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Du Y, Thanapipatsiri A, Yokoyama K. Biosynthesis and Genome Mining Potentials of Nucleoside Natural Products. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300342. [PMID: 37357819 PMCID: PMC10530009 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Nucleoside natural products show diverse biological activities and serve as leads for various application purposes, including human and veterinary medicine and agriculture. Studies in the past decade revealed that these nucleosides are biosynthesized through divergent mechanisms, in which early steps of the pathways can be classified into two types (C5' oxidation and C5' radical extension), while the structural diversity is created by downstream tailoring enzymes. Based on this biosynthetic logic, we investigated the genome mining discovery potentials of these nucleosides using the two enzymes representing the two types of C5' modifications: LipL-type α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) and Fe-dependent oxygenases and NikJ-type radical S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) enzymes. The results suggest that this approach allows discovery of putative nucleoside biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) and the prediction of the core nucleoside structures. The results also revealed the distribution of these pathways in nature and implied the possibility of future genome mining discovery of novel nucleoside natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Du
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, 307 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Anyarat Thanapipatsiri
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, 307 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kenichi Yokoyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, 307 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, 307 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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2
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Bär D, Konetschny B, Kulik A, Xu H, Paccagnella D, Beller P, Ziemert N, Dickschat JS, Gust B. Origin of the 3-methylglutaryl moiety in caprazamycin biosynthesis. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:232. [PMID: 36335365 PMCID: PMC9636800 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01955-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caprazamycins are liponucleoside antibiotics showing bioactivity against Gram-positive bacteria including clinically relevant Mycobacterium tuberculosis by targeting the bacterial MraY-translocase. Their chemical structure contains a unique 3-methylglutaryl moiety which they only share with the closely related liposidomycins. Although the biosynthesis of caprazamycin is understood to some extent, the origin of 3-methylglutaryl-CoA for caprazamycin biosynthesis remains elusive. RESULTS In this work, we demonstrate two pathways of the heterologous producer Streptomyces coelicolor M1154 capable of supplying 3-methylglutaryl-CoA: One is encoded by the caprazamycin gene cluster itself including the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase Cpz5. The second pathway is part of primary metabolism of the host cell and encodes for the leucine/isovalerate utilization pathway (Liu-pathway). We could identify the liu cluster in S. coelicolor M1154 and gene deletions showed that the intermediate 3-methylglutaconyl-CoA is used for 3-methylglutaryl-CoA biosynthesis. This is the first report of this intermediate being hijacked for secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Furthermore, Cpz20 and Cpz25 from the caprazamycin gene cluster were found to be part of a common route after both individual pathways are merged together. CONCLUSIONS The unique 3-methylglutaryl moiety in caprazamycin originates both from the caprazamycin gene cluster and the leucine/isovalerate utilization pathway of the heterologous host. Our study enhanced the knowledge on the caprazamycin biosynthesis and points out the importance of primary metabolism of the host cell for biosynthesis of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bär
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Konetschny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Kulik
- Department of Microbial Bioactive Compounds, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Houchao Xu
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Davide Paccagnella
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Patrick Beller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nadine Ziemert
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jeroen S Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bertolt Gust
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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Discovery of anti-infective adipostatins through bioactivity-guided isolation and heterologous expression of a type III polyketide synthase. Bioorg Chem 2021; 112:104925. [PMID: 34022708 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance and emerging viral pandemics have posed an urgent need for new anti-infective drugs. By screening our microbial extract library against the main protease of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the notorious ESKAPE pathogens, an active fraction was identified and purified, leading to an initial isolation of adipostatins A (1) and B (2). In order to diversify the chemical structures of adipostatins toward enhanced biological activities, a type III polyketide synthase was identified from the native producer, Streptomyces davawensis DSM101723, and was subsequently expressed in an E. coli host, resulting in the isolation of nine additional adipostatins 3-11, including two new analogs (9 and 11). The structures of 1-11 were established by HRMS, NMR, and chemical derivatization, including using a microgram-scale meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid epoxidation-MS/MS analysis to unambiguously determine the double bond position in the alkyl chain. The present study discovered SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitory activity for the class of adipostatins for the first time. Several of the adipostatins isolated also exhibited antimicrobial activity against selected ESKAPE pathogens.
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Guo Z, Tang Y, Tang W, Chen Y. Heptose-containing bacterial natural products: structures, bioactivities, and biosyntheses. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 38:1887-1909. [PMID: 33704304 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00075b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2020Glycosylated natural products hold great potential as drugs for the treatment of human and animal diseases. Heptoses, known as seven-carbon-chain-containing sugars, are a group of saccharides that are rarely observed in natural products. Based on the structures of the heptoses, the heptose-containing natural products can be divided into four groups, characterized by heptofuranose, highly-reduced heptopyranose, d-heptopyranose, and l-heptopyranose. Many of them possess remarkable biological properties, including antibacterial, antifungal, antitumor, and pain relief activities, thereby attracting great interest in biosynthesis and chemical synthesis studies to understand their construction mechanisms and structure-activity relationships. In this review, we summarize the structural properties, biological activities, and recent progress in the biosynthesis of bacterial natural products featuring seven-carbon-chain-containing sugars. The biosynthetic origins of the heptose moieties are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Yue Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Wei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Yihua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
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5
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Nitta K, Breitling R, Takano E, Putri SP, Fukusaki E. Investigation of the effects of actinorhodin biosynthetic gene cluster expression and a rpoB point mutation on the metabolome of Streptomyces coelicolor M1146. J Biosci Bioeng 2021; 131:525-536. [PMID: 33549493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The previously reported Streptomyces coelicolor M1146 is commonly used as a host strain for engineering of secondary metabolite production. In this study, absolute quantification of intracellular and extracellular metabolites of M1146 was performed in mid-log phase and stationary phase to observe major metabolites and the changes that occurred during growth. Decreased levels of central carbon metabolites (glycolysis, TCA cycle, and pentose phosphate pathway) and increased levels of amino acids were observed in stationary phase compared to mid-log phase. Furthermore, comparative metabolome analyses of M1146 upon expression of the actinorhodin biosynthetic gene cluster (M1146+ACT), a point mutation on the rpoB gene encoding RNA polymerase beta-subunit (M1152), and both expression of actinorhodin biosynthetic gene cluster and a rpoB point mutation (M1152+ACT) were performed. M1146+ACT showed higher levels of important cofactors, such as ATP, NADPH, and FMN while M1152 led to higher levels of intracellular S-adenosyl-methionine, acyl-CoAs, and extracellular nucleosides compared to M1146. M1152+ACT exhibited the highest levels of actinorhodin with elevated bases, nucleosides, and nucleotides, such as intracellular PRPP (phosphoribosyl phosphate), ATP, along with extracellular inosine, uridine, and guanine compared to the other three strains, which were considered to be combined effects of actinorhodin gene cluster expression and a rpoB point mutation. Metabolites analysis by means of absolute quantification demonstrated changes in precursors of secondary metabolites before and after phosphate depletion in M1146. Comparative metabolome analysis provided further insights into the effects of actinorhodin gene cluster expression along with a rpoB point mutation on the metabolome of S. coelicolor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuaki Nitta
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Rainer Breitling
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Manchester Synthetic Biology Research Centre SYNBIOCHEM, Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
| | - Eriko Takano
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Manchester Synthetic Biology Research Centre SYNBIOCHEM, Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
| | - Sastia P Putri
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Eiichiro Fukusaki
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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6
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McErlean M, Liu X, Cui Z, Gust B, Van Lanen SG. Identification and characterization of enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of pyrimidine nucleoside antibiotics. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 38:1362-1407. [PMID: 33404015 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00064g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to September 2020 Hundreds of nucleoside-based natural products have been isolated from various microorganisms, several of which have been utilized in agriculture as pesticides and herbicides, in medicine as therapeutics for cancer and infectious disease, and as molecular probes to study biological processes. Natural products consisting of structural modifications of each of the canonical nucleosides have been discovered, ranging from simple modifications such as single-step alkylations or acylations to highly elaborate modifications that dramatically alter the nucleoside scaffold and require multiple enzyme-catalyzed reactions. A vast amount of genomic information has been uncovered the past two decades, which has subsequently allowed the first opportunity to interrogate the chemically intriguing enzymatic transformations for the latter type of modifications. This review highlights (i) the discovery and potential applications of structurally complex pyrimidine nucleoside antibiotics for which genetic information is known, (ii) the established reactions that convert the canonical pyrimidine into a new nucleoside scaffold, and (iii) the important tailoring reactions that impart further structural complexity to these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- M McErlean
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, USA.
| | - X Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, USA.
| | - Z Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, USA.
| | - B Gust
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - S G Van Lanen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, USA.
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7
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Gong R, Yu L, Qin Y, Price NPJ, He X, Deng Z, Chen W. Harnessing synthetic biology-based strategies for engineered biosynthesis of nucleoside natural products in actinobacteria. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 46:107673. [PMID: 33276073 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance poses an increasing threat to global health, and it is urgent to reverse the present trend by accelerating development of new natural product derived drugs. Nucleoside antibiotics, a valuable family of promising natural products with remarkable structural features and diverse biological activities, have played significant roles in healthcare and for plant protection. Understanding the biosynthesis of these intricate molecules has provided a foundation for bioengineering the microbial cell factory towards yield enhancement and structural diversification. In this review, we summarize the recent progresses in employing synthetic biology-based strategies to improve the production of target nucleoside antibiotics. Moreover, we delineate the advances on rationally accessing the chemical diversities of natural nucleoside antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Gong
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Le Yu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yini Qin
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Neil P J Price
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Xinyi He
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zixin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Wenqing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
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8
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Liposidomycin, the first reported nucleoside antibiotic inhibitor of peptidoglycan biosynthesis translocase I: The discovery of liposidomycin and related compounds with a perspective on their application to new antibiotics. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2019; 72:877-889. [DOI: 10.1038/s41429-019-0241-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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9
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Recent advances in the biosynthesis of nucleoside antibiotics. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2019; 72:913-923. [PMID: 31554958 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-019-0236-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Nucleoside antibiotics are a diverse class of natural products with promising biomedical activities. These compounds contain a saccharide core and a nucleobase. Despite the large number of nucleoside antibiotics that have been reported, biosynthetic studies on these compounds have been limited compared with those on other types of natural products such as polyketides, peptides, and terpenoids. Due to recent advances in genome sequencing technology, the biosynthesis of nucleoside antibiotics has rapidly been clarified. This review covering 2009-2019 focuses on recent advances in the biosynthesis of nucleoside antibiotics.
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10
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Wiker F, Konnerth M, Helmle I, Kulik A, Kaysser L, Gross H, Gust B. Identification of Novel α-Pyrones from Conexibacter woesei Serving as Sulfate Shuttles. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:1972-1980. [PMID: 31419109 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Pyrones comprise a structurally diverse class of compounds. Although they are widespread in nature, their specific physiological functions remain unknown in most cases. We recently described that triketide pyrones mediate the sulfotransfer in caprazamycin biosynthesis. Herein, we report the identification of conexipyrones A-C, three previously unrecognized tetra-substituted α-pyrones, from the soil actinobacterium Conexibacter woesei. Insights into their biosynthesis via a type III polyketide synthase were obtained by feeding studies using isotope-enriched precursors. In vitro assays employing the genetically associated 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS)-dependent sulfotransferase CwoeST revealed conexipyrones as the enzymes' genuine sulfate acceptor substrates. Furthermore, conexipyrones were determined to function as sulfate shuttles in a two-enzyme assay, because their sulfated derivatives were accepted as donor molecules by the PAPS-independent arylsulfate sulfotransferase (ASST) Cpz4 to yield sulfated caprazamycin intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Wiker
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Konnerth
- Organic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Irina Helmle
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Kulik
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Leonard Kaysser
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Harald Gross
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bertolt Gust
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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11
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Wiker F, Hauck N, Grond S, Gust B. Caprazamycins: Biosynthesis and structure activity relationship studies. Int J Med Microbiol 2019; 309:319-324. [PMID: 31138496 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell wall biosynthesis represents a valid target for antibacterial action but only a limited number of chemical structure classes selectively interact with specific enzymes or protein structures like transporters of the cell envelope. The integral membrane protein MraY translocase is essential for peptidoglycan biosynthesis catalysing the transfer of the peptidoglycan precursor phospho-MurNAc-pentapeptide to the lipid carrier undecaprenyl phosphate, thereby generating the cell wall intermediate lipid I. Not present in eukaryotic cells, MraY is a member of the superfamily of yet not well-understood integral membrane enzymes which involve proteins for bacterial lipopolysaccharide and teichoic acid or eukaryotic N-linked saccharides biosynthesis. Different natural nucleoside antibiotics as inhibitors of MraY translocase have been discovered comprising a glycosylated heterocyclic pyrimidin base among other potential lipid-, peptidic- or sugar moieties. Caprazamycins are liponucleoside antibiotics isolated from Streptomyces sp. MK730-62F2. They possess activity in vitro against Gram-positive bacteria, in particular against the genus Mycobacterium including M. intracellulare, M. avium and M. tuberculosis. Structural elucidation revealed the (+)-caprazol core skeleton as a unique moiety, the caprazamycins share with other MraY inhibitors such as the liposidomycins, A-90289 and the muraminomicins. They also share structural features such as uridyl-, aminoribosyl- and fatty acyl-moieties with other MraY translocase inhibitors like FR-900493 and the muraymycins. Intensive studies on their biosynthesis during the last decade identified not only common initial biosynthetic steps, but also revealed possible branching points towards individual biosynthesis of the respective compound. Structural diversity of caprazamycins was generated by feeding experiments, genetic engineering of the biosynthetic gene clusters and chemical synthesis for structure activity relationship studies with its target, MraY translocase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Wiker
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nils Hauck
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Grond
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bertolt Gust
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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Cui Z, Liu X, Overbay J, Cai W, Wang X, Lemke A, Wiegmann D, Niro G, Thorson JS, Ducho C, Van Lanen SG. Enzymatic Synthesis of the Ribosylated Glycyl-Uridine Disaccharide Core of Peptidyl Nucleoside Antibiotics. J Org Chem 2018; 83:7239-7249. [PMID: 29768920 PMCID: PMC6291243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Muraymycins belong to a family of nucleoside antibiotics that have a distinctive disaccharide core consisting of 5-amino-5-deoxyribofuranose (ADR) attached to 6'- N-alkyl-5'- C-glycyluridine (GlyU). Here, we functionally assign and characterize six enzymes from the muraymycin biosynthetic pathway involved in the core assembly that starts from uridine monophosphate (UMP). The biosynthesis is initiated by Mur16, a nonheme Fe(II)- and α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase, followed by four transferase enzymes: Mur17, a pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent transaldolase; Mur20, an aminotransferase; Mur26, a pyrimidine phosphorylase; and Mur18, a nucleotidylyltransferase. The pathway culminates in glycosidic bond formation in a reaction catalyzed by an additional transferase enzyme, Mur19, a ribosyltransferase. Analysis of the biochemical properties revealed several noteworthy discoveries including that (i) Mur16 and downstream enzymes can also process 2'-deoxy-UMP to generate a 2-deoxy-ADR, which is consistent with the structure of some muraymycin congeners; (ii) Mur20 prefers l-Tyr as the amino donor source; (iii) Mur18 activity absolutely depends on the amine functionality of the ADR precursor consistent with the nucleotidyltransfer reaction occurring after the Mur20-catalyzed aminotransfer reaction; and (iv) the bona fide sugar acceptor for Mur19 is (5' S,6' S)-GlyU, suggesting that ribosyltransfer occurs prior to N-alkylation of GlyU. Finally, a one-pot, six-enzyme reaction was utilized to generate the ADR-GlyU disaccharide core starting from UMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Jonathan Overbay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Wenlong Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Xiachang Wang
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Anke Lemke
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Daniel Wiegmann
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Giuliana Niro
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jon S. Thorson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Christian Ducho
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Steven G. Van Lanen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
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Self-Resistance during Muraymycin Biosynthesis: a Complementary Nucleotidyltransferase and Phosphotransferase with Identical Modification Sites and Distinct Temporal Order. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.00193-18. [PMID: 29735559 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00193-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Muraymycins are antibacterial natural products from Streptomyces spp. that inhibit translocase I (MraY), which is involved in cell wall biosynthesis. Structurally, muraymycins consist of a 5'-C-glycyluridine (GlyU) appended to a 5″-amino-5″-deoxyribose (ADR), forming a disaccharide core that is found in several peptidyl nucleoside inhibitors of MraY. For muraymycins, the GlyU-ADR disaccharide is further modified with an aminopropyl-linked peptide to generate the simplest structures, annotated as the muraymycin D series. Two enzymes encoded in the muraymycin biosynthetic gene cluster, Mur29 and Mur28, were functionally assigned in vitro as a Mg·ATP-dependent nucleotidyltransferase and a Mg·ATP-dependent phosphotransferase, respectively, both modifying the 3″-OH of the disaccharide. Biochemical characterization revealed that both enzymes can utilize several nucleotide donors as cosubstrates and the acceptor substrate muraymycin also behaves as an inhibitor. Single-substrate kinetic analyses revealed that Mur28 preferentially phosphorylates a synthetic GlyU-ADR disaccharide, a hypothetical biosynthetic precursor of muraymycins, while Mur29 preferentially adenylates the D series of muraymycins. The adenylated or phosphorylated products have significantly reduced (170-fold and 51-fold, respectively) MraY inhibitory activities and reduced antibacterial activities, compared with the respective unmodified muraymycins. The results are consistent with Mur29-catalyzed adenylation and Mur28-catalyzed phosphorylation serving as complementary self-resistance mechanisms, with a distinct temporal order during muraymycin biosynthesis.
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Natural and engineered biosynthesis of nucleoside antibiotics in Actinomycetes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 43:401-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-015-1636-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Nucleoside antibiotics constitute an important family of microbial natural products bearing diverse bioactivities and unusual structural features. Their biosynthetic logics are unique with involvement of complex multi-enzymatic reactions leading to the intricate molecules from simple building blocks. Understanding how nature builds this family of antibiotics in post-genomic era sets the stage for rational enhancement of their production, and also paves the way for targeted persuasion of the cell factories to make artificial designer nucleoside drugs and leads via synthetic biology approaches. In this review, we discuss the recent progress and perspectives on the natural and engineered biosynthesis of nucleoside antibiotics.
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15
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Cai W, Goswami A, Yang Z, Liu X, Green KD, Barnard-Britson S, Baba S, Funabashi M, Nonaka K, Sunkara M, Morris AJ, Spork AP, Ducho C, Garneau-Tsodikova S, Thorson JS, Van Lanen SG. The Biosynthesis of Capuramycin-type Antibiotics: IDENTIFICATION OF THE A-102395 BIOSYNTHETIC GENE CLUSTER, MECHANISM OF SELF-RESISTANCE, AND FORMATION OF URIDINE-5'-CARBOXAMIDE. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:13710-24. [PMID: 25855790 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.646414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A-500359s, A-503083s, and A-102395 are capuramycin-type nucleoside antibiotics that were discovered using a screen to identify inhibitors of bacterial translocase I, an essential enzyme in peptidoglycan cell wall biosynthesis. Like the parent capuramycin, A-500359s and A-503083s consist of three structural components: a uridine-5'-carboxamide (CarU), a rare unsaturated hexuronic acid, and an aminocaprolactam, the last of which is substituted by an unusual arylamine-containing polyamide in A-102395. The biosynthetic gene clusters for A-500359s and A-503083s have been reported, and two genes encoding a putative non-heme Fe(II)-dependent α-ketoglutarate:UMP dioxygenase and an l-Thr:uridine-5'-aldehyde transaldolase were uncovered, suggesting that C-C bond formation during assembly of the high carbon (C6) sugar backbone of CarU proceeds from the precursors UMP and l-Thr to form 5'-C-glycyluridine (C7) as a biosynthetic intermediate. Here, isotopic enrichment studies with the producer of A-503083s were used to indeed establish l-Thr as the direct source of the carboxamide of CarU. With this knowledge, the A-102395 gene cluster was subsequently cloned and characterized. A genetic system in the A-102395-producing strain was developed, permitting the inactivation of several genes, including those encoding the dioxygenase (cpr19) and transaldolase (cpr25), which abolished the production of A-102395, thus confirming their role in biosynthesis. Heterologous production of recombinant Cpr19 and CapK, the transaldolase homolog involved in A-503083 biosynthesis, confirmed their expected function. Finally, a phosphotransferase (Cpr17) conferring self-resistance was functionally characterized. The results provide the opportunity to use comparative genomics along with in vivo and in vitro approaches to probe the biosynthetic mechanism of these intriguing structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Cai
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506
| | - Anwesha Goswami
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506
| | - Zhaoyong Yang
- the Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 1000050, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506
| | - Keith D Green
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506
| | - Sandra Barnard-Britson
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506
| | - Satoshi Baba
- the New Modality Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo 103-8426, Japan
| | - Masanori Funabashi
- the Drug Discovery and Biomedical Technology Unit, Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Nonaka
- the Biologics Technology Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo 103-8426, Japan
| | - Manjula Sunkara
- the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Gill Heart Institute, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, and
| | - Andrew J Morris
- the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Gill Heart Institute, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, and
| | - Anatol P Spork
- the Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Christian Ducho
- the Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506
| | - Jon S Thorson
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506
| | - Steven G Van Lanen
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506,
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Carbon-flux distribution within Streptomyces coelicolor metabolism: a comparison between the actinorhodin-producing strain M145 and its non-producing derivative M1146. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84151. [PMID: 24376790 PMCID: PMC3871631 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic Flux Analysis is now viewed as essential to elucidate the metabolic pattern of cells and to design appropriate genetic engineering strategies to improve strain performance and production processes. Here, we investigated carbon flux distribution in two Streptomyces coelicolor A3 (2) strains: the wild type M145 and its derivative mutant M1146, in which gene clusters encoding the four main antibiotic biosynthetic pathways were deleted. Metabolic Flux Analysis and (13)C-labeling allowed us to reconstruct a flux map under steady-state conditions for both strains. The mutant strain M1146 showed a higher growth rate, a higher flux through the pentose phosphate pathway and a higher flux through the anaplerotic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. In that strain, glucose uptake and the flux through the Krebs cycle were lower than in M145. The enhanced flux through the pentose phosphate pathway in M1146 is thought to generate NADPH enough to face higher needs for biomass biosynthesis and other processes. In both strains, the production of NADPH was higher than NADPH needs, suggesting a key role for nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase for redox homeostasis. ATP production is also likely to exceed metabolic ATP needs, indicating that ATP consumption for maintenance is substantial.Our results further suggest a possible competition between actinorhodin and triacylglycerol biosynthetic pathways for their common precursor, acetyl-CoA. These findings may be instrumental in developing new strategies exploiting S. coelicolor as a platform for the production of bio-based products of industrial interest.
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Funabashi M, Baba S, Takatsu T, Kizuka M, Ohata Y, Tanaka M, Nonaka K, Spork AP, Ducho C, Chen WCL, Van Lanen SG. Structure-based gene targeting discovery of sphaerimicin, a bacterial translocase I inhibitor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:11607-11. [PMID: 24014169 PMCID: PMC3873198 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201305546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Rise and shine: Using a gene-targeting approach aimed at identifying potential L-threonine:uridine-5'-transaldolases that catalyze the formation of (5'S,6'S)-C-glycyluridine, a new bacterial translocase I inhibitor was discovered from an actinomycete following fermentation optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Funabashi
- Natural Product Research Group, Discovery Science and Technology Department, Drug Discovery and Biomedical Technology Unit, Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd., Tokyo 134-8630 (Japan)
| | - Satoshi Baba
- New Modality Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo 140-8710 (Japan)
| | - Toshio Takatsu
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Center for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd., Tokyo 134-8630 (Japan)
| | - Masaaki Kizuka
- Natural Product Research Group, Discovery Science and Technology Department, Drug Discovery and Biomedical Technology Unit, Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd., Tokyo 134-8630 (Japan)
| | - Yasuo Ohata
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Center for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd., Tokyo 134-8630 (Japan)
| | - Masahiro Tanaka
- Natural Product Research Group, Discovery Science and Technology Department, Drug Discovery and Biomedical Technology Unit, Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd., Tokyo 134-8630 (Japan)
| | - Koichi Nonaka
- Biologics Technology Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Gunma 370-0503 (Japan)
| | - Anatol P Spork
- Department of Chemistry, University of Paderborn, Paderborn 33098 (Germany)
| | - Christian Ducho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Paderborn, Paderborn 33098 (Germany)
| | - Wei-Chen Leyla Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky 789 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536 (USA)
| | - Steven G Van Lanen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky 789 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536 (USA)
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18
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Tang X, Gross M, Xie Y, Kulik A, Gust B. Identification of Mureidomycin Analogues and Functional Analysis of an N-Acetyltransferase in Napsamycin Biosynthesis. Chembiochem 2013; 14:2248-55. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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19
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Funabashi M, Baba S, Takatsu T, Kizuka M, Ohata Y, Tanaka M, Nonaka K, Spork AP, Ducho C, Chen WCL, Van Lanen SG. Structure-Based Gene Targeting Discovery of Sphaerimicin, a Bacterial Translocase I Inhibitor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201305546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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20
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A two-step sulfation in antibiotic biosynthesis requires a type III polyketide synthase. Nat Chem Biol 2013; 9:610-5. [DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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21
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Lin CI, McCarty RM, Liu HW. The biosynthesis of nitrogen-, sulfur-, and high-carbon chain-containing sugars. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:4377-407. [PMID: 23348524 PMCID: PMC3641179 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35438a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates serve many structural and functional roles in biology. While the majority of monosaccharides are characterized by the chemical composition (CH2O)n, modifications including deoxygenation, C-alkylation, amination, O- and N-methylation, which are characteristic of many sugar appendages of secondary metabolites, are not uncommon. Interestingly, some sugar molecules are formed via modifications including amine oxidation, sulfur incorporation, and "high-carbon" chain attachment. Most of these unusual sugars have been identified over the past several decades as components of microbially produced natural products, although a few high-carbon sugars are also found in the lipooligosaccharides of the outer cell walls of Gram-negative bacteria. Despite their broad distribution in nature, these sugars are considered "rare" due to their relative scarcity. The biosynthetic steps that underlie their formation continue to perplex researchers to this day and many questions regarding key transformations remain unanswered. This review will focus on our current understanding of the biosynthesis of unusual sugars bearing oxidized amine substituents, thio-functional groups, and high-carbon chains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hung-wen Liu
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712
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22
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Chi X, Baba S, Tibrewal N, Funabashi M, Nonaka K, Van Lanen SG. The muraminomicin biosynthetic gene cluster and enzymatic formation of the 2-deoxyaminoribosyl appendage. MEDCHEMCOMM 2012; 4:239-243. [PMID: 23476724 DOI: 10.1039/c2md20245j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Muraminomicin is a lipopeptidyl nucleoside antibiotic produced by Streptosporangium amethystogenes SANK 60709. Similar to several members of this antibiotic family such as A-90289 and muraymycin, the structure of muraminomicin consists of a disaccharide comprised of two modified ribofuranose units linked by an O-β(1 → 5) glycosidic bond; however, muraminomicin holds the distinction in that both ribose units are 2-deoxy sugars. The biosynthetic gene cluster of muraminomicin has been identified, cloned and sequenced, and bioinformatic analysis revealed a minimum of 24 open reading frames putatively involved in the biosynthesis, resistance, and regulation of muraminomicin. Fives enzymes are likely involved in the assembly and attachment of the 2,5-dideoxy-5-aminoribose saccharide unit, and two are now functionally assigned and characterized: Mra20, a 5'-amino-2',5'-dideoxyuridine phosphorylase and Mra23, a UTP:5-amino-2,5-dideoxy-α-D-ribose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase. The cumulative results are consistent with the incorporation of the ribosyl appendage of muraminomicin via the archetypical sugar biosynthetic pathway that parallels A-90289 biosynthesis, and the specificity for this appendage is dictated primarily by the two characterized enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuling Chi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
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23
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Biosynthesis of the tunicamycin antibiotics proceeds via unique exo-glycal intermediates. Nat Chem 2012; 4:539-46. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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24
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Sarabia F, Vivar-García C, García-Ruiz C, Martín-Ortiz L, Romero-Carrasco A. Exploring the Chemistry of Epoxy Amides for the Synthesis of the 2′′-epi-Diazepanone Core of Liposidomycins and Caprazamycins. J Org Chem 2012; 77:1328-39. [DOI: 10.1021/jo202061t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Sarabia
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty
of Sciences, University of Malaga, 29071
Malaga, Spain
| | - Carlos Vivar-García
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty
of Sciences, University of Malaga, 29071
Malaga, Spain
| | - Cristina García-Ruiz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty
of Sciences, University of Malaga, 29071
Malaga, Spain
| | - Laura Martín-Ortiz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty
of Sciences, University of Malaga, 29071
Malaga, Spain
| | - Antonio Romero-Carrasco
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty
of Sciences, University of Malaga, 29071
Malaga, Spain
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25
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Characterization of the amicetin biosynthesis gene cluster from Streptomyces vinaceusdrappus NRRL 2363 implicates two alternative strategies for amide bond formation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 78:2393-401. [PMID: 22267658 DOI: 10.1128/aem.07185-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Amicetin, an antibacterial and antiviral agent, belongs to a group of disaccharide nucleoside antibiotics featuring an α-(1→4)-glycoside bond in the disaccharide moiety. In this study, the amicetin biosynthesis gene cluster was cloned from Streptomyces vinaceusdrappus NRRL 2363 and localized on a 37-kb contiguous DNA region. Heterologous expression of the amicetin biosynthesis gene cluster in Streptomyces lividans TK64 resulted in the production of amicetin and its analogues, thereby confirming the identity of the ami gene cluster. In silico sequence analysis revealed that 21 genes were putatively involved in amicetin biosynthesis, including 3 for regulation and transportation, 10 for disaccharide biosynthesis, and 8 for the formation of the amicetin skeleton by the linkage of cytosine, p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), and the terminal (+)-α-methylserine moieties. The inactivation of the benzoate coenzyme A (benzoate-CoA) ligase gene amiL and the N-acetyltransferase gene amiF led to two mutants that accumulated the same two compounds, cytosamine and 4-acetamido-3-hydroxybenzoic acid. These data indicated that AmiF functioned as an amide synthethase to link cytosine and PABA. The inactivation of amiR, encoding an acyl-CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase, resulted in the production of plicacetin and norplicacetin, indicating AmiR to be responsible for attachment of the terminal methylserine moiety to form another amide bond. These findings implicated two alternative strategies for amide bond formation in amicetin biosynthesis.
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26
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Yang Z, Unrine J, Nonaka K, Van Lanen SG. Fe(II)-dependent, uridine-5'-monophosphate α-ketoglutarate dioxygenases in the synthesis of 5'-modified nucleosides. Methods Enzymol 2012; 516:153-68. [PMID: 23034228 PMCID: PMC3831618 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394291-3.00031-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Several nucleoside antibiotics from various actinomycetes contain a high-carbon sugar nucleoside that is putatively derived via C-5'-modification of the canonical nucleoside. Two prominent examples are the 5'-C-carbamoyluridine- and 5'-C-glycyluridine-containing nucleosides, both families of which were discovered using screens aimed at finding inhibitors of bacterial translocase I involved in the assembly of the bacterial peptidoglycan cell wall. A shared open reading frame was identified whose gene product is similar to enzymes of the nonheme, Fe(II)-, and α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases. The enzyme LipL from the biosynthetic pathway for A-90289, a 5'-C-glycyluridine-containing nucleoside, was functionally characterized as an UMP:α-ketoglutarate dioxygenase, providing the enzymatic imperative for the generation of a nucleoside-5'-aldehdye that serves as a downstream substrate for an aldol or aldol-type reaction leading to the high-carbon sugar scaffold. The functional assignment of LipL and the homologous enzymes-including bioinformatic analysis, iron detection and quantification, and assay development for biochemical characterization-is presented herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Ministry of Health, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jason Unrine
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Koichi Nonaka
- Biopharmaceutical Research Group I, Biopharmaceutical Technology Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Technology Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 2716-1, Kurakake, Akaiwa, Chiyoda-machi, Ohra-gun, Gunma 370-0503, Japan
| | - Steven G. Van Lanen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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27
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Kirst HA. Recent derivatives from smaller classes of fermentation-derived antibacterials. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2011; 22:15-35. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2012.642370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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28
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Pickens LB, Sawaya MR, Rasool H, Pashkov I, Yeates TO, Tang Y. Structural and biochemical characterization of the salicylyl-acyltranferase SsfX3 from a tetracycline biosynthetic pathway. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:41539-41551. [PMID: 21965680 PMCID: PMC3308865 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.299859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
SsfX3 is a GDSL family acyltransferase that transfers salicylate to the C-4 hydroxyl of a tetracycline intermediate in the penultimate step during biosynthesis of the anticancer natural product SF2575. The C-4 salicylate takes the place of the more common C-4 dimethylamine functionality, making SsfX3 the first acyltransferase identified to act on a tetracycline substrate. The crystal structure of SsfX3 was determined at 2.5 Å, revealing two distinct domains as follows: an N-terminal β-sandwich domain that resembles a carbohydrate-binding module, and a C-terminal catalytic domain that contains the atypical α/β-hydrolase fold found in the GDSL hydrolase family of enzymes. The active site lies at one end of a large open binding pocket, which is spatially defined by structural elements from both the N- and C-terminal domains. Mutational analysis in the putative substrate binding pocket identified residues from both domains that are important for binding the acyl donor and acceptor. Furthermore, removal of the N-terminal carbohydrate-binding module-like domain rendered the stand-alone α/β-hydrolase domain inactive. The additional noncatalytic module is therefore proposed to be required to define the binding pocket and provide sufficient interactions with the spatially extended tetracyclic substrate. SsfX3 was also demonstrated to accept a variety of non-native acyl groups. This relaxed substrate specificity toward the acyl donor allowed the chemoenzymatic biosynthesis of C-4-modified analogs of the immediate precursor to the bioactive SF2575; these were used to assay the structure activity relationships at the C-4 position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren B Pickens
- Departments of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Michael R Sawaya
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Los Angeles, California 90095; Department of Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Huma Rasool
- Departments of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Inna Pashkov
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Todd O Yeates
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Los Angeles, California 90095; Department of Molecular Biology Institute, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Yi Tang
- Departments of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Los Angeles, California 90095; Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Los Angeles, California 90095; Department of Molecular Biology Institute, Los Angeles, California 90095.
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29
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Romo AJ, Liu HW. Mechanisms and structures of vitamin B(6)-dependent enzymes involved in deoxy sugar biosynthesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2011; 1814:1534-47. [PMID: 21315852 PMCID: PMC3115481 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Revised: 01/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PLP is well-regarded for its role as a coenzyme in a number of diverse enzymatic reactions. Transamination, deoxygenation, and aldol reactions mediated by PLP-dependent enzymes enliven and enrich deoxy sugar biosynthesis, endowing these compounds with unique structures and contributing to their roles as determinants of biological activity in many natural products. The importance of deoxy aminosugars in natural product biosynthesis has spurred several recent structural investigations of sugar aminotransferases. The structure of a PMP-dependent enzyme catalyzing the C-3 deoxygenation reaction in the biosynthesis of ascarylose was also determined. These studies, and the crystal structures they have provided, offer a wealth of new insights regarding the enzymology of PLP/PMP-dependent enzymes in deoxy sugar biosynthesis. In this review, we consider these recent achievements in the structural biology of deoxy sugar biosynthetic enzymes and the important implications they hold for understanding enzyme catalysis and natural product biosynthesis in general. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Pyridoxal Phosphate Enzymology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Romo
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Hung-wen Liu
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
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30
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Walsh CT, Zhang W. Chemical logic and enzymatic machinery for biological assembly of peptidyl nucleoside antibiotics. ACS Chem Biol 2011; 6:1000-7. [PMID: 21851099 DOI: 10.1021/cb200284p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Peptidyl nucleoside antibiotics are a group of natural products targeting MraY, a bacterial translocase involved in the lipid-linked cycle in peptidoglycan biosynthesis. In this Perspective, we explore how Nature builds complex peptidyl nucleoside antibiotics scaffolds from simple nucleoside and amino acid building blocks. We discuss the current stage of research on biosynthetic pathways for peptidyl nucleoside antibiotics, primarily focusing on chemical logic and enzymatic machinery for uridine transformation and coupling to peptides. We further survey the nonribosomal biosynthetic paradigm for a subgroup of uridyl peptide antibiotics represented by pacidamycins, concluded by diversification opportunities for antibiotic optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T. Walsh
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Chi X, Pahari P, Nonaka K, Van Lanen SG. Biosynthetic origin and mechanism of formation of the aminoribosyl moiety of peptidyl nucleoside antibiotics. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:14452-9. [PMID: 21819104 PMCID: PMC3174061 DOI: 10.1021/ja206304k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Several peptidyl nucleoside antibiotics that inhibit bacterial translocase I involved in peptidoglycan cell wall biosynthesis contain an aminoribosyl moiety, an unusual sugar appendage in natural products. We present here the delineation of the biosynthetic pathway for this moiety upon in vitro characterization of four enzymes (LipM-P) that are functionally assigned as (i) LipO, an L-methionine:uridine-5'-aldehyde aminotransferase; (ii) LipP, a 5'-amino-5'-deoxyuridine phosphorylase; (iii) LipM, a UTP:5-amino-5-deoxy-α-D-ribose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase; and (iv) LipN, a 5-amino-5-deoxyribosyltransferase. The cumulative results reveal a unique ribosylation pathway that is highlighted by, among other features, uridine-5'-monophosphate as the source of the sugar, a phosphorylase strategy to generate a sugar-1-phosphate, and a primary amine-requiring nucleotidylyltransferase that generates the NDP-sugar donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuling Chi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Pallab Pahari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Koichi Nonaka
- Biopharmaceutical Research Group I, Biopharmaceutical Technology Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Technology Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 389-4 Aza-ohtsurugi, Shimokawa, Izumi-machi, Iwaki-shi, Fukushima 971-8183, Japan
| | - Steven G. Van Lanen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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Siebenberg S, Kaysser L, Wemakor E, Heide L, Gust B, Kammerer B. Identification and structural elucidation of new caprazamycins from Streptomyces sp. MK730-62F2 by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2011; 25:495-502. [PMID: 21259358 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The development of reliable analytic methods, capable of separating mixtures of secondary metabolites as well as providing structural information, is essential for the investigation of secondary metabolites, e.g. from Streptomyces. Here we report a liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) method using a triple quadrupole mass analyzer for the structural elucidation of caprazamycins and liposidomycins from culture extracts of the wild-type producer strains. Comparison of the fragmentation patterns in positive as well as in negative ionization mode revealed several characteristic product ions used for identification of six new caprazamycins. Furthermore, a chromatographic method for the purification of nucleosides from cell cultures using a boronic acid gel was adapted for the partial purification of the culture extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Siebenberg
- Pharmazeutisches Institut, Eberhard Karls-Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Yang Z, Chi X, Funabashi M, Baba S, Nonaka K, Pahari P, Unrine J, Jacobsen JM, Elliott GI, Rohr J, Van Lanen SG. Characterization of LipL as a non-heme, Fe(II)-dependent α-ketoglutarate:UMP dioxygenase that generates uridine-5'-aldehyde during A-90289 biosynthesis. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:7885-7892. [PMID: 21216959 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.203562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fe(II)- and α-ketoglutarate (α-KG)-dependent dioxygenases are a large and diverse superfamily of mononuclear, non-heme enzymes that perform a variety of oxidative transformations typically coupling oxidative decarboxylation of α-KG with hydroxylation of a prime substrate. The biosynthetic gene clusters for several nucleoside antibiotics that contain a modified uridine component, including the lipopeptidyl nucleoside A-90289 from Streptomyces sp. SANK 60405, have recently been reported, revealing a shared open reading frame with sequence similarity to proteins annotated as α-KG:taurine dioxygenases (TauD), a well characterized member of this dioxygenase superfamily. We now provide in vitro data to support the functional assignment of LipL, the putative TauD enzyme from the A-90289 gene cluster, as a non-heme, Fe(II)-dependent α-KG:UMP dioxygenase that produces uridine-5'-aldehyde to initiate the biosynthesis of the modified uridine component of A-90289. The activity of LipL is shown to be dependent on Fe(II), α-KG, and O(2), stimulated by ascorbic acid, and inhibited by several divalent metals. In the absence of the prime substrate UMP, LipL is able to catalyze oxidative decarboxylation of α-KG, although at a significantly reduced rate. The steady-state kinetic parameters using optimized conditions were determined to be K(m)(α-KG) = 7.5 μM, K(m)(UMP) = 14 μM, and k(cat) ≈ 80 min(-1). The discovery of this new activity not only sets the stage to explore the mechanism of LipL and related dioxygenases further but also has critical implications for delineating the biosynthetic pathway of several related nucleoside antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyong Yang
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| | - Xiuling Chi
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| | - Masanori Funabashi
- Biopharmaceutical Research Group I, Biopharmaceutical Technology Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Technology Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 389-4, Aza-ohtsurugi, Shimokawa, Izumi-machi, Iwaki-shi, Fukushima 971-8183, Japan, and
| | - Satoshi Baba
- Biopharmaceutical Research Group I, Biopharmaceutical Technology Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Technology Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 389-4, Aza-ohtsurugi, Shimokawa, Izumi-machi, Iwaki-shi, Fukushima 971-8183, Japan, and
| | - Koichi Nonaka
- Biopharmaceutical Research Group I, Biopharmaceutical Technology Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Technology Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 389-4, Aza-ohtsurugi, Shimokawa, Izumi-machi, Iwaki-shi, Fukushima 971-8183, Japan, and
| | - Pallab Pahari
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| | - Jason Unrine
- the Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| | - Jesse M Jacobsen
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| | - Gregory I Elliott
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| | - Jürgen Rohr
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| | - Steven G Van Lanen
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536,.
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Cheng L, Chen W, Zhai L, Xu D, Huang T, Lin S, Zhou X, Deng Z. Identification of the genecluster involved in muraymycin biosynthesis from Streptomyces sp. NRRL 30471. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 7:920-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c0mb00237b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ichikawa S, Tanino T, Ii K, Matsuda A. Development of Antibacterial Agents Active against Drug-resistant Bacterial Pathogens Based on Total Synthesis of Nucleoside Natural Products. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2011. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.69.1020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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36
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Kaysser L, Tang X, Wemakor E, Sedding K, Hennig S, Siebenberg S, Gust B. Identification of a Napsamycin Biosynthesis Gene Cluster by Genome Mining. Chembiochem 2010; 12:477-87. [PMID: 21290549 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201000460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Kaysser
- Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Pharmazeutische Biologie, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Chen W, Qu D, Zhai L, Tao M, Wang Y, Lin S, Price NPJ, Deng Z. Characterization of the tunicamycin gene cluster unveiling unique steps involved in its biosynthesis. Protein Cell 2010; 1:1093-105. [PMID: 21153459 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-010-0127-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tunicamycin, a potent reversible translocase I inhibitor, is produced by several Actinomycetes species. The tunicamycin structure is highly unusual, and contains an 11-carbon dialdose sugar and an α, β-1″,11'-glycosidic linkage. Here we report the identification of a gene cluster essential for tunicamycin biosynthesis by high-throughput heterologous expression (HHE) strategy combined with a bioassay. Introduction of the genes into heterologous non-producing Streptomyces hosts results in production of tunicamycin by these strains, demonstrating the role of the genes for the biosynthesis of tunicamycins. Gene disruption experiments coupled with bioinformatic analysis revealed that the tunicamycin gene cluster is minimally composed of 12 genes (tunA-tunL). Amongst these is a putative radical SAM enzyme (Tun B) with a potentially unique role in biosynthetic carbon-carbon bond formation. Hence, a seven-step novel pathway is proposed for tunicamycin biosynthesis. Moreover, two gene clusters for the potential biosynthesis of tunicamycin-like antibiotics were also identified in Streptomyces clavuligerus ATCC 27064 and Actinosynnema mirums DSM 43827. These data provide clarification of the novel mechanisms for tunicamycin biosynthesis, and for the generation of new-designer tunicamycin analogs with selective/enhanced bioactivity via combinatorial biosynthesis strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Chen
- Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
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Identification of the biosynthetic gene cluster for the pacidamycin group of peptidyl nucleoside antibiotics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:16828-33. [PMID: 20826445 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1011557107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Pacidamycins are a family of uridyl tetra/pentapeptide antibiotics that act on the translocase MraY to block bacterial cell wall assembly. To elucidate the biosynthetic logic of pacidamcyins, a putative gene cluster was identified by 454 shotgun genome sequencing of the producer Streptomyces coeruleorubidus NRRL 18370. The 31-kb gene cluster encodes 22 proteins (PacA-V), including highly dissociated nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) modules and a variety of tailoring enzymes. Gene deletions confirmed that two NRPSs, PacP and PacO, are required for the biosynthesis of pacidamycins. Heterologous expression and in vitro assays of PacL, PacO, and PacP established reversible formation of m-Tyr-AMP, l-Ala-AMP, and diaminopropionyl-AMP, respectively, consistent with the amino acids found in pacidamycin scaffolds. The unusual Ala(4)-Phe(5) dipeptidyl ureido linkage was formed during in vitro assays containing purified PacL, PacJ, PacN, and PacO. Both the genetic and enzymatic studies validate identification of the biosynthetic genes for this subclass of uridyl peptide antibiotics and provide the basis for future mechanistic study of their biosynthesis.
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39
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Flinspach K, Westrich L, Kaysser L, Siebenberg S, Gomez-Escribano JP, Bibb M, Gust B, Heide L. Heterologous expression of the biosynthetic gene clusters of coumermycin A1, clorobiocin and caprazamycins in genetically modified Streptomyces coelicolor strains. Biopolymers 2010; 93:823-32. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.21493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ii K, Ichikawa S, Al-Dabbagh B, Bouhss A, Matsuda A. Function-oriented synthesis of simplified caprazamycins: discovery of oxazolidine-containing uridine derivatives as antibacterial agents against drug-resistant bacteria. J Med Chem 2010; 53:3793-813. [PMID: 20405928 DOI: 10.1021/jm100243n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The rational simplification of the caprazamycin (CPZ) class of nucleoside natural products was carried out to address their molecular complexity. First, analogues 6-8, where the diazepanone ring of the CPZ was removed and a lipophilic side chain was attached to either the C-7' or N(6') atom, were used to investigate the conformation-activity relationship. On the basis of this relationship, we designed the oxazolidine-containing uridine derivatives 18-21 by restricting the conformation of 6-8. As a result, the (t)Bu ester derivatives 20 were found to be the most active against a range of bacterial strains containing VRE with a potency similar to that of the parent CPZs. This study provides a novel strategy for the development of a new type of antibacterial agent effective against drug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Ii
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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Formation and attachment of the deoxysugar moiety and assembly of the gene cluster for caprazamycin biosynthesis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:4008-18. [PMID: 20418426 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02740-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Caprazamycins are antimycobacterials produced by Streptomyces sp. MK730-62F2. Previously, cosmid cpzLK09 was shown to direct the biosynthesis of caprazamycin aglycones, but not of intact caprazamycins. Sequence analysis of cpzLK09 identified 23 genes involved in the formation of the caprazamycin aglycones and the transfer and methylation of the sugar moiety, together with genes for resistance, transport, and regulation. In this study, coexpression of cpzLK09 in Streptomyces coelicolor M512 with pRHAM, containing all the required genes for dTDP-l-rhamnose biosynthesis, led to the production of intact caprazamycins. In vitro studies showed that Cpz31 is responsible for the attachment of the l-rhamnose to the caprazamycin aglycones, generating a rare acylated deoxyhexose. An l-rhamnose gene cluster was identified elsewhere on the Streptomyces sp. MK730-62F2 genome, and its involvement in caprazamycin formation was demonstrated by insertional inactivation of cpzDIII. The l-rhamnose subcluster was assembled with cpzLK09 using Red/ET-mediated recombination. Heterologous expression of the resulting cosmid, cpzEW07, led to the production of caprazamycins, demonstrating that both sets of genes are required for caprazamycin biosynthesis. Knockouts of cpzDI and cpzDV in the l-rhamnose subcluster confirmed that four genes, cpzDII, cpzDIII, cpzDIV, and cpzDVI, are sufficient for the biosynthesis of the deoxysugar moiety. The presented recombineering strategy may provide a useful tool for the assembly of biosynthetic building blocks for heterologous production of microbial compounds.
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Kaysser L, Eitel K, Tanino T, Siebenberg S, Matsuda A, Ichikawa S, Gust B. A new arylsulfate sulfotransferase involved in liponucleoside antibiotic biosynthesis in streptomycetes. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:12684-94. [PMID: 20157116 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.094490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfotransferases are involved in a variety of physiological processes and typically use 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) as the sulfate donor substrate. In contrast, microbial arylsulfate sulfotransferases (ASSTs) are PAPS-independent and utilize arylsulfates as sulfate donors. Yet, their genuine acceptor substrates are unknown. In this study we demonstrate that Cpz4 from Streptomyces sp. MK730-62F2 is an ASST-type sulfotransferase responsible for the formation of sulfated liponucleoside antibiotics. Gene deletion mutants showed that cpz4 is required for the production of sulfated caprazamycin derivatives. Cloning, overproduction, and purification of Cpz4 resulted in a 58-kDa soluble protein. The enzyme catalyzed the transfer of a sulfate group from p-nitrophenol sulfate (K(m) 48.1 microM, k(cat) 0.14 s(-1)) and methyl umbelliferone sulfate (K(m) 34.5 microM, k(cat) 0.15 s(-1)) onto phenol (K(m) 25.9 and 29.7 mM, respectively). The Cpz4 reaction proceeds by a ping pong bi-bi mechanism. Several structural analogs of intermediates of the caprazamycin biosynthetic pathway were synthesized and tested as substrates of Cpz4. Des-N-methyl-acyl-caprazol was converted with highest efficiency 100 times faster than phenol. The fatty acyl side chain and the uridyl moiety seem to be important for substrate recognition by Cpz4. Liponucleosides, partially purified from various mutant strains, were readily sulfated by Cpz4 using p-nitrophenol sulfate. No product formation could be observed with PAPS as the donor substrate. Sequence homology of Cpz4 to the previously examined ASSTs is low. However, numerous orthologs are encoded in microbial genomes and represent interesting subjects for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Kaysser
- Pharmazeutische Biologie, Pharmazeutisches Institut, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Wyszynski FJ, Hesketh AR, Bibb MJ, Davis BG. Dissecting tunicamycin biosynthesis by genome mining: cloning and heterologous expression of a minimal gene cluster. Chem Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0sc00325e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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