1
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Tong J, Shu J, Wang Y, Qi Y, Wang Y. A bioactive sprite: Recent advances in the application of vinyl sulfones in drug design and organic synthesis. Life Sci 2024; 352:122904. [PMID: 38986895 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Vinyl sulfones, with their exceptional chemical properties, are known as the "chameleons" of organic synthesis and are widely used in the preparation of various sulfur-containing structures. However, their most alluring feature lies in their biological activity. The vinyl sulfone skeleton is ubiquitous in natural products and drug molecules and boasts a unique molecular structure and drug activity when compared to conventional drug molecules. As a result, vinyl sulfones have been extensively studied, playing a critical role in organic synthesis and pharmaceutical chemistry. In this review, we present a comprehensive analysis of the recent applications of vinyl sulfone structures in drug design, biology, and chemical synthesis. Furthermore, we explore the prospects of vinyl sulfones in diverse fields, offering insight into their potential future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Tong
- Hubei province Key Laboratory of Science in Metallurgical Process, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Jiong Shu
- Hubei province Key Laboratory of Science in Metallurgical Process, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- Hubei province Key Laboratory of Science in Metallurgical Process, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China.
| | - Yajuan Qi
- Hubei province Key Laboratory of Science in Metallurgical Process, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Yumei Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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2
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Breidenbach J, Voget R, Si Y, Hingst A, Claff T, Sylvester K, Wolf V, Krasniqi V, Useini A, Sträter N, Ogura Y, Kawaguchi A, Müller CE, Gütschow M. Macrocyclic Azapeptide Nitriles: Structure-Based Discovery of Potent SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibitors as Antiviral Drugs. J Med Chem 2024; 67:8757-8790. [PMID: 38753594 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Given the crucial role of the main protease (Mpro) in the replication cycle of SARS-CoV-2, this viral cysteine protease constitutes a high-profile drug target. We investigated peptidomimetic azapeptide nitriles as auspicious, irreversibly acting inhibitors of Mpro. Our systematic approach combined an Mpro active-site scanning by combinatorially assembled azanitriles with structure-based design. Encouraged by the bioactive conformation of open-chain inhibitors, we conceptualized the novel chemotype of macrocyclic azanitriles whose binding mode was elucidated by cocrystallization. This strategy provided a favorable entropic contribution to target binding and resulted in the development of the extraordinarily potent Mpro inhibitor 84 with an IC50 value of 3.23 nM and a second-order rate constant of inactivation, kinac/Ki, of 448,000 M-1s-1. The open-chain Mpro inhibitor 58, along with the macrocyclic compounds 83 and 84, a broad-spectrum anticoronaviral agent, demonstrated the highest antiviral activity with EC50 values in the single-digit micromolar range. Our findings are expected to promote the future development of peptidomimetic Mpro inhibitors as anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Breidenbach
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Rabea Voget
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Yaoyao Si
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexandra Hingst
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Tobias Claff
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Sylvester
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Valentina Wolf
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Vesa Krasniqi
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Abibe Useini
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Norbert Sträter
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yukino Ogura
- Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, 305-8575 Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kawaguchi
- Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, 305-8575 Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Christa E Müller
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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3
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Flury P, Breidenbach J, Krüger N, Voget R, Schäkel L, Si Y, Krasniqi V, Calistri S, Olfert M, Sylvester K, Rocha C, Ditzinger R, Rasch A, Pöhlmann S, Kronenberger T, Poso A, Rox K, Laufer SA, Müller CE, Gütschow M, Pillaiyar T. Cathepsin-Targeting SARS-CoV-2 Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, and Biological Activity. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:493-514. [PMID: 38357286 PMCID: PMC10863444 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Cathepsins (Cats) are proteases that mediate the successful entry of SARS-CoV-2 into host cells. We designed and synthesized a tailored series of 21 peptidomimetics and evaluated their inhibitory activity against human cathepsins L, B, and S. Structural diversity was realized by combinations of different C-terminal warhead functions and N-terminal capping groups, while a central Leu-Phe fragment was maintained. Several compounds were identified as promising cathepsin L and S inhibitors with Ki values in the low nanomolar to subnanomolar range, for example, the peptide aldehydes 9a and 9b (9a, 2.67 nM, CatL; 0.455 nM, CatS; 9b, 1.76 nM, CatL; 0.512 nM, CatS). The compounds' inhibitory activity against the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 (Mpro) was additionally investigated. Based on the results at CatL, CatS, and Mpro, selected inhibitors were subjected to investigations of their antiviral activity in cell-based assays. In particular, the peptide nitrile 11e exhibited promising antiviral activity with an EC50 value of 38.4 nM in Calu-3 cells without showing cytotoxicity. High metabolic stability and favorable pharmacokinetic properties make 11e suitable for further preclinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Flury
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry and Tübingen
Center for Academic Drug Discovery, Eberhard
Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Julian Breidenbach
- PharmaCenter
Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, Bonn 53121, Germany
| | - Nadine Krüger
- Infection
Biology Unit, German Primate Center, Leibniz
Institute for Primate Research Göttingen, Kellnerweg 4, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Rabea Voget
- PharmaCenter
Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, Bonn 53121, Germany
| | - Laura Schäkel
- PharmaCenter
Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, Bonn 53121, Germany
| | - Yaoyao Si
- PharmaCenter
Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, Bonn 53121, Germany
| | - Vesa Krasniqi
- PharmaCenter
Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, Bonn 53121, Germany
| | - Sara Calistri
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry and Tübingen
Center for Academic Drug Discovery, Eberhard
Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Matthias Olfert
- Faculty
of Biology and Psychology, University Göttingen, Göttingen 37073, Germany
| | - Katharina Sylvester
- PharmaCenter
Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, Bonn 53121, Germany
| | - Cheila Rocha
- Infection
Biology Unit, German Primate Center, Leibniz
Institute for Primate Research Göttingen, Kellnerweg 4, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Raphael Ditzinger
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry and Tübingen
Center for Academic Drug Discovery, Eberhard
Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Alexander Rasch
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry and Tübingen
Center for Academic Drug Discovery, Eberhard
Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Stefan Pöhlmann
- Infection
Biology Unit, German Primate Center, Leibniz
Institute for Primate Research Göttingen, Kellnerweg 4, Göttingen 37077, Germany
- Faculty
of Biology and Psychology, University Göttingen, Göttingen 37073, Germany
| | - Thales Kronenberger
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry and Tübingen
Center for Academic Drug Discovery, Eberhard
Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- Faculty
of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland
- Excellence
Cluster “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections” (CMFI), Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Antti Poso
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry and Tübingen
Center for Academic Drug Discovery, Eberhard
Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- Faculty
of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Katharina Rox
- Department
of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for
Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig 38124, Germany
- Partner
Site Hannover-Braunschweig, German Center
for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig 38124, Germany
| | - Stefan A. Laufer
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry and Tübingen
Center for Academic Drug Discovery, Eberhard
Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Christa E. Müller
- PharmaCenter
Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, Bonn 53121, Germany
| | - Michael Gütschow
- PharmaCenter
Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, Bonn 53121, Germany
| | - Thanigaimalai Pillaiyar
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry and Tübingen
Center for Academic Drug Discovery, Eberhard
Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, Tübingen 72076, Germany
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4
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Pachón-Angona I, Bernard PJ, Simakov A, Maj M, Jozwiak K, Novotna A, Lemke C, Gütschow M, Martin H, Oset-Gasque MJ, Contelles JM, Ismaili L. Design and Synthesis of Multi-Functional Ligands through Hantzsch Reaction: Targeting Ca 2+ Channels, Activating Nrf2 and Possessing Cathepsin S Inhibitory, and Antioxidant Properties. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:121. [PMID: 38258131 PMCID: PMC10819521 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This work relates to the design and synthesis of a series of novel multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs), i.e., compounds 4a-l, via a convenient one-pot three-component Hantzsch reaction. This approach targeted calcium channel antagonism, antioxidant capacity, cathepsin S inhibition, and interference with Nrf2 transcriptional activation. Of these MTDLs, 4i emerged as a promising compound, demonstrating robust antioxidant activity, the ability to activate Nrf2-ARE pathways, as well as calcium channel blockade and cathepsin S inhibition. Dihydropyridine 4i represents the first example of an MTDL that combines these biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Pachón-Angona
- Université de Franche-Comté, UMR INSERM 1322 LINC, F-25000 Besançon, France; (I.P.-A.); (P.J.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Paul J. Bernard
- Université de Franche-Comté, UMR INSERM 1322 LINC, F-25000 Besançon, France; (I.P.-A.); (P.J.B.)
| | - Alexey Simakov
- Université de Franche-Comté, EFS, INSERM, UMR RIGHT, F-25000 Besançon, France; (A.S.); (H.M.)
| | - Maciej Maj
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, ul. W. Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.); (K.J.)
| | - Krzysztof Jozwiak
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, ul. W. Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.); (K.J.)
| | - Anna Novotna
- Pharmaceutical Institut, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany; (A.N.); (C.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Carina Lemke
- Pharmaceutical Institut, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany; (A.N.); (C.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical Institut, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany; (A.N.); (C.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Helene Martin
- Université de Franche-Comté, EFS, INSERM, UMR RIGHT, F-25000 Besançon, France; (A.S.); (H.M.)
| | - María-Jesús Oset-Gasque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José-Marco Contelles
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (IQOG, CSIC) C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), CIBER, ISCIII, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lhassane Ismaili
- Université de Franche-Comté, UMR INSERM 1322 LINC, F-25000 Besançon, France; (I.P.-A.); (P.J.B.)
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5
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Abdoli M, Krasniqi V, Bonardi A, Gütschow M, Supuran CT, Žalubovskis R. 4-Cyanamido-substituted benzenesulfonamides act as dual carbonic anhydrase and cathepsin inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2023; 139:106725. [PMID: 37442043 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
A set of novel N-cyano-N-substituted 4-aminobenzenesulfonamide derivatives were synthesized and investigated for their inhibitory activity against four cytosolic carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) isoforms (hCA I, II, VII and XIII) and two cathepsins (S and B). N-alkyl/benzyl-substituted derivatives were revealed to be very potent inhibitors against brain-associated hCA VII, but inactive against both cathepsins. On the other hand, N-acyl-substituted derivatives displayed significant inhibitory activities against cathepsin S, but only moderate to poor inhibitory potency against hCA VII. Both hCA VII and cathepsin S have recently been validated as therapeutic targets in neuropathic pain. This study provided an excellent starting point for further structural optimization of this class of bifunctional compounds to enhance their inhibitory activity and selectivity against hCA VII and cathepsin S and to achieve new compounds with an attractive dual mechanism of action as anti-neuropathic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Abdoli
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Vesa Krasniqi
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Alessandro Bonardi
- Neurofarba Department, Universita Degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Universita Degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy.
| | - Raivis Žalubovskis
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia; Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia.
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6
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Lemke C, Jílková A, Ferber D, Braune A, On A, Johe P, Zíková A, Schirmeister T, Mareš M, Horn M, Gütschow M. Two Tags in One Probe: Combining Fluorescence- and Biotin-based Detection of the Trypanosomal Cysteine Protease Rhodesain. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201636. [PMID: 35852812 PMCID: PMC9826439 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Rhodesain is the major cysteine protease of the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei and a therapeutic target for sleeping sickness, a fatal neglected tropical disease. We designed, synthesized and characterized a bimodal activity-based probe that binds to and inactivates rhodesain. This probe exhibited an irreversible mode of action and extraordinary potency for the target protease with a kinac /Ki value of 37,000 M-1 s-1 . Two reporter tags, a fluorescent coumarin moiety and a biotin affinity label, were incorporated into the probe and enabled highly sensitive detection of rhodesain in a complex proteome by in-gel fluorescence and on-blot chemiluminescence. Furthermore, the probe was employed for microseparation and quantification of rhodesain and for inhibitor screening using a competition assay. The developed bimodal rhodesain probe represents a new proteomic tool for studying Trypanosoma pathobiochemistry and antitrypanosomal drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Lemke
- Pharmaceutical InstituteDepartment of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany
| | - Adéla Jílková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryCzech Academy of SciencesFlemingovo n. 216610PragueCzech Republic
| | - Dominic Ferber
- Pharmaceutical InstituteDepartment of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany
| | - Annett Braune
- Research Group Intestinal MicrobiologyGerman Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-RehbrueckeArthur-Scheunert-Allee 114–11614558NuthetalGermany
| | - Anja On
- Pharmaceutical InstituteDepartment of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany
| | - Patrick Johe
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences (IPBS)Johannes Gutenberg University of MainzStaudingerweg 555128MainzGermany
| | - Alena Zíková
- Biology Centre CASInstitute of ParasitologyUniversity of South BohemiaFaculty of ScienceBranišovská 1160/3137005České BudějoviceCzech Republic
| | - Tanja Schirmeister
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences (IPBS)Johannes Gutenberg University of MainzStaudingerweg 555128MainzGermany
| | - Michael Mareš
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryCzech Academy of SciencesFlemingovo n. 216610PragueCzech Republic
| | - Martin Horn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryCzech Academy of SciencesFlemingovo n. 216610PragueCzech Republic
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical InstituteDepartment of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany
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7
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Chen R, Li S, Zhang J, Cao J, Wang KK, Meng T, Liu L. Copper-Catalyzed Regio- and Stereoselective Sulfonylation of Alkynyl Imines with Sulfonyl Hydrazides: Access to ( E)-β-Sulfonyl Enones. J Org Chem 2022; 87:13322-13330. [PMID: 36129682 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A copper-catalyzed sulfonylation of alkynyl imines with sulfonyl hydrazides has been developed, which exhibited excellent regio- and stereoselectivity and furnished a series of (E)-β-sulfonyl enones in moderate to good yields. Mechanistic studies suggest that this strategy goes through a radical process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongxiang Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang 453003, PR China
| | - Shaozhu Li
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang 453003, PR China
| | - Jinju Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang 453003, PR China
| | - Jing Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang 453003, PR China
| | - Kai-Kai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang 453003, PR China
| | - Tuanjie Meng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, PR China
| | - Lantao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, PR China
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8
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Elsinghorst PW, Wille T, Barić D, Mertens MD, Baumann M, Küppers J, Gütschow M. Aminoalkoxy-substituted coumarins: Synthesis and evaluation for reactivation of inhibited human acetylcholinesterase. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2200208. [PMID: 35876340 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Reactivation of inhibited acetylcholinesterase remains an important therapeutic strategy for the treatment of poisoning by organophosphorus compounds, such as nerve agents or pesticides. Although drugs like obidoxime or pralidoxime have been used with considerable success, there is a need for new substances capable of reactivating acetylcholinesterase with a broader scope and increased efficacy. Possible screening candidates must fulfill two fundamental requirements: They must (i) show an affinity to acetylcholinesterase well balanced between sufficient binding and competitive inhibition and (ii) facilitate the nucleophilic cleavage of the phosphorylated catalytic serine residue. We attached a variety of nonaromatic primary and secondary amines to a coumarin core through selected alkoxy side linkers attached at coumarin positions 6 or 7 to obtain a small set of possible reactivators. Evaluation of their inhibition and reactivation potential in vitro showed some activity with respect to acetylcholinesterase inhibited by cyclosarin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul W Elsinghorst
- Food Chemistry, Central Institute of the Bundeswehr Medical Service Munich, Garching, Germany.,Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Timo Wille
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, München, Germany
| | - Danijela Barić
- Group for Computational Life Sciences, Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Matthias D Mertens
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Madlen Baumann
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, München, Germany
| | - Jim Küppers
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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9
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Lemke C, Benýšek J, Brajtenbach D, Breuer C, Jílková A, Horn M, Buša M, Ulrychová L, Illies A, Kubatzky KF, Bartz U, Mareš M, Gütschow M. An Activity-Based Probe for Cathepsin K Imaging with Excellent Potency and Selectivity. J Med Chem 2021; 64:13793-13806. [PMID: 34473502 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The cysteine protease cathepsin K is a target for the treatment of diseases associated with high bone turnover. Cathepsin K is mainly expressed in osteoclasts and responsible for the destruction of the proteinaceous components of the bone matrix. We designed various fluorescent activity-based probes (ABPs) and their precursors that bind to and inactivate cathepsin K. ABP 25 exhibited extraordinary potency (kinac/Ki = 35,300 M-1s-1) and selectivity for human cathepsin K. Crystal structures of cathepsin K in complex with ABP 25 and its nonfluorescent precursor 21 were determined to characterize the binding mode of this new type of acrylamide-based Michael acceptor with the particular orientation of the dibenzylamine moiety to the primed subsite region. The cyanine-5 containing probe 25 allowed for sensitive detection of cathepsin K, selective visualization in complex proteomes, and live cell imaging of a human osteosarcoma cell line, underlining its applicability in a pathophysiological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Lemke
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, Bonn 53121, Germany
| | - Jakub Benýšek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, Prague 16610, Czech Republic.,First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 32, Prague 12108, Czech Republic
| | - Dominik Brajtenbach
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, Bonn 53121, Germany
| | - Christian Breuer
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, Bonn 53121, Germany.,Department of Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, von-Liebig-Str. 20, Rheinbach 53359, Germany
| | - Adéla Jílková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, Prague 16610, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Horn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, Prague 16610, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Buša
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, Prague 16610, Czech Republic.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, Prague 12800, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Ulrychová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, Prague 16610, Czech Republic
| | - Annika Illies
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, Bonn 53121, Germany
| | - Katharina F Kubatzky
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Ulrike Bartz
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, von-Liebig-Str. 20, Rheinbach 53359, Germany
| | - Michael Mareš
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, Prague 16610, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, Bonn 53121, Germany
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10
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Abstract
Cysteine cathepsins are proteases critical in physiopathological processes and show potential as targets or biomarkers for diseases and medical conditions. The 11 members of the cathepsin family are redundant in some cases but remarkably independent of others, demanding the development of both pan-cathepsin targeting tools as well as probes that are selective for specific cathepsins with little off-target activity. This review addresses the diverse design strategies that have been employed to accomplish this tailored selectivity among cysteine cathepsin targets and the imaging modalities incorporated. The power of these diverse tools is contextualized by briefly highlighting the nature of a few prominent cysteine cathepsins, their involvement in select diseases, and the application of cathepsin imaging probes in research spanning basic biochemical studies to clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelton A Schleyer
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 1345 Center Dr, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Lina Cui
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 1345 Center Dr, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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11
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Keuler T, Gatterdam K, Akbal A, Lovotti M, Marleaux M, Geyer M, Latz E, Gütschow M. Development of Fluorescent and Biotin Probes Targeting NLRP3. Front Chem 2021; 9:642273. [PMID: 33996748 PMCID: PMC8115122 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.642273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular signals drive the nucleation of the NLRP3 inflammasome which leads to the release of cytokines and causes inflammatory events. Hence, the inflammasome has gained enormous momentum in biomedical basic research. The detailed mechanisms of inflammasome generation and regulation remain to be elucidated. Our study was directed toward the design, convergent synthesis, and initial biochemical evaluation of activity-based probes addressing NLRP3. For this purpose, probes were assembled from a CRID3/MCC950-related NLRP3-binding unit, a linker portion and a coumarin 343 fluorophore or biotin. The affinity of our probes to NLRP3 was demonstrated through SPR measurements and their cellular activity was confirmed by reduction of the interleukin 1β release from stimulated bone marrow-derived macrophages. The initial characterizations of NLRP3-targeting probes highlighted the coumarin probe 2 as a suitable tool compound for the cellular and biochemical analysis of the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Keuler
- Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Karl Gatterdam
- Institute of Structural Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anil Akbal
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marta Lovotti
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Marleaux
- Institute of Structural Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Geyer
- Institute of Structural Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eicke Latz
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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12
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Breidenbach J, Lemke C, Pillaiyar T, Schäkel L, Al Hamwi G, Diett M, Gedschold R, Geiger N, Lopez V, Mirza S, Namasivayam V, Schiedel AC, Sylvester K, Thimm D, Vielmuth C, Phuong Vu L, Zyulina M, Bodem J, Gütschow M, Müller CE. Targeting the Main Protease of SARS-CoV-2: From the Establishment of High Throughput Screening to the Design of Tailored Inhibitors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:10423-10429. [PMID: 33655614 PMCID: PMC8014119 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The main protease of SARS-CoV-2 (Mpro ), the causative agent of COVID-19, constitutes a significant drug target. A new fluorogenic substrate was kinetically compared to an internally quenched fluorescent peptide and shown to be ideally suitable for high throughput screening with recombinantly expressed Mpro . Two classes of protease inhibitors, azanitriles and pyridyl esters, were identified, optimized and subjected to in-depth biochemical characterization. Tailored peptides equipped with the unique azanitrile warhead exhibited concomitant inhibition of Mpro and cathepsin L, a protease relevant for viral cell entry. Pyridyl indole esters were analyzed by a positional scanning. Our focused approach towards Mpro inhibitors proved to be superior to virtual screening. With two irreversible inhibitors, azanitrile 8 (kinac /Ki =37 500 m-1 s-1 , Ki =24.0 nm) and pyridyl ester 17 (kinac /Ki =29 100 m-1 s-1 , Ki =10.0 nm), promising drug candidates for further development have been discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Breidenbach
- Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany), E-mails
| | - Carina Lemke
- Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany), E-mails
| | - Thanigaimalai Pillaiyar
- Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany), E-mails
- Present address: Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical ChemistryEberhard-Karls-University TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 872076TübingenGermany
| | - Laura Schäkel
- Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany), E-mails
| | - Ghazl Al Hamwi
- Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany), E-mails
| | - Miriam Diett
- Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany), E-mails
| | - Robin Gedschold
- Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany), E-mails
| | - Nina Geiger
- Institute for Virology and ImmunobiologyJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgVersbacher Strasse 797078WürzburgGermany
| | - Vittoria Lopez
- Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany), E-mails
| | - Salahuddin Mirza
- Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany), E-mails
| | - Vigneshwaran Namasivayam
- Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany), E-mails
| | - Anke C. Schiedel
- Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany), E-mails
| | - Katharina Sylvester
- Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany), E-mails
| | - Dominik Thimm
- Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany), E-mails
| | - Christin Vielmuth
- Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany), E-mails
| | - Lan Phuong Vu
- Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany), E-mails
| | - Maria Zyulina
- Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany), E-mails
| | - Jochen Bodem
- Institute for Virology and ImmunobiologyJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgVersbacher Strasse 797078WürzburgGermany
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany), E-mails
| | - Christa E. Müller
- Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany), E-mails
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13
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Breidenbach J, Lemke C, Pillaiyar T, Schäkel L, Al Hamwi G, Diett M, Gedschold R, Geiger N, Lopez V, Mirza S, Namasivayam V, Schiedel AC, Sylvester K, Thimm D, Vielmuth C, Phuong Vu L, Zyulina M, Bodem J, Gütschow M, Müller CE. Die Hauptprotease von SARS‐CoV‐2 als Zielstruktur: Von der Etablierung eines Hochdurchsatz‐Screenings zum Design maßgeschneiderter Inhibitoren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Breidenbach
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Carina Lemke
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Thanigaimalai Pillaiyar
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
- Aktuelle Adresse: Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische Chemie Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 8 72076 Tübingen Deutschland
| | - Laura Schäkel
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Ghazl Al Hamwi
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Miriam Diett
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Robin Gedschold
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Nina Geiger
- Institut für Virologie und Immunobiologie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Versbacher Straße 7 97078 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Vittoria Lopez
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Salahuddin Mirza
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Vigneshwaran Namasivayam
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Anke C. Schiedel
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Katharina Sylvester
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Dominik Thimm
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Christin Vielmuth
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Lan Phuong Vu
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Maria Zyulina
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Jochen Bodem
- Institut für Virologie und Immunobiologie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Versbacher Straße 7 97078 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Christa E. Müller
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
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14
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Kirchner N, Cano-Prieto C, Schulz-Fincke AC, Gütschow M, Ortlieb N, Moschny J, Niedermeyer THJ, Horak J, Lämmerhofer M, van der Voort M, Raaijmakers JM, Gross H. Discovery of Thanafactin A, a Linear, Proline-Containing Octalipopeptide from Pseudomonas sp. SH-C52, Motivated by Genome Mining. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:101-109. [PMID: 33382250 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c01174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Genome mining of the bacterial strains Pseudomonas sp. SH-C52 and Pseudomonas fluorescens DSM 11579 showed that both strains contained a highly similar gene cluster encoding an octamodular nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) system which was not associated with a known secondary metabolite. Insertional mutagenesis of an NRPS component followed by comparative profiling led to the discovery of the corresponding novel linear octalipopeptide thanafactin A, which was subsequently isolated and its structure determined by two-dimensional NMR and further spectroscopic and chromatographic methods. In bioassays, thanafactin A exhibited weak protease inhibitory activity and was found to modulate swarming motility in a strain-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Kirchner
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Carolina Cano-Prieto
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Nico Ortlieb
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julia Moschny
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Timo H J Niedermeyer
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jeannie Horak
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Bioanalysis, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Department of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, University of Munich Medical Center, Campus Innenstadt, 80337 Muenchen, Germany
| | - Michael Lämmerhofer
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Bioanalysis, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Menno van der Voort
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jos M Raaijmakers
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Harald Gross
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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15
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Lemke C, Cianni L, Feldmann C, Gilberg E, Yin J, Dos Reis Rocho F, de Vita D, Bartz U, Bajorath J, Montanari CA, Gütschow M. N-Sulfonyl dipeptide nitriles as inhibitors of human cathepsin S: In silico design, synthesis and biochemical characterization. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127420. [PMID: 32763808 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A library of cathepsin S inhibitors of the dipeptide nitrile chemotype, bearing a bioisosteric sulfonamide moiety, was synthesized. Kinetic investigations were performed at four human cysteine proteases, i.e. cathepsins S, B, K and L. Compound 12 with a terminal 3-biphenyl sulfonamide substituent was the most potent (Ki = 4.02 nM; selectivity ratio cathepsin S/K = 5.8; S/L = 67) and 24 with a 4'-fluoro-4-biphenyl sulfonamide substituent the most selective cathepsin S inhibitor (Ki = 35.5 nM; selectivity ratio cathepsin S/K = 57; S/L = 31). In silico design and biochemical evaluation emphasized the impact of the sulfonamide linkage on selectivity and a possible switch of P2 and P3 substituents with respect to the occupation of the corresponding binding sites of cathepsin S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Lemke
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Cianni
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany; Bonn Aachen International Center for Information Technology BIT, Life Science Informatics, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 19c, D-53115 Bonn, Germany; Instituto de Química de Sao Carlos, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador Sancarlense 400, BR-13560-970 Sao Carlos, Brazil
| | - Christian Feldmann
- Bonn Aachen International Center for Information Technology BIT, Life Science Informatics, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 19c, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Erik Gilberg
- Bonn Aachen International Center for Information Technology BIT, Life Science Informatics, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 19c, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jiafei Yin
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Fernanda Dos Reis Rocho
- Instituto de Química de Sao Carlos, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador Sancarlense 400, BR-13560-970 Sao Carlos, Brazil
| | - Daniela de Vita
- Instituto de Química de Sao Carlos, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador Sancarlense 400, BR-13560-970 Sao Carlos, Brazil
| | - Ulrike Bartz
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, von-Liebig-Str. 20, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bajorath
- Bonn Aachen International Center for Information Technology BIT, Life Science Informatics, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 19c, D-53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Carlos A Montanari
- Instituto de Química de Sao Carlos, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador Sancarlense 400, BR-13560-970 Sao Carlos, Brazil.
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
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16
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Breidenbach J, Bartz U, Gütschow M. Coumarin as a structural component of substrates and probes for serine and cysteine proteases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2020; 1868:140445. [PMID: 32405284 PMCID: PMC7219385 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2020.140445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Coumarins represent well-established structures to introduce fluorescence into tool compounds for biochemical investigations. They are valued for their small size, chemical stability and accessibility as well as their tunable photochemical properties. As components of fluorophore/quencher pairs or FRET donor/acceptor pairs, coumarins have frequently been applied in substrate mapping approaches for serine and cysteine proteases. This review also focuses on the incorporation of coumarins into the side chain of amino acids and the exploitation of the resulting fluorescent amino acids for the positional profiling of protease substrates. The protease-inhibiting properties of certain coumarin derivatives and the utilization of coumarin moieties to assemble activity-based probes for serine and cysteine proteases are discussed as well. Coumarins represent well-established structures to introduce fluorescence into tool compounds for biochemical investigations. They are valued for their small size, chemical stability and accessibility as well as their tunable photochemical properties. Coumarins are components of fluorophore/quencher pairs or FRET donor/acceptor pairs in substrate mapping of proteases. Coumarins have been incorporated into amino acids side chains to be used for the positional profiling of protease substrates. Coumarins have protease-inhibiting properties and are used for activity-based probes for serine and cysteine proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Breidenbach
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ulrike Bartz
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, von-Liebig-Str. 20, 53359 Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
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17
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Mapping the S1 and S1' subsites of cysteine proteases with new dipeptidyl nitrile inhibitors as trypanocidal agents. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0007755. [PMID: 32163418 PMCID: PMC7067379 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The cysteine protease cruzipain is considered to be a validated target for therapeutic intervention in the treatment of Chagas disease. A series of 26 new compounds were designed, synthesized, and tested against the recombinant cruzain (Cz) to map its S1/S1´ subsites. The same series was evaluated on a panel of four human cysteine proteases (CatB, CatK, CatL, CatS) and Leishmania mexicana CPB, which is a potential target for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. The synthesized compounds are dipeptidyl nitriles designed based on the most promising combinations of different moieties in P1 (ten), P2 (six), and P3 (four different building blocks). Eight compounds exhibited a Ki smaller than 20.0 nM for Cz, whereas three compounds met these criteria for LmCPB. Three inhibitors had an EC50 value of ca. 4.0 μM, thus being equipotent to benznidazole according to the antitrypanosomal effects. Our mapping approach and the respective structure-activity relationships provide insights into the specific ligand-target interactions for therapeutically relevant cysteine proteases.
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18
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Xiao F, Hu Y, Huang H, Xu F, Deng GJ. Base-controlled divergent synthesis of vinyl sulfones from (benzylsulfonyl)benzenes and paraformaldehyde. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:3527-3535. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00362j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A tuneable metal-free protocol for the selective preparation of α-substituted vinyl sulfone and (E)-vinyl sulfone derivatives has been described. The base played an important role in the selectivity control of transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuhong Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan. Province
- College of Chemistry
- Xiangtan University
- Xiangtan 411105
| | - Yangling Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan. Province
- College of Chemistry
- Xiangtan University
- Xiangtan 411105
| | - Huawen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan. Province
- College of Chemistry
- Xiangtan University
- Xiangtan 411105
| | - Fen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan. Province
- College of Chemistry
- Xiangtan University
- Xiangtan 411105
| | - Guo-Jun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan. Province
- College of Chemistry
- Xiangtan University
- Xiangtan 411105
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19
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Wang S, Vigliarolo BG, Chowdhury MA, Nyarko JNK, Mousseau DD, Phenix CP. Design and synthesis of fluorogenic substrate-based probes for detecting Cathepsin B activity. Bioorg Chem 2019; 92:103194. [PMID: 31493706 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cathepsin B plays key roles in tumor progression with its overexpression being associated with invasive and metastatic phenotypes and is a primary target of protease activated antibody-directed prodrug therapy. It therefore represents a potential therapeutic and diagnostic target and effort has been made to develop fluorescent probes to report on Cathepsin B activity in cells and animal models of cancer. We have designed, synthesized, and thoroughly evaluated four novel "turn on" probes that employ a lysosomotropic dansylcadaverine dye to report on Cathepsin B activity. Enzyme activity assays using a recombinant human enzyme and cancer cell lysates coupled with confocal microscopy experiments demonstrated that one of the probes, derivatized with the self-immolative prodrug linker p-aminobenzyl alcohol, can selectively report on Cathepsin B in biological samples including live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Brady G Vigliarolo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Morshed A Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Jennifer N K Nyarko
- Cell Signalling Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Darrell D Mousseau
- Cell Signalling Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Christopher P Phenix
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada.
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20
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Cianni L, Feldmann CW, Gilberg E, Gütschow M, Juliano L, Leitão A, Bajorath J, Montanari CA. Can Cysteine Protease Cross-Class Inhibitors Achieve Selectivity? J Med Chem 2019; 62:10497-10525. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Cianni
- Medicinal Chemistry Group, Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, Avenue Trabalhador Sancarlense, 400, 23566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Life Science Informatics, B-IT, LIMES Program Unit Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Endenicher Allee 19c, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Wolfgang Feldmann
- Department of Life Science Informatics, B-IT, LIMES Program Unit Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Endenicher Allee 19c, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Erik Gilberg
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Life Science Informatics, B-IT, LIMES Program Unit Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Endenicher Allee 19c, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Luiz Juliano
- A. C. Camargo Cancer Center and São Paulo Medical School of Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Professor Antônio Prudente, 211, 01509-010 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Andrei Leitão
- Medicinal Chemistry Group, Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, Avenue Trabalhador Sancarlense, 400, 23566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Jürgen Bajorath
- Department of Life Science Informatics, B-IT, LIMES Program Unit Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Endenicher Allee 19c, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Carlos A. Montanari
- Medicinal Chemistry Group, Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, Avenue Trabalhador Sancarlense, 400, 23566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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21
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Steinebach C, Sosič I, Lindner S, Bricelj A, Kohl F, Ng YLD, Monschke M, Wagner KG, Krönke J, Gütschow M. A MedChem toolbox for cereblon-directed PROTACs. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:1037-1041. [PMID: 31304001 PMCID: PMC6596386 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00185a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A modular chemistry toolbox was developed for cereblon-directed PROTACs. A variety of linkers was attached to a CRBN ligand via the 4-amino position of pomalidomide. We used linkers of different constitution to modulate physicochemical properties. We equipped one terminus of the linker with a set of functional groups, e.g. protected amines, protected carboxylic acids, alkynes, chloroalkanes, and protected alcohols, all of which are considered to be attractive for PROTAC design. We also highlight different opportunities for the expansion of the medicinal chemists' PROTAC toolbox towards heterobifunctional molecules, e.g. with biotin, fluorescent, hydrophobic and peptide tags.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Steinebach
- Pharmaceutical Institute , Pharmaceutical Chemistry I , University of Bonn , An der Immenburg 4 , 53121 Bonn , Germany .
| | - Izidor Sosič
- Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Ljubljana , 1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Stefanie Lindner
- Department of Internal Medicine III , University Hospital Ulm , Albert-Einstein-Allee 23 , 89081 Ulm , Germany
| | - Aleša Bricelj
- Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Ljubljana , 1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Franziska Kohl
- Pharmaceutical Institute , Pharmaceutical Chemistry I , University of Bonn , An der Immenburg 4 , 53121 Bonn , Germany .
| | - Yuen Lam Dora Ng
- Department of Internal Medicine III , University Hospital Ulm , Albert-Einstein-Allee 23 , 89081 Ulm , Germany
| | - Marius Monschke
- Pharmaceutical Institute , Pharmaceutical Technology , University of Bonn , Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 3 , 53121 Bonn , Germany
| | - Karl G Wagner
- Pharmaceutical Institute , Pharmaceutical Technology , University of Bonn , Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 3 , 53121 Bonn , Germany
| | - Jan Krönke
- Department of Internal Medicine III , University Hospital Ulm , Albert-Einstein-Allee 23 , 89081 Ulm , Germany
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical Institute , Pharmaceutical Chemistry I , University of Bonn , An der Immenburg 4 , 53121 Bonn , Germany .
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22
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Wartenberg M, Saidi A, Galibert M, Joulin-Giet A, Burlaud-Gaillard J, Lecaille F, Scott CJ, Aucagne V, Delmas AF, Lalmanach G. Imaging of extracellular cathepsin S activity by a selective near infrared fluorescence substrate-based probe. Biochimie 2019; 166:84-93. [PMID: 30914255 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We designed a near-infrared fluorescent substrate-based probe (SBP), termed MG101, for monitoring extracellular cathepsin S (CatS) activity. We conceived a fused peptide hairpin loop-structure, combining a CatS recognition domain, an electrostatic zipper (with complementary charges of a polyanionic (D-Glu)5 segment and a polycationic (D-Arg)5 motif, as well as a N and C terminal Förster resonance energy transfer pair (donor: AlexaFluor680; quencher: BHQ3) to facilitate activity-dependent imaging. MG101 showed excellent stability since no fluorescence release corresponding to a self-dequenching was observed in the presence of either 2 M NaCl or after incubation at a broad range of pH (2.2-8.2). Cathepsins B, D, G, H, and K, neutrophil elastase and proteinase 3 did not cleave MG101, while CatS, and to a lesser extent CatL, hydrolysed MG101 at pH 5.5. However MG101 was fully selective for CatS at pH 7.4 (kcat/Km = 140,000 M-1 s-1) and sensitive to low concentration of CatS (<1 nM). The selectivity of MG101 was successfully endorsed ex vivo, as it was hydrolysed in cell lysates derived from wild-type but not knockout CatS murine spleen. Furthermore, application of the SBP probe with confocal microscopy confirmed the secretion of active CatS from THP-1 macrophages, which could be abrogated by pharmacological CatS inhibitors. Taken together, present data highlight MG101 as a novel near-infrared fluorescent SBP for the visualization of extracellular active CatS from macrophages and other cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylène Wartenberg
- Université de Tours, Tours, France; INSERM, UMR 1100, Research Center for Respiratory Diseases (CEPR), Team: "Proteolytic Mechanisms in Inflammation", Tours, France
| | - Ahlame Saidi
- Université de Tours, Tours, France; INSERM, UMR 1100, Research Center for Respiratory Diseases (CEPR), Team: "Proteolytic Mechanisms in Inflammation", Tours, France
| | - Mathieu Galibert
- CNRS UPR 4301, Center for Molecular Biophysics (CBM), Team: "Molecular, Structural and Chemical Biology", Orléans, France
| | - Alix Joulin-Giet
- Université de Tours, Tours, France; INSERM, UMR 1100, Research Center for Respiratory Diseases (CEPR), Team: "Proteolytic Mechanisms in Inflammation", Tours, France
| | - Julien Burlaud-Gaillard
- Université de Tours, Tours, France; Plateforme IBiSA de Microscopie Electronique, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Fabien Lecaille
- Université de Tours, Tours, France; INSERM, UMR 1100, Research Center for Respiratory Diseases (CEPR), Team: "Proteolytic Mechanisms in Inflammation", Tours, France
| | - Christopher J Scott
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Vincent Aucagne
- CNRS UPR 4301, Center for Molecular Biophysics (CBM), Team: "Molecular, Structural and Chemical Biology", Orléans, France
| | - Agnès F Delmas
- CNRS UPR 4301, Center for Molecular Biophysics (CBM), Team: "Molecular, Structural and Chemical Biology", Orléans, France
| | - Gilles Lalmanach
- Université de Tours, Tours, France; INSERM, UMR 1100, Research Center for Respiratory Diseases (CEPR), Team: "Proteolytic Mechanisms in Inflammation", Tours, France.
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23
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Cathepsin B: Active site mapping with peptidic substrates and inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 27:1-15. [PMID: 30473362 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The potential of papain-like cysteine proteases, such as cathepsin B, as drug discovery targets for systemic human diseases has prevailed over the past years. The development of potent and selective low-molecular cathepsin B inhibitors relies on the detailed expertise on preferred amino acid and inhibitor residues interacting with the corresponding specificity pockets of cathepsin B. Such knowledge might be obtained by mapping the active site of the protease with combinatorial libraries of peptidic substrates and peptidomimetic inhibitors. This review, for the first time, summarizes a wide spectrum of active site mapping approaches. It considers relevant X-ray crystallographic data and discloses propensities towards favorable protein-ligand interactions in case of the therapeutically relevant protease cathepsin B.
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24
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Zhang W, Johnson GM, Guan Z, He YH. Regio- and Stereoselective Hydrosulfonylation of Electron-Deficient Alkynes: Access to Both E- and Z-β-Sulfonyl-α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201801032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southwest University; Chongqing 400715 People's Republic of China
| | - Gabriel M. Johnson
- Chemistry Department; College of Saint Benedict and Saint John's University; MN 56374 USA
| | - Zhi Guan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southwest University; Chongqing 400715 People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Hong He
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southwest University; Chongqing 400715 People's Republic of China
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25
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Exploiting the Chalcone Scaffold to Develop Multifunctional Agents for Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23081902. [PMID: 30061534 PMCID: PMC6222323 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease still represents an untreated multifaceted pathology, and drugs able to stop or reverse its progression are urgently needed. In this paper, a series of naturally inspired chalcone-based derivatives were designed as structural simplification of our previously reported benzofuran lead compound, aiming at targeting both acetyl (AChE)- and butyryl (BuChE) cholinesterases that, despite having been studied for years, still deserve considerable attention. In addition, the new compounds could also modulate different pathways involved in disease progression, due to the peculiar trans-α,β-unsaturated ketone in the chalcone framework. All molecules presented in this study were evaluated for cholinesterase inhibition on the human enzymes and for antioxidant and neuroprotective activities on a SH-SY5Y cell line. The results proved that almost all the new compounds were low micromolar inhibitors, showing different selectivity depending on the appended substituent; some of them were also effective antioxidant and neuroprotective agents. In particular, compound 4, endowed with dual AChE/BuChE inhibitory activity, was able to decrease ROS formation and increase GSH levels, resulting in enhanced antioxidant endogenous defense. Moreover, this compound also proved to counteract the neurotoxicity elicited by Aβ1⁻42 oligomers, showing a promising neuroprotective potential.
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26
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Breuer C, Lemke C, Schmitz J, Bartz U, Gütschow M. Synthesis and kinetic evaluation of ethyl acrylate and vinyl sulfone derived inhibitors for human cysteine cathepsins. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:2008-2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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27
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Żądło-Dobrowolska A, Szczygieł M, Koszelewski D, Paprocki D, Ostaszewski R. Self-immolative versatile fluorogenic probes for screening of hydrolytic enzyme activity. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 14:9146-9150. [PMID: 27714153 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01488g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme triggered probes with a self-immolative linker for rapid and sensitive hydrolase detection through a cascade reaction have been reported. Their utility was proved by the preparation of three model compounds and their evaluation as enzyme substrates and demonstration of their applicability as fluorogenic probes for screening lipase, esterase and protease activities. These probes represent a new class of fluorogenic compounds, are stable under aqueous conditions and not susceptible to nonspecific degradation. The utilization of the carbamate cleavable linkage in a probe structure allows moving away of the bulky fluorophore from the enzyme recognition unit and targets different classes of enzymes with the same substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Żądło-Dobrowolska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Martyna Szczygieł
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Dominik Koszelewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Daniel Paprocki
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Ryszard Ostaszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
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28
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Schulz-Fincke AC, Tikhomirov AS, Braune A, Girbl T, Gilberg E, Bajorath J, Blaut M, Nourshargh S, Gütschow M. Design of an Activity-Based Probe for Human Neutrophil Elastase: Implementation of the Lossen Rearrangement To Induce Förster Resonance Energy Transfers. Biochemistry 2018; 57:742-752. [PMID: 29286643 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human neutrophil elastase is an important regulator of the immune response and plays a role in host defense mechanisms and further physiological processes. The uncontrolled activity of this serine protease may cause severe tissue alterations and impair inflammatory states. The design of an activity-based probe for human neutrophil elastase reported herein relies on a sulfonyloxyphthalimide moiety as a new type of warhead that is linker-connected to a coumarin fluorophore. The inhibitory potency of the activity-based probe was assessed against several serine and cysteine proteases, and the selectivity for human neutrophil elastase (Ki = 6.85 nM) was determined. The adequate fluorescent tag of the probe allowed for the in-gel fluorescence detection of human neutrophil elastase in the low nanomolar range. The coumarin moiety and the anthranilic acid function of the probe, produced in the course of a Lossen rearrangement, were part of two different Förster resonance energy transfers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Christina Schulz-Fincke
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn , An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander S Tikhomirov
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn , An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany.,Gause Institute of New Antibiotics , 11 Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Street, Moscow 119021, Russia
| | - Annett Braune
- Department of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke , Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Tamara Girbl
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London , Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, U.K
| | - Erik Gilberg
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn , An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany.,Department of Life Science Informatics, B-IT, LIMES Program Unit of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn , Dahlmannstrasse 2, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bajorath
- Department of Life Science Informatics, B-IT, LIMES Program Unit of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn , Dahlmannstrasse 2, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Blaut
- Department of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke , Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Sussan Nourshargh
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London , Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, U.K
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn , An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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29
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Raghav N, Singh M. SAR studies of some acetophenone phenylhydrazone based pyrazole derivatives as anticathepsin agents. Bioorg Chem 2017; 75:38-49. [PMID: 28915464 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cathepsins have emerged as promising molecular targets in a number of diseases such as Alzeimer's, inflammation and cancer. Elevated cathepsin's levels and decreased cellular inhibitor concentrations have emphasized the search for novel inhibitors of cathepsins. The present work is focused on the design and synthesis of some acetophenone phenylhydrazone based pyrazole derivatives as novel non peptidyl inhibitors of cathepsins B, H and L. The synthesized compounds after characterization have been explored for their inhibitory potency against cathepsins B, H and L. The results show that some of the synthesized compounds exhibit anti-catheptic activity with Ki value of the order of 10-10M. Differential inhibitory effects have been observed for cathepsins B, H and L. Cathepsin L is inhibited more pronounced than cathepsin B and cathepsin H in that order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neera Raghav
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra 136119, India.
| | - Mamta Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra 136119, India
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30
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Häußler D, Schulz-Fincke AC, Beckmann AM, Keils A, Gilberg E, Mangold M, Bajorath J, Stirnberg M, Steinmetzer T, Gütschow M. A Fluorescent-Labeled Phosphono Bisbenzguanidine As an Activity-Based Probe for Matriptase. Chemistry 2017; 23:5205-5209. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Häußler
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I; University of Bonn; An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Germany
| | | | - Anna-Madeleine Beckmann
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I; University of Bonn; An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Aline Keils
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Philipps University of Marburg; Marbacher Weg 6 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Erik Gilberg
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I; University of Bonn; An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Germany
- Department of Life Science Informatics, B-IT, LIMES Program Unit Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry; University of Bonn; Dahlmannstr. 2 53113 Bonn Germany
| | - Martin Mangold
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I; University of Bonn; An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Jürgen Bajorath
- Department of Life Science Informatics, B-IT, LIMES Program Unit Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry; University of Bonn; Dahlmannstr. 2 53113 Bonn Germany
| | - Marit Stirnberg
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I; University of Bonn; An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Torsten Steinmetzer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Philipps University of Marburg; Marbacher Weg 6 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I; University of Bonn; An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Germany
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31
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Zeng K, Chen L, Chen Y, Liu Y, Zhou Y, Au CT, Yin SF. Iron(III) Chloride-Mediated Regio- and Stereoselective Chlorosulfonylation of Alkynes and Alkenes with Sodium Sulfinates. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201601211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kui Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 People's Republic of China
| | - Lang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Chen
- Medical College; Hunan University of Chinese Medicine; Changsha 410208 People's Republic of China
| | - Yongping Liu
- Medical College; Hunan University of Chinese Medicine; Changsha 410208 People's Republic of China
| | - Yongbo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 People's Republic of China
| | - Chak-Tong Au
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan Institute of Engineering; Xiangtan 411104 Hunan People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang-Feng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 People's Republic of China
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32
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Convergent Synthesis of Two Fluorescent Ebselen-Coumarin Heterodimers. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2016; 9:ph9030043. [PMID: 27399725 PMCID: PMC5039496 DOI: 10.3390/ph9030043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The organo-seleniumdrug ebselen exhibits a wide range of pharmacological effects that are predominantly due to its interference with redox systems catalyzed by seleno enzymes, e.g., glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase. Moreover, ebselen can covalently interact with thiol groups of several enzymes. According to its pleiotropic mode of action, ebselen has been investigated in clinical trials for the prevention and treatment of different ailments. Fluorescence-labeled probes containing ebselen are expected to be suitable for further biological and medicinal studies. We therefore designed and synthesized two coumarin-tagged activity-based probes bearing the ebselen warhead. The heterodimers differ by the nature of the spacer structure, for which—in the second compound—a PEG/two-amide spacer was introduced. The interaction of this probe and of ebselen with two cysteine proteases was investigated.
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33
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Häußler D, Mangold M, Furtmann N, Braune A, Blaut M, Bajorath J, Stirnberg M, Gütschow M. Phosphono Bisbenzguanidines as Irreversible Dipeptidomimetic Inhibitors and Activity-Based Probes of Matriptase-2. Chemistry 2016; 22:8525-35. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Häußler
- Pharmaceutical Institute; Pharmaceutical Chemistry I; University of Bonn; An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Martin Mangold
- Pharmaceutical Institute; Pharmaceutical Chemistry I; University of Bonn; An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Norbert Furtmann
- Pharmaceutical Institute; Pharmaceutical Chemistry I; University of Bonn; An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Germany
- Department of Life Science Informatics, B-IT; LIMES Program Unit Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry; University of Bonn; Dahlmannstrasse 2 53113 Bonn Germany
| | - Annett Braune
- Department of Gastrointestinal Microbiology; German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke; Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116 14558 Nuthetal Germany
| | - Michael Blaut
- Department of Gastrointestinal Microbiology; German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke; Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116 14558 Nuthetal Germany
| | - Jürgen Bajorath
- Department of Life Science Informatics, B-IT; LIMES Program Unit Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry; University of Bonn; Dahlmannstrasse 2 53113 Bonn Germany
| | - Marit Stirnberg
- Pharmaceutical Institute; Pharmaceutical Chemistry I; University of Bonn; An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical Institute; Pharmaceutical Chemistry I; University of Bonn; An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Germany
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34
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Strategies for detection and quantification of cysteine cathepsins-evolution from bench to bedside. Biochimie 2016; 122:48-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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35
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Ouairy CMJ, Ferraz MJ, Boot RG, Baggelaar MP, van der Stelt M, Appelman M, van der Marel GA, Florea BI, Aerts JMFG, Overkleeft HS. Development of an acid ceramidase activity-based probe. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:6161-3. [PMID: 25748248 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc00356c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Acid ceramidase is responsible for the ultimate step in the catabolism of (glyco)sphingolipids by hydrolysis of ceramide into sphingosine and free fatty acid. Deficiency in acid ceramidase is the molecular basis of Farber disease. Here we report the synthesis and characterization of an activity-based acid ceramidase probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile M J Ouairy
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P. O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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36
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Häußler D, Scheidt T, Stirnberg M, Steinmetzer T, Gütschow M. A Bisbenzamidine Phosphonate as a Janus-faced Inhibitor for Trypsin-like Serine Proteases. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:1641-6. [PMID: 26306030 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A hybrid approach was applied for the design of an inhibitor of trypsin-like serine proteases. Compound 16 [(R,R)- and (R,S)-diphenyl (4-(1-(4-amidinobenzylamino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-ylcarbamoyl)phenylamino)(4-amidinophenyl)methylphosphonate hydrochloride], prepared in a convergent synthetic procedure, possesses a phosphonate warhead prone to react with the active site serine residue in a covalent, irreversible manner. Each of the two benzamidine moieties of 16 can potentially be accommodated in the S1 pocket of the target enzyme, but only the benzamidine close to the phosphonate group would then promote an irreversible interaction. The Janus-faced inhibitor 16 was evaluated against several serine proteases and caused a pronounced inactivation of human thrombin with a second-order rate constant (kinac /Ki) of 59 500 M(-1) s(-1). With human matriptase, 16 showed preference for a reversible mode of inhibition (IC50 =2.6 μM) as indicated by linear progress curves and enzyme reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Häußler
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn (Germany)
| | - Tamara Scheidt
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn (Germany)
| | - Marit Stirnberg
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn (Germany)
| | - Torsten Steinmetzer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032 Marburg (Germany)
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn (Germany).
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37
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Schmitz J, Furtmann N, Ponert M, Frizler M, Löser R, Bartz U, Bajorath J, Gütschow M. Active Site Mapping of Human Cathepsin F with Dipeptide Nitrile Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:1365-77. [PMID: 26119278 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cleavage of the invariant chain is the key event in the trafficking pathway of major histocompatibility complex class II. Cathepsin S is the major processing enzyme of the invariant chain, but cathepsin F acts in macrophages as its functional synergist which is as potent as cathepsin S in invariant chain cleavage. Dedicated low-molecular-weight inhibitors for cathepsin F have not yet been developed. An active site mapping with 52 dipeptide nitriles, reacting as covalent-reversible inhibitors, was performed to draw structure-activity relationships for the non-primed binding region of human cathepsin F. In a stepwise process, new compounds with optimized fragment combinations were designed and synthesized. These dipeptide nitriles were evaluated on human cysteine cathepsins F, B, L, K and S. Compounds 10 (N-(4-phenylbenzoyl)-leucylglycine nitrile) and 12 (N-(4-phenylbenzoyl)leucylmethionine nitrile) were found to be potent inhibitors of human cathepsin F, with Ki values <10 nM. With all dipeptide nitriles from our study, a 3D activity landscape was generated to visualize structure-activity relationships for this series of cathepsin F inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Schmitz
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn (Germany).,Department of Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Bonn-Rhein-Sieg von-Liebig-Straße 20, 53359 Rheinbach (Germany)
| | - Norbert Furtmann
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn (Germany).,Department of Life Science Informatics, B-IT, LIMES Program Unit Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Dahlmannstraße 2, 53113 Bonn (Germany)
| | - Moritz Ponert
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn (Germany)
| | - Maxim Frizler
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn (Germany)
| | - Reik Löser
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn (Germany).,Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden (Germany)
| | - Ulrike Bartz
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Bonn-Rhein-Sieg von-Liebig-Straße 20, 53359 Rheinbach (Germany)
| | - Jürgen Bajorath
- Department of Life Science Informatics, B-IT, LIMES Program Unit Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Dahlmannstraße 2, 53113 Bonn (Germany)
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn (Germany).
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38
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Löser R, Pietzsch J. Cysteine cathepsins: their role in tumor progression and recent trends in the development of imaging probes. Front Chem 2015; 3:37. [PMID: 26157794 PMCID: PMC4477214 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2015.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Papain-like cysteine proteases bear an enormous potential as drug discovery targets for both infectious and systemic human diseases. The considerable progress in this field over the last two decades has also raised interest in the visualization of these enzymes in their native context, especially with regard to tumor imaging. After a short introduction to structure and general functions of human cysteine cathepsins, we highlight their importance for drug discovery and development and provide a critical update on the current state of knowledge toward their involvement in tumor progression, with a special emphasis on their role in therapy response. In accordance with a radiopharmaceutical point of view, the main focus of this review article will be the discussion of recently developed fluorescence and radiotracer-based imaging agents together with related molecular probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reik Löser
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Dresden, Germany ; Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Dresden, Germany ; Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden Dresden, Germany
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39
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Häußler D, Gütschow M. Synthesis of a Fluorescent-Labeled Bisbenzamidine Containing the Central (6,7-Dimethoxy-4-coumaryl)Alanine Building Block. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.21269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Häußler
- Pharmaceutical Institute; Pharmaceutical Chemistry I; University of Bonn; D-53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical Institute; Pharmaceutical Chemistry I; University of Bonn; D-53121 Bonn Germany
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40
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Oresic Bender K, Ofori L, van der Linden WA, Mock ED, Datta GK, Chowdhury S, Li H, Segal E, Sanchez Lopez M, Ellman JA, Figdor CG, Bogyo M, Verdoes M. Design of a highly selective quenched activity-based probe and its application in dual color imaging studies of cathepsin S activity localization. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:4771-7. [PMID: 25785540 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The cysteine cathepsins are a group of 11 proteases whose function was originally believed to be the degradation of endocytosed material with a high degree of redundancy. However, it has become clear that these enzymes are also important regulators of both health and disease. Thus, selective tools that can discriminate between members of this highly related class of enzymes will be critical to further delineate the unique biological functions of individual cathepsins. Here we present the design and synthesis of a near-infrared quenched activity-based probe (qABP) that selectively targets cathepsin S which is highly expressed in immune cells. Importantly, this high degree of selectivity is retained both in vitro and in vivo. In combination with a new green-fluorescent pan-reactive cysteine cathepsin qABP we performed dual color labeling studies in bone marrow-derived immune cells and identified vesicles containing exclusively cathepsin S activity. This observation demonstrates the value of our complementary cathepsin probes and provides evidence for the existence of specific localization of cathepsin S activity in dendritic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gopal K Datta
- ∥Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Somenath Chowdhury
- ∥Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | | | | | | | - Jonathan A Ellman
- ∥Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Carl G Figdor
- ⊥Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Martijn Verdoes
- ⊥Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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41
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Mao S, Gao YR, Zhu XQ, Guo DD, Wang YQ. Copper-Catalyzed Radical Reaction of N-Tosylhydrazones: Stereoselective Synthesis of (E)-Vinyl Sulfones. Org Lett 2015; 17:1692-5. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Mao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Ru Gao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Dong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, P.R. China
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42
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Mechanism of action of thalassospiramides, a new class of calpain inhibitors. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8783. [PMID: 25740631 PMCID: PMC4350077 DOI: 10.1038/srep08783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Thalassospiramides comprise a large family of lipopeptide natural products produced by Thalassospira and Tistrella marine bacteria. Here we provide further evidence of their nanomolar inhibitory activity against the human calpain 1 protease. Analysis of structure-activity relationship data supported our hypothesis that the rigid 12-membered ring containing an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl moiety is the pharmacologically active functional group, in contrast to classic electrophilic “warheads” in known calpain inhibitors. Using a combination of chemical modifications, mass spectrometric techniques, site-directed mutagenesis, and molecular modeling, we show the covalent binding of thalassospiramide's α,β-unsaturated carbonyl moiety to the thiol group of calpain's catalytic Cys115 residue by a Michael 1,4-addition reaction. As nanomolar calpain inhibitors with promising selectivity and low toxicity from natural sources are rare, we consider thalassospiramides as promising drug leads.
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43
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Kohl F, Schmitz J, Furtmann N, Schulz-Fincke AC, Mertens MD, Küppers J, Benkhoff M, Tobiasch E, Bartz U, Bajorath J, Stirnberg M, Gütschow M. Design, characterization and cellular uptake studies of fluorescence-labeled prototypic cathepsin inhibitors. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:10310-23. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01613d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine cathepsin inhibition and cellular uptake of a coumarin 343-containing dipeptide nitrile was analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Kohl
- Pharmaceutical Institute
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry I
- University of Bonn
- D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Janina Schmitz
- Pharmaceutical Institute
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry I
- University of Bonn
- D-53121 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Natural Sciences
| | - Norbert Furtmann
- Pharmaceutical Institute
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry I
- University of Bonn
- D-53121 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Life Science Informatics
| | | | - Matthias D. Mertens
- Pharmaceutical Institute
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry I
- University of Bonn
- D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jim Küppers
- Pharmaceutical Institute
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry I
- University of Bonn
- D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marcel Benkhoff
- Pharmaceutical Institute
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry I
- University of Bonn
- D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Edda Tobiasch
- Department of Natural Sciences
- Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences
- D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Ulrike Bartz
- Department of Natural Sciences
- Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences
- D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bajorath
- Department of Life Science Informatics
- B-IT
- LIMES Program Unit Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry
- University of Bonn
- D-53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marit Stirnberg
- Pharmaceutical Institute
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry I
- University of Bonn
- D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical Institute
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry I
- University of Bonn
- D-53121 Bonn, Germany
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44
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Schmitz J, Beckmann AM, Dudic A, Li T, Sellier R, Bartz U, Gütschow M. 3-Cyano-3-aza-β-amino Acid Derivatives as Inhibitors of Human Cysteine Cathepsins. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:1076-81. [PMID: 25313316 DOI: 10.1021/ml500238q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrile-type inhibitors are known to interact with cysteine proteases in a covalent-reversible manner. The chemotype of 3-cyano-3-aza-β-amino acid derivatives was designed in which the N-cyano group is centrally arranged in the molecule to allow for interactions with the nonprimed and primed binding regions of the target enzymes. These compounds were evaluated as inhibitors of the human cysteine cathepsins K, S, B, and L. They exhibited slow-binding behavior and were found to be exceptionally potent, in particular toward cathepsin K, with second-order rate constants up to 52 900 × 10(3) M(-1) s(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Schmitz
- Pharmaceutical
Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg
4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
- Department
of Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, von-Liebig-Strasse 20, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Anna-Madeleine Beckmann
- Pharmaceutical
Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg
4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Adela Dudic
- Pharmaceutical
Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg
4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Tianwei Li
- Pharmaceutical
Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg
4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Robert Sellier
- Pharmaceutical
Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg
4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ulrike Bartz
- Department
of Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, von-Liebig-Strasse 20, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical
Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg
4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
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