1
|
Erckes V, Hilleke M, Isert C, Steuer C. PICKAPEP: An application for parameter calculation and visualization of cyclized and modified peptidomimetics. J Pept Sci 2024:e3646. [PMID: 39085168 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
The interest in peptides and especially in peptidomimetic structures has risen enormously in the past few years. Novel modification strategies including nonnatural amino acids, sophisticated cyclization strategies, and side chain modifications to improve the pharmacokinetic properties of peptides are continuously arising. However, a calculator tool accompanying the current development in peptide sciences towards modified peptides is missing. Herein, we present the application PICKAPEP, enabling the virtual construction and visualization of peptidomimetics ranging from well-known cyclized and modified peptides such as ciclosporin A up to fully self-designed peptide-based structures with custom amino acids. Calculated parameters include the molecular weight, the water-octanol partition coefficient, the topological polar surface area, the number of rotatable bonds, and the peptide SMILES code. To our knowledge, PICKAPEP is the first tool allowing users to add custom amino acids as building blocks and also the only tool giving the possibility to process large peptide libraries and calculate parameters for multiple peptides at once. We believe that PICKAPEP will support peptide researchers in their work and will find wide application in current as well as future peptide drug development processes. PICKAPEP is available open source for Windows and Mac operating systems (https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.research-collection.ethz.ch/handle/20.500.11850/681174__;!!N11eV2iwtfs!qt5f_2lNd6IZUDH1HVSVwg0zYzS8-nFazQ8c61jS5GaD5vkVS5C3igyfh3haJRnaX8ugW7o9VWUiCihPqcptmaWoqwYf9LvZTQ$).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Erckes
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mattis Hilleke
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Computer-Assisted Drug Design, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Clemens Isert
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Computer-Assisted Drug Design, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Steuer
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang Y, Yin R, Jiang H, Wang C, Wang X, Wang D, Zhang K, Yu R, Li X, Jiang T. Peptide Stapling through Site-Directed Conjugation of Triazine Moieties to the Tyrosine Residues of a Peptide. Org Lett 2023; 25:2248-2252. [PMID: 36966420 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Peptide stapling is a strategy for improving the biological properties of peptides. Herein, we report a novel method for stapling peptides that utilizes bifunctional triazine moieties for two-component conjugation to the phenolic hydroxyl groups of tyrosine, which enables efficient stapling of unprotected peptides. In addition, we applied this strategy to the RGD peptide that can target integrins and demonstrated that the stapled RGD peptide had significantly improved plasma stability and integrin-targeting ability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs Chinese Ministry of Education, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ruijuan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs Chinese Ministry of Education, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qiangdao, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs Chinese Ministry of Education, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Chaoming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs Chinese Ministry of Education, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs Chinese Ministry of Education, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Dongping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs Chinese Ministry of Education, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs Chinese Ministry of Education, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Rilei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs Chinese Ministry of Education, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xuechen Li
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs Chinese Ministry of Education, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhao R, Shi X, Shi L, Zhao H, Yin F, Li Z. Solid phase diversity-oriented lysine modification of cyclic peptides. J Pept Sci 2021; 28:e3373. [PMID: 34643009 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a novel strategy for diversity-oriented lysine modification of cyclic peptides based on the orthogonal alkylation of the lysine residues. All steps can be achieved in the solid phase with satisfying conversions. Notably, we demonstrated that the tether modification could help to improve the cellular uptake of peptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongtong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaodong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Linlin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Feng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zigang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li X, Chen S, Zhang WD, Hu HG. Stapled Helical Peptides Bearing Different Anchoring Residues. Chem Rev 2020; 120:10079-10144. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Insititute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Si Chen
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Dong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Gang Hu
- Insititute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sharma K, Strizhak AV, Fowler E, Xu W, Chappell B, Sore HF, Galloway WRJD, Grayson MN, Lau YH, Itzhaki LS, Spring DR. Functionalized Double Strain-Promoted Stapled Peptides for Inhibiting the p53-MDM2 Interaction. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:1157-1169. [PMID: 31984273 PMCID: PMC6977200 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Sondheimer dialkyne reagent has previously been employed in strain-promoted double-click cycloadditions with bis-azide peptides to generate stapled peptide inhibitors of protein-protein interactions. The substituted variants of the Sondheimer dialkyne can be used to generate functionalized stapled peptide inhibitors with improved biological properties; however, this remains a relatively underdeveloped field. Herein, we report the synthesis of new substituted variants of Sondheimer dialkyne and their application in the stapling of p53-based diazido peptides to generate potent stapled peptide-based inhibitors of the oncogenic p53-MDM2 interaction. The functionalized stapled peptide formed from a meta-fluoro-substituted Sondheimer dialkyne was found to be the most potent inhibitor. Furthermore, through experimental studies and density functional theory calculations, we investigated the impact of the substituent on the strain-promoted double-click reactivity of Sondheimer dialkyne.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Sharma
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Alexander V. Strizhak
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Elaine Fowler
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Wenshu Xu
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, U.K.
| | - Ben Chappell
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Hannah F. Sore
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | | | - Matthew N. Grayson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, U.K.
| | - Yu Heng Lau
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Eastern Avenue, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Laura S. Itzhaki
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, U.K.
| | - David R. Spring
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Verlinden S, Geudens N, Van Holsbeeck K, Mannes M, Martins JC, Verniest G, Ballet S. The 1,3-diyne linker as a rigid "i,i+7" staple for α-helix stabilization: Stereochemistry at work. J Pept Sci 2019; 25:e3194. [PMID: 31215108 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Short alphahelical peptide sequences were stabilized through Glaser-Hay couplings of propargylated l- and/or d-serine residues at positions i and i+7. NMR analysis confirmed a full stabilization of the helical structure when a d-Ser (i), l-Ser (i+7) combination was applied. In case two l-Ser residues were involved in the cyclization, the helical conformation is disrupted outside the peptide's macrocycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Verlinden
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Niels Geudens
- NMR and Structure Analysis Unit, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kevin Van Holsbeeck
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,NMR and Structure Analysis Unit, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Morgane Mannes
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - José C Martins
- NMR and Structure Analysis Unit, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guido Verniest
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Predictive Analytics and Stability Sciences, Center of Excellence, CRS, Analytical Development, PDMS, DPDS, Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Steven Ballet
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
This Review is devoted to the chemistry of macrocyclic peptides having heterocyclic fragments in their structure. These motifs are present in many natural products and synthetic macrocycles designed against a particular biochemical target. Thiazole and oxazole are particularly common constituents of naturally occurring macrocyclic peptide molecules. This frequency of occurrence is because the thiazole and oxazole rings originate from cysteine, serine, and threonine residues. Whereas other heteroaryl groups are found less frequently, they offer many insightful lessons that range from conformational control to receptor/ligand interactions. Many options to develop new and improved technologies to prepare natural products have appeared in recent years, and the synthetic community has been pursuing synthetic macrocycles that have no precedent in nature. This Review attempts to summarize progress in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan V Smolyar
- Department of Chemistry , Moscow State University , Leninskije Gory , 199991 Moscow , Russia
| | - Andrei K Yudin
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada
| | - Valentine G Nenajdenko
- Department of Chemistry , Moscow State University , Leninskije Gory , 199991 Moscow , Russia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Design and Synthetic Strategies for Helical Peptides. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2001:107-131. [PMID: 31134570 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9504-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are the basis of multiple diseases, and the large and shallow PPI interfaces make the target "undruggable" for traditional small molecules. Peptides, emerging as a new therapeutic modality, can efficiently mimic PPIs with their large scaffolds. Natural peptides are flexible and usually have poor serum stability and cell permeability, features that limit their further biological applications. To satisfy the clinical application of peptide inhibitors, many strategies have been developed to constrain peptides in their bioactive conformation. In this report, we describe several classic methods used to constrain peptides into a fixed secondary structure which could significantly improve their biophysical properties.
Collapse
|
9
|
Wu Y, Kaur A, Fowler E, Wiedmann MM, Young R, Galloway WRJD, Olsen L, Sore HF, Chattopadhyay A, Kwan TTL, Xu W, Walsh SJ, de Andrade P, Janecek M, Arumugam S, Itzhaki LS, Lau YH, Spring DR. Toolbox of Diverse Linkers for Navigating the Cellular Efficacy Landscape of Stapled Peptides. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:526-533. [PMID: 30702850 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stapled peptides have great potential as modulators of protein-protein interactions (PPIs). However, there is a vast landscape of chemical features that can be varied for any given peptide, and identifying a set of features that maximizes cellular uptake and subsequent target engagement remains a key challenge. Herein, we present a systematic analysis of staple functionality on the peptide bioactivity landscape in cellular assays. Through application of a "toolbox" of diversified dialkynyl linkers to the stapling of MDM2-binding peptides via a double-click approach, we conducted a study of cellular uptake and p53 activation as a function of the linker. Minor changes in the linker motif and the specific pairing of linker with peptide sequence can lead to substantial differences in bioactivity, a finding which may have important design implications for peptide-based inhibitors of other PPIs. Given the complexity of the structure-activity relationships involved, the toolbox approach represents a generalizable strategy for optimization when progressing from in vitro binding assays to cellular efficacy studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuteng Wu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Amandeep Kaur
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia Node for Single Molecule Science and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, School of Medical Sciences , University of New South Wales , Sydney , NSW 2052 , Australia
| | - Elaine Fowler
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Mareike M Wiedmann
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Reginald Young
- School of Chemistry , The University of Sydney , Eastern Avenue , Sydney , NSW 2006 , Australia
| | - Warren R J D Galloway
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Lasse Olsen
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Hannah F Sore
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Anasuya Chattopadhyay
- Department of Pharmacology , University of Cambridge , Tennis Court Road , Cambridge CB2 1PD , United Kingdom
| | - Terence T-L Kwan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Wenshu Xu
- Department of Pharmacology , University of Cambridge , Tennis Court Road , Cambridge CB2 1PD , United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J Walsh
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Peterson de Andrade
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Matej Janecek
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Senthil Arumugam
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia Node for Single Molecule Science and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, School of Medical Sciences , University of New South Wales , Sydney , NSW 2052 , Australia
| | - Laura S Itzhaki
- Department of Pharmacology , University of Cambridge , Tennis Court Road , Cambridge CB2 1PD , United Kingdom
| | - Yu Heng Lau
- School of Chemistry , The University of Sydney , Eastern Avenue , Sydney , NSW 2006 , Australia
| | - David R Spring
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Highly potent and selective aryl-1,2,3-triazolyl benzylpiperidine inhibitors toward butyrylcholinesterase in Alzheimer's disease. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:931-943. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
11
|
Peptidomimetics: A Synthetic Tool for Inhibiting Protein–Protein Interactions in Cancer. Int J Pept Res Ther 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-019-09831-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
12
|
Knighton R, Sharma K, Robertson NS, Spring DR, Wills M. Synthesis and Reactivity of a Bis-Strained Alkyne Derived from 1,1'-Biphenyl-2,2',6,6'-tetrol. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:2160-2167. [PMID: 31459462 PMCID: PMC6648819 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The novel "double strained alkyne" 3 has been prepared and evaluated in strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions with azides. The X-ray crystallographic structure of 3, which was prepared in one step from 1,1'-biphenyl-2,2',6,6'-tetrol 4, reveals the strained nature of the alkynes. Dialkyne 3 undergoes cycloaddition reactions with a number of azides, giving mixtures of regiosiomeric products in excellent yields. The monoaddition products were not observed or isolated from the reactions, suggesting that the second cycloaddition proceeds at a faster rate than the first, and this is supported by molecular modeling studies. Dialkyne 3 was successfully employed for "peptide stapling" of a p53-based diazido peptide, whereby two azides are bridged to give a product with a stabilized conformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard
C. Knighton
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Krishna Sharma
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Naomi S. Robertson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - David R. Spring
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
- E-mail: (D.R.S.)
| | - Martin Wills
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- E-mail: (M.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Skowron KJ, Speltz TE, Moore TW. Recent structural advances in constrained helical peptides. Med Res Rev 2018; 39:749-770. [PMID: 30307621 DOI: 10.1002/med.21540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Given the ubiquity of the ⍺-helix in the proteome, there has been much research in developing mimics of ⍺-helices, and most of this study has been toward developing protein-protein interaction inhibitors. A common strategy for mimicking ⍺-helices has been through the use of constrained, helical peptides. The addition of a constraint typically provides for conformational and proteolytic stability and, in some cases, cell permeability. Some of the most well-known strategies included are lactam formation and hydrocarbon "stapling." Beyond those strategies, there have been many recent advances in developing constrained peptides. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent advances in the development of new helix-stabilizing technologies, constraint diversification strategies, tether diversification strategies, and combination strategies that create new bicyclic helical peptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kornelia J Skowron
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Thomas E Speltz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Terry W Moore
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Translational Oncology Program, University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hou Z, Sun C, Geng H, Hu K, Xie M, Ma Y, Jiang F, Yin F, Li Z. Facile Chemoselective Modification of Thio-Ethers Generates Chiral Center-Induced Helical Peptides. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:2904-2908. [PMID: 30193458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A precisely positioned sulfimide chiral center on-tether of a thio-ether tethered peptide determines the peptide secondary structure by chemoselective oxaziridine modification. This method provides a facile way to tune peptides' secondary structures and biophysical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanfeng Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology , Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen , 518055 , China
| | - Chengjie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology , Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen , 518055 , China
| | - Hao Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology , Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen , 518055 , China
| | - Kuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology , Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen , 518055 , China
| | - Mingsheng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology , Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen , 518055 , China
| | - Yue Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology , Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen , 518055 , China
| | - Fan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology , Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen , 518055 , China
| | - Feng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology , Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen , 518055 , China
| | - Zigang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology , Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen , 518055 , China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Iegre J, Gaynord JS, Robertson NS, Sore HF, Hyvönen M, Spring DR. Two-Component Stapling of Biologically Active and Conformationally Constrained Peptides: Past, Present, and Future. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201800052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Iegre
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | | | | | - Hannah F. Sore
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Marko Hyvönen
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Cambridge; Cambridge CB2 1GA UK
| | - David R. Spring
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Robertson NS, Spring DR. Using Peptidomimetics and Constrained Peptides as Valuable Tools for Inhibiting Protein⁻Protein Interactions. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040959. [PMID: 29671834 PMCID: PMC6017787 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) are tremendously important for the function of many biological processes. However, because of the structure of many protein–protein interfaces (flat, featureless and relatively large), they have largely been overlooked as potential drug targets. In this review, we highlight the current tools used to study the molecular recognition of PPIs through the use of different peptidomimetics, from small molecules and scaffolds to peptides. Then, we focus on constrained peptides, and in particular, ways to constrain α-helices through stapling using both one- and two-component techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naomi S Robertson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - David R Spring
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fadzen CM, Wolfe JM, Cho CF, Chiocca EA, Lawler SE, Pentelute BL. Perfluoroarene-Based Peptide Macrocycles to Enhance Penetration Across the Blood-Brain Barrier. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:15628-15631. [PMID: 28992407 PMCID: PMC5818988 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Here we describe the utility of peptide macrocyclization through perfluoroaryl-cysteine SNAr chemistry to improve the ability of peptides to cross the blood-brain barrier. Multiple macrocyclic analogues of the peptide transportan-10 were investigated that displayed increased uptake in two different cell lines and improved proteolytic stability. One of these analogues (M13) exhibited substantially increased delivery across a cellular spheroid model of the blood-brain barrier. Through ex vivo imaging of mouse brains, we demonstrated that this perfluoroarene-based macrocycle of TP10 exhibits increased penetration of the brain parenchyma following intravenous administration in mice. Finally, we evaluated macrocyclic analogues of the BH3 domain of the BIM protein to assess if our approach would be applicable to a peptide of therapeutic interest. We identified a BIM BH3 analogue that showed increased penetration of the brain tissue in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colin M. Fadzen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Justin M. Wolfe
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Choi-Fong Cho
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - E. Antonio Chiocca
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Sean E. Lawler
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Bradley L. Pentelute
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wu Y, Villa F, Maman J, Lau YH, Dobnikar L, Simon AC, Labib K, Spring DR, Pellegrini L. Targeting the Genome-Stability Hub Ctf4 by Stapled-Peptide Design. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201705611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuteng Wu
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Fabrizio Villa
- MRC protein phosphorylation and ubiquitylation unit; University of Dundee; Dundee DD1 5EH UK
| | - Joseph Maman
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Cambridge; Cambridge CB2 1GA UK
| | - Yu Heng Lau
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
- Current address: School of Chemistry; The University of Sydney (Australia)
| | - Lina Dobnikar
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Aline C. Simon
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Cambridge; Cambridge CB2 1GA UK
| | - Karim Labib
- MRC protein phosphorylation and ubiquitylation unit; University of Dundee; Dundee DD1 5EH UK
| | - David R. Spring
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Luca Pellegrini
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Cambridge; Cambridge CB2 1GA UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wu Y, Villa F, Maman J, Lau YH, Dobnikar L, Simon AC, Labib K, Spring DR, Pellegrini L. Targeting the Genome-Stability Hub Ctf4 by Stapled-Peptide Design. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:12866-12872. [PMID: 28815832 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201705611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The exploitation of synthetic lethality by small-molecule targeting of pathways that maintain genomic stability is an attractive chemotherapeutic approach. The Ctf4/AND-1 protein hub, which links DNA replication, repair, and chromosome segregation, represents a novel target for the synthetic lethality approach. Herein, we report the design, optimization, and validation of double-click stapled peptides encoding the Ctf4-interacting peptide (CIP) of the replicative helicase subunit Sld5. By screening stapling positions in the Sld5 CIP, we identified an unorthodox i,i+6 stapled peptide with improved, submicromolar binding to Ctf4. The mode of interaction with Ctf4 was confirmed by a crystal structure of the stapled Sld5 peptide bound to Ctf4. The stapled Sld5 peptide was able to displace the Ctf4 partner DNA polymerase α from the replisome in yeast extracts. Our study provides proof-of-principle evidence for the development of small-molecule inhibitors of the human CTF4 orthologue AND-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuteng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Fabrizio Villa
- MRC protein phosphorylation and ubiquitylation unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Joseph Maman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Yu Heng Lau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.,Current address: School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney (Australia)
| | - Lina Dobnikar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Aline C Simon
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Karim Labib
- MRC protein phosphorylation and ubiquitylation unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - David R Spring
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Luca Pellegrini
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hu K, Sun C, Li Z. Reversible and Versatile On-Tether Modification of Chiral-Center-Induced Helical Peptides. Bioconjug Chem 2017. [PMID: 28650634 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Modification of the cross-linker of constrained peptides has recently received considerable attention. Here, we present a versatile approach to modifing the cross-linking tether of chiral-center-induced helical (CIH) peptides via the S-alkylation reaction. The alkylation process displayed high conversion efficiency, selectivity, and substrate tolerance. Notably, although on-tether S-alkylation could lead to a pair of peptide epimers, the major alkylated product retained the helical structure of its helical precursor peptide. This S-alkylation was readily reversible under reductive conditions, which provides a simple method for traceless modification. In addition to expanding the chemical space of CIH peptides, this strategy is the first on-tether modification platform with known retention of the peptides' original helicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Hu
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Chengjie Sun
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Zigang Li
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tran PT, Larsen CØ, Røndbjerg T, De Foresta M, Kunze MBA, Marek A, Løper JH, Boyhus LE, Knuhtsen A, Lindorff-Larsen K, Pedersen DS. Diversity-Oriented Peptide Stapling: A Third Generation Copper-Catalysed Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition Stapling and Functionalisation Strategy. Chemistry 2017; 23:3490-3495. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Thu Tran
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 2 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Christian Ørnbøl Larsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 2 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Tobias Røndbjerg
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 2 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Martina De Foresta
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 2 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Micha B. A. Kunze
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory; Department of Biology; University of Copenhagen; Ole Maaloes Vej 5 2200 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Ales Marek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Jacob Hartvig Løper
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 2 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Lotte-Emilie Boyhus
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 2 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Astrid Knuhtsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 2 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Kresten Lindorff-Larsen
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory; Department of Biology; University of Copenhagen; Ole Maaloes Vej 5 2200 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Daniel Sejer Pedersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 2 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wiedmann MM, Tan YS, Wu Y, Aibara S, Xu W, Sore HF, Verma CS, Itzhaki L, Stewart M, Brenton JD, Spring DR. Development of Cell-Permeable, Non-Helical Constrained Peptides to Target a Key Protein-Protein Interaction in Ovarian Cancer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:524-529. [PMID: 27918136 PMCID: PMC5291322 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
There is a lack of current treatment options for ovarian clear cell carcinoma (CCC) and the cancer is often resistant to platinum-based chemotherapy. Hence there is an urgent need for novel therapeutics. The transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor 1β (HNF1β) is ubiquitously overexpressed in CCC and is seen as an attractive therapeutic target. This was validated through shRNA-mediated knockdown of the target protein, HNF1β, in five high- and low-HNF1β-expressing CCC lines. To inhibit the protein function, cell-permeable, non-helical constrained proteomimetics to target the HNF1β-importin α protein-protein interaction were designed, guided by X-ray crystallographic data and molecular dynamics simulations. In this way, we developed the first reported series of constrained peptide nuclear import inhibitors. Importantly, this general approach may be extended to other transcription factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mareike M. Wiedmann
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeLi Ka Shing Centre, Robinson WayCambridgeCB2 0REUK
| | - Yaw Sing Tan
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and ResearchA*STAR30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 MatrixSingapore138671Singapore
| | - Yuteng Wu
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Shintaro Aibara
- SciLifeLabTomtebodavägen 23A171 65 SolnaStockholmSweden
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular BiologyFrancis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeCB2 0QHUK
| | - Wenshu Xu
- Department of PharmacologyTennis Court RoadCambridgeCB2 1PDUK
| | - Hannah F. Sore
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Chandra S. Verma
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and ResearchA*STAR30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 MatrixSingapore138671Singapore
- School of Biological SciencesNanyang Technological University60 Nanyang DriveSingapore637551Singapore
- Department of Biological SciencesNational University of Singapore14 Science Drive 4Singapore117543Singapore
| | - Laura Itzhaki
- Department of PharmacologyTennis Court RoadCambridgeCB2 1PDUK
| | - Murray Stewart
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular BiologyFrancis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeCB2 0QHUK
| | - James D. Brenton
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeLi Ka Shing Centre, Robinson WayCambridgeCB2 0REUK
| | - David R. Spring
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wiedmann MM, Tan YS, Wu Y, Aibara S, Xu W, Sore HF, Verma CS, Itzhaki L, Stewart M, Brenton JD, Spring DR. Development of Cell-Permeable, Non-Helical Constrained Peptides to Target a Key Protein-Protein Interaction in Ovarian Cancer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201609427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mareike M. Wiedmann
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute; University of Cambridge; Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way Cambridge CB2 0RE UK
| | - Yaw Sing Tan
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research; A*STAR; 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix Singapore 138671 Singapore
| | - Yuteng Wu
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Shintaro Aibara
- SciLifeLab; Tomtebodavägen 23A 171 65 Solna Stockholm Sweden
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology; Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Cambridge CB2 0QH UK
| | - Wenshu Xu
- Department of Pharmacology; Tennis Court Road Cambridge CB2 1PD UK
| | - Hannah F. Sore
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Chandra S. Verma
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research; A*STAR; 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix Singapore 138671 Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; 60 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637551 Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences; National University of Singapore; 14 Science Drive 4 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Laura Itzhaki
- Department of Pharmacology; Tennis Court Road Cambridge CB2 1PD UK
| | - Murray Stewart
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology; Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Cambridge CB2 0QH UK
| | - James D. Brenton
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute; University of Cambridge; Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way Cambridge CB2 0RE UK
| | - David R. Spring
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cromm PM, Wallraven K, Glas A, Bier D, Fürstner A, Ottmann C, Grossmann TN. Constraining an Irregular Peptide Secondary Structure through Ring-Closing Alkyne Metathesis. Chembiochem 2016; 17:1915-1919. [PMID: 27596722 PMCID: PMC5096054 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Macrocyclization can be used to constrain peptides in their bioactive conformations, thereby supporting target affinity and bioactivity. In particular, for the targeting of challenging protein-protein interactions, macrocyclic peptides have proven to be very useful. Available approaches focus on the stabilization of α-helices, which limits their general applicability. Here we report for the first time on the use of ring-closing alkyne metathesis for the stabilization of an irregular peptide secondary structure. A small library of alkyne-crosslinked peptides provided a number of derivatives with improved target affinity relative to the linear parent peptide. In addition, we report the crystal structure of the highest-affinity derivative in a complex with its protein target 14-3-3ζ. It can be expected that the alkyne-based macrocyclization of irregular binding epitopes should give rise to new scaffolds suitable for targeting of currently intractable proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp M Cromm
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Kerstin Wallraven
- VU University Amsterdam, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adrian Glas
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
- Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - David Bier
- Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
- University of Eindhoven, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Christian Ottmann
- University of Eindhoven, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Tom N Grossmann
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.
- VU University Amsterdam, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2014. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
26
|
Wei SJ, Chee S, Yurlova L, Lane D, Verma C, Brown C, Ghadessy F. Avoiding drug resistance through extended drug target interfaces: a case for stapled peptides. Oncotarget 2016; 7:32232-46. [PMID: 27057630 PMCID: PMC5078010 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer drugs often fail due to the emergence of clinical resistance. This can manifest through mutations in target proteins that selectively exclude drug binding whilst retaining aberrant function. A priori knowledge of resistance-inducing mutations is therefore important for both drug design and clinical surveillance. Stapled peptides represent a novel class of antagonists capable of inhibiting therapeutically relevant protein-protein interactions. Here, we address the important question of potential resistance to stapled peptide inhibitors. HDM2 is the critical negative regulator of p53, and is often overexpressed in cancers that retain wild-type p53 function. Interrogation of a large collection of randomly mutated HDM2 proteins failed to identify point mutations that could selectively abrogate binding by a stapled peptide inhibitor (PM2). In contrast, the same interrogation methodology has previously uncovered point mutations that selectively inhibit binding by Nutlin, the prototypical small molecule inhibitor of HDM2. Our results demonstrate both the high level of structural p53 mimicry employed by PM2 to engage HDM2, and the potential resilience of stapled peptide antagonists to mutations in target proteins. This inherent feature could reduce clinical resistance should this class of drugs enter the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siau Jia Wei
- P53 Laboratory (A*STAR), #06-04/05 Neuros, 138648, Singapore
| | - Sharon Chee
- P53 Laboratory (A*STAR), #06-04/05 Neuros, 138648, Singapore
| | | | - David Lane
- P53 Laboratory (A*STAR), #06-04/05 Neuros, 138648, Singapore
| | - Chandra Verma
- Bioinformatics Institute (A*STAR), 07-01 Matrix, 138671, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | | | - Farid Ghadessy
- P53 Laboratory (A*STAR), #06-04/05 Neuros, 138648, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Rezaei Araghi R, Keating AE. Designing helical peptide inhibitors of protein-protein interactions. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2016; 39:27-38. [PMID: 27123812 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Short helical peptides combine characteristics of small molecules and large proteins and provide an exciting area of opportunity in protein design. A growing number of studies report novel helical peptide inhibitors of protein-protein interactions. New techniques have been developed for peptide design and for chemically stabilizing peptides in a helical conformation, which frequently improves protease resistance and cell permeability. We summarize advances in peptide crosslinking chemistry and give examples of peptide design studies targeting coiled-coil transcription factors, Bcl-2 family proteins, MDM2/MDMX, and HIV gp41, among other targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Rezaei Araghi
- MIT Department of Biology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Amy E Keating
- MIT Department of Biology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; MIT Department of Biological Engineering, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wu Y, Olsen LB, Lau YH, Jensen CH, Rossmann M, Baker YR, Sore HF, Collins S, Spring DR. Development of a Multifunctional Benzophenone Linker for Peptide Stapling and Photoaffinity Labelling. Chembiochem 2016; 17:689-92. [PMID: 26919579 PMCID: PMC4862033 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Photoaffinity labelling is a useful method for studying how proteins interact with ligands and biomolecules, and can help identify and characterise new targets for the development of new therapeutics. We present the design and synthesis of a novel multifunctional benzophenone linker that serves as both a photo-crosslinking motif and a peptide stapling reagent. Using double-click stapling, we attached the benzophenone to the peptide via the staple linker, rather than by modifying the peptide sequence with a photo-crosslinking amino acid. When applied to a p53-derived peptide, the resulting photoreactive stapled peptide was able to preferentially crosslink with MDM2 in the presence of competing protein. This multifunctional linker also features an extra alkyne handle for downstream applications such as pull-down assays, and can be used to investigate the target selectivity of stapled peptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuteng Wu
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Lasse B Olsen
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Yu Heng Lau
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Claus Hatt Jensen
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Maxim Rossmann
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Ysobel R Baker
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Hannah F Sore
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Súil Collins
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - David R Spring
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Cromm PM, Schaubach S, Spiegel J, Fürstner A, Grossmann TN, Waldmann H. Orthogonal ring-closing alkyne and olefin metathesis for the synthesis of small GTPase-targeting bicyclic peptides. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11300. [PMID: 27075966 PMCID: PMC4834642 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bicyclic peptides are promising scaffolds for the development of inhibitors of biological targets that proved intractable by typical small molecules. So far, access to bioactive bicyclic peptide architectures is limited due to a lack of appropriate orthogonal ring-closing reactions. Here, we report chemically orthogonal ring-closing olefin (RCM) and alkyne metathesis (RCAM), which enable an efficient chemo- and regioselective synthesis of complex bicyclic peptide scaffolds with variable macrocycle geometries. We also demonstrate that the formed alkyne macrocycle can be functionalized subsequently. The orthogonal RCM/RCAM system was successfully used to evolve a monocyclic peptide inhibitor of the small GTPase Rab8 into a bicyclic ligand. This modified peptide shows the highest affinity for an activated Rab GTPase that has been reported so far. The RCM/RCAM-based formation of bicyclic peptides provides novel opportunities for the design of bioactive scaffolds suitable for the modulation of challenging protein targets. Bicyclic peptides can inhibit biological targets hard to address with small molecules. Here, the authors combine two orthogonal ring-closing reactions to produce bicyclic peptides with improved bioactivity thereby providing a strategy that can greatly improve the structural diversity of such peptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp M Cromm
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany.,Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät für Chemie and Chemische Biologie, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schaubach
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät für Chemie and Chemische Biologie, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Jochen Spiegel
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany.,Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät für Chemie and Chemische Biologie, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät für Chemie and Chemische Biologie, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Tom N Grossmann
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät für Chemie and Chemische Biologie, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany.,Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany.,Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät für Chemie and Chemische Biologie, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Coffey SB, Aspnes G, Londregan AT. Expedient Synthesis of N1-Substituted Triazole Peptidomimetics. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2015; 17:706-9. [PMID: 26562078 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.5b00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A general procedure for the rapid diversification of peptide scaffolds is described. A one-pot click reaction between a peptide-alkyne and a series of in situ generated aryl/alkyl azides affords novel N1-substituted triazole peptidomimetics. This transformation is of broad scope, operates under mild conditions, and is parallel chemical synthesis compatible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven B. Coffey
- Pfizer Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Gary Aspnes
- Pfizer Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
- Pfizer Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Allyn T. Londregan
- Pfizer Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Micewicz ED, Sharma S, Waring AJ, Luong HT, McBride WH, Ruchala P. Bridged Analogues for p53-Dependent Cancer Therapy Obtained by S-Alkylation. Int J Pept Res Ther 2015; 22:67-81. [PMID: 26957954 DOI: 10.1007/s10989-015-9487-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A small library of anticancer, cell-permeating, stapled peptides based on potent dual-specific antagonist of p53-MDM2/MDMX interactions, PMI-N8A, was synthesized, characterized and screened for anticancer activity against human colorectal cancer cell line, HCT-116. Employed synthetic modifications included: S-alkylation-based stapling, point mutations increasing hydrophobicity in key residues as well as improvement of cell-permeability by introduction of polycationic sequence(s) that were woven into the sequence of parental peptide. Selected analogue, ArB14Co, was also tested in vivo and exhibited potent anticancer bioactivity at the low dose (3.0 mg/kg). Collectively, our findings suggest that application of stapling in combination with rational design of polycationic short analogues may be a suitable approach in the development of physiologically active p53-MDM2/MDMX peptide inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa D Micewicz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Shantanu Sharma
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Alan J Waring
- Department of Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA, Medical Center, 1000 West Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Hai T Luong
- Department of Analytical Operations, Gilead Sciences, Inc., 4049 Avenida de la Plata, Oceanside CA, 92056, USA
| | - William H McBride
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Piotr Ruchala
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Pelay-Gimeno M, Glas A, Koch O, Grossmann TN. Structure-Based Design of Inhibitors of Protein-Protein Interactions: Mimicking Peptide Binding Epitopes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:8896-927. [PMID: 26119925 PMCID: PMC4557054 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201412070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 496] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are involved at all levels of cellular organization, thus making the development of PPI inhibitors extremely valuable. The identification of selective inhibitors is challenging because of the shallow and extended nature of PPI interfaces. Inhibitors can be obtained by mimicking peptide binding epitopes in their bioactive conformation. For this purpose, several strategies have been evolved to enable a projection of side chain functionalities in analogy to peptide secondary structures, thereby yielding molecules that are generally referred to as peptidomimetics. Herein, we introduce a new classification of peptidomimetics (classes A-D) that enables a clear assignment of available approaches. Based on this classification, the Review summarizes strategies that have been applied for the structure-based design of PPI inhibitors through stabilizing or mimicking turns, β-sheets, and helices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pelay-Gimeno
- Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck SocietyOtto-Hahn-Strasse 15, 44227 Dortmund (Germany) E-mail:
| | - Adrian Glas
- Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck SocietyOtto-Hahn-Strasse 15, 44227 Dortmund (Germany) E-mail:
| | - Oliver Koch
- TU Dortmund University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyOtto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund (Germany)
| | - Tom N Grossmann
- Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck SocietyOtto-Hahn-Strasse 15, 44227 Dortmund (Germany) E-mail:
- TU Dortmund University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyOtto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund (Germany)
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Pelay-Gimeno M, Glas A, Koch O, Grossmann TN. Strukturbasierte Entwicklung von Protein-Protein-Interaktionsinhibitoren: Stabilisierung und Nachahmung von Peptidliganden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201412070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
34
|
Lau YH, Wu Y, de Andrade P, Galloway WRJD, Spring DR. A two-component 'double-click' approach to peptide stapling. Nat Protoc 2015; 10:585-94. [PMID: 25763835 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2015.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Peptide cyclization is a useful strategy for the stabilization of short flexible peptides into well-defined bioactive conformations, thereby enhancing their ability to interact with proteins and other important biomolecules. We present an optimized procedure for the stabilization of linear diazido peptides in an α-helical conformation upon reaction with dialkynyl linkers under Cu(I) catalysis. As this procedure generates side chain-cyclized peptides bearing a bis-triazole linkage, it is referred to as 'double-click' stapling. Double-click stapling can enhance the binding affinity, proteolytic stability and cellular activity of a peptide inhibitor. A distinguishing feature of double-click stapling is the efficiency with which peptides bearing different staple linkages can be synthesized, thus allowing for modular control over peptide bioactivity. This protocol describes the double-click reaction between a 1,3-dialkynylbenzene linker and peptides that contain azidoornithine. Subsequent peptide purification and confirmation steps are also described. The entire double-click stapling protocol can be completed in ∼48 h, including two overnight lyophilization steps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Heng Lau
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yuteng Wu
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - David R Spring
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhang L, Navaratna T, Liao J, Thurber GM. Dual-purpose linker for alpha helix stabilization and imaging agent conjugation to glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor ligands. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:329-37. [PMID: 25594741 DOI: 10.1021/bc500584t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Peptides display many characteristics of efficient imaging agents such as rapid targeting, fast background clearance, and low non-specific cellular uptake. However, poor stability, low affinity, and loss of binding after labeling often preclude their use in vivo. Using glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) ligands exendin and GLP-1 as a model system, we designed a novel α-helix-stabilizing linker to simultaneously address these limitations. The stabilized and labeled peptides showed an increase in helicity, improved protease resistance, negligible loss or an improvement in binding affinity, and excellent in vivo targeting. The ease of incorporating azidohomoalanine in peptides and efficient reaction with the dialkyne linker enable this technique to potentially be used as a general method for labeling α helices. This strategy should be useful for imaging beta cells in diabetes research and in developing and testing other peptide targeting agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|