1
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Kofsky JM, Babulic JL, Boddington ME, De León González FV, Capicciotti CJ. Glycosyltransferases as versatile tools to study the biology of glycans. Glycobiology 2023; 33:888-910. [PMID: 37956415 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwad092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
All cells are decorated with complex carbohydrate structures called glycans that serve as ligands for glycan-binding proteins (GBPs) to mediate a wide range of biological processes. Understanding the specific functions of glycans is key to advancing an understanding of human health and disease. However, the lack of convenient and accessible tools to study glycan-based interactions has been a defining challenge in glycobiology. Thus, the development of chemical and biochemical strategies to address these limitations has been a rapidly growing area of research. In this review, we describe the use of glycosyltransferases (GTs) as versatile tools to facilitate a greater understanding of the biological roles of glycans. We highlight key examples of how GTs have streamlined the preparation of well-defined complex glycan structures through chemoenzymatic synthesis, with an emphasis on synthetic strategies allowing for site- and branch-specific display of glyco-epitopes. We also describe how GTs have facilitated expansion of glyco-engineering strategies, on both glycoproteins and cell surfaces. Coupled with advancements in bioorthogonal chemistry, GTs have enabled selective glyco-epitope editing of glycoproteins and cells, selective glycan subclass labeling, and the introduction of novel biomolecule functionalities onto cells, including defined oligosaccharides, antibodies, and other proteins. Collectively, these approaches have contributed great insight into the fundamental biological roles of glycans and are enabling their application in drug development and cellular therapies, leaving the field poised for rapid expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Kofsky
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Jonathan L Babulic
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada
| | - Marie E Boddington
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada
| | | | - Chantelle J Capicciotti
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Queen's University, 76 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada
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2
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Babulic JL, Kofsky JM, Boddington ME, Kim Y, Leblanc EV, Cook MG, Garnier CR, Emberley-Korkmaz S, Colpitts CC, Capicciotti CJ. One-Step Selective Labeling of Native Cell Surface Sialoglycans by Exogenous α2,8-Sialylation. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:2418-2429. [PMID: 37934063 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Exo-enzymatic glycan labeling strategies have emerged as versatile tools for efficient and selective installation of terminal glyco-motifs onto live cell surfaces. Through employing specific enzymes and nucleotide-sugar probes, cells can be equipped with defined glyco-epitopes for modulating cell function or selective visualization and enrichment of glycoconjugates. Here, we identifyCampylobacter jejunisialyltransferase Cst-II I53S as a tool for cell surface glycan modification, expanding the exo-enzymatic labeling toolkit to include installation of α2,8-disialyl epitopes. Labeling with Cst-II was achieved with biotin- and azide-tagged CMP-Neu5Ac derivatives on a model glycoprotein and native sialylated cell surface glycans across a panel of cell lines. The introduction of modified Neu5Ac derivatives onto cells by Cst-II was also retained on the surface for 6 h. By examining the specificity of Cst-II on cell surfaces, it was revealed that the α2,8-sialyltransferase primarily labeled N-glycans, with O-glycans labeled to a lesser extent, and there was an apparent preference for α2,3-linked sialosides on cells. This approach thus broadens the scope of tools for selective exo-enzymatic labeling of native sialylated glycans and is highly amenable for the construction of cell-based arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L Babulic
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Joshua M Kofsky
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Marie E Boddington
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Youjin Kim
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Emmanuelle V Leblanc
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Madeleine G Cook
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Cole R Garnier
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Sophie Emberley-Korkmaz
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Che C Colpitts
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Chantelle J Capicciotti
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston K7L 3N6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston K7L 3N6, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Queen's University, Kingston K7L 3N6, Canada
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3
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Decloquement M, Venuto MT, Cogez V, Steinmetz A, Schulz C, Lion C, Noel M, Rigolot V, Teppa RE, Biot C, Rebl A, Galuska SP, Harduin-Lepers A. Salmonid polysialyltransferases to generate a variety of sialic acid polymers. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15610. [PMID: 37730806 PMCID: PMC10511417 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42095-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The human polysialyltransferases ST8Sia II and ST8Sia IV catalyze the transfer of several Neu5Ac residues onto glycoproteins forming homopolymers with essential roles during different physiological processes. In salmonids, heterogeneous set of sialic acids polymers have been described in ovary and on eggs cell surface and three genes st8sia4, st8sia2-r1 and st8sia2-r2 were identified that could be implicated in these heteropolymers. The three polysialyltransferases from the salmonid Coregonus maraena were cloned, recombinantly expressed in HEK293 cells and the ST8Sia IV was biochemically characterized. The MicroPlate Sialyltransferase Assay and the non-natural donor substrate CMP-SiaNAl were used to demonstrate enzyme activity and optimize polysialylation reactions. Polysialylation was also carried out with natural donor substrates CMP-Neu5Ac, CMP-Neu5Gc and CMP-Kdn in cell-free and cell-based assays and structural analyses of polysialylated products using the anti-polySia monoclonal antibody 735 and endoneuraminidase N and HPLC approaches. Our data highlighted distinct specificities of human and salmonid polysialyltransferases with notable differences in donor substrates use and the capacity of fish enzymes to generate heteropolymers. This study further suggested an evolution of the biological functions of polySia. C. maraena ST8Sia IV of particular interest to modify glycoproteins with a variety of polySia chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Decloquement
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Marzia Tindara Venuto
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Virginie Cogez
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Anna Steinmetz
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Céline Schulz
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Cédric Lion
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Maxence Noel
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Vincent Rigolot
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Roxana Elin Teppa
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Christophe Biot
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Alexander Rebl
- Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology FBN, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian Peter Galuska
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Anne Harduin-Lepers
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France.
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, UMR CNRS 8576, Faculté des sciences et Technologies, Univ. Lille, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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4
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Harduin-Lepers A. The vertebrate sialylation machinery: structure-function and molecular evolution of GT-29 sialyltransferases. Glycoconj J 2023; 40:473-492. [PMID: 37247156 PMCID: PMC10225777 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-023-10123-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Every eukaryotic cell is covered with a thick layer of complex carbohydrates with essential roles in their social life. In Deuterostoma, sialic acids present at the outermost positions of glycans of glycoconjugates are known to be key players in cellular interactions including host-pathogen interactions. Their negative charge and hydrophilic properties enable their roles in various normal and pathological states and their expression is altered in many diseases including cancers. Sialylation of glycoproteins and glycolipids is orchestrated by the regulated expression of twenty sialyltransferases in human tissues with distinct enzymatic characteristics and preferences for substrates and linkages formed. However, still very little is known on the functional organization of sialyltransferases in the Golgi apparatus and how the sialylation machinery is finely regulated to provide the ad hoc sialome to the cell. This review summarizes current knowledge on sialyltransferases, their structure-function relationships, molecular evolution, and their implications in human biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Harduin-Lepers
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France.
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5
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Bai R, Wang J, Brockhausen I, Gao Y. The generation of 5-N-glycolylneuraminic acid as a consequence of high levels of reactive oxygen species. Glycoconj J 2023; 40:435-448. [PMID: 37266899 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-023-10121-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The presence of N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), a non-human sialic acid in cancer patients, is currently attributed to the consumption of red meat. Excess dietary red meat has been considered a risk factor causing chronic inflammation and for the development of cancers. However, it remains unknown whether Neu5Gc can be generated via a chemical reaction rather than via a metabolic pathway in the presence of high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) found in the inflammatory and tumor environments. In this study, the conversion of N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) to Neu5Gc has been assessed in vitro under conditions mimicking the hydroxyl radical-rich humoral environment found in inflammatory and cancerous tissues. As a result, Neu5Gc has been detected via liquid chromatography-multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry. Furthermore, this conversion has also been found to take place in serum biomatrix containing ROS and in cancer cell cultures with induced ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Bai
- Key laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Key laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Inka Brockhausen
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yin Gao
- Key laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
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6
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Park S, Chin-Hun Kuo J, Reesink HL, Paszek MJ. Recombinant mucin biotechnology and engineering. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 193:114618. [PMID: 36375719 PMCID: PMC10253230 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Mucins represent a largely untapped class of polymeric building block for biomaterials, therapeutics, and other biotechnology. Because the mucin polymer backbone is genetically encoded, sequence-specific mucins with defined physical and biochemical properties can be fabricated using recombinant technologies. The pendent O-glycans of mucins are increasingly implicated in immunomodulation, suppression of pathogen virulence, and other biochemical activities. Recent advances in engineered cell production systems are enabling the scalable synthesis of recombinant mucins with precisely tuned glycan side chains, offering exciting possibilities to tune the biological functionality of mucin-based products. New metabolic and chemoenzymatic strategies enable further tuning and functionalization of mucin O-glycans, opening new possibilities to expand the chemical diversity and functionality of mucin building blocks. In this review, we discuss these advances, and the opportunities for engineered mucins in biomedical applications ranging from in vitro models to therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwoo Park
- Field of Biophysics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Joe Chin-Hun Kuo
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Heidi L Reesink
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Matthew J Paszek
- Field of Biophysics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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7
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Volkhina IV, Butolin EG. Clinical and Diagnostic Significance of Sialic Acids Determination in Biological Material. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) SUPPLEMENT. SERIES B, BIOMEDICAL CHEMISTRY 2022; 16:165-174. [PMID: 35990315 PMCID: PMC9377294 DOI: 10.1134/s199075082203012x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sialic acids (SA) are neuraminic acid derivatives, located at the terminal position in the chains of monosaccharide residues of various glycoconjugates. SA play a dual role: they either mask recognition sites, or, on the contrary, represent biological targets that can be recognized by receptor proteins and serve as ligands. The desialylation/sialylation processes can be considered as a dynamic modification regulated by sialyltransferases and sialidases in response to external or internal stimuli. This review describes the structural and functional diversity and the potential use of SA fractions as biomarkers for various pathological conditions. Almost any extreme impact on the body and inflammatory processes are accompanied by an increase in the level of both total and free SA in the blood and tissues. Possible reasons for the increase of sialoglycoconjugate metabolism indicators in biological material include: (i) activation of the hepatocyte synthesis and secretion of various acute-phase proteins, many of which are sialoglycoproteins, (ii) impaired membrane integrity and destruction of body cells, (iii) high activity of sialidases (neurominidases) and sialyltransferases. Most acute and chronic liver diseases are characterized by the decrease in the total level of SA in the blood serum (because many plasma proteins are synthesized and glycosylated in hepatocytes). Aberrant sialylation results in changes of sialoglycoconjugate structure, its ability to perform biological functions and sialoglycoconjugate half-life. Glycosylation is the most common post-translational modification of proteins in the virus, which not only promotes the formation of specific conformation of viral proteins, but also modulates their interaction with receptors and affects host cell recognition, viral replication and infectivity. Serum total SA concentration increases in some benign and inflammatory conditions, which indicates a lack of specificity and limits their use for early detection and screening of neoplastic diseases. Clinical and diagnostic value of determining the sialoglycoconjugate metabolic indicators, including changes in the content of both SA fractions and specific proteins in various biological fluids and tissues, consists in establishing the causes and mechanisms of biochemical changes in the body in certain diseases. In combination with the measurement of existing markers, they can be used to improve diagnosis, staging and monitoring of therapeutic response in some pathological conditions where the need for specificity is less than for specific diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. V. Volkhina
- Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, ul. Litovskaya 2, 194100 St.Petersburg, Russia
| | - E. G. Butolin
- Izhevsk State Medical Academy, ul. Kommunarov 201, 426034 Izhevsk, Russia
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8
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Inhibition of ASGR1 decreases lipid levels by promoting cholesterol excretion. Nature 2022; 608:413-420. [PMID: 35922515 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05006-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
High cholesterol is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease1. Currently, no drug lowers cholesterol through directly promoting cholesterol excretion. Human genetic studies have identified that the loss-of-function Asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 (ASGR1) variants associate with low cholesterol and a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease2. ASGR1 is exclusively expressed in liver and mediates internalization and lysosomal degradation of blood asialoglycoproteins3. The mechanism by which ASGR1 affects cholesterol metabolism is unknown. Here, we find that Asgr1 deficiency decreases lipid levels in serum and liver by stabilizing LXRα. LXRα upregulates ABCA1 and ABCG5/G8, which promotes cholesterol transport to high-density lipoprotein and excretion to bile and faeces4, respectively. ASGR1 deficiency blocks endocytosis and lysosomal degradation of glycoproteins, reduces amino-acid levels in lysosomes, and thereby inhibits mTORC1 and activates AMPK. On one hand, AMPK increases LXRα by decreasing its ubiquitin ligases BRCA1/BARD1. On the other hand, AMPK suppresses SREBP1 that controls lipogenesis. Anti-ASGR1 neutralizing antibody lowers lipid levels by increasing cholesterol excretion, and shows synergistic beneficial effects with atorvastatin or ezetimibe, two widely used hypocholesterolaemic drugs. In summary, this study demonstrates that targeting ASGR1 upregulates LXRα, ABCA1 and ABCG5/G8, inhibits SREBP1 and lipogenesis, and therefore promotes cholesterol excretion and decreases lipid levels.
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9
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Babulic JL, Capicciotti CJ. Exo-Enzymatic Cell-Surface Glycan Labeling for Capturing Glycan–Protein Interactions through Photo-Cross-Linking. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:773-780. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L. Babulic
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Chantelle J. Capicciotti
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, and Department of Surgery, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
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10
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Volkhina IV, Butolin EG. [Clinical and diagnostic significance of sialic acids determination in biological material]. BIOMEDITSINSKAIA KHIMIIA 2022; 68:7-17. [PMID: 35221292 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20226801007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acids (SA) are derivatives of neuraminic acid; they are located at the terminal position in the chains of monosaccharide residues of various glycoconjugates. SA play a dual role, they either mask recognition sites, or, on the contrary, represent biological targets that can be recognized by receptor proteins and serve as ligands. The desialylation/sialylation processes can be viewed as a dynamic modification regulated by sialyltransferases and sialidases in response to external or internal stimuli. This review describes the structural and functional diversity and the potential use of SA fractions as biomarkers for various pathological conditions. Almost any extreme effects on the body and inflammatory processes lead to an increase in the level of both total and free SA in the blood and tissues. Possible reasons for the increase of sialoglycoconjugate metabolism indicators in biological material include activation of the hepatocyte synthesis and secretion of various acute-phase proteins, many of which are sialoglycoproteins, violation of the membrane integrity and destruction of body cells, and also high activity of sialidases (neurominidases) and sialyltransferases. Most acute and chronic liver diseases are characterized by the decrease in the total level of SA in the blood serum (because many plasma proteins are synthesized and glycosylated in hepatocytes). Aberrant sialylation results in changes of sialoglycoconjugate structure, its ability to perform biological functions and half-life. Glycosylation is the most common post-translational modification of proteins in the virus, which not only promotes the formation of specific conformation of viral proteins, but also modulates their interaction with receptors and affects host cell recognition, viral replication and infectivity. Serum total SA concentration increases in some benign and inflammatory conditions, which indicates a lack of specificity and limits their use for early detection and screening of neoplastic diseases. Nevertheless, determining blood SA level and measuring concentration of existing biomarkers can be used to improve diagnostic indicators, to stage and monitor therapeutic response in some types of cancer, when the need for specificity is less than for diagnosis. Clinical and diagnostic value of determining the sialoglycoconjugate metabolic indicators, including changes in the content of both SA fractions and specific proteins in various biological fluids and tissues, lies in establishing the causes and mechanisms of biochemical changes in the body in certain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- I V Volkhina
- Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - E G Butolin
- Izhevsk State Medical Academy, Izhevsk, Russia
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11
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Rajasekhar S, Das S, Balamurali MM, Chanda K. Therapeutic Inhibitory Activities of
N
‐Hydroxy Derived Cytidines: A Patent Overview. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sreerama Rajasekhar
- Department of Chemistry School of Advanced Sciences Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore 632014 India
| | - Soumyadip Das
- Department of Chemistry School of Advanced Sciences Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore 632014 India
| | - M. M. Balamurali
- Division of Chemistry School of Advanced Sciences Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai campus Vandalur-Kelambakkam Road Chennai 600 127 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Kaushik Chanda
- Department of Chemistry School of Advanced Sciences Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore 632014 India
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12
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Gao J, Gao A, Liu W, Chen L. Golgi stress response: A regulatory mechanism of Golgi function. Biofactors 2021; 47:964-974. [PMID: 34500494 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The organelle of eukaryotes is a finely regulated system. Once disturbed, it activates the specific autoregulatory systems, namely, organelle autoregulation. Among which, the Golgi stress response accounts for one. When the abundance and capacity of the Golgi apparatus are insufficient compared with cellular demand, the Golgi stress response is activated to enhance the function of the Golgi apparatus. Although the molecular mechanism of the Golgi stress response has not been well characterized yet, it seems to be an important part of the mammalian stress response. In this review, we discuss the current status of research on the six pathways of the mammalian Golgi stress response (the TFE3, heat shock protein 47, CREB3, E26 transformation specific, proteoglycan, and mucin pathways), which regulate the general function of the Golgi apparatus, anti-apoptosis, pro-apoptosis, proteoglycan glycosylation, and mucin glycosylation, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Gao
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Anbo Gao
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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13
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Cellular and Molecular Engineering of Glycan Sialylation in Heterologous Systems. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195950. [PMID: 34641494 PMCID: PMC8512710 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycans have been shown to play a key role in many biological processes, such as signal transduction, immunogenicity, and disease progression. Among the various glycosylation modifications found on cell surfaces and in biomolecules, sialylation is especially important, because sialic acids are typically found at the terminus of glycans and have unique negatively charged moieties associated with cellular and molecular interactions. Sialic acids are also crucial for glycosylated biopharmaceutics, where they promote stability and activity. In this regard, heterogenous sialylation may produce variability in efficacy and limit therapeutic applications. Homogenous sialylation may be achieved through cellular and molecular engineering, both of which have gained traction in recent years. In this paper, we describe the engineering of intracellular glycosylation pathways through targeted disruption and the introduction of carbohydrate active enzyme genes. The focus of this review is on sialic acid-related genes and efforts to achieve homogenous, humanlike sialylation in model hosts. We also discuss the molecular engineering of sialyltransferases and their application in chemoenzymatic sialylation and sialic acid visualization on cell surfaces. The integration of these complementary engineering strategies will be useful for glycoscience to explore the biological significance of sialic acids on cell surfaces as well as the future development of advanced biopharmaceuticals.
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14
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Volkhina IV, Butolin EG, Danilova LA. Prospects for the use of indicators of sialic acid metabolism in medicine (review of literature). Klin Lab Diagn 2021; 66:389-395. [PMID: 34292679 DOI: 10.51620/0869-2084-2021-66-7-389-395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acids (SA) determine the degree of molecular hydrophilia, relieve binding together and their transportation, they increase mucin viscosity, stabilize the protein and membrane structure. Apart from that, SA are structural components of gangliosides participating in the formation of the outer layer of the plasma membrane. The degree of silyliation of glycoproteins and glycolipids is an important factor of molecular recognition in the cell, between the cells, between a cell and territorial matrix, as well as between a cell and some outer pathogenic factors. They can either mask the sites of recognition or be determinants of recognition. The most well-studied enzymes taking part in the SA metabolism and sialo-containing compounds are N-acetylneuraminate, cythydiltransferase, sialyltransferase, sialydase, aldolase SA and sialyl-O-acetylesterase. Numerous investigations have shown that aberrant sialylation is a specific feature of various changes and disorders of metabolism. Besides that, sialic acids are the first point of contact for different pathogenic microorganisms and the host's body due to their presence on the external surface of the cells and tissue of the mucous membrane. That is why the study of the above-mentioned various sialic acids fractions as well as of the activity of the enzymes participating in their metabolism in the blood plasma and tissues, and of the influence on the activity of these enzymes with the help of medicine can make an essential contribution to the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- I V Volkhina
- Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University
| | | | - L A Danilova
- Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University
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15
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Wedekind H, Kats E, Weiss AC, Thiesler H, Klaus C, Kispert A, Horstkorte R, Neumann H, Weinhold B, Münster-Kühnel A, Abeln M. Gne deletion in mice leads to lethal intracerebral hemorrhage during embryonic development. Glycobiology 2021; 31:1478-1489. [PMID: 34224569 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwab069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the enzymes of the biosynthesis of sialoglycoconjugates, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase (GNE), catalyzing the first essential step of the sialic acid (Sia) de novo biosynthesis, and CMP-Sia synthase (CMAS), activating Sia to CMP-Sia, are particularly important. The knockout of either of these enzymes in mice is embryonically lethal. While the lethality of Cmas-/- mice has been attributed to a maternal complement attack against asialo fetal placental cells, the cause of lethality in Gne-deficient embryos has remained elusive. Here, we advanced the significance of sialylation for embryonic development through detailed histological analyses of Gne-/- embryos and placentae. We found that Gne-/- embryonic and extraembryonic tissues are hyposialylated, rather than completely deficient of sialoglycans which holds true for Cmas-/- embryos. Residual sialylation of Gne-/- cells can be explained by scavenging free Sia from sialylated maternal serum glycoconjugates via the lysosomal salvage pathway. The placental architecture of Gne-/- mice was unaffected, but severe hemorrhages in the neuroepithelium with extensive bleeding into the cephalic ventricles were present at E12.5 in the mutants. At E13.5, the vast majority of Gne-/- embryos were asystolic. This phenotype persisted when Gne-/- mice were backcrossed to a complement component 3-deficient background, confirming distinct pathomechanisms of Cmas-/- and Gne-/- mice. We conclude that the low level of sialylation observed in Gne-/- mice is sufficient, both for immune homeostasis at the fetal-maternal interface and for embryonic development until E12.5. However, formation of the neural microvasculature is the first critical process depending on a higher degree of sialylation during development of the embryo proper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Wedekind
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Elina Kats
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anna-Carina Weiss
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hauke Thiesler
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christine Klaus
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Kispert
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Horstkorte
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
| | - Harald Neumann
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Birgit Weinhold
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anja Münster-Kühnel
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Markus Abeln
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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16
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Huxley KE, Willems LI. Chemical reporters to study mammalian O-glycosylation. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:903-913. [PMID: 33860782 PMCID: PMC8106504 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glycans play essential roles in a range of cellular processes and have been shown to contribute to various pathologies. The diversity and dynamic nature of glycan structures and the complexities of glycan biosynthetic pathways make it challenging to study the roles of specific glycans in normal cellular function and disease. Chemical reporters have emerged as powerful tools to characterise glycan structures and monitor dynamic changes in glycan levels in a native context. A variety of tags can be introduced onto specific monosaccharides via the chemical modification of endogenous glycan structures or by metabolic or enzymatic incorporation of unnatural monosaccharides into cellular glycans. These chemical reporter strategies offer unique opportunities to study and manipulate glycan functions in living cells or whole organisms. In this review, we discuss recent advances in metabolic oligosaccharide engineering and chemoenzymatic glycan labelling, focusing on their application to the study of mammalian O-linked glycans. We describe current barriers to achieving glycan labelling specificity and highlight innovations that have started to pave the way to overcome these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E. Huxley
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Lianne I. Willems
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K
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17
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Transcriptomic and metabolomic insights into the variety of sperm storage in oviduct of egg layers. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101087. [PMID: 33887680 PMCID: PMC8082553 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In birds, the sperm storage tubules (SST) are dispersed in uterovaginal junction (UVJ) and highly correlated with differential capacity of sperm storage (SS) in and among species with unspecified mechanisms. Here, the SS duration of 252 egg layer breeders was evaluated in 5 rounds with 3 phenotypic traits to screen high- and low-SS individuals, respectively, followed with transcriptome of UVJ tissues and metabolome of serum (high-SS vs. low-SS) to decipher the candidate genes and biochemical markers correlated with differential SS capacity. Histological characterization suggested slightly higher density of SST in UVJ (high-SS vs. low-SS). Transcriptome analyses identified 596 differentially expressed genes (336 upregulated vs. 260 downregulated), which were mainly enriched in gene ontology terms of homeostasis, steroid and lipid metabolism and hormone activity, and 12 significant pathways (P < 0.05) represented by calcium, steroid, and lipid metabolism. Immunohistochemical staining of GNAQ, ST6GAL1, ADFP, and PCNA showed similar distribution in UVJ tissues between 2 groups. Several candidates (HSD11B2, DIO2, AQP3, GNAQ, NANS, ST6GAL1) combined with 4 (11β-prostaglandin F2α, prostaglandin B1, 7α-hydroxytestosterone, and N-acetylneuraminic acid) of 40 differential metabolites enriched in serum metabolome were considered as regulators and biomarkers of SS duration in egg layer breeders. The integrated transcriptome and metabolome analyses of chicken breeder hens will provide novel insights for exploration and improvement of differential SS capacity in birds.
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18
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Dobie C, Skropeta D. Insights into the role of sialylation in cancer progression and metastasis. Br J Cancer 2020; 124:76-90. [PMID: 33144696 PMCID: PMC7782833 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01126-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Upregulation of sialyltransferases—the enzymes responsible for the addition of sialic acid to growing glycoconjugate chains—and the resultant hypersialylation of up to 40–60% of tumour cell surfaces are established hallmarks of several cancers, including lung, breast, ovarian, pancreatic and prostate cancer. Hypersialylation promotes tumour metastasis by several routes, including enhancing immune evasion and tumour cell survival, and stimulating tumour invasion and migration. The critical role of enzymes that regulate sialic acid in tumour cell growth and metastasis points towards targeting sialylation as a potential new anti-metastatic cancer treatment strategy. Herein, we explore insights into the mechanisms by which hypersialylation plays a role in promoting metastasis, and explore the current state of sialyltransferase inhibitor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Dobie
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Medicine & Health; and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Danielle Skropeta
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Medicine & Health; and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Wollongong, Australia. .,Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
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19
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Unliganded and CMP-Neu5Ac bound structures of human α-2,6-sialyltransferase ST6Gal I at high resolution. J Struct Biol 2020; 212:107628. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2020.107628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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20
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Glanz VY, Myasoedova VA, Grechko AV, Orekhov AN. Trans-sialidase Associated with Atherosclerosis: Defining the Identity of a Key Enzyme Involved in the Pathology. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 20:938-941. [PMID: 30848200 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666190308111619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is associated with the increased trans-sialidase activity, which can be detected in the blood plasma of atherosclerosis patients. The likely involvement in the disease pathogenesis made this activity an interesting research subject and the enzyme that may perform such activity was isolated and characterized in terms of substrate specificity and enzymatic properties. It was found that the enzyme has distinct optimum pH values, and its activity was enhanced by the presence of Ca2+ ions. Most importantly, the enzyme was able to cause atherogenic modification of lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL) particles in vitro. However, the identity of the discovered enzyme remained to be defined. Currently, sialyltransferases, mainly ST6Gal I, are regarded as major contributors to sialic acid metabolism in human blood. In this mini-review, we discuss the possibility that atherosclerosis- associated trans-sialidase does, in fact, belong to the sialyltransferases family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Y Glanz
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russian Federation
| | - Veronika A Myasoedova
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey V Grechko
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 109240 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russian Federation.,Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, 121609 Moscow, Russian Federation.,Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
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21
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Dubois L, Pietrancosta N, Cabaye A, Fanget I, Debacker C, Gilormini PA, Dansette PM, Dairou J, Biot C, Froissart R, Goupil-Lamy A, Bertrand HO, Acher FC, McCort-Tranchepain I, Gasnier B, Anne C. Amino Acids Bearing Aromatic or Heteroaromatic Substituents as a New Class of Ligands for the Lysosomal Sialic Acid Transporter Sialin. J Med Chem 2020; 63:8231-8249. [PMID: 32608236 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b02119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sialin, encoded by the SLC17A5 gene, is a lysosomal sialic acid transporter defective in Salla disease, a rare inherited leukodystrophy. It also enables metabolic incorporation of exogenous sialic acids, leading to autoantibodies against N-glycolylneuraminic acid in humans. Here, we identified a novel class of human sialin ligands by virtual screening and structure-activity relationship studies. The ligand scaffold is characterized by an amino acid backbone with a free carboxylate, an N-linked aromatic or heteroaromatic substituent, and a hydrophobic side chain. The most potent compound, 45 (LSP12-3129), inhibited N-acetylneuraminic acid 1 (Neu5Ac) transport in a non-competitive manner with IC50 ≈ 2.5 μM, a value 400-fold lower than the KM for Neu5Ac. In vitro and molecular docking studies attributed the non-competitive character to selective inhibitor binding to the Neu5Ac site in a cytosol-facing conformation. Moreover, compound 45 rescued the trafficking defect of the pathogenic mutant (R39C) causing Salla disease. This new class of cell-permeant inhibitors provides tools to investigate the physiological roles of sialin and help develop pharmacological chaperones for Salla disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Dubois
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, CNRS, UMR 8601, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Pietrancosta
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France.,Neurosciences Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Cabaye
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, CNRS, UMR 8601, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France.,BIOVIA, Dassault Systèmes, F-78140 Velizy-Villacoublay, France
| | - Isabelle Fanget
- SPPIN - Saints-Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences, CNRS, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Cécile Debacker
- SPPIN - Saints-Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences, CNRS, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Pierre-André Gilormini
- UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie et Fonctionnelle, Université de Lille, CNRS, F-59650 Lille, France
| | - Patrick M Dansette
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, CNRS, UMR 8601, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Julien Dairou
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, CNRS, UMR 8601, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Biot
- UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie et Fonctionnelle, Université de Lille, CNRS, F-59650 Lille, France
| | - Roseline Froissart
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire Grand Est, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69677 Bron, France
| | | | | | - Francine C Acher
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, CNRS, UMR 8601, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle McCort-Tranchepain
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, CNRS, UMR 8601, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Bruno Gasnier
- SPPIN - Saints-Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences, CNRS, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Christine Anne
- SPPIN - Saints-Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences, CNRS, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France
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22
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Mikolajczyk K, Kaczmarek R, Czerwinski M. How glycosylation affects glycosylation: the role of N-glycans in glycosyltransferase activity. Glycobiology 2020; 30:941-969. [PMID: 32363402 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwaa041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
N-glycosylation is one of the most important posttranslational modifications of proteins. It plays important roles in the biogenesis and functions of proteins by influencing their folding, intracellular localization, stability and solubility. N-glycans are synthesized by glycosyltransferases, a complex group of ubiquitous enzymes that occur in most kingdoms of life. A growing body of evidence shows that N-glycans may influence processing and functions of glycosyltransferases, including their secretion, stability and substrate/acceptor affinity. Changes in these properties may have a profound impact on glycosyltransferase activity. Indeed, some glycosyltransferases have to be glycosylated themselves for full activity. N-glycans and glycosyltransferases play roles in the pathogenesis of many diseases (including cancers), so studies on glycosyltransferases may contribute to the development of new therapy methods and novel glycoengineered enzymes with improved properties. In this review, we focus on the role of N-glycosylation in the activity of glycosyltransferases and attempt to summarize all available data about this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Mikolajczyk
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Radoslaw Kaczmarek
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Czerwinski
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
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23
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Alteen MG, Gros C, Meek RW, Cardoso DA, Busmann JA, Sangouard G, Deen MC, Tan H, Shen DL, Russell CC, Davies GJ, Robinson PJ, McCluskey A, Vocadlo DJ. A Direct Fluorescent Activity Assay for Glycosyltransferases Enables Convenient High‐Throughput Screening: Application to
O
‐GlcNAc Transferase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G. Alteen
- Department of Chemistry Simon Fraser University Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Christina Gros
- Department of Chemistry Simon Fraser University Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Richard W. Meek
- York Structural Biology Laboratory Department of Chemistry University of York York YO10 5DD UK
| | - David A. Cardoso
- Children's Medical Research Institute The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2145 Australia
| | - Jil A. Busmann
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Simon Fraser University Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Gontran Sangouard
- Department of Chemistry Simon Fraser University Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Matthew C. Deen
- Department of Chemistry Simon Fraser University Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Hong‐Yee Tan
- Department of Chemistry Simon Fraser University Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - David L. Shen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Simon Fraser University Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Cecilia C. Russell
- Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences The University of Newcastle University Drive Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia
| | - Gideon J. Davies
- York Structural Biology Laboratory Department of Chemistry University of York York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Phillip J. Robinson
- Children's Medical Research Institute The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2145 Australia
| | - Adam McCluskey
- Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences The University of Newcastle University Drive Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia
| | - David J. Vocadlo
- Department of Chemistry Simon Fraser University Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Simon Fraser University Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada
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24
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Alteen MG, Gros C, Meek RW, Cardoso DA, Busmann JA, Sangouard G, Deen MC, Tan H, Shen DL, Russell CC, Davies GJ, Robinson PJ, McCluskey A, Vocadlo DJ. A Direct Fluorescent Activity Assay for Glycosyltransferases Enables Convenient High‐Throughput Screening: Application toO‐GlcNAc Transferase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:9601-9609. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G. Alteen
- Department of ChemistrySimon Fraser University Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Christina Gros
- Department of ChemistrySimon Fraser University Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Richard W. Meek
- York Structural Biology LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of York York YO10 5DD UK
| | - David A. Cardoso
- Children's Medical Research InstituteThe University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2145 Australia
| | - Jil A. Busmann
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiochemistrySimon Fraser University Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Gontran Sangouard
- Department of ChemistrySimon Fraser University Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Matthew C. Deen
- Department of ChemistrySimon Fraser University Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Hong‐Yee Tan
- Department of ChemistrySimon Fraser University Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - David L. Shen
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiochemistrySimon Fraser University Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Cecilia C. Russell
- Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life SciencesThe University of Newcastle University Drive Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia
| | - Gideon J. Davies
- York Structural Biology LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of York York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Phillip J. Robinson
- Children's Medical Research InstituteThe University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2145 Australia
| | - Adam McCluskey
- Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life SciencesThe University of Newcastle University Drive Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia
| | - David J. Vocadlo
- Department of ChemistrySimon Fraser University Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiochemistrySimon Fraser University Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada
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25
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Jia N, Byrd-Leotis L, Matsumoto Y, Gao C, Wein AN, Lobby JL, Kohlmeier JE, Steinhauer DA, Cummings RD. The Human Lung Glycome Reveals Novel Glycan Ligands for Influenza A Virus. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5320. [PMID: 32210305 PMCID: PMC7093477 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62074-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycans within human lungs are recognized by many pathogens such as influenza A virus (IAV), yet little is known about their structures. Here we present the first analysis of the N- and O- and glycosphingolipid-glycans from total human lungs, along with histological analyses of IAV binding. The N-glycome of human lung contains extremely large complex-type N-glycans with linear poly-N-acetyllactosamine (PL) [-3Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-]n extensions, which are predominantly terminated in α2,3-linked sialic acid. By contrast, smaller N-glycans lack PL and are enriched in α2,6-linked sialic acids. In addition, we observed large glycosphingolipid (GSL)-glycans, which also consists of linear PL, terminating in mainly α2,3-linked sialic acid. Histological staining revealed that IAV binds to sialylated and non-sialylated glycans and binding is not concordant with respect to binding by sialic acid-specific lectins. These results extend our understanding of the types of glycans that may serve as binding sites for human lung pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jia
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Surgery and Harvard Medical School Center for Glycoscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lauren Byrd-Leotis
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Surgery and Harvard Medical School Center for Glycoscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Emory-UGA Center of Excellence of Influenza Research and Surveillance, (CEIRS), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yasuyuki Matsumoto
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Surgery and Harvard Medical School Center for Glycoscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chao Gao
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Surgery and Harvard Medical School Center for Glycoscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Emory-UGA Center of Excellence of Influenza Research and Surveillance, (CEIRS), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alexander N Wein
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jenna L Lobby
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jacob E Kohlmeier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David A Steinhauer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Emory-UGA Center of Excellence of Influenza Research and Surveillance, (CEIRS), Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Surgery and Harvard Medical School Center for Glycoscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Emory-UGA Center of Excellence of Influenza Research and Surveillance, (CEIRS), Atlanta, GA, USA.
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26
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Janesch B, Saxena H, Sim L, Wakarchuk WW. Comparison of α2,6-sialyltransferases for sialylation of therapeutic proteins. Glycobiology 2019; 29:735-747. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwz050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe development of therapeutic proteins for the treatment of numerous diseases is one of the fastest growing areas of biotechnology. Therapeutic efficacy and serum half-life are particularly important, and these properties rely heavily on the glycosylation state of the protein. Expression systems to produce authentically fully glycosylated therapeutic proteins with appropriate terminal sialic acids are not yet perfected. The in vitro modification of therapeutic proteins by recombinant sialyltransferases offers a promising and elegant strategy to overcome this problem. Thus, the detailed expression and characterization of sialyltransferases for completion of the glycan chains is of great interest to the community. We identified a novel α2,6-sialyltransferase from Helicobacter cetorum and compared it to the human ST6Gal1 and a Photobacterium sp. sialyltransferase using glycoprotein substrates in a 96-well microtiter-plate-based assay. We demonstrated that the recombinant α2,6-sialyltransferase from H. cetorum is an excellent catalyst for modification of N-linked glycans of different therapeutic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Janesch
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, Institute for Biologically Inspired Materials, NanoGlycobiology Unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hirak Saxena
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Lyann Sim
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Michael Smith Laboratory, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z1, Canada
| | - Warren W Wakarchuk
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
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27
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Rudman N, Gornik O, Lauc G. Altered N-glycosylation profiles as potential biomarkers and drug targets in diabetes. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:1598-1615. [PMID: 31215021 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
N-glycosylation is a ubiquitous protein modification, and N-glycosylation profiles are emerging as both biomarkers and functional effectors in various types of diabetes. Genome-wide association studies identified glycosyltransferase genes as candidate causal genes for type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Studies focused on N-glycosylation changes in type 2 diabetes demonstrated that patients can be distinguished from healthy controls based on N-glycome composition. In addition, individuals at an increased risk of future disease development could be identified based on N-glycome profiles. Moreover, accumulating evidence indicates that N-glycans have a major role in preventing the impairment of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by maintaining the glucose transporter in proper orientation, indicating that interindividual variation in protein N-glycosylation might be a novel risk factor contributing to diabetes development. Defective N-glycosylation of T cells has been implicated in type 1 diabetes pathogenesis. Furthermore, studies of N-glycan alterations have successfully been used to identify individuals with rare types of diabetes (such as the HNF1A-MODY), and also to evaluate functional significance of novel diabetes-associated mutations. In conclusion, both N-glycans and glycosyltransferases emerge as potential therapeutic targets in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najda Rudman
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Olga Gornik
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Croatia.,Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Croatia.,Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
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28
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Hong S, Shi Y, Wu NC, Grande G, Douthit L, Wang H, Zhou W, Sharpless KB, Wilson IA, Xie J, Wu P. Bacterial glycosyltransferase-mediated cell-surface chemoenzymatic glycan modification. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1799. [PMID: 30996301 PMCID: PMC6470217 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09608-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoenzymatic modification of cell-surface glycan structures has emerged as a complementary approach to metabolic oligosaccharide engineering. Here, we identify Pasteurella multocida α2-3-sialyltransferase M144D mutant, Photobacterium damsela α2-6-sialyltransferase, and Helicobacter mustelae α1-2-fucosyltransferase, as efficient tools for live-cell glycan modification. Combining these enzymes with Helicobacter pylori α1-3-fucosyltransferase, we develop a host-cell-based assay to probe glycan-mediated influenza A virus (IAV) infection including wild-type and mutant strains of H1N1 and H3N2 subtypes. At high NeuAcα2-6-Gal levels, the IAV-induced host-cell death is positively correlated with haemagglutinin (HA) binding affinity to NeuAcα2-6-Gal. Remarkably, an increment of host-cell-surface sialyl Lewis X (sLeX) exacerbates the killing by several wild-type IAV strains and a previously engineered mutant HK68-MTA. Structural alignment of HAs from HK68 and HK68-MTA suggests formation of a putative hydrogen bond between Trp222 of HA-HK68-MTA and the C-4 hydroxyl group of the α1-3-linked fucose of sLeX, which may account for the enhanced host cell killing of that mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senlian Hong
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Yujie Shi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Nicholas C Wu
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Geramie Grande
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Lacey Douthit
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Wen Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - K Barry Sharpless
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Ian A Wilson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jia Xie
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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29
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Novel Zebrafish Mono-α2,8-sialyltransferase (ST8Sia VIII): An Evolutionary Perspective of α2,8-Sialylation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030622. [PMID: 30709055 PMCID: PMC6387029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian mono-α2,8-sialyltransferase ST8Sia VI has been shown to catalyze the transfer of a unique sialic acid residues onto core 1 O-glycans leading to the formation of di-sialylated O-glycosylproteins and to a lesser extent to diSia motifs onto glycolipids like GD1a. Previous studies also reported the identification of an orthologue of the ST8SIA6 gene in the zebrafish genome. Trying to get insights into the biosynthesis and function of the oligo-sialylated glycoproteins during zebrafish development, we cloned and studied this fish α2,8-sialyltransferase homologue. In situ hybridization experiments demonstrate that expression of this gene is always detectable during zebrafish development both in the central nervous system and in non-neuronal tissues. Intriguingly, using biochemical approaches and the newly developed in vitro MicroPlate Sialyltransferase Assay (MPSA), we found that the zebrafish recombinant enzyme does not synthetize diSia motifs on glycoproteins or glycolipids as the human homologue does. Using comparative genomics and molecular phylogeny approaches, we show in this work that the human ST8Sia VI orthologue has disappeared in the ray-finned fish and that the homologue described in fish correspond to a new subfamily of α2,8-sialyltransferase named ST8Sia VIII that was not maintained in Chondrichtyes and Sarcopterygii.
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30
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Yamakawa N, Vanbeselaere J, Chang LY, Yu SY, Ducrocq L, Harduin-Lepers A, Kurata J, Aoki-Kinoshita KF, Sato C, Khoo KH, Kitajima K, Guerardel Y. Systems glycomics of adult zebrafish identifies organ-specific sialylation and glycosylation patterns. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4647. [PMID: 30405127 PMCID: PMC6220181 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06950-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of zebrafish Danio rerio as a versatile model organism provides the unique opportunity to monitor the functions of glycosylation throughout vertebrate embryogenesis, providing insights into human diseases caused by glycosylation defects. Using a combination of chemical modifications, enzymatic digestion and mass spectrometry analyses, we establish here the precise glycomic profiles of eight individual zebrafish organs and demonstrate that the protein glycosylation and glycosphingolipid expression patterns exhibits exquisite specificity. Concomitant expression screening of a wide array of enzymes involved in the synthesis and transfer of sialic acids shows that the presence of organ-specific sialylation motifs correlates with the localized activity of the corresponding glycan biosynthesis pathways. These findings provide a basis for the rational design of zebrafish lines expressing desired glycosylation profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Yamakawa
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F- 59000, Lille, France.,Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Jorick Vanbeselaere
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F- 59000, Lille, France
| | - Lan-Yi Chang
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F- 59000, Lille, France.,Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Yi Yu
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F- 59000, Lille, France
| | - Lucie Ducrocq
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F- 59000, Lille, France
| | - Anne Harduin-Lepers
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F- 59000, Lille, France
| | - Junichi Kurata
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Soka University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-8577, Japan
| | | | - Chihiro Sato
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kay-Hooi Khoo
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ken Kitajima
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yann Guerardel
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F- 59000, Lille, France.
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31
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Gilormini PA, Batt AR, Pratt MR, Biot C. Asking more from metabolic oligosaccharide engineering. Chem Sci 2018; 9:7585-7595. [PMID: 30393518 PMCID: PMC6187459 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc02241k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycans form one of the four classes of biomolecules, are found in every living system and present a huge structural and functional diversity. As an illustration of this diversity, it has been reported that more than 50% of the human proteome is glycosylated and that 2% of the human genome is dedicated to glycosylation processes. Glycans are involved in many biological processes such as signalization, cell-cell or host pathogen interactions, immunity, etc. However, fundamental processes associated with glycans are not yet fully understood and the development of glycobiology is relatively recent compared to the study of genes or proteins. Approximately 25 years ago, the studies of Bertozzi's and Reutter's groups paved the way for metabolic oligosaccharide engineering (MOE), a strategy which consists in the use of modified sugar analogs which are taken up into the cells, metabolized, incorporated into glycoconjugates, and finally detected in a specific manner. This groundbreaking strategy has been widely used during the last few decades and the concomitant development of new bioorthogonal ligation reactions has allowed many advances in the field. Typically, MOE has been used to either visualize glycans or identify different classes of glycoproteins. The present review aims to highlight recent studies that lie somewhat outside of these more traditional approaches and that are pushing the boundaries of MOE applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-André Gilormini
- University of Lille , CNRS UMR 8576 , UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle , F-59000 Lille , France .
| | - Anna R Batt
- Department of Chemistry , University of Southern California , 840 Downey Way , LJS 250 Los Angeles , CA 90089 , USA
| | - Matthew R Pratt
- Department of Chemistry , University of Southern California , 840 Downey Way , LJS 250 Los Angeles , CA 90089 , USA
- Department of Biological Sciences , University of Southern California , 840 Downey Way , LJS 250 Los Angeles , CA 90089 , USA
| | - Christophe Biot
- University of Lille , CNRS UMR 8576 , UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle , F-59000 Lille , France .
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32
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Noel M, Gilormini PA, Cogez V, Lion C, Biot C, Harduin-Lepers A, Guérardel Y. MicroPlate Sialyltransferase Assay: A Rapid and Sensitive Assay Based on an Unnatural Sialic Acid Donor and Bioorthogonal Chemistry. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:3377-3384. [PMID: 30192128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian sialyltransferases transfer sialic acids onto glycoproteins and glycolipids within the Golgi apparatus. Despite their key role in glycosylation, the study of their enzymatic activities is limited by the lack of appropriate tools. Herein, we developed a quick and sensitive sialyltransferase microplate assay based on the use of the unnatural CMP-SiaNAl donor substrate. In this assay, an appropriate acceptor glycoprotein is coated on the bottom of 96-well plate and the sialyltransferase activity is assessed using CMP-SiaNAl. The alkyne tag of SiaNAl enables subsequent covalent ligation of an azido-biotin probe via CuAAC and an antibiotin-HRP conjugated antibody is then used to quantify the amount of transferred SiaNAl by a colorimetric titration. With this test, we evaluated the kinetic characteristics and substrate preferences of two human sialyltransferases, ST6Gal I and ST3Gal I toward a panel of asialoglycoprotein acceptors, and identified cations that display a sialyltransferase inhibitory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxence Noel
- Universite Lille , CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F 59000 Lille , France
| | - Pierre-André Gilormini
- Universite Lille , CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F 59000 Lille , France
| | - Virginie Cogez
- Universite Lille , CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F 59000 Lille , France
| | - Cédric Lion
- Universite Lille , CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F 59000 Lille , France
| | - Christophe Biot
- Universite Lille , CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F 59000 Lille , France
| | - Anne Harduin-Lepers
- Universite Lille , CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F 59000 Lille , France
| | - Yann Guérardel
- Universite Lille , CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F 59000 Lille , France
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33
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Simon C, Spriet C, Hawkins S, Lion C. Visualizing Lignification Dynamics in Plants with Click Chemistry: Dual Labeling is BLISS! J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29443107 PMCID: PMC5908702 DOI: 10.3791/56947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignin is one of the most prevalent biopolymers on the planet and a major component of lignocellulosic biomass. This phenolic polymer plays a vital structural and protective role in the development and life of higher plants. Although the intricate mechanisms regulating lignification processes in vivo strongly impact the industrial valorization of many plant-derived products, the scientific community still has a long way to go to decipher them. In a simple three-step workflow, the dual labeling protocol presented herein enables bioimaging studies of actively lignifying zones of plant tissues. The first step consists in the metabolic incorporation of two independent chemical reporters, surrogates of the two native monolignols that give rise to lignin H- and G-units. After incorporation into growing lignin polymers, each reporter is then specifically labeled with its own fluorescent probe via a sequential combination of bioorthogonal SPAAC/CuAAC click reactions. Combined with lignin autofluorescence, this approach leads to the generation of three-color localization maps of lignin within plant cell walls by confocal fluorescence microscopy and provides precise spatial information on the presence or absence of active lignification machinery at the scale of plant tissues, cells and different cell wall layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Simon
- UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, CNRS, UMR 8576, Université de Lille
| | - Corentin Spriet
- UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, CNRS, UMR 8576, Université de Lille
| | - Simon Hawkins
- UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, CNRS, UMR 8576, Université de Lille
| | - Cedric Lion
- UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, CNRS, UMR 8576, Université de Lille;
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34
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Noel M, Gilormini P, Cogez V, Yamakawa N, Vicogne D, Lion C, Biot C, Guérardel Y, Harduin‐Lepers A. Probing the CMP-Sialic Acid Donor Specificity of Two Human β-d-Galactoside Sialyltransferases (ST3Gal I and ST6Gal I) Selectively Acting on O- and N-Glycosylproteins. Chembiochem 2017; 18:1251-1259. [PMID: 28395125 PMCID: PMC5499661 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sialylation of glycoproteins and glycolipids is catalyzed by sialyltransferases in the Golgi of mammalian cells, whereby sialic acid residues are added at the nonreducing ends of oligosaccharides. Because sialylated glycans play critical roles in a number of human physio-pathological processes, the past two decades have witnessed the development of modified sialic acid derivatives for a better understanding of sialic acid biology and for the development of new therapeutic targets. However, nothing is known about how individual mammalian sialyltransferases tolerate and behave towards these unnatural CMP-sialic acid donors. In this study, we devised several approaches to investigate the donor specificity of the human β-d-galactoside sialyltransferases ST6Gal I and ST3Gal I by using two CMP-sialic acids: CMP-Neu5Ac, and CMP-Neu5N-(4pentynoyl)neuraminic acid (CMP-SiaNAl), an unnatural CMP-sialic acid donor with an extended and functionalized N-acyl moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxence Noel
- Université de LilleCNRSUMR 8576UGSFUnité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle59000LilleFrance
| | - Pierre‐André Gilormini
- Université de LilleCNRSUMR 8576UGSFUnité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle59000LilleFrance
| | - Virginie Cogez
- Université de LilleCNRSUMR 8576UGSFUnité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle59000LilleFrance
| | - Nao Yamakawa
- Université de LilleCNRSUMR 8576UGSFUnité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle59000LilleFrance
| | - Dorothée Vicogne
- Université de LilleCNRSUMR 8576UGSFUnité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle59000LilleFrance
| | - Cédric Lion
- Université de LilleCNRSUMR 8576UGSFUnité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle59000LilleFrance
| | - Christophe Biot
- Université de LilleCNRSUMR 8576UGSFUnité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle59000LilleFrance
| | - Yann Guérardel
- Université de LilleCNRSUMR 8576UGSFUnité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle59000LilleFrance
| | - Anne Harduin‐Lepers
- Université de LilleCNRSUMR 8576UGSFUnité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle59000LilleFrance
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