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)66123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Roman Sommer
- Chemical Biology of CarbohydratesHelmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)66123SaarbrückenGermany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-BraunschweigGermany
| | - Ines Joachim
- Chemical Biology of CarbohydratesHelmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)66123SaarbrückenGermany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-BraunschweigGermany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-BraunschweigGermany
- Microbial Natural SubstancesHelmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)66123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Anne Imberty
- Université Grenoble AlpesCNRS, CERMAV38000GrenobleFrance
| | | | - Alexander Titz
- Chemical Biology of CarbohydratesHelmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)66123SaarbrückenGermany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-BraunschweigGermany
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19
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Wagner S, Hauck D, Hoffmann M, Sommer R, Joachim I, Müller R, Imberty A, Varrot A, Titz A. Covalent Lectin Inhibition and Application in Bacterial Biofilm Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201709368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Wagner
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates; Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS); 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig; Germany
| | - Dirk Hauck
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates; Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS); 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig; Germany
| | - Michael Hoffmann
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig; Germany
- Microbial Natural Substances; Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS); 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Roman Sommer
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates; Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS); 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig; Germany
| | - Ines Joachim
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates; Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS); 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig; Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig; Germany
- Microbial Natural Substances; Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS); 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Anne Imberty
- Université Grenoble Alpes; CNRS, CERMAV; 38000 Grenoble France
| | | | - Alexander Titz
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates; Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS); 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig; Germany
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20
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Lactose Binding Induces Opposing Dynamics Changes in Human Galectins Revealed by NMR-Based Hydrogen-Deuterium Exchange. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22081357. [PMID: 28813004 PMCID: PMC6152064 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins are β-galactoside-binding proteins implicated in a myriad of biological functions. Despite their highly conserved carbohydrate binding motifs with essentially identical structures, their affinities for lactose, a common galectin inhibitor, vary significantly. Here, we aimed to examine the molecular basis of differential lactose affinities amongst galectins using solution-based techniques. Consistent dissociation constants of lactose binding were derived from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence, isothermal titration calorimetry and bio-layer interferometry for human galectin-1 (hGal1), galectin-7 (hGal7), and the N-terminal and C-terminal domains of galectin-8 (hGal8NTD and hGal8CTD, respectively). Furthermore, the dissociation rates of lactose binding were extracted from NMR lineshape analyses. Structural mapping of chemical shift perturbations revealed long-range perturbations upon lactose binding for hGal1 and hGal8NTD. We further demonstrated using the NMR-based hydrogen–deuterium exchange (HDX) that lactose binding increases the exchange rates of residues located on the opposite side of the ligand-binding pocket for hGal1 and hGal8NTD, indicative of allostery. Additionally, lactose binding induces significant stabilisation of hGal8CTD across the entire domain. Our results suggested that lactose binding reduced the internal dynamics of hGal8CTD on a very slow timescale (minutes and slower) at the expense of reduced binding affinity due to the unfavourable loss of conformational entropy.
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21
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Investigating carbohydrate based ligands for galectin-3 with docking and molecular dynamics studies. J Mol Graph Model 2017; 71:211-217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2016.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Dormán G, Nakamura H, Pulsipher A, Prestwich GD. The Life of Pi Star: Exploring the Exciting and Forbidden Worlds of the Benzophenone Photophore. Chem Rev 2016; 116:15284-15398. [PMID: 27983805 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The widespread applications of benzophenone (BP) photochemistry in biological chemistry, bioorganic chemistry, and material science have been prominent in both academic and industrial research. BP photophores have unique photochemical properties: upon n-π* excitation at 365 nm, a biradicaloid triplet state is formed reversibly, which can abstract a hydrogen atom from accessible C-H bonds; the radicals subsequently recombine, creating a stable covalent C-C bond. This light-directed covalent attachment process is exploited in many different ways: (i) binding/contact site mapping of ligand (or protein)-protein interactions; (ii) identification of molecular targets and interactome mapping; (iii) proteome profiling; (iv) bioconjugation and site-directed modification of biopolymers; (v) surface grafting and immobilization. BP photochemistry also has many practical advantages, including low reactivity toward water, stability in ambient light, and the convenient excitation at 365 nm. In addition, several BP-containing building blocks and reagents are commercially available. In this review, we explore the "forbidden" (transitions) and excitation-activated world of photoinduced covalent attachment of BP photophores by touring a colorful palette of recent examples. In this exploration, we will see the pros and cons of using BP photophores, and we hope that both novice and expert photolabelers will enjoy and be inspired by the breadth and depth of possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Dormán
- Targetex llc , Dunakeszi H-2120, Hungary.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged , Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology , Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Abigail Pulsipher
- GlycoMira Therapeutics, Inc. , Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, United States.,Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology - Sinus and Skull Base Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine , Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, United States
| | - Glenn D Prestwich
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology - Sinus and Skull Base Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine , Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, United States
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23
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Mandal S, Rajput VK, Sundin AP, Leffler H, Mukhopadhyay B, Nilsson UJ. Galactose-amidine derivatives as selective antagonists of galectin-9. CAN J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2015-0598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The family of galectin proteins involved in adhesion, growth regulation, immunity, and inflammatory events are important targets for development of small molecule antagonists. Here, N-sulfonyl amidine galactopyranoside derivatives obtained via a multicomponent reaction between galactose alkyne derivatives, sulfonyl azides, and amines were evaluated as antagonists of galectin-1, -2, -3, -4N (N-terminal domain), -4C (C-terminal domain), -8N, -9N, and -9C in a competitive fluorescence polarization assay. Highly selective compounds against galectin-9N with up to 30-fold improved affinity compared to the reference methyl β-d-galactopyranoside were identified. Molecular dynamics simulation suggested that the selectivity and affinity for galectin-9N originate from the N-sulfonyl amidine moieties forming tridentate hydrogen bonds to two asparagine side chains and one phenyl stacking edge-to-face to an arginine side chain. These selective galectin-9N antagonists are of significant value as chemical tools for studying galectin-9 biology and chemistry as well as possible starting structures for the discovery of galectin-9-targeting drugs influencing, e.g., immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Mandal
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, POB124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741252, India
| | - Vishal K. Rajput
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, POB124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741252, India
| | - Anders P. Sundin
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, POB124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Section MIG, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, BMC-C1228b, Klinikgatan 28, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Balaram Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741252, India
| | - Ulf J. Nilsson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, POB124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
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24
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Campo VL, Marchiori MF, Rodrigues LC, Dias-Baruffi M. Synthetic glycoconjugates inhibitors of tumor-related galectin-3: an update. Glycoconj J 2016; 33:853-876. [PMID: 27526114 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-016-9721-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-3 is associated with the development and malignancy of several types of tumor, mediating important tumor-related functions, such as tumorigenesis, neoplastic transformation, tumor cell survival, angiogenesis, tumor metastasis and regulation of apoptosis. Therefore, synthetic galectin-3 inhibitors are of utmost importance for development of new antitumor therapeutic strategies. In this review we present an updated selection of synthetic glycoconjugates inhibitors of tumor-related galectin-3, properly addressed as monosaccharide- and disaccharide-based inhibitors, and multivalent-based inhibitors, disclosuring relevant methods for their synthesis along with their inhibitory activities towards galectin-3. In general, Cu(I)-assisted 1,3-dipolar azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reactions were predominantly applied for the synthesis of the described inhibitors, which had their inhibitory activities against galectin-3 evaluated by fluorescence polarization, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), hemagglutination, ELISA and cell imaging assays. Overall, the presented synthetic glycoconjugates represent frontline galectin-3 inhibitors, finding important biomedical applications in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Leiria Campo
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Av. Café S/N, CEP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Fiori Marchiori
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Av. Café S/N, CEP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Lílian Cataldi Rodrigues
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Av. Café S/N, CEP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dias-Baruffi
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Av. Café S/N, CEP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
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Delaine T, Collins P, MacKinnon A, Sharma G, Stegmayr J, Rajput VK, Mandal S, Cumpstey I, Larumbe A, Salameh BA, Kahl-Knutsson B, van Hattum H, van Scherpenzeel M, Pieters RJ, Sethi T, Schambye H, Oredsson S, Leffler H, Blanchard H, Nilsson UJ. Galectin-3-Binding Glycomimetics that Strongly Reduce Bleomycin-Induced Lung Fibrosis and Modulate Intracellular Glycan Recognition. Chembiochem 2016; 17:1759-70. [PMID: 27356186 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Discovery of glycan-competitive galectin-3-binding compounds that attenuate lung fibrosis in a murine model and that block intracellular galectin-3 accumulation at damaged vesicles, hence revealing galectin-3-glycan interactions involved in fibrosis progression and in intracellular galectin-3 activities, is reported. 3,3'-Bis-(4-aryltriazol-1-yl)thiodigalactosides were synthesized and evaluated as antagonists of galectin-1, -2, -3, and -4 N-terminal, -4 C-terminal, -7 and -8 N-terminal, -9 N-terminal, and -9 C-terminal domains. Compounds displaying low-nanomolar affinities for galectins-1 and -3 were identified in a competitive fluorescence anisotropy assay. X-ray structural analysis of selected compounds in complex with galectin-3, together with galectin-3 mutant binding experiments, revealed that both the aryltriazolyl moieties and fluoro substituents on the compounds are involved in key interactions responsible for exceptional affinities towards galectin-3. The most potent galectin-3 antagonist was demonstrated to act in an assay monitoring galectin-3 accumulation upon amitriptyline-induced vesicle damage, visualizing a biochemically/medically relevant intracellular lectin-carbohydrate binding event and that it can be blocked by a small molecule. The same antagonist administered intratracheally attenuated bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in a mouse model with a dose/response profile comparing favorably with that of oral administration of the marketed antifibrotic compound pirfenidone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Delaine
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P. O. Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Patrick Collins
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Alison MacKinnon
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - G Sharma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section MIG, Lund University, BMC-C1228b, Klinikgatan 28, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - John Stegmayr
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section MIG, Lund University, BMC-C1228b, Klinikgatan 28, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Vishal K Rajput
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P. O. Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Santanu Mandal
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P. O. Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ian Cumpstey
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P. O. Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Amaia Larumbe
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P. O. Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bader A Salameh
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P. O. Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.,Chemistry Department, The Hashemite University, P. O. Box 150459, Zarka, 13115, Jordan
| | - Barbro Kahl-Knutsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section MIG, Lund University, BMC-C1228b, Klinikgatan 28, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hilde van Hattum
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, P. O. Box 80082, 3508 TB, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Monique van Scherpenzeel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, P. O. Box 80082, 3508 TB, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Translational Metabolic Laboratory, 51 Radboud University Medical Center, P. O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Roland J Pieters
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, P. O. Box 80082, 3508 TB, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Tariq Sethi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Kings College, 41 Denmark Hill Campus, Bessemer Road, London, SE5 9RJ, UK
| | - Hans Schambye
- Galecto Biotech ApS, COBIS, Ole Maaloes vej 3, Copenhagen N, 2200, Denmark
| | - Stina Oredsson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, P. O. Box 118, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section MIG, Lund University, BMC-C1228b, Klinikgatan 28, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Helen Blanchard
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, 4222, Australia.
| | - Ulf J Nilsson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P. O. Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.
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Blanchard H, Bum-Erdene K, Bohari MH, Yu X. Galectin-1 inhibitors and their potential therapeutic applications: a patent review. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2016; 26:537-54. [PMID: 26950805 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2016.1163338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Galectins have affinity for β-galactosides. Human galectin-1 is ubiquitously expressed in the body and its expression level can be a marker in disease. Targeted inhibition of galectin-1 gives potential for treatment of inflammatory disorders and anti-cancer therapeutics. AREAS COVERED This review discusses progress in galectin-1 inhibitor discovery and development. Patent applications pertaining to galectin-1 inhibitors are categorised as monovalent- and multivalent-carbohydrate-based inhibitors, peptides- and peptidomimetics. Furthermore, the potential of galectin-1 protein as a therapeutic is discussed along with consideration of the unique challenges that galectin-1 presents, including its monomer-dimer equilibrium and oxidized and reduced forms, with regard to delivering an intact protein to a pathologically relevant site. EXPERT OPINION Significant evidence implicates galectin-1's involvement in cancer progression, inflammation, and host-pathogen interactions. Conserved sequence similarity of the carbohydrate-binding sites of different galectins makes design of specific antagonists (blocking agents/inhibitors of function) difficult. Key challenges pertaining to the therapeutic use of galectin-1 are its monomer-dimer equilibrium, its redox state, and delivery of intact galectin-1 to the desired site. Developing modified forms of galectin-1 has resulted in increased stability and functional potency. Gene and protein therapy approaches that deliver the protein toward the target are under exploration as is exploitation of different inhibitor scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Blanchard
- a Institute for Glycomics , Griffith University , Gold Coast Campus , Queensland , Australia
| | - Khuchtumur Bum-Erdene
- a Institute for Glycomics , Griffith University , Gold Coast Campus , Queensland , Australia
| | | | - Xing Yu
- a Institute for Glycomics , Griffith University , Gold Coast Campus , Queensland , Australia
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Mandal S, Nilsson UJ. Tri-isopropylsilyl thioglycosides as masked glycosyl thiol nucleophiles for the synthesis of S-linked glycosides and glyco-conjugates. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:4816-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00741g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tri-isopropylsilyl thio-glycosides (TIPS S-glycosides), readily synthesized from glycosyl halides, glycosyl acetates, or p-methoxyphenyl glycosides, were in one-pot de-silylated and S-alkylated, -acylated, or -glycosylated in high yields and short time.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Mandal
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis
- Department of Chemistry
- Lund University
- Lund, Sweden
| | - U. J. Nilsson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis
- Department of Chemistry
- Lund University
- Lund, Sweden
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28
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Gertsik N, Ballard TE, Am Ende CW, Johnson DS, Li YM. Development of CBAP-BPyne, a probe for γ-secretase and presenilinase. MEDCHEMCOMM 2014; 5:338-341. [PMID: 24914408 DOI: 10.1039/c3md00281k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
γ-Secretase undergoes endoproteolysis of its catalytic subunit, presenilin (PS), to form PS N-terminal and C-terminal fragments (PS1-NTF/CTF), which generate the active site. PS endoproteolysis, catalyzed by presenilinase (PSase), remains poorly understood and requires novel chemical approaches for its mechanistic study. CBAP is a dual inhibitor that suppresses both γ-secretase and PSase activities. To probe γ-secretase and PSase activity in cells, we have synthesized the clickable photoaffinity probe CBAP-BPyne. We found that CBAP-BPyne specifically labels PS1-NTF and signal peptide peptidase (SPP). CBAP-BPyne is a valuable tool to directly study the mechanism of endoproteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya Gertsik
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA ; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - T Eric Ballard
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA ; Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Christopher W Am Ende
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Douglas S Johnson
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yue-Ming Li
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Uppal T, Bhupathiraju NDK, Vicente MGH. Synthesis and cellular properties of Near-IR BODIPY–PEG and carbohydrate conjugates. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.03.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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van Hattum H, Branderhorst HM, Moret EE, Nilsson UJ, Leffler H, Pieters RJ. Tuning the preference of thiodigalactoside- and lactosamine-based ligands to galectin-3 over galectin-1. J Med Chem 2013; 56:1350-4. [PMID: 23281927 DOI: 10.1021/jm301677r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors for galectin-1 and -3 were synthesized from thiodigalactoside and lactosamine by derivatization of the galactose C3. Introduction of 4-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl substituents at the thiodigalactoside C3 by CuAAC, targeting arginine-arene interactions, increased the affinity to 13 nM but yielded little selectivity. The bulkier 4-(4-phenoxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl substituent, however, increased the preference for galectin-3 over galectin-1 to more than 200-fold. Modeling showed more arginine-arene interactions for galectin-3 than for galectin-1. Introducing 4-phenoxyaryl groups on lactosamine had a similar effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilde van Hattum
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Tandem photoaffinity labeling-bioorthogonal conjugation in medicinal chemistry. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:6237-47. [PMID: 23026086 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Photoaffinity labeling has a longstanding history as a powerful biochemical technique. However, photoaffinity labeling has significantly evolved over the past decade principally due to its coupling with bioorthogonal/click chemistry reactions. This review aims to highlight tandem photoaffinity labeling-bioorthogonal conjugation as a chemical approach in medicinal chemistry and chemical biology. In particular, recent examples of using this strategy for affinity-based protein profiling (AfBPP), drug target identification, binding ensemble profiling, studying endogenous biological molecules, and imaging applications will be presented. Additionally, recent advances in the development of 'all-in-one' compact moieties possessing a photoreactive group and clickable handle will be discussed.
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Yang Y, Xue XC, Jin XF, Wang LJ, Sha YL, Li ZJ. Synthesis of multivalent N-acetyl lactosamine modified quantum dots for the study of carbohydrate and galectin-3 interactions. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Carbohydrates and carbohydrate-containing biomolecules engage in binding events that underlie many essential biological processes. Yet these carbohydrate-mediated interactions are often poorly characterized, due to their low affinities and heterogenous natures. The use of photocrosslinking functional groups offers a way to photochemically capture carbohydrate-containing complexes, which can be isolated for further analysis. Here we survey progress in the synthesis and use of carbohydrate-based photoprobes, reagents that incorporate carbohydrates or their analogs, photocrosslinking moieties, and affinity purification handles. Carbohydrate photoprobes, used in combination with modern mass spectrometry methods, can provide important new insights into the cellular roles of carbohydrates and glycosylated molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Ho Yu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9038
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Menendez C, Chollet A, Rodriguez F, Inard C, Pasca MR, Lherbet C, Baltas M. Chemical synthesis and biological evaluation of triazole derivatives as inhibitors of InhA and antituberculosis agents. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 52:275-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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35
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Kupper CE, Rosencrantz RR, Henßen B, Pelantová H, Thönes S, Drozdová A, Křen V, Elling L. Chemo-enzymatic modification of poly-N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc) oligomers and N,N-diacetyllactosamine (LacDiNAc) based on galactose oxidase treatment. Beilstein J Org Chem 2012; 8:712-25. [PMID: 23015818 PMCID: PMC3388858 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.8.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of glycans in biological systems is highlighted by their various functions in physiological and pathological processes. Many glycan epitopes on glycoproteins and glycolipids are based on N-acetyllactosamine units (LacNAc; Galβ1,4GlcNAc) and often present on extended poly-LacNAc glycans ([Galβ1,4GlcNAc](n)). Poly-LacNAc itself has been identified as a binding motif of galectins, an important class of lectins with functions in immune response and tumorigenesis. Therefore, the synthesis of natural and modified poly-LacNAc glycans is of specific interest for binding studies with galectins as well as for studies of their possible therapeutic applications. We present the oxidation by galactose oxidase and subsequent chemical or enzymatic modification of terminal galactose and N-acetylgalactosamine residues of poly-N-acetyllactosamine (poly-LacNAc) oligomers and N,N-diacetyllactosamine (LacDiNAc) by galactose oxidase. Product formation starting from different poly-LacNAc oligomers was characterised and optimised regarding formation of the C6-aldo product. Further modification of the aldehyde containing glycans, either by chemical conversion or enzymatic elongation, was established. Base-catalysed β-elimination, coupling of biotin-hydrazide with subsequent reduction to the corresponding hydrazine linkage, and coupling by reductive amination to an amino-functionalised poly-LacNAc oligomer were performed and the products characterised by LC-MS and NMR analysis. Remarkably, elongation of terminally oxidised poly-LacNAc glycans by β3GlcNAc- and β4Gal-transferase was also successful. In this way, a set of novel, modified poly-LacNAc oligomers containing terminally and/or internally modified galactose residues were obtained, which can be used for binding studies and various other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane E Kupper
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Ruben R Rosencrantz
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Birgit Henßen
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Helena Pelantová
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, Prague 4, CZ 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Stephan Thönes
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Anna Drozdová
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, Prague 4, CZ 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Křen
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, Prague 4, CZ 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Lothar Elling
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, Aachen, 52074, Germany
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Nanomolar affinity, iminosugar-based chemical probes for specific labeling of lysosomal glucocerebrosidase. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:267-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2009] [Revised: 10/22/2009] [Accepted: 10/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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