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Vardar-Yel N, Tütüncü HE, Sürmeli Y. Lipases for targeted industrial applications, focusing on the development of biotechnologically significant aspects: A comprehensive review of recent trends in protein engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:132853. [PMID: 38838897 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Lipases are remarkable biocatalysts, adept at catalyzing the breakdown of diverse compounds into glycerol, fatty acids, and mono- and di-glycerides via hydrolysis. Beyond this, they facilitate esterification, transesterification, alcoholysis, acidolysis, and more, making them versatile in industrial applications. In industrial processes, lipases that exhibit high stability are favored as they can withstand harsh conditions. However, most native lipases are unable to endure adverse conditions, making them unsuitable for industrial use. Protein engineering proves to be a potent technology in the development of lipases that can function effectively under challenging conditions and fulfill criteria for various industrial processes. This review concentrated on new trends in protein engineering to enhance the diversity of lipase genes and employed in silico methods for predicting and comprehensively analyzing target mutations in lipases. Additionally, key molecular factors associated with industrial characteristics of lipases, including thermostability, solvent tolerance, catalytic activity, and substrate preference have been elucidated. The present review delved into how industrial traits can be enhanced through directed evolution (epPCR, gene shuffling), rational design (FRESCO, ASR), combined engineering strategies (i.e. CAST, ISM, and FRISM) as protein engineering methodologies in contexts of biodiesel production, food processing, and applications of detergent, pharmaceutics, and plastic degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurcan Vardar-Yel
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Altınbaş University, 34145 İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Havva Esra Tütüncü
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Malatya Turgut Özal University, 44210 Malatya, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Sürmeli
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, 59030 Tekirdağ, Turkey.
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Gröger H, Horino S, Kanomata K, Akai S. Strategies to Design Chemocatalytic Racemization of Tertiary Alcohols: State of the Art & Utilization for Dynamic Kinetic Resolution. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304028. [PMID: 38580616 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of enantiomerically pure tertiary alcohols is an important issue in organic synthesis of a range of pharmaceuticals including molecules such as the anti-HIV drug Efavirenz. A conceptually elegant approach to such enantiomers is the dynamic kinetic resolution of racemic tertiary alcohols, which, however, requires efficient racemization strategies. The racemization of tertiary alcohols is particularly challenging due to various side reactions that can occur because of their high tendency for elimination reactions. In the last few years, several complementary catalytic concepts for racemization of tertiary alcohols have been developed, characterized by efficient racemization and suppression of unwanted side-reactions. Besides resins bearing sulfonic acid moieties and a combination of boronic acid and oxalic acid as heterogeneous and homogeneous Brønsted-acids, respectively, immobilized oxovanadium and piperidine turned out to be useful catalysts. The latter two catalysts, which have already been applied to different types of substrates, also have proven good compatibility with lipase, thus leading to the first two examples of chemoenzymatic dynamic kinetic resolution of tertiary alcohols. In this review, the difficulties in racemizing tertiary alcohols are specifically described, and the recently developed complementary concepts to overcome these hurdles are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Gröger
- Chair of Industrial Organic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Horino
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kyohei Kanomata
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shuji Akai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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Venturi V, Lerin LA, Presini F, Giovannini PP, Catani M, Buratti A, Marchetti N, Dilliraj LN, Aprile S. Enzymatic Synthesis of Ascorbic Acid-Ketone Body Hybrids. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13040691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular hybrids obtained by connecting two or more bioactive molecules through a metabolizable linker are used as multi-target drugs for the therapy of multifactorial diseases. Ascorbic acid, as well as the ketone bodies acetoacetate and (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate, are bioactive molecules that have common fields of application in the treatment and prevention of neurodegenerative diseases and cardiac injuries as well. In spite of this, the preparation of ascorbic acid ketone body hybrids is uncovered by the literature. Herein, we report the lipase-catalyzed condensation of methyl acetoacetate with ascorbic acid, which affords the 6-O-acetoacetyl ascorbic acid in quantitative yield. The same approach, employing the methyl (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate in place of the methyl acetoacetate, allows the preparation of the 6-O-(R)-3-hydroxybutyryl ascorbic acid in 57% yield. A better result (90% overall yield) is achieved through the lipase-catalyzed coupling of ascorbic acid with methyl (R)-3-O-methoxymethyl-3-hydroxybutyrate followed by the cleavage of the MOM protecting group. The two novel products are fully characterized and additional information on the antioxidant activity of the new products is also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Venturi
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lindomar Alberto Lerin
- Department of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesco Presini
- Department of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Giovannini
- Department of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martina Catani
- Department of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Buratti
- Department of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Nicola Marchetti
- Department of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Latha Nagamani Dilliraj
- Department of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simona Aprile
- Department of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Jawale PV, Bhanage BM. Synthesis of decanoate compounds in deep eutectic solvent using lipase: Optimization using response surface methodology, kinetic and docking study. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2023.100950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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He L, Zheng J, Feng S, Xu L, Zhong N. Immobilization of Candida antarctica Lipase A onto Macroporous Resin NKA-9: Esterification and Glycerolysis Performance Study. J Oleo Sci 2022; 71:1337-1348. [PMID: 36047241 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess22028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, lipase A from Candida antarctica (CALA) was immobilized onto the macroporous resin NKA-9. Immobilization conditions (pH, time and CALA concentration) were studied, enzymatic activity and immobilization efficiency (IE) up to 968.89 U/g and 53.19% were respectively obtained under optimal conditions (immobilization pH 5.0, time 5 h and CALA concentration at 30 mg/mL). Then, the NKA-9 supported CALA (CALA@NKA-9) samples were used to catalyze glycerolysis in solvent-free system. With 0.25 g of the present CALA@NKA-9 (soybean oil 3.52 g and glycerol 0.184 g) and after 12 h reaction at 50 °C, diacylglycerols (DAG) content up to 64.37% and triacylglycerols (TAG) conversion at 83.33% were obtained. The relationship between temperature and TAG conversion was LnV 0 = 13.9310-6.4212/T for CALA@NKA-9. Meanwhile, the activation energy (Ea) of CALA@NKA-9 was calculated to be 53.39 kJ/mol. In addition, reusability in the glycerolysis reaction was also evaluated, and 57.82% of the initial glycerolysis activity was retained after 9 consecutive applications. Furthermore, the CALA@NKA-9 was also used to catalyze the esterification (esterification of fatty acids with glycerol), however, the present CALA@NKA-9 cannot initiate the esterification. Therefore, the present CALA@NKA-9 is shown to be potential for DAG production through glycerolysis reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong He
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
| | - Jiawei Zheng
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
| | - Siting Feng
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
| | - Li Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University.,Guangdong Pharmaceutical University-University of Hong Kong Joint Biomedical Innovation Platform
| | - Nanjing Zhong
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
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Staudt A, Brack Y, Jr II, Leal ICR. Biocatalytic synthesis of monoterpene esters – A review study on the phylogenetic evolution of biocatalysts. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kumar A, Nothling MD, Aitken HM, Xiao Z, Lam M, Bell CA, O'Mara ML, Connal LA. Simple synthetic route to an enzyme-inspired transesterification catalyst. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy00744d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembling transesterification catalyst inspired by the catalytic triad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwani Kumar
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | | | - Heather M. Aitken
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Zeyun Xiao
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Matthew Lam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Craig A. Bell
- Centre for Advanced Imaging and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Megan L. O'Mara
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Luke A. Connal
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
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Performance of Candida rugosa lipase supported on nanocellulose-silica-reinforced polyethersulfone membrane for the synthesis of pentyl valerate: Kinetic, thermodynamic and regenerability studies. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.111852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Maldonado MR, Alnoch RC, de Almeida JM, Santos LAD, Andretta AT, Ropaín RDPC, de Souza EM, Mitchell DA, Krieger N. Key mutation sites for improvement of the enantioselectivity of lipases through protein engineering. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Abstract
Lipases are ubiquitous enzymes whose physiological role is the hydrolysis of triacylglycerol into fatty acids. They are the most studied and industrially interesting enzymes, thanks to their versatility to promote a plethora of reactions on a wide range of substrates. In fact, depending on the reaction conditions, they can also catalyze synthesis reactions, such as esterification, acidolysis and transesterification. The latter is particularly important for biodiesel production. Biodiesel can be produced from animal fats or vegetable oils and is considered as a biodegradable, non-toxic and renewable energy source. The use of lipases as industrial catalysts is subordinated to their immobilization on insoluble supports, to allow multiple uses and use in continuous processes, but also to stabilize the enzyme, intrinsically prone to denaturation with consequent loss of activity. Among the materials that can be used for lipase immobilization, mesoporous silica nanoparticles represent a good choice due to the combination of thermal and mechanical stability with controlled textural characteristics. Moreover, the presence of abundant surface hydroxyl groups allows for easy chemical surface functionalization. This latter aspect has the main importance since lipases have a high affinity with hydrophobic supports. The objective of this work is to provide an overview of the recent progress of lipase immobilization in mesoporous silica nanoparticles with a focus on biodiesel production.
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Monteiro RR, Virgen-Ortiz JJ, Berenguer-Murcia Á, da Rocha TN, dos Santos JC, Alcántara AR, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Biotechnological relevance of the lipase A from Candida antarctica. Catal Today 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Aghaei H, Ghavi M, Hashemkhani G, Keshavarz M. Utilization of two modified layered doubled hydroxides as supports for immobilization of Candida rugosa lipase. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:74-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Böhmer W, Volkov A, Engelmark Cassimjee K, Mutti FG. Continuous Flow Bioamination of Ketones in Organic Solvents at Controlled Water Activity using Immobilized ω-Transaminases. Adv Synth Catal 2020; 362:1858-1867. [PMID: 32421034 PMCID: PMC7217232 DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Compared with biocatalysis in aqueous media, the use of enzymes in neat organic solvents enables increased solubility of hydrophobic substrates and can lead to more favorable thermodynamic equilibria, avoidance of possible hydrolytic side reactions and easier product recovery. ω-Transaminases from Arthrobacter sp. (AsR-ωTA) and Chromobacterium violaceum (Cv-ωTA) were immobilized on controlled porosity glass metal-ion affinity beads (EziG) and applied in neat organic solvents for the amination of 1-phenoxypropan-2-one with 2-propylamine. The reaction system was investigated in terms of type of carrier material, organic solvents and reaction temperature. Optimal conditions were found with more hydrophobic carrier materials and toluene as reaction solvent. The system's water activity (aw) was controlled via salt hydrate pairs during both the biocatalyst immobilization step and the progress of the reaction in different non-polar solvents. Notably, the two immobilized ωTAs displayed different optimal values of aw, namely 0.7 for EziG3-AsR-ωTA and 0.2 for EziG3-Cv-ωTA. In general, high catalytic activity was observed in various organic solvents even when a high substrate concentration (450-550 mM) and only one equivalent of 2-propylamine were applied. Under batch conditions, a chemical turnover (TTN) above 13000 was obtained over four subsequent reaction cycles with the same batch of EziG-immobilized ωTA. Finally, the applicability of the immobilized biocatalyst in neat organic solvents was further demonstrated in a continuous flow packed-bed reactor. The flow reactor showed excellent performance without observable loss of enzymatic catalytic activity over several days of operation. In general, ca. 70% conversion was obtained in 72 hours using a 1.82 mL flow reactor and toluene as flow solvent, thus affording a space-time yield of 1.99 g L-1 h-1. Conversion reached above 90% when the reaction was run up to 120 hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Böhmer
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, HIMS-BiocatUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | | | - Francesco G. Mutti
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, HIMS-BiocatUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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