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Bahadori S, Archambault MJ, Sebastiao M, Bourgault S, Giguère D. Convergent Synthesis of a Group B Streptococcus Type III Epitope Toward a Semisynthetic Carbohydrate-Based Vaccine. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 39033407 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we synthesized an hexasaccharide derived from the capsular polysaccharide of group B Streptococcus type III capsular polysaccharide. Our convergent 3 + 3 strategy avoided the use of benzyl protecting groups allowing the installation of an azide anchoring group and providing a high yield for the final deprotection steps. Moreover, the minimal hexasaccharidic epitope was conjugated to CRM197 and BSA via copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition for the preparation of a semisynthetic carbohydrate-based vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Bahadori
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, 1045 Av. de la Médecine, Québec City, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
- Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering and Applications, PROTEO, Montreal, Quebec H2X 3Y7, Canada
| | - Marie-Jeanne Archambault
- Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering and Applications, PROTEO, Montreal, Quebec H2X 3Y7, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Mathew Sebastiao
- Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering and Applications, PROTEO, Montreal, Quebec H2X 3Y7, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Steve Bourgault
- Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering and Applications, PROTEO, Montreal, Quebec H2X 3Y7, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Denis Giguère
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, 1045 Av. de la Médecine, Québec City, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
- Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering and Applications, PROTEO, Montreal, Quebec H2X 3Y7, Canada
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2
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Freitas R, Peixoto A, Ferreira E, Miranda A, Santos LL, Ferreira JA. Immunomodulatory glycomedicine: Introducing next generation cancer glycovaccines. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 65:108144. [PMID: 37028466 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Cancer remains a leading cause of death worldwide due to the lack of safer and more effective therapies. Cancer vaccines developed from neoantigens are an emerging strategy to promote protective and therapeutic anti-cancer immune responses. Advances in glycomics and glycoproteomics have unveiled several cancer-specific glycosignatures, holding tremendous potential to foster effective cancer glycovaccines. However, the immunosuppressive nature of tumours poses a major obstacle to vaccine-based immunotherapy. Chemical modification of tumour associated glycans, conjugation with immunogenic carriers and administration in combination with potent immune adjuvants constitute emerging strategies to address this bottleneck. Moreover, novel vaccine vehicles have been optimized to enhance immune responses against otherwise poorly immunogenic cancer epitopes. Nanovehicles have shown increased affinity for antigen presenting cells (APCs) in lymph nodes and tumours, while reducing treatment toxicity. Designs exploiting glycans recognized by APCs have further enhanced the delivery of antigenic payloads, improving glycovaccine's capacity to elicit innate and acquired immune responses. These solutions show potential to reduce tumour burden, while generating immunological memory. Building on this rationale, we provide a comprehensive overview on emerging cancer glycovaccines, emphasizing the potential of nanotechnology in this context. A roadmap towards clinical implementation is also delivered foreseeing advances in glycan-based immunomodulatory cancer medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Freitas
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.ccc), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute - University of Porto (ICBAS), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Peixoto
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.ccc), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Ferreira
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Miranda
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute - University of Porto (ICBAS), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lúcio Lara Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.ccc), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute - University of Porto (ICBAS), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Health School of University Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal; GlycoMatters Biotech, 4500-162 Espinho, Portugal; Department of Surgical Oncology, Portuguese Oncology Institute (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - José Alexandre Ferreira
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.ccc), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; GlycoMatters Biotech, 4500-162 Espinho, Portugal.
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3
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Burns K, Dorfmueller HC, Wren BW, Mawas F, Shaw HA. Progress towards a glycoconjugate vaccine against Group A Streptococcus. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:48. [PMID: 36977677 PMCID: PMC10043865 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00639-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The Group A Carbohydrate (GAC) is a defining feature of Group A Streptococcus (Strep A) or Streptococcus pyogenes. It is a conserved and simple polysaccharide, comprising a rhamnose backbone and GlcNAc side chains, further decorated with glycerol phosphate on approximately 40% GlcNAc residues. Its conservation, surface exposure and antigenicity have made it an interesting focus on Strep A vaccine design. Glycoconjugates containing this conserved carbohydrate should be a key approach towards the successful mission to build a universal Strep A vaccine candidate. In this review, a brief introduction to GAC, the main carbohydrate component of Strep A bacteria, and a variety of published carrier proteins and conjugation technologies are discussed. Components and technologies should be chosen carefully for building affordable Strep A vaccine candidates, particularly for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Towards this, novel technologies are discussed, such as the prospective use of bioconjugation with PglB for rhamnose polymer conjugation and generalised modules for membrane antigens (GMMA), particularly as low-cost solutions to vaccine production. Rational design of "double-hit" conjugates encompassing species specific glycan and protein components would be beneficial and production of a conserved vaccine to target Strep A colonisation without invoking an autoimmune response would be ideal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keira Burns
- Vaccine Division, Scientific Research & Innovation Group, MHRA, Potters Bar, UK
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Helge C Dorfmueller
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Dow Street, Dundee, UK
| | - Brendan W Wren
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Fatme Mawas
- Vaccine Division, Scientific Research & Innovation Group, MHRA, Potters Bar, UK
| | - Helen A Shaw
- Vaccine Division, Scientific Research & Innovation Group, MHRA, Potters Bar, UK.
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4
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Pitirollo O, Di Benedetto R, Henriques P, Gasperini G, Mancini F, Carducci M, Massai L, Rossi O, Volbeda AG, Codée JDC, Berlanda Scorza F, Moriel DG, Necchi F, Lay L, Adamo R, Micoli F. Elucidating the role of N-acetylglucosamine in Group A Carbohydrate for the development of an effective glycoconjugate vaccine against Group A Streptococcus. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 311:120736. [PMID: 37028871 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Group A Carbohydrate (GAC), conjugated to an appropriate carrier protein, has been proposed as an attractive vaccine candidate against Group A Streptococcus infections. Native GAC consists of a polyrhamnose (polyRha) backbone with N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) at every second rhamnose residue. Both native GAC and the polyRha backbone have been proposed as vaccine components. Here, chemical synthesis and glycoengineering were used to generate a panel of different length GAC and polyrhamnose fragments. Biochemical analyses were performed confirming that the epitope motif of GAC is composed of GlcNAc in the context of the polyrhamnose backbone. Conjugates from GAC isolated and purified from a bacterial strain and polyRha genetically expressed in E. coli and with similar molecular size to GAC were compared in different animal models. The GAC conjugate elicited higher anti-GAC IgG levels with stronger binding capacity to Group A Streptococcus strains than the polyRha one, both in mice and in rabbits. This work contributes to the development of a vaccine against Group A Streptococcus suggesting GAC as preferable saccharide antigen to include in the vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olimpia Pitirollo
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy; Department of Chemistry and CRC Materiali Polimerici (LaMPo), University of Milan, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Roberta Di Benedetto
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | | | - Gianmarco Gasperini
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Francesca Mancini
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Martina Carducci
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Luisa Massai
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Omar Rossi
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Anne Geert Volbeda
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen D C Codée
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Danilo Gomes Moriel
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Francesca Necchi
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Luigi Lay
- Department of Chemistry and CRC Materiali Polimerici (LaMPo), University of Milan, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Francesca Micoli
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy.
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5
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Cross reacting material (CRM197) as a carrier protein for carbohydrate conjugate vaccines targeted at bacterial and fungal pathogens. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 218:775-798. [PMID: 35872318 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This paper gives an overview of conjugate glycovaccines which contain recombinant diphtheria toxoid CRM197 as a carrier protein. A special focus is given to synthetic methods used for preparation of neoglycoconjugates of CRM197 with oligosaccharide epitopes of cell surface carbohydrates of pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Syntheses of commercial vaccines and laboratory specimen on the basis of CRM197 are outlined briefly.
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6
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Del Bino L, Østerlid KE, Wu DY, Nonne F, Romano MR, Codée J, Adamo R. Synthetic Glycans to Improve Current Glycoconjugate Vaccines and Fight Antimicrobial Resistance. Chem Rev 2022; 122:15672-15716. [PMID: 35608633 PMCID: PMC9614730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is emerging as the next potential pandemic. Different microorganisms, including the bacteria Acinetobacter baumannii, Clostridioides difficile, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, non-typhoidal Salmonella, and Staphylococcus aureus, and the fungus Candida auris, have been identified by the WHO and CDC as urgent or serious AMR threats. Others, such as group A and B Streptococci, are classified as concerning threats. Glycoconjugate vaccines have been demonstrated to be an efficacious and cost-effective measure to combat infections against Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and, more recently, Salmonella typhi. Recent times have seen enormous progress in methodologies for the assembly of complex glycans and glycoconjugates, with developments in synthetic, chemoenzymatic, and glycoengineering methodologies. This review analyzes the advancement of glycoconjugate vaccines based on synthetic carbohydrates to improve existing vaccines and identify novel candidates to combat AMR. Through this literature survey we built an overview of structure-immunogenicity relationships from available data and identify gaps and areas for further research to better exploit the peculiar role of carbohydrates as vaccine targets and create the next generation of synthetic carbohydrate-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kitt Emilie Østerlid
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dung-Yeh Wu
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jeroen Codée
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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7
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Boll LB, Raines RT. Context‐dependence of the Reactivity of Cysteine and Lysine Residues. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200258. [PMID: 35527228 PMCID: PMC9308718 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The S‐alkylation of Cys residues with a maleimide and the Nϵ‐acylation of Lys residues with an N‐hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ester are common methods for bioconjugation. Using Cys and Lys derivatives as proxies, we assessed differences in reactivity depending on the position of Cys or Lys in a protein sequence. We find that Cys position is exploitable to improve site‐selectivity in maleimide‐based modifications. Reactivity decreases substantially in the order N‐terminal>in‐chain>C‐terminal Cys due to modulation of sulfhydryl pKa by the α‐ammonium and carboxylate groups at the termini. A lower pKa value yields a larger fraction thiolate, which promotes selectivity while somewhat decreasing thiolate nucleophilicity in accord with βnuc
=0.41. Lowering pH and salt concentration enhances selectivity still further. In contrast, differences in the reactivity of Lys towards an NHS ester were modest due to an appreciable decrease in amino group nucleophilicity with a lower pKa of its conjugate acid. Hence, site‐selective Lys modification protocols will require electrophiles other than NHS esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linus B. Boll
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Chemistry 77 Massachusetts Avenue 02139 Cambridge UNITED STATES
| | - Ronald T. Raines
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Chemistry 77 Massachusetts Avenue, 18-498 02139-4307 Cambridge UNITED STATES
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8
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Carboni F, Kitowski A, Sorieul C, Veggi D, Marques MC, Oldrini D, Balducci E, Brogioni B, Del Bino L, Corrado A, Angiolini F, Dello Iacono L, Margarit I, Romano MR, Bernardes GJL, Adamo R. Retaining the structural integrity of disulfide bonds in diphtheria toxoid carrier protein is crucial for the effectiveness of glycoconjugate vaccine candidates. Chem Sci 2022; 13:2440-2449. [PMID: 35310500 PMCID: PMC8864718 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01928g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of glycoconjugate vaccines marks an important point in the fight against various infectious diseases. The covalent conjugation of relevant polysaccharide antigens to immunogenic carrier proteins enables the induction of a long-lasting and robust IgG antibody response, which is not observed for pure polysaccharide vaccines. Although there has been remarkable progress in the development of glycoconjugate vaccines, many crucial parameters remain poorly understood. In particular, the influence of the conjugation site and strategy on the immunogenic properties of the final glycoconjugate vaccine is the focus of intense research. Here, we present a comparison of two cysteine selective conjugation strategies, elucidating the impact of both modifications on the structural integrity of the carrier protein, as well as on the immunogenic properties of the resulting glycoconjugate vaccine candidates. Our work suggests that conjugation chemistries impairing structurally relevant elements of the protein carrier, such as disulfide bonds, can have a dramatic effect on protein immunogenicity. The introduction of glycoconjugate vaccines marks an important point in the fight against various infectious diseases.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annabel Kitowski
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | | | - Marta C. Marques
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gonçalo J. L. Bernardes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
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9
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Precise protein conjugation technology for the construction of homogenous glycovaccines. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2021; 38:69-75. [PMID: 34895642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of vaccines for the treatment and prevention of bacterial or viral diseases in the early 19th century marked a crucial turning point in medical history. Since then, extensive immunization campaigns have eradicated smallpox and drastically reduced the number of diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and measles cases worldwide. Although a broad selection of vaccines is available, there remains a need to develop additional vaccine candidates against a range of dangerous infectious diseases, preferably based on precise syntheses that lead to homogenous formulations. Different strategies for the construction of this type of vaccine candidates are being pursued. Glycoconjugate vaccines are successful in the fight against bacterial and viral infectious diseases. However, their exact mechanism of action remains largely unknown and the large-scale production of chemically defined constructs is challenging. In particular, the conjugation of the carbohydrate antigen to the protein carrier has proved to be crucial for the properties of these vaccines. This review highlights some of the latest findings and developments in the construction of glycoconjugate vaccines by means of site-specific chemical reactions.
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10
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Khatuntseva EA, Nifantiev NE. Glycoconjugate Vaccines for Prevention of Haemophilus influenzae Type b Diseases. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021; 47:26-52. [PMID: 33776394 PMCID: PMC7980804 DOI: 10.1134/s1068162021010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the experience in laboratory- and industrial-scale syntheses of glycoconjugate vaccines used for prevention of infectious diseases caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b bacteria based on the linear capsular polysaccharide poly-3-β-D-ribosyl-(1→1)-D-ribitol-5-phosphate (PRP) or related synthetic oligosaccharide ligands. The methods for preparation of related oligosaccharide derivatives and results of the studies evaluating effect of their length on immunogenic properties of the conjugates with protein carriers are overviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Khatuntseva
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - N E Nifantiev
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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11
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Molecular modeling provides insights into the loading of sialic acid-containing antigens onto CRM 197: the role of chain flexibility in conjugation efficiency and glycoconjugate architecture. Glycoconj J 2021; 38:411-419. [PMID: 33721150 PMCID: PMC7957279 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-021-09991-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination is the most cost-effective way to control disease caused by encapsulated bacteria; the capsular polysaccharide (CPS) is the primary virulence factor and vaccine target. Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) serogroups B, C, Y and W all contain sialic acid, a common surface feature of human pathogens. Two protein-based vaccines against serogroup B infection are available for human use while four tetravalent conjugate vaccines including serogroups C, W and Y have been licensed. The tetravalent Menveo® conjugate vaccine is well-defined: a simple monomeric structure of oligosaccharides terminally conjugated to amino groups of the carrier protein CRM197. However, not only is there a surprisingly low limit for antigen chain attachment to CRM197, but different serogroup saccharides have consistently different CRM197 loading, the reasons for which are unclear. Understanding this phenomenon is important for the long-term goal of controlling conjugation to prepare conjugate vaccines of optimal immunogenicity. Here we use molecular modeling to explore whether antigen flexibility can explain the varying antigen loading of the conjugates. Because flexibility is difficult to separate from other structural factors, we focus on sialic-acid containing CPS present in current glycoconjugate vaccines: serogroups NmC, NmW and NmY. Our simulations reveal a correlation between Nm antigen flexibility (NmW > NmC > NmY) and the number of chains attached to CRM197, suggesting that increased flexibility enables accommodation of additional chains on the protein surface. Further, in silico models of the glycoconjugates confirm the relatively large hydrodynamic size of the saccharide chains and indicate steric constraints to further conjugation.
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12
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Nuriev R, Galvidis I, Burkin M. Immunochemical characteristics of Streptococcus pneumoniae type 3 capsular polysaccharide glycoconjugate constructs correlate with its immunogenicity in mice model. Vaccine 2020; 38:8292-8301. [PMID: 33213929 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A panel of derivatives were prepared from Streptococcus pneumoniae polysaccharide type 3 (Ps3) modified with adipic acid dihydrazide (ADH). The degree of coupling between Ps3-adh derivatives and diphtheria (DTd) or tetanus (TTd) toxoids was varied by ADH linker loading. A series of Ps3 derivatives and the resultant glycoconjugates (GC) were tested for their immunochemical activity in an ELISA. Antigenic properties of components in GCs were estimated by interaction with serotype-specific and toxin-neutralizing antibodies to confirm the preservation of native protective epitopes both of Ps3 and DTd. After immunization of mice, a correlation was established between immunochemical activity and immunogenicity of these GCs. A correlation model developed for Ps3-DTd conjugates allowed to predict the immunogenicity of similar design Ps3-TTd conjugates based on ELISA testing data. The plausibility of this prediction was confirmed by the test immunization of mice with Ps3-TTds. The proposed immunochemical approach to the assessment and control of native structural and functional antigenic elements in GCs is important for the optimization of vaccine design and is an adequate alternative to extensive physicochemical characterization for assessing immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinat Nuriev
- I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, 105064 Russia; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - Inna Galvidis
- I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, 105064 Russia
| | - Maksim Burkin
- I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, 105064 Russia.
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13
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Pitirollo O, Micoli F, Necchi F, Mancini F, Carducci M, Adamo R, Evangelisti C, Morelli L, Polito L, Lay L. Gold nanoparticles morphology does not affect the multivalent presentation and antibody recognition of Group A Streptococcus synthetic oligorhamnans. Bioorg Chem 2020; 99:103815. [PMID: 32289587 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel delivery systems capable of enhancing the antibody binding affinity and immunoactivity of short length saccharide antigens is at the forefront of modern medicine. In this regard, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) raised great interest as promising nano-vaccine platform, as they do not interfere with the desired immune response and their surface can be easily functionalized, enabling the antigen multivalent presentation. In addition, the nanoparticles morphology can have a great impact on their biological properties. Gram-positive Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is a bacterium responsible for many infections and represents a priority healthcare concern, but a universal vaccine is still unavailable. Since all the GAS strains have a cell wall characterized by a common polyrhamnose backbone, this can be employed as alternative antigen to develop an anti-GAS vaccine. Herein, we present the synthesis of two oligorhamnoside fragments and their corresponding oligorhamnoside-AuNPs, designed with two different morphologies. By competitive ELISA we assessed that both symmetric and anisotropic oligorhamnan nanoparticles inhibit the binding of specific polyclonal serum much better than the unconjugated oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olimpia Pitirollo
- Department of Chemistry and CRC Materiali Polimerici (LaMPo), University of Milan, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy; GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Micoli
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Necchi
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Mancini
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Martina Carducci
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Evangelisti
- National Council of the Research, CNR-ICCOM, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 20124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Morelli
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Saldini 50, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Polito
- National Council of the Research, CNR-SCITEC, Via G. Fantoli 16/15, 20138 Milan, Italy.
| | - Luigi Lay
- Department of Chemistry and CRC Materiali Polimerici (LaMPo), University of Milan, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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14
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Sharma VK, Sharma I, Glick J. The expanding role of mass spectrometry in the field of vaccine development. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2020; 39:83-104. [PMID: 29852530 PMCID: PMC7027533 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Biological mass spectrometry has evolved as a core analytical technology in the last decade mainly because of its unparalleled ability to perform qualitative as well as quantitative profiling of enormously complex biological samples with high mass accuracy, sensitivity, selectivity and specificity. Mass spectrometry-based techniques are also routinely used to assess glycosylation and other post-translational modifications, disulfide bond linkage, and scrambling as well as for the detection of host cell protein contaminants in the field of biopharmaceuticals. The role of mass spectrometry in vaccine development has been very limited but is now expanding as the landscape of global vaccine development is shifting towards the development of recombinant vaccines. In this review, the role of mass spectrometry in vaccine development is presented, some of the ongoing efforts to develop vaccines for diseases with global unmet medical need are discussed and the regulatory challenges of implementing mass spectrometry techniques in a quality control laboratory setting are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ity Sharma
- Independent CMC ConsultantParamusNew Jersey
| | - James Glick
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchEast HanoverNew Jersey
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15
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Malik A, Steinbeis F, Carillo MA, Seeberger PH, Lepenies B, Varón Silva D. Immunological Evaluation of Synthetic Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Glycoconjugates as Vaccine Candidates against Malaria. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:171-178. [PMID: 31573796 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPIs) are complex glycolipids present on the surfaces of Plasmodium parasites that may act as toxins during the progression of malaria. GPIs can activate the immune system during infection and induce the formation of anti-GPI antibodies that neutralize their activity. Therefore, an antitoxic vaccine based on GPI glycoconjugates may prevent malaria pathogenesis. To evaluate the role of three key modifications on Plasmodium GPI glycan in the activity of these glycolipids, we synthesized and investigated six structurally distinct GPI fragments from Plasmodium falciparum. The synthetic glycans were conjugated to the CRM197 carrier protein and were tested for immunogenicity and efficacy as antimalarial vaccine candidates in an experimental cerebral malaria model using C57BL/6JRj mice. Protection may be dependent on both the antibody and the cellular immune response to GPIs, and the elicited immune response depends on the orientation of the glycan, the number of mannoses in the structure, and the presence of the phosphoethanolamine and inositol units. This study provides insights into the epitopes in GPIs and contributes to the development of GPI-based antitoxin vaccine candidates against cerebral malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Malik
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Fridolin Steinbeis
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Maria Antonietta Carillo
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Lepenies
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Immunology Unit & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Daniel Varón Silva
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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16
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Pillot A, Defontaine A, Fateh A, Lambert A, Prasanna M, Fanuel M, Pipelier M, Csaba N, Violo T, Camberlein E, Grandjean C. Site-Specific Conjugation for Fully Controlled Glycoconjugate Vaccine Preparation. Front Chem 2019; 7:726. [PMID: 31737603 PMCID: PMC6839274 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoconjugate vaccines are formed by covalently link a carbohydrate antigen to a carrier protein whose role is to achieve a long lasting immune response directed against the carbohydrate antigen. The nature of the sugar antigen, its length, its ratio per carrier protein and the conjugation chemistry impact on both structure and the immune response of a glycoconjugate vaccine. In addition it has long been assumed that the sites at which the carbohydrate antigen is attached can also have an impact. These important issue can now be addressed owing to the development of novel chemoselective ligation reactions as well as techniques such as site-selective mutagenesis, glycoengineering, or extension of the genetic code. The preparation and characterization of homogeneous bivalent pneumococcal vaccines is reported. The preparation and characterization of homogeneous bivalent pneumococcal vaccines is reported. A synthetic tetrasaccharide representative of the serotype 14 capsular polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae has been linked using the thiol/maleimide coupling chemistry to four different Pneumococcal surface adhesin A (PsaA) mutants, each harboring a single cysteine mutation at a defined position. Humoral response of these 1 to 1 carbohydrate antigen/PsaA conjugates have been assessed in mice. Our results showed that the carbohydrate antigen-PsaA connectivity impacts the anti-carrier response and raise questions about the design of glycoconjugate vaccine whereby the protein plays the dual role of immunogen and carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Pillot
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Unité Fonctionnalité et Ingénierie des Protéines (UFIP), UMR 6286, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité: Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation (CEISAM), UMR 6230, Nantes, France
| | - Alain Defontaine
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Unité Fonctionnalité et Ingénierie des Protéines (UFIP), UMR 6286, Nantes, France
| | - Amina Fateh
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Unité Fonctionnalité et Ingénierie des Protéines (UFIP), UMR 6286, Nantes, France
| | - Annie Lambert
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Unité Fonctionnalité et Ingénierie des Protéines (UFIP), UMR 6286, Nantes, France
| | - Maruthi Prasanna
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Unité Fonctionnalité et Ingénierie des Protéines (UFIP), UMR 6286, Nantes, France
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), School of Pharamacy, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mathieu Fanuel
- Unité Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages Plate-Forme BIBS, INRA, Nantes, France
| | - Muriel Pipelier
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité: Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation (CEISAM), UMR 6230, Nantes, France
| | - Noemi Csaba
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), School of Pharamacy, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Typhaine Violo
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Unité Fonctionnalité et Ingénierie des Protéines (UFIP), UMR 6286, Nantes, France
| | - Emilie Camberlein
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Unité Fonctionnalité et Ingénierie des Protéines (UFIP), UMR 6286, Nantes, France
| | - Cyrille Grandjean
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Unité Fonctionnalité et Ingénierie des Protéines (UFIP), UMR 6286, Nantes, France
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17
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Berti F, Adamo R. Antimicrobial glycoconjugate vaccines: an overview of classic and modern approaches for protein modification. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:9015-9025. [PMID: 30277489 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00495a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glycoconjugate vaccines obtained by chemical linkage of a carbohydrate antigen to a protein are part of routine vaccinations in many countries. Licensed antimicrobial glycan-protein conjugate vaccines are obtained by random conjugation of native or sized polysaccharides to lysine, aspartic or glutamic amino acid residues that are generally abundantly exposed on the protein surface. In the last few years, the structural approaches for the definition of the polysaccharide portion (epitope) responsible for the immunological activity has shown potential to aid a deeper understanding of the mode of action of glycoconjugates and to lead to the rational design of more efficacious and safer vaccines. The combination of technologies to obtain more defined carbohydrate antigens of higher purity and novel approaches for protein modification has a fundamental role. In particular, methods for site selective glycoconjugation like chemical or enzymatic modification of specific amino acid residues, incorporation of unnatural amino acids and glycoengineering, are rapidly evolving. Here we discuss the state of the art of protein engineering with carbohydrates to obtain glycococonjugates vaccines and future perspectives.
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18
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Jaffe J, Wucherer K, Sperry J, Zou Q, Chang Q, Massa MA, Bhattacharya K, Kumar S, Caparon M, Stead D, Wright P, Dirksen A, Francis MB. Effects of Conformational Changes in Peptide–CRM197 Conjugate Vaccines. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 30:47-53. [PMID: 30475601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jake Jaffe
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kristin Wucherer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Justin Sperry
- Pfizer, Inc., BioTherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, United States
| | - Qin Zou
- Pfizer, Inc., BioTherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, United States
| | - Qing Chang
- Pfizer, Inc., BioTherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, United States
| | - Mark A. Massa
- Pfizer, Inc., BioTherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, United States
| | - Keshab Bhattacharya
- Pfizer, Inc., BioTherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, United States
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Pfizer, Inc., BioTherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, United States
| | - Maire Caparon
- Pfizer, Inc., BioTherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, United States
| | - David Stead
- Pfizer, Inc., Vaccines R&D, 10646 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Paul Wright
- Pfizer, Inc., Vaccines R&D, 10646 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Anouk Dirksen
- Pfizer, Inc., BioTherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, United States
| | - Matthew B. Francis
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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19
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2013-2014. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2018; 37:353-491. [PMID: 29687922 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This review is the eighth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2014. Topics covered in the first part of the review include general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation, and arrays. The second part of the review is devoted to applications to various structural types such as oligo- and poly- saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides, and biopharmaceuticals. Much of this material is presented in tabular form. The third part of the review covers medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions, and applications to chemical synthesis. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 37:353-491, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
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20
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Micoli F, Adamo R, Costantino P. Protein Carriers for Glycoconjugate Vaccines: History, Selection Criteria, Characterization and New Trends. Molecules 2018; 23:E1451. [PMID: 29914046 PMCID: PMC6100388 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently licensed glycoconjugate vaccines are composed of a carbohydrate moiety covalently linked to a protein carrier. Polysaccharides are T-cell independent antigens able to directly stimulate B cells to produce antibodies. Disease burden caused by polysaccharide-encapsulated bacteria is highest in the first year of life, where plain polysaccharides are not generally immunogenic, limiting their use as vaccines. This limitation has been overcome by covalent coupling carbohydrate antigens to proteins that provide T cell epitopes. In addition to the protein carriers currently used in licensed glycoconjugate vaccines, there is a search for new protein carriers driven by several considerations: (i) concerns that pre-exposure or co-exposure to a given carrier can lead to immune interference and reduction of the anti-carbohydrate immune response; (ii) increasing interest to explore the dual role of proteins as carrier and protective antigen; and (iii) new ways to present carbohydrates antigens to the immune system. Protein carriers can be directly coupled to activated glycans or derivatized to introduce functional groups for subsequent conjugation. Proteins can be genetically modified to pre-determine the site of glycans attachment by insertion of unnatural amino acids bearing specific functional groups, or glycosylation consensus sequences for in vivo expression of the glycoconjugate. A large portion of the new protein carriers under investigation are recombinant ones, but more complex systems such as Outer Membrane Vesicles and other nanoparticles are being investigated. Selection criteria for new protein carriers are based on several aspects including safety, manufacturability, stability, reactivity toward conjugation, and preclinical evidence of immunogenicity of corresponding glycoconjugates. Characterization panels of protein carriers include tests before conjugation, after derivatization when applicable, and after conjugation. Glycoconjugate vaccines based on non-covalent association of carrier systems to carbohydrates are being investigated with promising results in animal models. The ability of these systems to convert T-independent carbohydrate antigens into T-dependent ones, in comparison to traditional glycoconjugates, needs to be assessed in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Micoli
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), 53100 Siena, Italy.
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21
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De Benedetto G, Salvini L, Gotta S, Cescutti P, Micoli F. Investigation on Sugar–Protein Connectivity in Salmonella O-Antigen Glycoconjugate Vaccines. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:1736-1747. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi De Benedetto
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH) S.r.l., via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Ed. C11, via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Laura Salvini
- Fondazione Toscana Life Sciences, via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Stefano Gotta
- GSK Vaccines S.r.l., via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Paola Cescutti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Ed. C11, via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesca Micoli
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH) S.r.l., via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
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22
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Peng CJ, Chen HL, Chiu CH, Fang JM. Site-Selective Functionalization of Flagellin by Steric Self-Protection: A Strategy To Facilitate Flagellin as a Self-Adjuvanting Carrier in Conjugate Vaccine. Chembiochem 2018; 19:805-814. [PMID: 29377518 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Flagellin (FliC) can act as a carrier protein in the preparation of conjugate vaccines to elicit a T-cell-dependent immune response and as an intrinsic adjuvant to activate the toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) to enhance vaccine potency. To enable the use of FliC as a self-adjuvanting carrier, an effective method for site-selective modification (SSM) of pertinent amino-acid residues in the D2 and D3 domains of FliC is explored without excessive modification of the D0 and D1 domains, which are responsible for activating and binding with TLR5. In highly concentrated Na2 SO4 solution, FliC monomers form flagellar filaments, in which the D0 and D1 domains are situated inside the tubular structure. Thus, the lysine residues (K219, K224, K324, and K331) in the D2 and D3 domains of flagellin are selectively modified by a diazo-transfer reaction with imidazole-1-sulfonyl azide. The sites with azido modification are confirmed by MALDI-TOF-MS, ESI-TOF-MS, and LC-MS/MS analyses along with label-free quantitation. The azido-modified filament dissolves to give FliC monomers, which can conjugate with alkyne-hinged saccharides by the click reaction. Transmission electron microscopy imaging, dynamic light scattering measurements, and the secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase reporter assay indicate that the modified FliC monomers retain the ability either to bind with TLR5 or to reassemble into filaments. Overall, this study establishes a feasible method for the SSM of FliC by steric self-protection of the D0 and D1 domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Jiun Peng
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Ling Chen
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5, Fuxing Street, Guishan District, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsun Chiu
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5, Fuxing Street, Guishan District, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, 5, Fuxing Street, Guishan District, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Jim-Min Fang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
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23
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Ma Z, Zhang H, Wang PG, Liu XW, Chen M. Peptide adjacent to glycosylation sites impacts immunogenicity of glycoconjugate vaccine. Oncotarget 2018; 9:75-82. [PMID: 29416597 PMCID: PMC5787506 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoconjugate vaccine is composed of polysaccharides (PSs) covalently linked with carrier protein. Glycosylation site selection, as a significant factor leading to heterogeneities of glycoconjugate structure, draws more and more attentions for its impact on the immunogenicity of glycoconjugate vaccine. To elucidate the relationship between glycosylation connectivity and immunogenicity of glycoconjugate vaccine, in this study, anti-E. coli O157:H7 glycoconjugate O-PS-MBP with defined connectivity, and three selected peptide segments GS1, GS2, GS3 derived from O-PS-MBP was synthesized. Immunogenicity results showed that only peptides adjacent to the glycosylation sites (GS1 and GS2) promoted the generation of PS-specific IgG antibodies and contributed to PS-specific IgG subclass distribution. Furthermore, GS1 and GS2 had significant priming effect for eliciting PS-specific IgG antibodies. These results indicated that different locations of glycosylation sites could lead to diverse presentation of peptides and glycopeptides to APCs and influence the immunogenicity of glycoconjugate vaccine, which extend the current understanding of mechanism for adaptive immune system activation by glycoconjugate vaccine, and have implications for rational glycoconjugate vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongrui Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, National Glycoengineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Huajie Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, National Glycoengineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Peng George Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, National Glycoengineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Xian-Wei Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, National Glycoengineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Min Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, National Glycoengineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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24
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Hennessey JP, Costantino P, Talaga P, Beurret M, Ravenscroft N, Alderson MR, Zablackis E, Prasad AK, Frasch C. Lessons Learned and Future Challenges in the Design and Manufacture of Glycoconjugate Vaccines. CARBOHYDRATE-BASED VACCINES: FROM CONCEPT TO CLINIC 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2018-1290.ch013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Philippe Talaga
- Department of Analytical Research and Development, Sanofi Pasteur, Marcy l’Etoile 69280, France
| | - Michel Beurret
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V., Leiden, 2301 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Neil Ravenscroft
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | | | - Earl Zablackis
- Analytical Process Technology, Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, Pennsylvania 18370, United States
| | - A. Krishna Prasad
- Pfizer Vaccines Research and Development, Pearl River, New York 10965, United States
| | - Carl Frasch
- Consultant, Martinsburg, West Virginia 25402, United States
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25
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Interplay of Carbohydrate and Carrier in Antibacterial Glycoconjugate Vaccines. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 175:355-378. [PMID: 30143807 DOI: 10.1007/10_2018_71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infections are a serious health concern and are responsible for millions of illnesses and deaths each year in communities around the world. Vaccination is an important public health measure for reducing and eliminating this burden, and regions with comprehensive vaccination programs have achieved significant reductions in infection and mortality. This is often accomplished by immunization with bacteria-derived carbohydrates, typically in conjunction with other biomolecules, which induce immunological memory and durable protection against bacterial human pathogens. For many species, however, vaccines are currently unavailable or have suboptimal efficacy characterized by short-lived memory and incomplete protection, especially among at-risk populations. To address this challenge, new tools and techniques have emerged for engineering carbohydrates and conjugating them to carrier molecules in a tractable and scalable manner. Collectively, these approaches are yielding carbohydrate-based vaccine designs with increased immunogenicity and protective efficacy, thereby opening up new opportunities for this important class of antigens. In this chapter we detail the current understanding of how carbohydrates interact with the immune system to provide immunity; how glycoengineering, especially in the context of glycoconjugate vaccines, can be used to modify and enhance immune responses; and current trends and strategies being pursued for the rational design of next-generation glycosylated antibacterial vaccines. Graphical Abstract.
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26
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Giuntini S, Balducci E, Cerofolini L, Ravera E, Fragai M, Berti F, Luchinat C. Characterization of the Conjugation Pattern in Large Polysaccharide-Protein Conjugates by NMR Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:14997-15001. [PMID: 29024352 PMCID: PMC5813213 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201709274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-based vaccines are among the safest and most effective vaccines and represent potent tools for prevention of life-threatening bacterial infectious diseases, like meningitis and pneumonia. The chemical conjugation of a weak antigen to protein as a source of T-cell epitopes generates a glycoconjugate vaccine that results more immunogenic. Several methods have been used so far to characterize the resulting polysaccharide-protein conjugates. However, a reduced number of methodologies has been proposed for measuring the degree of saccharide conjugation at the possible protein sites. Here we show that detailed information on large proteins conjugated with large polysaccharides can be achieved by a combination of solution and solid-state NMR spectroscopy. As a test case, a large protein assembly, l-asparaginase II, has been conjugated with Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C capsular polysaccharide and the pattern and degree of conjugation were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Giuntini
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of FlorenceVia della Lastruccia 350019Sesto FiorentinoItaly
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM)University of Florence and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP)Via L. Sacconi 650019Sesto FiorentinoItaly
| | - Evita Balducci
- GSK VaccinesPreclinical R&DVia Fiorentina 153100SienaItaly
| | - Linda Cerofolini
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM)University of Florence and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP)Via L. Sacconi 650019Sesto FiorentinoItaly
| | - Enrico Ravera
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of FlorenceVia della Lastruccia 350019Sesto FiorentinoItaly
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM)University of Florence and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP)Via L. Sacconi 650019Sesto FiorentinoItaly
| | - Marco Fragai
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of FlorenceVia della Lastruccia 350019Sesto FiorentinoItaly
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM)University of Florence and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP)Via L. Sacconi 650019Sesto FiorentinoItaly
| | | | - Claudio Luchinat
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of FlorenceVia della Lastruccia 350019Sesto FiorentinoItaly
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM)University of Florence and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP)Via L. Sacconi 650019Sesto FiorentinoItaly
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27
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Pantophlet R, Trattnig N, Murrell S, Lu N, Chau D, Rempel C, Wilson IA, Kosma P. Bacterially derived synthetic mimetics of mammalian oligomannose prime antibody responses that neutralize HIV infectivity. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1601. [PMID: 29150603 PMCID: PMC5693931 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01640-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligomannose-type glycans are among the major targets on the gp120 component of the HIV envelope protein (Env) for broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). However, attempts to elicit oligomannose-specific nAbs by immunizing with natural or synthetic oligomannose have so far not been successful, possibly due to B cell tolerance checkpoints. Here we design and synthesize oligomannose mimetics, based on the unique chemical structure of a recently identified bacterial lipooligosaccharide, to appear foreign to the immune system. One of these mimetics is bound avidly by members of a family of oligomannose-specific bnAbs and their putative common germline precursor when presented as a glycoconjugate. The crystal structure of one of the mimetics bound to a member of this bnAb family confirms the antigenic resemblance. Lastly, immunization of human-antibody transgenic animals with a lead mimetic evokes nAbs with specificities approaching those of existing bnAbs. These results provide evidence for utilizing antigenic mimicry to elicit oligomannose-specific bnAbs to HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Pantophlet
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada, V5A1S6. .,Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada, V5A1S6. .,SFU Interdisciplinary Research Centre for HIV, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada, V5A1S6.
| | - Nino Trattnig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, A-1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sasha Murrell
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Naiomi Lu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada, V5A1S6
| | - Dennis Chau
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada, V5A1S6
| | - Caitlin Rempel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada, V5A1S6
| | - Ian A Wilson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA. .,Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA. .,IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA. .,Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Paul Kosma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, A-1190, Vienna, Austria.
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28
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Giuntini S, Balducci E, Cerofolini L, Ravera E, Fragai M, Berti F, Luchinat C. Characterization of the Conjugation Pattern in Large Polysaccharide-Protein Conjugates by NMR Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201709274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Giuntini
- Department of Chemistry; University of Florence; Via della Lastruccia 3 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM); University of Florence and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP); Via L. Sacconi 6 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Evita Balducci
- GSK Vaccines; Preclinical R&D; Via Fiorentina 1 53100 Siena Italy
| | - Linda Cerofolini
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM); University of Florence and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP); Via L. Sacconi 6 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Enrico Ravera
- Department of Chemistry; University of Florence; Via della Lastruccia 3 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM); University of Florence and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP); Via L. Sacconi 6 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Marco Fragai
- Department of Chemistry; University of Florence; Via della Lastruccia 3 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM); University of Florence and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP); Via L. Sacconi 6 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Francesco Berti
- GSK Vaccines; Preclinical R&D; Via Fiorentina 1 53100 Siena Italy
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- Department of Chemistry; University of Florence; Via della Lastruccia 3 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM); University of Florence and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP); Via L. Sacconi 6 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
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29
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Abstract
Since 2004, when the first synthetic glycoconjugate vaccine against the pneumonia and meningitis causing bacterium Haemophilus influenza type b (Hib) approved for human use in Cuba was reported, 34 million doses of the synthetic vaccine have been already distributed in several countries under the commercial name of Quimi-Hib. However, despite the success of this product, no other synthetic glycoconjugate vaccine has been licensed in the following 13 years. As well as avoiding the need to handle pathogens, synthetic glycoconjugates offer clear advantages in terms of product characterization and the possibility to understand the parameters influencing immunogenicity. Nevertheless, large scale application of synthetic sugars has been perceived as challenging because of manufacturing costs and process complexity compared to natural polysaccharides. Chemoenzymatic approaches, one-pot protocols, and automated solid-phase synthesis are rendering carbohydrate production considerably more attractive for industrialization. Here we identify three areas where chemical approaches can advance this progress: (i) chemical or enzymatic methods enabling the delivery of the minimal polysaccharide portion responsible for an effective immune response; (ii) site-selective chemical or enzymatic conjugation strategies for the exploration of the conjugation point in immune responses against carbohydrate-based vaccines, and the consistent preparation of more homogeneous products; (iii) multicomponent constructs targeting receptors responsible for immune response modulation in order to control its quality and magnitude. We discuss how synthesis of bacterial oligosaccharides is useful toward understanding the polysaccharide portion responsible for immunogenicity, and for developing robust and consistent alternatives to natural heterogeneous polysaccharides. The synthesis of sugar analogues can lead to the identification of hydrolytically more stable versions of oligosaccharide antigens. The study of bacterial polysaccharide biosynthesis aids the development of in vitro hazard-free oligosaccharide production. Novel site-selective conjugation methods contribute toward deciphering the role of conjugation sites in the immunogenicity of glycoconjugates and prove to be particularly useful when glycans are conjugated to protein serving as carrier and antigen. The orthogonal incorporation of two different carbohydrate haptens enables the reduction of vaccine components. Finally, coordinated conjugation of glycans and small molecule immunopotentiators supports simplification of vaccine formulation and localization of adjuvant. Synergistic advancement of these areas, combined with competitive manufacturing processes, will contribute to a better understanding of the features guiding the immunological activity of glycoconjugates and, ultimately, to the design of improved, safer vaccines.
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Meng X, Ji C, Su C, Shen D, Li Y, Dong P, Yuan D, Yang M, Bai S, Meng D, Fan Z, Yang Y, Yu P, Zhu T. Synthesis and immunogenicity of PG-tb1 monovalent glycoconjugate. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 134:140-146. [PMID: 28411454 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A PG-tb1 hapten from the West Beijing strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall has been efficiently synthesized and conjugated to CRM197 in a simple way as linker-equipped carbohydrate by applying squaric acid chemistry for an original neoglycoprotein, creating a potent T-dependent conjugate vaccine. The intermediate monoester can be easily purified and the degree of incorporation can be monitored by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. After administered systemically in mice without any adjuvant, the conjugate induced high antigen-specific IgG levels in serum. Furthermore, following the third immunization, significant antibody titers frequently exceeding 0.8 million were observed in the sera of mice vaccinated with PG-CRM197 conjugate which showed the potential for preparation of TB vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Meng
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Sino-French Joint Lab of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Chuanming Ji
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Sino-French Joint Lab of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Chao Su
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Sino-French Joint Lab of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Di Shen
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Sino-French Joint Lab of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yaxin Li
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Sino-French Joint Lab of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Peijie Dong
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Sino-French Joint Lab of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Ding Yuan
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Sino-French Joint Lab of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Mengya Yang
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Sino-French Joint Lab of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Song Bai
- Affiliated Hospital of Logistic University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force (PAPF), Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Demei Meng
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Zhenchuan Fan
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yang Yang
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Sino-French Joint Lab of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Peng Yu
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Sino-French Joint Lab of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Tao Zhu
- CanSino Biologics Inc., Tianjin Enterprise Key Laboratory of Respiratory Bacterial Recombination and Conjugated Vaccine, Tianjin 300457, China.
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31
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Hu QY, Berti F, Adamo R. Towards the next generation of biomedicines by site-selective conjugation. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:1691-719. [PMID: 26796469 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00388h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bioconjugates represent an emerging class of medicines, which offer therapeutic opportunities overtaking those of the individual components. Many novel bioconjugates have been explored in order to address various emerging medical needs. The last decade has witnessed the exponential growth of new site-selective bioconjugation techniques, however very few methods have made the way into human clinical trials. Here we discuss various applications of site-selective conjugation in biomedicines, including half-life extension, antibody-drug conjugates, conjugate vaccines, bispecific antibodies and cell therapy. The review is intended to highlight both the progress and challenges, and identify a potential roadmap to address the gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Ying Hu
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research (NIBR), 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Francesco Berti
- GSK Vaccines (former Novartis Vaccines & Diagnostics), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Roberto Adamo
- GSK Vaccines (former Novartis Vaccines & Diagnostics), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy.
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32
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The adjuvant effect of TLR7 agonist conjugated to a meningococcal serogroup C glycoconjugate vaccine. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 107:110-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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33
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Challenges and opportunities of using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry methods to develop complex vaccine antigens as pharmaceutical dosage forms. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1032:23-38. [PMID: 27071526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Liquid chromatographic methods, combined with mass spectrometry, offer exciting and important opportunities to better characterize complex vaccine antigens including recombinant proteins, virus-like particles, inactivated viruses, polysaccharides, and protein-polysaccharide conjugates. The current abilities and limitations of these physicochemical methods to complement traditional in vitro and in vivo vaccine potency assays are explored in this review through the use of illustrative case studies. Various applications of these state-of-the art techniques are illustrated that include the analysis of influenza vaccines (inactivated whole virus and recombinant hemagglutinin), virus-like particle vaccines (human papillomavirus and hepatitis B), and polysaccharide linked to protein carrier vaccines (pneumococcal). Examples of utilizing these analytical methods to characterize vaccine antigens in the presence of adjuvants, which are often included to boost immune responses as part of the final vaccine dosage form, are also presented. Some of the challenges of using chromatographic and LC-MS as physicochemical assays to routinely test complex vaccine antigens are also discussed.
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34
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Möginger U, Resemann A, Martin CE, Parameswarappa S, Govindan S, Wamhoff EC, Broecker F, Suckau D, Pereira CL, Anish C, Seeberger PH, Kolarich D. Cross Reactive Material 197 glycoconjugate vaccines contain privileged conjugation sites. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20488. [PMID: 26841683 PMCID: PMC4740906 DOI: 10.1038/srep20488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Production of glycoconjugate vaccines involves the chemical conjugation of glycans to an immunogenic carrier protein such as Cross-Reactive-Material-197 (CRM197). Instead of using glycans from natural sources recent vaccine development has been focusing on the use of synthetically defined minimal epitopes. While the glycan is structurally defined, the attachment sites on the protein are not. Fully characterized conjugates and batch-to-batch comparisons are the key to eventually create completely defined conjugates. A variety of glycoconjugates consisting of CRM197 and synthetic oligosaccharide epitopes was characterised using mass spectrometry techniques. The primary structure was assessed by combining intact protein MALDI-TOF-MS, LC-MALDI-TOF-MS middle-down and LC-ESI-MS bottom-up approaches. The middle-down approach on CNBr cleaved glycopeptides provided almost complete sequence coverage, facilitating rapid batch-to-batch comparisons, resolving glycan loading and identification of side products. Regions close to the N- and C-termini were most efficiently conjugated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Möginger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Christopher E. Martin
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Sharavathi Parameswarappa
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Subramanian Govindan
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Eike-Christian Wamhoff
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Broecker
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Claney Lebev Pereira
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Chakkumkal Anish
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Kolarich
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
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35
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Tsvetkov YE, Khatuntseva EA, Yashunsky DV, Nifantiev NE. Synthetic β-(1→3)-d-glucooligosaccharides: model compounds for the mechanistic study of β-(1→3)-d-glucan bioactivities and design of antifungal vaccines. Russ Chem Bull 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-015-0969-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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36
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Recent advances in the molecular design of synthetic vaccines. Nat Chem 2015; 7:952-60. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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37
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Stefanetti G, Hu Q, Usera A, Robinson Z, Allan M, Singh A, Imase H, Cobb J, Zhai H, Quinn D, Lei M, Saul A, Adamo R, MacLennan CA, Micoli F. Sugar–Protein Connectivity Impacts on the Immunogenicity of Site‐Selective
Salmonella
O‐Antigen Glycoconjugate Vaccines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201506112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Stefanetti
- Sclavo Behring Vaccines Institute For Global Health S.r.l., A GSK Company, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena (Italy)
| | - Qi‐Ying Hu
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| | - Aimee Usera
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| | - Zack Robinson
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| | - Martin Allan
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| | - Alok Singh
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| | - Hidetomo Imase
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| | - Jennifer Cobb
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| | - Huili Zhai
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| | - Douglas Quinn
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| | - Ming Lei
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| | - Allan Saul
- Sclavo Behring Vaccines Institute For Global Health S.r.l., A GSK Company, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena (Italy)
| | | | - Calman A. MacLennan
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ (UK)
| | - Francesca Micoli
- Sclavo Behring Vaccines Institute For Global Health S.r.l., A GSK Company, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena (Italy)
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38
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Stefanetti G, Hu QY, Usera A, Robinson Z, Allan M, Singh A, Imase H, Cobb J, Zhai H, Quinn D, Lei M, Saul A, Adamo R, MacLennan CA, Micoli F. Sugar-Protein Connectivity Impacts on the Immunogenicity of Site-Selective Salmonella O-Antigen Glycoconjugate Vaccines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:13198-203. [PMID: 26350581 PMCID: PMC4648054 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201506112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A series of glycoconjugates with defined connectivity were synthesized to investigate the impact of coupling Salmonella typhimurium O-antigen to different amino acids of CRM197 protein carrier. In particular, two novel methods for site-selective glycan conjugation were developed to obtain conjugates with single attachment site on the protein, based on chemical modification of a disulfide bond and pH-controlled transglutaminase-catalyzed modification of lysine, respectively. Importantly, conjugation at the C186-201 bond resulted in significantly higher anti O-antigen bactericidal antibody titers than coupling to K37/39, and in comparable titers to conjugates bearing a larger number of saccharides. This study demonstrates that the conjugation site plays a role in determining the immunogenicity in mice and one single attachment point may be sufficient to induce high levels of bactericidal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Stefanetti
- Sclavo Behring Vaccines Institute For Global Health S.r.l., A GSK Company, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena (Italy)
| | - Qi-Ying Hu
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA).
| | - Aimee Usera
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| | - Zack Robinson
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| | - Martin Allan
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| | - Alok Singh
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| | - Hidetomo Imase
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| | - Jennifer Cobb
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| | - Huili Zhai
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| | - Douglas Quinn
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| | - Ming Lei
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| | - Allan Saul
- Sclavo Behring Vaccines Institute For Global Health S.r.l., A GSK Company, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena (Italy)
| | | | - Calman A MacLennan
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ (UK)
| | - Francesca Micoli
- Sclavo Behring Vaccines Institute For Global Health S.r.l., A GSK Company, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena (Italy).
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39
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Donadei A, Gallorini S, Berti F, O’Hagan DT, Adamo R, Baudner BC. Rational Design of Adjuvant for Skin Delivery: Conjugation of Synthetic β-Glucan Dectin-1 Agonist to Protein Antigen. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:1662-72. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Donadei
- Vaccine Chemistry & Formulation, Novartis Vaccines & Diagnostics, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Simona Gallorini
- Vaccine Chemistry & Formulation, Novartis Vaccines & Diagnostics, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Francesco Berti
- Vaccine Chemistry & Formulation, Novartis Vaccines & Diagnostics, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Derek T. O’Hagan
- Vaccine Chemistry & Formulation, Novartis Vaccines & Diagnostics, 350 Massacchusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massacchusetts 02319, United States
| | - Roberto Adamo
- Vaccine Chemistry & Formulation, Novartis Vaccines & Diagnostics, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Barbara C. Baudner
- Vaccine Chemistry & Formulation, Novartis Vaccines & Diagnostics, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
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40
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Boutureira
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili , C/Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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41
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Zhang J, Men Y, Lv S, Yi L, Chen JF. Protein tetrazinylation via diazonium coupling for covalent and catalyst-free bioconjugation. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:11422-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02053k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This work reports an efficient reagent 1 for direct and covalent introduction of tetrazines onto the surface of proteins and viruses under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Yuwen Men
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Shanshan Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Long Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
| | - Jian-Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
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Nilo A, Allan M, Brogioni B, Proietti D, Cattaneo V, Crotti S, Sokup S, Zhai H, Margarit I, Berti F, Hu QY, Adamo R. Tyrosine-directed conjugation of large glycans to proteins via copper-free click chemistry. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:2105-11. [PMID: 25415860 DOI: 10.1021/bc500438h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated that the insertion of alkyne-containing bifunctional linkers into the tyrosine residues of the carrier protein, followed by the copper mediated azide-alkyne [3 + 2] cycloaddition of carbohydrates, is a robust approach for the preparation of glycoconjugates with defined glycans, carrier, and connectivity. Conjugation of Group B Streptococcus (GBS) capsular polysaccharides to streptococcal pilus protein could extend the vaccine coverage to a variety of strains. Application of our protocol to these large charged polysaccharides occurred at low yields. Herein we developed a tyrosine-directed conjugation approach based on the copper-free click chemistry of sugars modified with cyclooctynes, which enables efficient condensation of synthetic carbohydrates. Most importantly, this strategy was demonstrated to be more effective than the corresponding copper catalyzed reaction for the insertion of GBS onto the tyrosine residues of GBS pilus proteins, previously selected as vaccine antigens through the so-called reverse vaccinology. Integrity of protein epitopes in the modified proteins was ascertained by competitive ELISA, and conjugation of polysaccharide to protein was confirmed by SDS page electrophoresis and immunoblot assays. The amount of conjugated polysaccharide was estimated by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD). The described technology is particularly suitable for proteins used with the dual role of vaccine antigen and carrier for the carbohydrate haptens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Nilo
- Novartis Vaccines & Diagnostics , Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
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43
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Zhang J, Ma D, Du D, Xi Z, Yi L. An efficient reagent for covalent introduction of alkynes into proteins. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:9528-31. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01873g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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44
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Investigating the immunodominance of carbohydrate antigens in a bivalent unimolecular glycoconjugate vaccine against serogroup A and C meningococcal disease. Glycoconj J 2014; 31:637-47. [PMID: 25256065 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-014-9559-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Multicomponent constructs, obtained by coupling different glycans to the carrier protein, have been proposed as a way to co-deliver multiple surface carbohydrates targeting different strains of one pathogen and reduce the number of biomolecules in the formulation of multivalent vaccines. To assess the feasibility of this approach for anti-microbial vaccines and investigate the potential immunodominance of one carbohydrate antigen over the others in these constructs, we designed a bivalent unimolecular vaccine against serogroup A (MenA) and C (MenC) meningococci, with the two different oligomers conjugated to same molecule of carrier protein (CRM197). The immune response elicited in mice by the bivalent MenAC construct was compared with the ones induced by the monovalent MenA and MenC vaccines and their combinations. After the second dose, the bivalent construct induced good levels of anti-MenA and anti-MenC antibodies with respect to the controls. However, the murine sera from the MenAC construct exhibited good anti-MenC bactericidal activity, and very low anti-MenA functionality when compared to the monovalent controls. This result was explained with the diverse relative avidities against MenA and MenC polysaccharides, which were measured in the generated sera. The immunodominant effect of the MenC antigen was fully overcome following the third immunization, when sera endowed with higher avidity and excellent bactericidal activity against both MenA and MenC expressing strains were elicited. Construction of multicomponent glycoconjugate vaccines against microbial pathogens is a feasible approach, but particular attention should be devoted to study and overcome possible occurrence of immune interference among the carbohydrates.
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45
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Adamo R, Hu QY, Torosantucci A, Crotti S, Brogioni G, Allan M, Chiani P, Bromuro C, Quinn D, Tontini M, Berti F. Deciphering the structure–immunogenicity relationship of anti-Candidaglycoconjugate vaccines. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4sc01361a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Elucidation of the molecular immunity of glycoconjugate vaccines has focused on the carbohydrate moiety, herein the effect of the corresponding conjugation sites is studied.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qi-Ying Hu
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research
- Cambridge, USA
| | - Antonella Torosantucci
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità
- 00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Martin Allan
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research
- Cambridge, USA
| | - Paola Chiani
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità
- 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Bromuro
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità
- 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Douglas Quinn
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research
- Cambridge, USA
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