1
|
Bai G, Li D, Wang Y, Yi J, Xu K, Wang W, Li J, Tan G, Yu X. Challenging Aromaticity: Revealing a Thioesterase Domain in a Fungal Nonreducing Polyketide Synthase Governing the Production of 3-Methylene Isochromanone. Org Lett 2024; 26:6303-6308. [PMID: 38815056 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Thioesterase (TE) domain exerts a great influence over the structure of the final product and TE-released nonreduced polyketides (nrPKs) retain aromaticity. 3-Methylene isochromanones are lactones with a unique olefin at C3 that disrupts the aromaticity, whose biosynthetic details are speculative. Our study unveils the complete biosynthesis of ascochin, in which the construction of the 3-methylene isochromanone backbone is achieved by a nonreducing polyketide synthase (nrPKS) alone and two subsequent oxidations are involved. Intriguingly, the TEAscD serves as a gatekeeper to direct the product release toward formation of nonaromatic 3-methylene isochromanone, rather than the typical aromatic product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guitao Bai
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Li
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiale Yi
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangping Xu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxuan Wang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Guishan Tan
- Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Yu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Steinert K, Atanasoff-Kardjalieff AK, Messner E, Gorfer M, Niehaus EM, Humpf HU, Studt-Reinhold L, Kalinina SA. Tools to make Stachybotrys chartarum genetically amendable: Key to unlocking cryptic biosynthetic gene clusters. Fungal Genet Biol 2024; 172:103892. [PMID: 38636782 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2024.103892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The soil and indoor fungus Stachybotrys chartarum can induce respiratory disorders, collectively referred to as stachybotryotoxicosis, owing to its prolific production of diverse bioactive secondary metabolites (SMs) or mycotoxins. Although many of these toxins responsible for the harmful effects on animals and humans have been identified in the genus Stachybotrys, however a number of SMs remain elusive. Through in silico analyses, we have identified 37 polyketide synthase (PKS) genes, highlighting that the chemical profile potential of Stachybotrys is far from being fully explored. Additionally, by leveraging phylogenetic analysis of known SMs produced by non-reducing polyketide synthases (NR-PKS) in other filamentous fungi, we showed that Stachybotrys possesses a rich reservoir of untapped SMs. To unravel natural product biosynthesis in S. chartarum, genetic engineering methods are crucial. For this purpose, we have developed a reliable protocol for the genetic transformation of S. chartarum and applied it to the ScPKS14 biosynthetic gene cluster. This cluster is homologous to the already known Claviceps purpurea CpPKS8 BGC, responsible for the production of ergochromes. While no novel SMs were detected, we successfully applied genetic tools, such as the generation of deletionand overexpression strains of single cluster genes. This toolbox can now be readily employed to unravel not only this particular BGC but also other candidate BGCs present in S. chartarum, making this fungus accessible for genetic engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna K Atanasoff-Kardjalieff
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute of Microbial Genetics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Elias Messner
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute of Microbial Genetics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Markus Gorfer
- Center for Health and Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Tulln, Austria
| | - Eva-Maria Niehaus
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Humpf
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lena Studt-Reinhold
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute of Microbial Genetics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln an der Donau, Austria.
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tang J, Zhang Y, Matsuda Y. Production of non-natural 5-methylorsellinate-derived meroterpenoids in Aspergillus oryzae. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:638-644. [PMID: 38533468 PMCID: PMC10964032 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Fungal meroterpenoids are diverse structurally intriguing molecules with various biological properties. One large group within this compound class is derived from the aromatic precursor 3,5-dimethylorsellinic acid (DMOA). In this study, we constructed engineered metabolic pathways in the fungus Aspergillus oryzae to expand the molecular diversity of meroterpenoids. We employed the 5-methylorsellinic acid (5-MOA) synthase FncE and three additional biosynthetic enzymes for the formation of (6R,10'R)-epoxyfarnesyl-5-MOA methyl ester, which served as a non-native substrate for four terpene cyclases from DMOA-derived meroterpenoid pathways. As a result, we successfully generated six unnatural 5-MOA-derived meroterpenoid species, demonstrating the effectiveness of our approach in the generation of structural analogues of meroterpenoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Tang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yixiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yudai Matsuda
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Quan Z, Awakawa T. Recent developments in the engineered biosynthesis of fungal meroterpenoids. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:578-588. [PMID: 38505236 PMCID: PMC10949012 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Meroterpenoids are hybrid compounds that are partially derived from terpenoids. This group of natural products displays large structural diversity, and many members exhibit beneficial biological activities. This mini-review highlights recent advances in the engineered biosynthesis of meroterpenoid compounds with C15 and C20 terpenoid moieties, with the reconstruction of fungal meroterpenoid biosynthetic pathways in heterologous expression hosts and the mutagenesis of key enzymes, including terpene cyclases and α-ketoglutarate (αKG)-dependent dioxygenases, that contribute to the structural diversity. Notable progress in genome sequencing has led to the discovery of many novel genes encoding these enzymes, while continued efforts in X-ray crystallographic analyses of these enzymes and the invention of AlphaFold2 have facilitated access to their structures. Structure-based mutagenesis combined with applications of unnatural substrates has further diversified the catalytic repertoire of these enzymes. The information in this review provides useful knowledge for the design of biosynthetic machineries to produce a variety of bioactive meroterpenoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Quan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Awakawa
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang S, Li S, Chen Y, Wang Y, Liu Z, Zhang W, Deng H. A new phenylspirodrimane derivative from the deep-sea-derived fungus Stachybotrys chartarum FS705. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38251853 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2305197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
A new phenylspirodrimane derivative named stachybotrysin A (1), together with four known analogues (2-5) were isolated and purified from the solid culture of the deep-sea-derived Stachybotrys chartarum FS705. Their structures were determined by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis and the absolute configuration was evaluated by theoretical ECD calculations. Compounds 1-5 were evaluated for their cytotoxic, antibacterial and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. The results showed that compound 2 displayed mild cytotoxicity with IC50 values in the range of 8.88 ∼ 22.73 µM against four human tumour cell lines, SF-268, MCF-7, HepG-2, and A549. Compound 1 showed strong α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 20.68 µM. Compounds 4 and 5 exhibited weak antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, Guangdong, China
| | - Saini Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuchan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanlin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhaoming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, Guangdong, China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Geistodt-Kiener A, Totozafy JC, Le Goff G, Vergne J, Sakai K, Ouazzani J, Mouille G, Viaud M, O'Connell RJ, Dallery JF. Yeast-based heterologous production of the Colletochlorin family of fungal secondary metabolites. Metab Eng 2023; 80:216-231. [PMID: 37863177 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptomic studies have revealed that fungal pathogens of plants activate the expression of numerous biosynthetic gene clusters (BGC) exclusively when in presence of a living host plant. The identification and structural elucidation of the corresponding secondary metabolites remain challenging. The aim was to develop a polycistronic system for heterologous expression of fungal BGCs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here we adapted a polycistronic vector for efficient, seamless and cost-effective cloning of biosynthetic genes using in vivo assembly (also called transformation-assisted recombination) directly in Escherichia coli followed by heterologous expression in S. cerevisiae. Two vectors were generated with different auto-inducible yeast promoters and selection markers. The effectiveness of these vectors was validated with fluorescent proteins. As a proof-of-principle, we applied our approach to the Colletochlorin family of molecules. These polyketide secondary metabolites were known from the phytopathogenic fungus Colletotrichum higginsianum but had never been linked to their biosynthetic genes. Considering the requirement for a halogenase, and by applying comparative genomics, we identified a BGC putatively involved in the biosynthesis of Colletochlorins in C. higginsianum. Following the expression of those genes in S. cerevisiae, we could identify the presence of the precursor Orsellinic acid, Colletochlorins and their non-chlorinated counterparts, the Colletorins. In conclusion, the polycistronic vectors described herein were adapted for the host S. cerevisiae and allowed to link the Colletochlorin compound family to their corresponding biosynthetic genes. This system will now enable the production and purification of infection-specific secondary metabolites of fungal phytopathogens. More widely, this system could be applied to any fungal BGC of interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean Chrisologue Totozafy
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Géraldine Le Goff
- Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles ICSN, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Justine Vergne
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UR BIOGER, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Kaori Sakai
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UR BIOGER, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Jamal Ouazzani
- Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles ICSN, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Grégory Mouille
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Muriel Viaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UR BIOGER, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gao H, Zhou L, Zhang P, Wang Y, Qian X, Liu Y, Wu G. Filamentous Fungi-Derived Orsellinic Acid-Sesquiterpene Meroterpenoids: Fungal Sources, Chemical Structures, Bioactivities, and Biosynthesis. PLANTA MEDICA 2023; 89:1110-1124. [PMID: 37225133 DOI: 10.1055/a-2099-4932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Fungi-derived polyketide-terpenoid hybrids are important meroterpenoid natural products that possess diverse structure scaffolds with a broad spectrum of bioactivities. Herein, we focus on an ever-increasing group of meroterpenoids, orsellinic acid-sesquiterpene hybrids comprised of biosynthetic start unit orsellinic acid coupling to a farnesyl group or/and its modified cyclic products. The review entails the search of China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Web of Science, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and PubMed databases up to June 2022. The key terms include "orsellinic acid", "sesquiterpene", "ascochlorin", "ascofuranone", and "Ascochyta viciae", which are combined with the structures of "ascochlorin" and "ascofuranone" drawn by the Reaxys and Scifinder databases. In our search, these orsellinic acid-sesquiterpene hybrids are mainly produced by filamentous fungi. Ascochlorin was the first compound reported in 1968 and isolated from filamentous fungus Ascochyta viciae (synonym: Acremonium egyptiacum; Acremonium sclerotigenum); to date, 71 molecules are discovered from various filamentous fungi inhabiting in a variety of ecological niches. As typical representatives of the hybrid molecules, the biosynthetic pathway of ascofuranone and ascochlorin are discussed. The group of meroterpenoid hybrids exhibits a broad arrange of bioactivities, as highlighted by targeting hDHODH (human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase) inhibition, antitrypanosomal, and antimicrobial activities. This review summarizes the findings related to the structures, fungal sources, bioactivities, and their biosynthesis from 1968 to June 2022.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Gao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Luning Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Qian
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujia Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangwei Wu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tong MX, Duan YX, Zhang YD, Ye WY, Qin SY, Liu XZ, Chen GD, Lv JM, Hu D, Gao H. Identification of new bisabosqual-type meroterpenoids reveals non-enzymatic conversion of bisabosquals into seco-bisabosquals. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7141-7150. [PMID: 37608696 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01110k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Bisabosqual-type meroterpenoids are fungi-derived polyketide-terpenoid hybrids bearing a 2,3,3a,3a1,9,9a-hexahydro-1H-benzofuro[4,3,2-cde]chromene skeleton (6/6/6/5 ring system) or its seco-C-ring structure, and exhibit diverse bioactivities. Their unique structural architecture and impressive biological activities have led to considerable interest in discovering new analogues. However, to date, only nine analogues have been identified. Herein, we reported the isolation and identification of six new bisabosqual-type meroterpenoids stachybisbins C-H (1-6), together with one known compound bisabosqual C (7), from Stachybotrys bisbyi PYH05-7. Intriguingly, we found that 7, which contains the intact tetracyclic skeleton, can be non-enzymatically converted into its seco derivative stachybisbin I (8), unveiling the biosynthetic relationship between bisabosquals and seco-bisabosquals. Moreover, based on CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene disruption, we revealed that the three-gene cluster responsible for the formation of LL-Z1272β is associated with the biosynthesis of bisabosqual-type meroterpenoids, and then proposed a plausible route to 1-8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Xi Tong
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Yong-Xia Duan
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Ying-Dong Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Wan-Yi Ye
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Sheng-Ying Qin
- Clinical Experimental Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xing-Zhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Guo-Dong Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Jian-Ming Lv
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Dan Hu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
- Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hao Gao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Han H, Yu C, Qi J, Wang P, Zhao P, Gong W, Xie C, Xia X, Liu C. High-efficient production of mushroom polyketide compounds in a platform host Aspergillus oryzae. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:60. [PMID: 36998045 PMCID: PMC10064546 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02071-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orsellinic acid (2,4-dihydroxy-6-methylbenzoic acid, OA) and its structural analog o-Orsellinaldehyde, have become widely used intermediates in clinical drugs synthesis. Although the research on the biosynthesis of such compounds has made significant progress, due to the lack of suitable hosts, there is still far from the industrial production of such compounds based on synthetic biology. RESULTS With the help of genome mining, we found a polyketide synthase (PKS, HerA) in the genome of the Hericium erinaceus, which shares 60% amino acid sequence homology with ArmB from Armillaria mellea, an identified PKS capable of synthesizing OA. To characterize the function of HerA, we cloned herA and heterologously expressed it in Aspergillus oryzae, and successfully detected the production of OA. Subsequently, the introduction of an incomplete PKS (Pks5) from Ustilago maydis containing only three domains (AMP-ACP-R), which was into herA-containing A. oryzae, the resulted in the production of o-Orsellinaldehyde. Considering the economic value of OA and o-Orsellinaldehyde, we then optimized the yield of these compounds in A. oryzae. The screening showed that when maltose was used as carbon source, the yields of OA and o-Orsellinaldehyde were 57.68 mg/L and 15.71 mg/L respectively, while the yields were 340.41 mg/Kg and 84.79 mg/Kg respectively in rice medium for 10 days. CONCLUSIONS Herein, we successfully expressed the genes of basidiomycetes using A. oryzae heterologous host. As a fungus of ascomycetes, which not only correctly splices genes of basidiomycetes containing multiple introns, but also efficiently produces their metabolites. This study highlights that A. oryzae is an excellent host for the heterologous production of fungal natural products, and has the potential to become an efficient chassis for the production of basidiomycete secondary metabolites in synthetic biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Han
- Key Laboratory for Enzyme and Enzyme-Like Material Engineering of Heilongjiang, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chunyan Yu
- Key Laboratory for Enzyme and Enzyme-Like Material Engineering of Heilongjiang, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jianzhao Qi
- Key Laboratory for Enzyme and Enzyme-Like Material Engineering of Heilongjiang, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Pengchao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Enzyme and Enzyme-Like Material Engineering of Heilongjiang, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Peipei Zhao
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, Shandong, China
| | - Wenbing Gong
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205, Hunan, China
| | - Chunliang Xie
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205, Hunan, China
| | - Xuekui Xia
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, Shandong, China.
| | - Chengwei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Enzyme and Enzyme-Like Material Engineering of Heilongjiang, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Steinert K, Berg N, Kalinin DV, Jagels A, Würthwein EU, Humpf HU, Kalinina S. Semisynthetic Approach toward Biologically Active Derivatives of Phenylspirodrimanes from S. chartarum. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:45215-45230. [PMID: 36530258 PMCID: PMC9753195 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The phenylspirodrimanes (PSDs) from Stachybotrys chartarum represent a structurally diverse group of meroterpenoids, which, on the one hand, exhibit a structural exclusivity since their occurrence is not known for any other species and, on the other hand, offer access to chemically and biologically active compounds. In this study, phenylspirodrimanes 1-3 were isolated from S. chartarum and their water-mediated Cannizzaro-type transformation was investigated using quantum chemical DFT calculations substantiated by LC-MS and NMR experiments. Considering the inhibitory activity of PSDs against proteolytic enzymes and their modulatory effect on plasminogen, PSDs 1-3 were used as a starting material for the synthesis of their corresponding biologically active lactams. To access the library of the PSD derivatives and screen them against physiologically relevant serine proteases, a microscale semisynthetic approach was developed. This allowed us to generate the library of 35 lactams, some of which showed the inhibitory activity against physiologically relevant serine proteases such as thrombin, FXIIa, FXa, and trypsin. Among them, the agmatine-derived lactam 16 showed the highest inhibitory activity against plasma coagulation factors and demonstrated the anticoagulant activity in two plasma coagulation tests. The semisynthetic lactams were significantly less toxic compared to their parental natural PSDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Steinert
- Institut
für Lebensmittelchemie, Westfälische
Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 45, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Nina Berg
- Institut
für Lebensmittelchemie, Westfälische
Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 45, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dmitrii V. Kalinin
- Institut
für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Annika Jagels
- The
Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, St. Augustine, Florida 32080, United States
| | - Ernst-Ulrich Würthwein
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation (CMTC), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Humpf
- Institut
für Lebensmittelchemie, Westfälische
Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 45, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Svetlana Kalinina
- Institut
für Lebensmittelchemie, Westfälische
Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 45, 48149 Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Iwama R, Sasano Y, Hiramatsu T, Otake S, Suzuki E, Hasumi K. Amine-Regulated pri-SMTP Oxidation in SMTP Biosynthesis in Stachybotrys: Possible Implication in Nitrogen Acquisition. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8090975. [PMID: 36135700 PMCID: PMC9502257 DOI: 10.3390/jof8090975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
SMTP (the name SMTP is derived from Stachybotrys microspora triprenyl phenol) is a family of triprenyl phenol secondary metabolites from a black mold, Stachybotrys microspora. Some SMTP congeners exhibit anti-inflammatory and profibrinolytic activities that, in combination, contribute to the treatment of ischemic stroke. The final step in the SMTP biosynthesis is a non-enzymatic amine conjugation with an o-phthalaldehyde moiety of the precursor pre-SMTP, which can form adducts with proteins and nucleic acids. Thus, pre-SMTP formation should be a precisely regulated, rate-limiting step in the SMTP biosynthesis. To address the mechanism backing this regulation, we purified a metabolite that rapidly disappeared following amine feeding, identifying a novel compound, pri-SMTP. Furthermore, an enzyme, designated as pri-SMTP oxidase, responsible for pri-SMTP conversion to pre-SMTP, was purified. The formation of pri-SMTP, which is regulated by nitrogen and carbon nutrients, occurred in particular septate mycelia. Although pri-SMTP oxidase was expressed constitutively, the consumption of pri-SMTP was accelerated only when a primary amine was fed. Thus, SMTP biosynthesis is regulated by at least three mechanisms: (i) pri-SMTP formation affected by nutrients, (ii) the compartmentalization of pri-SMTP formation/storage, and (iii) amine-regulated pri-SMTP oxidation. Amine-regulated SMTP formation (i.e., amine-capturing with pre-SMTP) may play a role in the nitrogen acquisition/assimilation strategy in S. microspora, since pri-SMTP synthesis occurs on non-preferred nitrogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Iwama
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yu Sasano
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Taichi Hiramatsu
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Shinya Otake
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Eriko Suzuki
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Keiji Hasumi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Department of Research and Development, TMS Co., Fuchu, Tokyo 183-0055, Japan
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Winkler M, Ling JG. Biocatalytic carboxylate reduction – recent advances and new enzymes. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Margit Winkler
- Technische Universitat Graz Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology Petersgasse 14 8010 Graz AUSTRIA
| | - Jonathan Guyang Ling
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology 43600 Bangi MALAYSIA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ibrahim SRM, Choudhry H, Asseri AH, Elfaky MA, Mohamed SGA, Mohamed GA. Stachybotrys chartarum-A Hidden Treasure: Secondary Metabolites, Bioactivities, and Biotechnological Relevance. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:504. [PMID: 35628759 PMCID: PMC9144806 DOI: 10.3390/jof8050504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi are renowned as a fountainhead of bio-metabolites that could be employed for producing novel therapeutic agents, as well as enzymes with wide biotechnological and industrial applications. Stachybotrys chartarum (black mold) (Stachybotriaceae) is a toxigenic fungus that is commonly found in damp environments. This fungus has the capacity to produce various classes of bio-metabolites with unrivaled structural features, including cyclosporins, cochlioquinones, atranones, trichothecenes, dolabellanes, phenylspirodrimanes, xanthones, and isoindoline and chromene derivatives. Moreover, it is a source of various enzymes that could have variable biotechnological and industrial relevance. The current review highlights the formerly published data on S. chartarum, including its metabolites and their bioactivities, as well as industrial and biotechnological relevance dated from 1973 to the beginning of 2022. In this work, 215 metabolites have been listed and 138 references have been cited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrin R. M. Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Preparatory Year Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Hani Choudhry
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.C.); (A.H.A.)
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amer H. Asseri
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.C.); (A.H.A.)
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mahmoud A. Elfaky
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Shaimaa G. A. Mohamed
- Faculty of Dentistry, British University, El Sherouk City, Suez Desert Road, Cairo 11837, Egypt;
| | - Gamal A. Mohamed
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wei X, Wang WG, Matsuda Y. Branching and converging pathways in fungal natural product biosynthesis. Fungal Biol Biotechnol 2022; 9:6. [PMID: 35255990 PMCID: PMC8902786 DOI: 10.1186/s40694-022-00135-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIn nature, organic molecules with great structural diversity and complexity are synthesized by utilizing a relatively small number of starting materials. A synthetic strategy adopted by nature is pathway branching, in which a common biosynthetic intermediate is transformed into different end products. A natural product can also be synthesized by the fusion of two or more precursors generated from separate metabolic pathways. This review article summarizes several representative branching and converging pathways in fungal natural product biosynthesis to illuminate how fungi are capable of synthesizing a diverse array of natural products.
Collapse
|
15
|
Maphatsoe MM, Hashem C, Ling JG, Horvat M, Rumbold K, Bakar FDA, Winkler M. Characterization and Immobilization of Pycnoporus cinnabarinus Carboxylic Acid Reductase, PcCAR2. J Biotechnol 2021; 345:47-54. [PMID: 34954290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Carboxylic acid reductases (CARs) are well-known for their eminent selective one-step synthesis of carboxylic acids to aldehydes. To date, however, few CARs have been identified and characterized, especially from fungal sources. In this study, the CAR from the white rot fungus Pycnoporus cinnabarinus (PcCAR2) was expressed in Escherichia coli. PcCAR2's biochemical properties were explored in vitro after purification, revealing a melting temperature of 53°C, while the reaction temperature optimum was at 35°C. In the tested buffers, the enzyme showed a pH optimum of 6.0 and notably, a similar activity up to pH 7.5. PcCAR2 was immobilized to explore its potential as a recyclable biocatalyst. PcCAR2 showed no critical loss of activity after six cycles, with an average conversion to benzaldehyde of more than 85 percent per cycle. Immobilization yield and efficiency were 82% and 76%, respectively, on Ni-sepharose. Overall, our findings contribute to the characterization of a thermotolerant fungal CAR, and established a more sustainable use of the valuable biocatalyst.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masethabela Maria Maphatsoe
- Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, 2000 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Chiam Hashem
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Jonathan Guyang Ling
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Melissa Horvat
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Karl Rumbold
- Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, 2000 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Farah Diba Abu Bakar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Margit Winkler
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria; Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib GmbH), Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sweany RR, Mack BM, Moore GG, Gilbert MK, Cary JW, Lebar MD, Rajasekaran K, Damann Jr. KE. Genetic Responses and Aflatoxin Inhibition during Co-Culture of Aflatoxigenic and Non-Aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:794. [PMID: 34822579 PMCID: PMC8618995 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13110794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin is a carcinogenic mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus flavus. Non-aflatoxigenic (Non-tox) A. flavus isolates are deployed in corn fields as biocontrol because they substantially reduce aflatoxin contamination via direct replacement and additionally via direct contact or touch with toxigenic (Tox) isolates and secretion of inhibitory/degradative chemicals. To understand touch inhibition, HPLC analysis and RNA sequencing examined aflatoxin production and gene expression of Non-tox isolate 17 and Tox isolate 53 mono-cultures and during their interaction in co-culture. Aflatoxin production was reduced by 99.7% in 72 h co-cultures. Fewer than expected unique reads were assigned to Tox 53 during co-culture, indicating its growth and/or gene expression was inhibited in response to Non-tox 17. Predicted secreted proteins and genes involved in oxidation/reduction were enriched in Non-tox 17 and co-cultures compared to Tox 53. Five secondary metabolite (SM) gene clusters and kojic acid synthesis genes were upregulated in Non-tox 17 compared to Tox 53 and a few were further upregulated in co-cultures in response to touch. These results suggest Non-tox strains can inhibit growth and aflatoxin gene cluster expression in Tox strains through touch. Additionally, upregulation of other SM genes and redox genes during the biocontrol interaction demonstrates a potential role of inhibitory SMs and antioxidants as additional biocontrol mechanisms and deserves further exploration to improve biocontrol formulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca R. Sweany
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Regional Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA; (B.M.M.); (M.K.G.); (J.W.C.); (M.D.L.)
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA;
| | - Brian M. Mack
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Regional Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA; (B.M.M.); (M.K.G.); (J.W.C.); (M.D.L.)
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA;
| | - Geromy G. Moore
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Regional Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA; (B.M.M.); (M.K.G.); (J.W.C.); (M.D.L.)
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA;
| | - Matthew K. Gilbert
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Regional Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA; (B.M.M.); (M.K.G.); (J.W.C.); (M.D.L.)
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA;
| | - Jeffrey W. Cary
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Regional Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA; (B.M.M.); (M.K.G.); (J.W.C.); (M.D.L.)
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA;
| | - Matthew D. Lebar
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Regional Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA; (B.M.M.); (M.K.G.); (J.W.C.); (M.D.L.)
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA;
| | - Kanniah Rajasekaran
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Regional Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA; (B.M.M.); (M.K.G.); (J.W.C.); (M.D.L.)
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA;
| | - Kenneth E. Damann Jr.
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kim W, Liu R, Woo S, Kang KB, Park H, Yu YH, Ha HH, Oh SY, Yang JH, Kim H, Yun SH, Hur JS. Linking a Gene Cluster to Atranorin, a Major Cortical Substance of Lichens, through Genetic Dereplication and Heterologous Expression. mBio 2021; 12:e0111121. [PMID: 34154413 PMCID: PMC8262933 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01111-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The depside and depsidone series compounds of polyketide origin accumulate in the cortical or medullary layers of lichen thalli. Despite the taxonomic and ecological significance of lichen chemistry and its pharmaceutical potentials, there has been no single piece of genetic evidence linking biosynthetic genes to lichen substances. Thus, we systematically analyzed lichen polyketide synthases (PKSs) for categorization and identification of the biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) involved in depside/depsidone production. Our in-depth analysis of the interspecies PKS diversity in the genus Cladonia and a related Antarctic lichen, Stereocaulon alpinum, identified 45 BGC families, linking lichen PKSs to 15 previously characterized PKSs in nonlichenized fungi. Among these, we identified highly syntenic BGCs found exclusively in lichens producing atranorin (a depside). Heterologous expression of the putative atranorin PKS gene (coined atr1) yielded 4-O-demethylbarbatic acid, found in many lichens as a precursor compound, indicating an intermolecular cross-linking activity of Atr1 for depside formation. Subsequent introductions of tailoring enzymes into the heterologous host yielded atranorin, one of the most common cortical substances of macrolichens. Phylogenetic analysis of fungal PKS revealed that the Atr1 is in a novel PKS clade that included two conserved lichen-specific PKS families likely involved in biosynthesis of depsides and depsidones. Here, we provide a comprehensive catalog of PKS families of the genus Cladonia and functionally characterize a biosynthetic gene cluster from lichens, establishing a cornerstone for studying the genetics and chemical evolution of diverse lichen substances. IMPORTANCE Lichens play significant roles in ecosystem function and comprise about 20% of all known fungi. Polyketide-derived natural products accumulate in the cortical and medullary layers of lichen thalli, some of which play key roles in protection from biotic and abiotic stresses (e.g., herbivore attacks and UV irradiation). To date, however, no single lichen product has been linked to respective biosynthetic genes with genetic evidence. Here, we identified a gene cluster family responsible for biosynthesis of atranorin, a cortical substance found in diverse lichen species, by categorizing lichen polyketide synthase and reconstructing the atranorin biosynthetic pathway in a heterologous host. This study will help elucidate lichen secondary metabolism, harnessing the lichen's chemical diversity, hitherto obscured due to limited genetic information on lichens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wonyong Kim
- Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, South Korea
| | - Rundong Liu
- Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, South Korea
| | - Sunmin Woo
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyo Bin Kang
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Park
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Hyun Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, South Korea
- Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Ho Ha
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, South Korea
- Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, South Korea
| | - Seung-Yoon Oh
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Ji Ho Yang
- Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, South Korea
| | - Hangun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, South Korea
- Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Yun
- Department of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seoun Hur
- Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Awakawa T, Abe I. Reconstitution of Polyketide-Derived Meroterpenoid Biosynthetic Pathway in Aspergillus oryzae. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7060486. [PMID: 34208768 PMCID: PMC8235479 DOI: 10.3390/jof7060486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The heterologous gene expression system with Aspergillus oryzae as the host is an effective method to investigate fungal secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways for reconstruction to produce un-natural molecules due to its high productivity and genetic tractability. In this review, we focus on biosynthetic studies of fungal polyketide-derived meroterpenoids, a group of bioactive natural products, by means of the A. oryzae heterologous expression system. The heterologous expression methods and the biosynthetic reactions are described in detail for future prospects to create un-natural molecules via biosynthetic re-design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Awakawa
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.A.); (I.A.)
| | - Ikuro Abe
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.A.); (I.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bao YR, Feng HL, Yao XS. Stachybotranes A-D, phenylspirodrimanes from the wetland fungus Stachybotrys chartarum with cytotoxic activities. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:3894-3900. [PMID: 33899597 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1896510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Four new phenylspirodrimanes, stachybotranes A-D (1-4), along with seven known analogues (5-11), were isolated from the extract of a wetland fungal strain Stachybotrys chartarum DTH12-9. The structures of new compounds were determined by spectroscopic analyses, X-ray crystallographic analysis, and the CD analysis of the in situ formed [Rh2(OCOCF3)4] complex. Compounds 1-3, 5-8, and 10 were evaluated for in vitro cytotoxicity against five human cancer cell lines, HL-60, SMMC-7721, A-549, MCF-7, and SW-480. Compounds 1, 2, and 7 exhibited moderate cytotoxic potency against various human cancer cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ru Bao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Natural Products, Shenzhen Neptunus Medical Science and Technology Research Institute Co. LTD, Shenzhen, China
| | - Han-Lin Feng
- Institute of Natural Products, Shenzhen Neptunus Medical Science and Technology Research Institute Co. LTD, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin-Sheng Yao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hasumi K, Suzuki E. Impact of SMTP Targeting Plasminogen and Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase on Thrombolysis, Inflammation, and Ischemic Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:954. [PMID: 33477998 PMCID: PMC7835936 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stachybotrys microspora triprenyl phenol (SMTP) is a large family of small molecules derived from the fungus S. microspora. SMTP acts as a zymogen modulator (specifically, plasminogen modulator) that alters plasminogen conformation to enhance its binding to fibrin and subsequent fibrinolysis. Certain SMTP congeners exert anti-inflammatory effects by targeting soluble epoxide hydrolase. SMTP congeners with both plasminogen modulation activity and anti-inflammatory activity ameliorate various aspects of ischemic stroke in rodents and primates. A remarkable feature of SMTP efficacy is the suppression of hemorrhagic transformation, which is exacerbated by conventional thrombolytic treatments. No drug with such properties has been developed yet, and SMTP would be the first to promote thrombolysis but suppress disease-associated bleeding. On the basis of these findings, one SMTP congener is under clinical study and development. This review summarizes the discovery, mechanism of action, pharmacological activities, and development of SMTP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Hasumi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan;
- Division of Research and Development, TMS Co., Ltd., Tokyo 183-0023, Japan
| | - Eriko Suzuki
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan;
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Enzymology and biosynthesis of the orsellinic acid derived medicinal meroterpenoids. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2020; 69:52-59. [PMID: 33383296 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2020.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The advent of synthetic biology has yielded fruitful studies on orsellinic acid-derived meroterpenoids, which reportedly possess important biological activities. Genomics and transcriptomics have significantly accelerated the discovery of the biosynthetic genes for orsellinic acid-derived fungal and plant meroterpenoids. Subsequently, a well-developed heterologous host provides a convenient platform to generate a supply of useful natural products. Furthermore, in vitro reconstitution and genome editing tools have been increasingly employed as efficient means to fully understand the enzyme reaction mechanisms. With the knowledge of the biosynthetic machinery, combinatorial and engineered biosyntheses have yielded novel molecules with improved bioactivities. These studies will lay the foundation for the production of meroterpenoids with novel medicinal properties.
Collapse
|
22
|
Zheng L, Yang Y, Wang H, Fan A, Zhang L, Li SM. Ustethylin Biosynthesis Implies Phenethyl Derivative Formation in Aspergillus ustus. Org Lett 2020; 22:7837-7841. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liujuan Zheng
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Fachbereich Pharmazie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch Straße 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Yiling Yang
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Fachbereich Pharmazie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch Straße 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Haowen Wang
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Fachbereich Pharmazie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch Straße 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Aili Fan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, North Third Ring Road 15, Chaoyang District, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Shu-Ming Li
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Fachbereich Pharmazie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch Straße 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abe I. Nonheme Iron- and 2-Oxoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenases in Fungal Meroterpenoid Biosynthesis. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2020; 68:823-831. [PMID: 32879222 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c20-00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the recent progress in research on the non-heme Fe(II)- and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, which are involved in the biosynthesis of pharmaceutically important fungal meroterpenoids. This enzyme class activates a selective C-H bond of the substrate and catalyzes a wide range of chemical reactions, from simple hydroxylation to dynamic carbon skeletal rearrangements, thereby significantly contributing to the structural diversification and complexification of the molecules. Structure-function studies of these enzymes provide an excellent platform for the development of useful biocatalysts for synthetic biology to create novel molecules for future drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ikuro Abe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo.,Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ran H, Li SM. Fungal benzene carbaldehydes: occurrence, structural diversity, activities and biosynthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 38:240-263. [PMID: 32779678 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00026d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to April 2020Fungal benzene carbaldehydes with salicylaldehydes as predominant representatives carry usually hydroxyl groups, prenyl moieties and alkyl side chains. They are found in both basidiomycetes and ascomycetes as key intermediates or end products of various biosynthetic pathways and exhibit diverse biological and pharmacological activities. The skeletons of the benzene carbaldehydes are usually derived from polyketide pathways catalysed by iterative fungal polyketide synthases. The aldehyde groups are formed by direct PKS releasing, reduction of benzoic acids or oxidation of benzyl alcohols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huomiao Ran
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Fachbereich Pharmazie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Straße 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lin X, Xu H, Liu L, Li H, Gao Z. Draft genome sequence of Neonectria sp. DH2 isolated from Meconopsis grandis Prain in Tibet. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:346. [PMID: 32728513 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02345-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study, we report the high-quality draft genome sequence of Neonectria sp. DH2, an endophytic fungus isolated from Meconopsis grandis Prain in Tibet. The whole genome is about 45.8 Mbp, with a GC content of 53%. A total of 14,163 genes are predicted to encode proteins, and 557 of them are considered as unique, as no matches are found in five gene databases. A neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequences shows that Neonectria sp. DH2 was most closely related to Neonectria ramulariae. 47 biosynthetic gene clusters (BGC) were identified in Neonectria sp. DH2 genome, and only 5 BGCs shows significant similarities to previously reported BGCs. The presence of 42 unique BGCs in Neonectria sp. DH2 suggests that it has great potential to produce novel secondary metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Lin
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Hui Xu
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Lan Liu
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000 China
| | - Huixian Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Zhizeng Gao
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000 China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Liu D, Li Y, Guo X, Ji W, Lin W. Chartarlactams Q-T, Dimeric Phenylspirodrimanes with Antibacterial and Antiviral Activities. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e2000170. [PMID: 32289204 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Four new phenylspirodrimane-type dimers, namely chartarlactams Q-T, along with stachyin B were isolated from the fermentation broth of a sponge-derived fungus Stachybotrys chartarum WGC-25 C-6. Chartarlactams Q-T were structurally featured by the dimerization of two units of phenylspirodrimane linked by a C-N bond. Their structures were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, while quantum ECD calculation and modified Mosher's method were used for the assignment of absolute configurations. Chartarlactams Q-S and stachyin B showed moderate inhibition against bacterial pathogen Staphylococcus aureus with MIC values ranging from 4 μg/mL to 16 μg/mL, and chartarlactam T exhibited significant inhibition toward ZIKV virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Institute of Ocean Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Institute of Ocean Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Xingchen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Institute of Ocean Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ji
- Basic Medical School, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Wenhan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Institute of Ocean Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Nies J, Ran H, Wohlgemuth V, Yin WB, Li SM. Biosynthesis of the Prenylated Salicylaldehyde Flavoglaucin Requires Temporary Reduction to Salicyl Alcohol for Decoration before Reoxidation to the Final Product. Org Lett 2020; 22:2256-2260. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Nies
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Straße 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Huomiao Ran
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Straße 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Viola Wohlgemuth
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Straße 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Wen-Bing Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology and CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shu-Ming Li
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Straße 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ling JG, Mansor MH, Abdul Murad AM, Mohd Khalid R, Quay DHX, Winkler M, Abu Bakar FD. A functionally-distinct carboxylic acid reductase PcCAR4 unearthed from a repertoire of type IV CARs in the white-rot fungus Pycnoporus cinnabarinus. J Biotechnol 2020; 307:55-62. [PMID: 31545972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Carboxylic acid reductases (CARs) are attracting burgeoning attention as biocatalysts for organic synthesis of aldehydes and their follow-up products from economic carboxylic acid precursors. The CAR enzyme class as a whole, however, is still poorly understood. To date, relatively few CAR sequences have been reported, especially from fungal sources. Here, we sought to increase the diversity of the CAR enzyme class. Six new CAR sequences from the white-rot fungus Pycnoporus cinnabarinus were identified from genome-wide mining. Genome and gene clustering analysis suggests that these PcCAR enzymes play different natural roles in Basidiomycete systems, compared to their type II Ascomycete counterparts. The cDNA sequences of all six Pccar genes were deduced and analysis of their corresponding amino acid sequence showed that they encode for proteins of similar properties that possess a conserved modular functional tri-domain arrangement. Phylogenetic analyses showed that all PcCAR enzymes cluster together with the other type IV CARs. One candidate, PcCAR4, was cloned and over-expressed recombinantly in Escherichia coli. Subsequent biotransformation-based screening with a panel of structurally-diverse carboxylic acid substrates suggest that PcCAR4 possessed a more pronounced substrate specificity compared to previously reported CARs, preferring to reduce sterically-rigid carboxylic acids such as benzoic acid. These findings thus present a new functionally-distinct member of the CAR enzyme class.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Guyang Ling
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Hawari Mansor
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Munir Abdul Murad
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rozida Mohd Khalid
- School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Doris Huai Xia Quay
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Margit Winkler
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria; Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib GmbH), Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Farah Diba Abu Bakar
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Liu J, Jia X, Zhao J, Feng J, Chen M, Chen R, Xie K, Chen D, Li Y, Zhang D, Peng Y, Si S, Dai J. Bistachybotrysins L–V, bioactive phenylspirodrimane dimers from the fungus Stachybotrys chartarum. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo01284b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bistachybotrysins L–V (1–11), eleven novel dimeric phenylspirodrimanes, were isolated from the fungus Stachybotrys chartarum CGMCC 3.5365.
Collapse
|
30
|
Carboxylic acid reductases in metabolic engineering. J Biotechnol 2020; 307:1-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
31
|
Horvat M, Fritsche S, Kourist R, Winkler M. Characterization of Type IV Carboxylate Reductases (CARs) for Whole Cell-Mediated Preparation of 3-Hydroxytyrosol. ChemCatChem 2019; 11:4171-4181. [PMID: 31681448 PMCID: PMC6813634 DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201900333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Fragrance and flavor industries could not imagine business without aldehydes. Processes for their commercial production raise environmental and ecological concerns. The chemical reduction of organic acids to aldehydes is challenging. To fulfill the demand of a mild and selective reduction of carboxylic acids to aldehydes, carboxylic acid reductases (CARs) are gaining importance. We identified two new subtype IV fungal CARs from Dichomitus squalens CAR (DsCAR) and Trametes versicolor CAR (Tv2CAR) in addition to literature known Trametes versicolor CAR (TvCAR). Expression levels were improved by the co-expression of GroEL-GroES with either the trigger factor or the DnaJ-DnaK-GrpE system. Investigation of the substrate scope of the three enzymes revealed overlapping substrate-specificities. Tv2CAR and DsCAR showed a preferred pH range of 7.0 to 8.0 in bicine buffer. TvCAR showed highest activity at pH 6.5 to 7.5 in MES buffer and slightly reduced activity at pH 6.0 or 8.0. TvCAR appeared to tolerate a wider pH range without significant loss of activity. Type IV fungal CARs optimal temperature was in the range of 25-35 °C. TvCAR showed a melting temperature (Tm) of 55 °C indicating higher stability compared to type III and the other type IV fungal CARs (Tm 51-52 °C). Finally, TvCAR was used as the key enzyme for the bioreduction of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid to the antioxidant 3-hydroxytyrosol (3-HT) and gave 58 mM of 3-HT after 24 h, which correlates to a productivity of 0.37 g L-1 h-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Horvat
- acib – Austrian Center of Industrial BiotechnologyPetersgasse 148010GrazAustria
| | - Susanne Fritsche
- acib – Austrian Center of Industrial BiotechnologyPetersgasse 148010GrazAustria
| | - Robert Kourist
- Institute of Molecular BiotechnologyGraz University of TechnologyPetersgasse 148010GrazAustria
| | - Margit Winkler
- acib – Austrian Center of Industrial BiotechnologyPetersgasse 148010GrazAustria
- Institute of Molecular BiotechnologyGraz University of TechnologyPetersgasse 148010GrazAustria
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Tee KL, Xu JH, Wong TS. Protein engineering for bioreduction of carboxylic acids. J Biotechnol 2019; 303:53-64. [PMID: 31325477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Carboxylic acids (CAs) are widespread in Nature. A prominent example is fatty acids, a major constituent of lipids. CAs are potentially economical precursors for bio-based products such as bio-aldehydes and bio-alcohols. However, carboxylate reduction is a challenging chemical transformation due to the thermodynamic stability of carboxylate. Carboxylic acid reductases (CARs), found in bacteria and fungi, offer a good solution to this challenge. These enzymes catalyse the NADPH- and ATP-dependent reduction of aliphatic and aromatic CAs. This review summarised all the protein engineering work that has been done on these versatile biocatalysts to date. The intricate catalytic mechanism and structure of CARs prompted us to first examine their domain architecture to facilitate the subsequent discussion of various protein engineering strategies. This then led to a survey of assays to detect aldehyde formation and to monitor aldenylation activity. Strategies for NADPH and ATP regeneration were also incorporated, as they are deemed vital to developing preparative-scale biocatalytic process and high-throughput screening systems. The objectives of the review are to consolidate CAR engineering research, stimulate interest, discussion or debate, and advance the field of bioreduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Lan Tee
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering and Advanced Biomanufacturing Centre, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Jian-He Xu
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Tuck Seng Wong
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering and Advanced Biomanufacturing Centre, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Araki Y, Awakawa T, Matsuzaki M, Cho R, Matsuda Y, Hoshino S, Shinohara Y, Yamamoto M, Kido Y, Inaoka DK, Nagamune K, Ito K, Abe I, Kita K. Complete biosynthetic pathways of ascofuranone and ascochlorin in Acremonium egyptiacum. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:8269-8274. [PMID: 30952781 PMCID: PMC6486709 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1819254116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascofuranone (AF) and ascochlorin (AC) are meroterpenoids produced by various filamentous fungi, including Acremonium egyptiacum (synonym: Acremonium sclerotigenum), and exhibit diverse physiological activities. In particular, AF is a promising drug candidate against African trypanosomiasis and a potential anticancer lead compound. These compounds are supposedly biosynthesized through farnesylation of orsellinic acid, but the details have not been established. In this study, we present all of the reactions and responsible genes for AF and AC biosyntheses in A. egyptiacum, identified by heterologous expression, in vitro reconstruction, and gene deletion experiments with the aid of a genome-wide differential expression analysis. Both pathways share the common precursor, ilicicolin A epoxide, which is processed by the membrane-bound terpene cyclase (TPC) AscF in AC biosynthesis. AF biosynthesis branches from the precursor by hydroxylation at C-16 by the P450 monooxygenase AscH, followed by cyclization by a membrane-bound TPC AscI. All genes required for AC biosynthesis (ascABCDEFG) and a transcriptional factor (ascR) form a functional gene cluster, whereas those involved in the late steps of AF biosynthesis (ascHIJ) are present in another distantly located cluster. AF is therefore a rare example of fungal secondary metabolites requiring multilocus biosynthetic clusters, which are likely to be controlled by the single regulator, AscR. Finally, we achieved the selective production of AF in A. egyptiacum by genetically blocking the AC biosynthetic pathway; further manipulation of the strain will lead to the cost-effective mass production required for the clinical use of AF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Araki
- Research and Development Division, Kikkoman Corporation, Noda City, Chiba 278-0037, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Awakawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Motomichi Matsuzaki
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki City, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Rihe Cho
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yudai Matsuda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shotaro Hoshino
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Shinohara
- Research and Development Division, Kikkoman Corporation, Noda City, Chiba 278-0037, Japan
| | - Masaichi Yamamoto
- Institute of Mitochondrial Science Company, Ltd., Tokyo 176-0025, Japan
| | - Yasutoshi Kido
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Institute of Mitochondrial Science Company, Ltd., Tokyo 176-0025, Japan
- Department of Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
- Research Center for Infectious Disease Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Daniel Ken Inaoka
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki City, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
- Department of Host-Defense Biochemistry, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Kisaburo Nagamune
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Kotaro Ito
- Research and Development Division, Kikkoman Corporation, Noda City, Chiba 278-0037, Japan
| | - Ikuro Abe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Kita
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki City, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
- Department of Host-Defense Biochemistry, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Feng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Qian Wei
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Changhua Hu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Quan Z, Awakawa T, Wang D, Hu Y, Abe I. Multidomain P450 Epoxidase and a Terpene Cyclase from the Ascochlorin Biosynthetic Pathway in Fusarium sp. Org Lett 2019; 21:2330-2334. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Quan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Awakawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1,
Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 135, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Yue Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 135, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Ikuro Abe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1,
Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhang M, Feng J, Jia X, Zhao J, Liu J, Chen R, Xie K, Chen D, Li Y, Zhang D, Dai J. Bistachybotrysins D and E, one stereoisomeric pair of cytotoxic phenylspirodrimane dimers from Stachybotrys chartarum. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2018.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
37
|
He Y, Wang B, Chen W, Cox RJ, He J, Chen F. Recent advances in reconstructing microbial secondary metabolites biosynthesis in Aspergillus spp. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:739-783. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
38
|
Jagels A, Hövelmann Y, Zielinski A, Esselen M, Köhler J, Hübner F, Humpf HU. Stachybotrychromenes A-C: novel cytotoxic meroterpenoids from Stachybotrys sp. Mycotoxin Res 2018; 34:179-185. [PMID: 29549547 PMCID: PMC6061235 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-018-0312-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In the course of gaining new insights into the secondary metabolite profile of various Stachybotrys strains, in particular concerning triprenyl phenol-like compounds, so far, unknown metabolites with analogous structural features were discovered. Three novel meroterpenoids containing a chromene ring moiety, namely stachybotrychromenes A–C, were isolated from solid culture of the filamentous fungus Stachybotrys chartarum DSMZ 12880 (chemotype S). Their structures were elucidated by means of comprehensive spectroscopic analysis (1D and 2D NMR, ESI-HRMS, and CD) as well as by comparison with spectroscopic data of structural analogues described in literature. Stachybotrychromenes A and B exhibited moderate cytotoxic effects on HepG2 cells after 24 h with corresponding IC50 values of 73.7 and 28.2 μM, respectively. Stachybotrychromene C showed no significant cytotoxic activity up to 100 μM. Moreover, it is noteworthy that stachybotrychromenes A–C are produced not only by S. chartarum chemotype S but also S. chartarum chemotype A and Stachybotrys chlorohalonata.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annika Jagels
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 45, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Yannick Hövelmann
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 45, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexa Zielinski
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 45, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Melanie Esselen
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 45, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Jens Köhler
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 48, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Florian Hübner
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 45, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Humpf
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 45, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Li W, Fan A, Wang L, Zhang P, Liu Z, An Z, Yin WB. Asperphenamate biosynthesis reveals a novel two-module NRPS system to synthesize amino acid esters in fungi. Chem Sci 2018; 9:2589-2594. [PMID: 29719714 PMCID: PMC5897882 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc02396k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino acid esters are a group of structurally diverse natural products with distinct activities. Some are synthesized through an inter-molecular esterification step catalysed by nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS). In bacteria, the formation of the intra-molecular ester bond is usually catalysed by a thioesterase domain of NRPS. However, the mechanism by which fungal NRPSs perform this process remains unclear. Herein, by targeted gene disruption in Penicillium brevicompactum and heterologous expression in Aspergillus nidulans, we show that two NRPSs, ApmA and ApmB, are sufficient for the synthesis of an amino acid ester, asperphenamate. Using the heterologous expression system, we identified that ApmA, with a reductase domain, rarely generates dipeptidyl alcohol. In contrast, ApmB was determined to not only catalyse inter-molecular ester bond formation but also accept the linear dipeptidyl precursor into the NRPS chain. The mechanism described here provides an approach for the synthesis of new small molecules with NRPS as the catalyst. Our study reveals for the first time a two-module NRPS system for the formation of amino acid esters in nature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology , Institute of Microbiology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100101 Beijing , China .
- Savaid Medical School , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100049 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines , Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , 100050 , China
| | - Aili Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology , Institute of Microbiology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100101 Beijing , China .
| | - Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology , Institute of Microbiology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100101 Beijing , China .
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology , Institute of Microbiology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100101 Beijing , China .
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology , Institute of Microbiology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100101 Beijing , China .
| | - Zhiqiang An
- Texas Therapeutics Institute , The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine , University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston , Texas 77030 , USA
| | - Wen-Bing Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology , Institute of Microbiology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100101 Beijing , China .
- Savaid Medical School , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100049 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines , Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , 100050 , China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Stolterfoht H, Steinkellner G, Schwendenwein D, Pavkov-Keller T, Gruber K, Winkler M. Identification of Key Residues for Enzymatic Carboxylate Reduction. Front Microbiol 2018. [PMID: 29515539 PMCID: PMC5826065 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Carboxylate reductases (CARs, E.C. 1.2.1.30) generate aldehydes from their corresponding carboxylic acid with high selectivity. Little is known about the structure of CARs and their catalytically important amino acid residues. The identification of key residues for carboxylate reduction provides a starting point to gain deeper understanding of enzymatic carboxylate reduction. A multiple sequence alignment of CARs with confirmed activity recently identified in our lab and from the literature revealed a fingerprint of conserved amino acids. We studied the function of conserved residues by multiple sequence alignments and mutational replacements of these residues. In this study, single-site alanine variants of Neurospora crassa CAR were investigated to determine the contribution of conserved residues to the function, expressability or stability of the enzyme. The effect of amino acid replacements was investigated by analyzing enzymatic activity of the variants in vivo and in vitro. Supported by molecular modeling, we interpreted that five of these residues are essential for catalytic activity, or substrate and co-substrate binding. We identified amino acid residues having significant impact on CAR activity. Replacement of His 237, Glu 433, Ser 595, Tyr 844, and Lys 848 by Ala abolish CAR activity, indicating their key role in acid reduction. These results may assist in the functional annotation of CAR coding genes in genomic databases. While some other conserved residues decreased activity or had no significant impact, four residues increased the specific activity of NcCAR variants when replaced by alanine. Finally, we showed that NcCAR wild-type and mutants efficiently reduce aliphatic acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Holly Stolterfoht
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria.,Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria
| | - Georg Steinkellner
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria.,Structural Biology, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Tea Pavkov-Keller
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria.,Structural Biology, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Karl Gruber
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria.,Structural Biology, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Margit Winkler
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria.,Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zhao J, Feng J, Tan Z, Liu J, Zhang M, Chen R, Xie K, Chen D, Li Y, Chen X, Dai J. Bistachybotrysins A–C, three phenylspirodrimane dimers with cytotoxicity from Stachybotrys chartarum. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:355-359. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
42
|
Carboxylic acid reductase enzymes (CARs). Curr Opin Chem Biol 2017; 43:23-29. [PMID: 29127833 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Carboxylate reductases (CARs) are emerging as valuable catalysts for the selective one-step reduction of carboxylic acids to their corresponding aldehydes. The substrate scope of CARs is exceptionally broad and offers potential for their application in diverse synthetic processes. Two major fields of application are the preparation of aldehydes as end products for the flavor and fragrance sector and the integration of CARs in cascade reactions with aldehydes as the key intermediates. The latest applications of CARs are dominated by in vivo cascades and chemo-enzymatic reaction sequences. The challenge to fully exploit product selectivity is discussed. Recent developments in the characterization of CARs are summarized, with a focus on aspects related to the domain architecture and protein sequences of CAR enzymes.
Collapse
|
43
|
Stolterfoht H, Schwendenwein D, Sensen CW, Rudroff F, Winkler M. Four distinct types of E.C. 1.2.1.30 enzymes can catalyze the reduction of carboxylic acids to aldehydes. J Biotechnol 2017; 257:222-232. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
44
|
Producing Novel Fibrinolytic Isoindolinone Derivatives in Marine Fungus Stachybotrys longispora FG216 by the Rational Supply of Amino Compounds According to Its Biosynthesis Pathway. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15070214. [PMID: 28678182 PMCID: PMC5532656 DOI: 10.3390/md15070214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Many fungi in the Stachybotrys genus can produce various isoindolinone derivatives. These compounds are formed by a spontaneous reaction between a phthalic aldehyde precursor and an ammonium ion or amino compounds. In this study, we suggested the isoindolinone biosynthetic gene cluster in Stachybotrys by genome mining based on three reported core genes. Remarkably, there is an additional nitrate reductase (NR) gene copy in the proposed cluster. NR is the rate-limiting enzyme of nitrate reduction. Accordingly, this cluster was speculated to play a role in the balance of ammonium ion concentration in Stachybotrys. Ammonium ions can be replaced by different amino compounds to create structural diversity in the biosynthetic process of isoindolinone. We tested a rational supply of amino compounds ((±)-3-amino-2-piperidinone, glycine, and l-threonine) in the culture of an isoindolinone high-producing marine fungus, Stachybotrys longispora FG216. As a result, we obtained four new kinds of isoindolinone derivatives (FGFC4–GFC7) by this method. Furthermore, high yields of FGFC4–FGFC7 confirmed the outstanding production capacity of FG216. Among the four new isoindolinone derivatives, FGFC6 and FGFC7 showed promising fibrinolytic activities. The knowledge of biosynthesis pathways may be an important attribute for the discovery of novel bioactive marine natural products.
Collapse
|
45
|
Zhao J, Feng J, Tan Z, Liu J, Zhao J, Chen R, Xie K, Zhang D, Li Y, Yu L, Chen X, Dai J. Stachybotrysins A-G, Phenylspirodrimane Derivatives from the Fungus Stachybotrys chartarum. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:1819-1826. [PMID: 28530828 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Seven new phenylspirodrimane derivatives named stachybotrysins A-G (2-8), together with five known compounds (1, 9-12), were isolated from Stachybotrys chartarum CGMCC 3.5365. Stachybotrysin D (5) is the first reported example of a naturally occurring alcoholic O-sulfation of a phenylspirodrimane, and stachybotrysins F and G (7 and 8) are the first examples possessing an isobenzotetrahydrofuran ring with an acetonyl moiety attached. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic data analysis and by comparison with reported data. The absolute configurations of 1-8 were determined by X-ray single-crystal diffraction, electronic circular dichroism (ECD), and calculated ECD. Compounds 1 and 8 displayed anti-HIV activity with IC50 values of 15.6 and 18.1 μM, respectively, and 2, 7, 9, and 11 showed inhibitory effect on influenza A virus with IC50 values ranging from 12.4 to 18.9 μM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinlian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, §Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Institute of Materia Medica, and ‡Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiamin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, §Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Institute of Materia Medica, and ‡Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, §Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Institute of Materia Medica, and ‡Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Jimei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, §Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Institute of Materia Medica, and ‡Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, §Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Institute of Materia Medica, and ‡Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Ridao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, §Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Institute of Materia Medica, and ‡Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Kebo Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, §Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Institute of Materia Medica, and ‡Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Dewu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, §Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Institute of Materia Medica, and ‡Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, §Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Institute of Materia Medica, and ‡Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, §Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Institute of Materia Medica, and ‡Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, §Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Institute of Materia Medica, and ‡Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Jungui Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, §Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Institute of Materia Medica, and ‡Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Okada M, Saito K, Wong CP, Li C, Wang D, Iijima M, Taura F, Kurosaki F, Awakawa T, Abe I. Combinatorial Biosynthesis of (+)-Daurichromenic Acid and Its Halogenated Analogue. Org Lett 2017; 19:3183-3186. [PMID: 28541042 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Daurichromenic acid is a meroterpenoid with various pharmacological activities that is biosynthesized from grifolic acid in Rhododendron dauricum. Heterologous expression of grifolic acid synthases from Stachybotrys bisbyi and a daurichromenic acid synthase from R. dauricum in Aspergillus oryzae mediated three-step combinatorial biosynthesis of (+)-daurichromenic acid through enantioselective 6-endo-trig cyclization. Additional introduction of a halogenase from Fusarium sp. into the strain resulted in the biosynthesis of (+)-5-chlorodaurichromenic acid, which exceeds the antibacterial activity of the original compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Okada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kai Saito
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Chin Piow Wong
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Chang Li
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Miu Iijima
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of Toyama , Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Futoshi Taura
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of Toyama , Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Fumiya Kurosaki
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of Toyama , Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Awakawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ikuro Abe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Schwendenwein D, Fiume G, Weber H, Rudroff F, Winkler M. Selective Enzymatic Transformation to Aldehydes in vivo by Fungal Carboxylate Reductase from Neurospora crassa. Adv Synth Catal 2016; 358:3414-3421. [PMID: 27917101 PMCID: PMC5129534 DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201600914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The enzymatic reduction of carboxylic acids is in its infancy with only a handful of biocatalysts available to this end. We have increased the spectrum of carboxylate‐reducing enzymes (CARs) with the sequence of a fungal CAR from Neurospora crassa OR74A (NcCAR). NcCAR was efficiently expressed in E. coli using an autoinduction protocol at low temperature. It was purified and characterized in vitro, revealing a broad substrate acceptance, a pH optimum at pH 5.5–6.0, a Tm of 45 °C and inhibition by the co‐product pyrophosphate which can be alleviated by the addition of pyrophosphatase. The synthetic utility of NcCAR was demonstrated in a whole‐cell biotransformation using the Escherichia coli K‐12 MG1655 RARE strain in order to suppress overreduction to undesired alcohol. The fragrance compound piperonal was prepared from piperonylic acid (30 mM) on gram scale in 92 % isolated yield in >98% purity. This corresponds to a productivity of 1.5 g/L/h. ![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuseppe Fiume
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology Graz University of Technology NAWI Graz Petersgasse 14 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Hansjörg Weber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Graz University of Technology NAWI Graz Stremayrgasse 9 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Florian Rudroff
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry TU Wien Getreidemarkt 9/OC-163 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Margit Winkler
- acib GmbH Petersgasse 14 8010 Graz Austria; Institute of Molecular Biotechnology Graz University of Technology NAWI Graz Petersgasse 14 8010 Graz Austria
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Yin Y, Cai M, Zhou X, Li Z, Zhang Y. Polyketides in Aspergillus terreus: biosynthesis pathway discovery and application. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:7787-98. [PMID: 27455860 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7733-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge of biosynthesis gene clusters, production improving methods, and bioactivity mechanisms is very important for the development of filamentous fungi metabolites. Metabolic engineering and heterologous expression methods can be applied to improve desired metabolite production, when their biosynthesis pathways have been revealed. And, stable supplement is a necessary basis of bioactivity mechanism discovery and following clinical trial. Aspergillus terreus is an outstanding producer of many bioactive agents, and a large part of them are polyketides. In this review, we took polyketides from A. terreus as examples, focusing on 13 polyketide synthase (PKS) genes in A. terreus NIH 2624 genome. The biosynthesis pathways of nine PKS genes have been reported, and their downstream metabolites are lovastatin, terreic acid, terrein, geodin, terretonin, citreoviridin, and asperfuranone, respectively. Among them, lovastatin is a well-known hypolipidemic agent. Terreic acid, terrein, citreoviridin, and asperfuranone show good bioactivities, especially anticancer activities. On the other hand, geodin and terretonin are mycotoxins. So, biosynthesis gene cluster information is important for the production or elimination of them. We also predicted three possible gene clusters that contain four PKS genes by homologous gene alignment with other Aspergillus strains. We think that this is an effective way to mine secondary metabolic gene clusters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Menghao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xiangshan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yuanxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China. .,Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Zeilinger S, Gruber S, Bansal R, Mukherjee PK. Secondary metabolism in Trichoderma – Chemistry meets genomics. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
50
|
Taura F, Iijima M, Yamanaka E, Takahashi H, Kenmoku H, Saeki H, Morimoto S, Asakawa Y, Kurosaki F, Morita H. A Novel Class of Plant Type III Polyketide Synthase Involved in Orsellinic Acid Biosynthesis from Rhododendron dauricum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1452. [PMID: 27729920 PMCID: PMC5037138 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Rhododendron dauricum L. produces daurichromenic acid, the anti-HIV meroterpenoid consisting of sesquiterpene and orsellinic acid (OSA) moieties. To characterize the enzyme responsible for OSA biosynthesis, a cDNA encoding a novel polyketide synthase (PKS), orcinol synthase (ORS), was cloned from young leaves of R. dauricum. The primary structure of ORS shared relatively low identities to those of PKSs from other plants, and the active site of ORS had a unique amino acid composition. The bacterially expressed, recombinant ORS accepted acetyl-CoA as the preferable starter substrate, and produced orcinol as the major reaction product, along with four minor products including OSA. The ORS identified in this study is the first plant PKS that generates acetate-derived aromatic tetraketides, such as orcinol and OSA. Interestingly, OSA production was clearly enhanced in the presence of Cannabis sativa olivetolic acid cyclase, suggesting that the ORS is involved in OSA biosynthesis together with an unidentified cyclase in R. dauricum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Futoshi Taura
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of ToyamaToyama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Futoshi Taura, Hiroyuki Morita,
| | - Miu Iijima
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of ToyamaToyama, Japan
| | - Eriko Yamanaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu UniversityFukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Hiromichi Kenmoku
- Institute of Pharmacognosy, Tokushima Bunri UniversityTokushima, Japan
| | - Haruna Saeki
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of ToyamaToyama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Morimoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu UniversityFukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Asakawa
- Institute of Pharmacognosy, Tokushima Bunri UniversityTokushima, Japan
| | - Fumiya Kurosaki
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of ToyamaToyama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Morita
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of ToyamaToyama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Futoshi Taura, Hiroyuki Morita,
| |
Collapse
|