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Hashimoto M, Watari S, Taguchi T, Ishikawa K, Kumamoto T, Okamoto S, Ichinose K. Actinorhodin Biosynthesis Terminates with an Unprecedented Biaryl Coupling Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214400. [PMID: 36460615 PMCID: PMC10108166 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
A plethora of dimeric natural products exist with diverse chemical structures and biological activities. A major strategy for dimerization is aryl coupling catalyzed by cytochrome P450 or laccase. Actinorhodin (ACT) from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) has a dimeric pyranonaphthoquinone structure connected by a C-C bond. In this study, we identified an NmrA-family dimerizing enzyme, ActVA-ORF4, and a cofactor-independent oxidase, ActVA-ORF3, both involved in the last step of ACT biosynthesis. ActVA-ORF4 is a unique NAD(P)H-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the intermolecular C-C bond formation using 8-hydroxydihydrokalafungin (DHK-OH) as the sole substrate. On the other hand, ActVA-ORF3 was found to be a quinone-forming enzyme that produces the coupling substrate, DHK-OH and the final product, ACT. Consequently, the functional assignment of all essential enzymes in the biosynthesis of ACT, one of the best-known model natural products, has been completed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Hashimoto
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20, Shinmachi, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo, 202-8585, Japan.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20, Shinmachi, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo, 202-8585, Japan
| | - Susumu Watari
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20, Shinmachi, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo, 202-8585, Japan
| | - Takaaki Taguchi
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20, Shinmachi, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo, 202-8585, Japan.,National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Kazuki Ishikawa
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20, Shinmachi, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo, 202-8585, Japan.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20, Shinmachi, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo, 202-8585, Japan
| | - Takuya Kumamoto
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Susumu Okamoto
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8642, Japan
| | - Koji Ichinose
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20, Shinmachi, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo, 202-8585, Japan.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20, Shinmachi, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo, 202-8585, Japan
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2
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Baral B, Matroodi S, Siitonen V, Thapa K, Akhgari A, Yamada K, Nuutila A, Metsä-Ketelä M. Co-factor independent oxidases ncnN and actVA-3 are involved in the dimerization of benzoisochromanequinone antibiotics in naphthocyclinone and actinorhodin biosynthesis. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2023; 370:fnad123. [PMID: 37989784 PMCID: PMC10697411 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnad123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptomyces produce complex bioactive secondary metabolites with remarkable chemical diversity. Benzoisochromanequinone polyketides actinorhodin and naphthocyclinone are formed through dimerization of half-molecules via single or double carbon-carbon bonds, respectively. Here we sequenced the genome of S. arenae DSM40737 to identify the naphthocyclinone gene cluster and established heterologous production in S. albus J1074 by utilizing direct cluster capture techniques. Comparative sequence analysis uncovered ncnN and ncnM gene products as putative enzymes responsible for dimerization. Inactivation of ncnN that is homologous to atypical co-factor independent oxidases resulted in the accumulation of fogacin, which is likely a reduced shunt product of the true substrate for naphthocyclinone dimerization. In agreement, inactivation of the homologous actVA-3 in S. coelicolor M145 also led to significantly reduced production of actinorhodin. Previous work has identified the NAD(P)H-dependent reductase ActVA-4 as the key enzyme in actinorhodin dimerization, but surprisingly inactivation of the homologous ncnM did not abolish naphthocyclinone formation and the mutation may have been complemented by an endogenous gene product. Our data suggests that dimerization of benzoisochromanequinone polyketides require two-component reductase-oxidase systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Baral
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Soheila Matroodi
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Oceanography, University of Marine Science and Technology, 64199-34619 Khorramshahr, Iran
| | - Vilja Siitonen
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Keshav Thapa
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Amir Akhgari
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Keith Yamada
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Aleksi Nuutila
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Mikko Metsä-Ketelä
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland
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3
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Yin S, Liu Z, Shen J, Xia Y, Wang W, Gui P, Jia Q, Kachanuban K, Zhu W, Fu P. Chimeric natural products derived from medermycin and the nature-inspired construction of their polycyclic skeletons. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5169. [PMID: 36056035 PMCID: PMC9440243 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32901-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Medermycin, produced by Streptomyces species, represents a family of antibiotics with significant activity against Gram-positive pathogens. The biosynthesis of this family of natural products has been studied, and new skeletons related to medermycin have rarely been reported until recently. Herein, we report eight chimeric medermycin-type natural products with unusual polycyclic skeletons. The formation of these compounds features some key nonenzymatic steps, which inspired us to construct complex polycyclic skeletons via three efficient one-step reactions under mild conditions. This strategy was further developed to efficiently synthesize analogues for biological activity studies. The synthetic compounds, chimedermycins L and M, and sekgranaticin B, show potent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis. This work paves the way for understanding the nonenzymatic formation of complex natural products and using it to synthesize natural product derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shupeng Yin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jingjing Shen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yuwei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Weihong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Pengyan Gui
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Qian Jia
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Konthorn Kachanuban
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Department of Fishery Products, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Weiming Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Peng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China.
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4
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Ishikawa K, Hashimoto M, Komatsu K, Taguchi T, Okamoto S, Ichinose K. Characterization of stereospecific enoyl reductase ActVI-ORF2 for pyran ring formation in the actinorhodin biosynthesis of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 66:128727. [PMID: 35413414 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Actinorhodin (ACT) is a benzoisochromanequinone antibiotic produced by Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2), which has served as a favored model organism for comprehensive studies of antibiotic biosynthesis and its regulation. (S)-DNPA undergoes various modifications as an intermediate in the ACT biosynthetic pathway, including enoyl reduction to DDHK. It has been suggested that actVI-ORF2 encodes an enoyl reductase (ER). However, its function has not been characterized in vitro. In this study, biochemical analysis of recombinant ActVI-ORF2 revealed that (S)-DNPA is converted to DDHK in a stereospecific manner with NADPH acting as a cofactor. (R)-DNPA was also reduced to 3-epi-DDHK with the comparable efficacy as (S)-DNPA, suggesting that the stereospecificity of ActVI-ORF2 was not affected by the stereochemistry at the C-3 of DNPA. ActVI-ORF2 is a new example of a discrete ER, which is distantly related to known ERs according to phylogenetic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Ishikawa
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University 1-1-20, Shinmachi, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Makoto Hashimoto
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University 1-1-20, Shinmachi, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Kunpei Komatsu
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University 1-1-20, Shinmachi, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Takaaki Taguchi
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University 1-1-20, Shinmachi, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan; National Institute of Health Sciences 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Susumu Okamoto
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
| | - Koji Ichinose
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University 1-1-20, Shinmachi, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan.
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5
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Li X, Li X, Zhang QY, Lv P, Jia Y, Wei D. Cofactor-free ActVA-Orf6 monooxygenase catalysis via proton-coupled electron transfer: A QM/MM study. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5525-5534. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00848c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Uncovering the comprehensive catalytic mechanism for the activation of triplet O2 through metal-free and cofactor-free oxidases and oxygenases remains one of the most challenging questions in the area of enzymatic...
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6
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Total Synthesis of 6-Deoxydihydrokalafungin, a Key Biosynthetic Precursor of Actinorhodin, and Its Epimer. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216397. [PMID: 34770806 PMCID: PMC8587838 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In this article, we report the total synthesis of 6-deoxydihydrokalafungin (DDHK), a key biosynthetic intermediate of a dimeric benzoisochromanequinone antibiotic, actinorhodin (ACT), and its epimer, epi-DDHK. Tricyclic hemiacetal with 3-siloxyethyl group was subjected to Et3SiH reduction to establish the 1,3-cis stereochemistry in the benzoisochromane, and a subsequent oxidation/deprotection sequence then afforded epi-DDHK. A bicyclic acetal was subjected to AlH3 reduction to deliver the desired 1,3-trans isomer in an approximately 3:1 ratio, which was subjected to a similar sequence to that used for the 1,3-cis isomer that successfully afforded DDHK. A semisynthetic approach from (S)-DNPA, an isolable biosynthetic precursor of ACT, was also examined to afford DDHK and its epimer, which are identical to the synthetic products.
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7
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Romero E, Jones BS, Hogg BN, Rué Casamajo A, Hayes MA, Flitsch SL, Turner NJ, Schnepel C. Enzymkatalysierte späte Modifizierungen: Besser spät als nie. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 133:16962-16993. [PMID: 38505660 PMCID: PMC10946893 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
AbstractDie Enzymkatalyse gewinnt zunehmend an Bedeutung in der Synthesechemie. Die durch Bioinformatik und Enzym‐Engineering stetig wachsende Zahl von Biokatalysatoren eröffnet eine große Vielfalt selektiver Reaktionen. Insbesondere für späte Funktionalisierungsreaktionen ist die Biokatalyse ein geeignetes Werkzeug, das oftmals der konventionellen De‐novo‐Synthese überlegen ist. Enzyme haben sich als nützlich erwiesen, um funktionelle Gruppen direkt in komplexe Molekülgerüste einzuführen sowie für die rasche Diversifizierung von Substanzbibliotheken. Biokatalytische Oxyfunktionalisierungen, Halogenierungen, Methylierungen, Reduktionen und Amidierungen sind von besonderem Interesse, da diese Strukturmotive häufig in Pharmazeutika vertreten sind. Dieser Aufsatz gibt einen Überblick über die Stärken und Schwächen der enzymkatalysierten späten Modifizierungen durch native und optimierte Enzyme in der Synthesechemie. Ebenso werden wichtige Beispiele in der Wirkstoffentwicklung hervorgehoben.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Romero
- Compound Synthesis and ManagementDiscovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&DAstraZenecaGötheborgSchweden
| | - Bethan S. Jones
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNVereinigtes Königreich
| | - Bethany N. Hogg
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNVereinigtes Königreich
| | - Arnau Rué Casamajo
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNVereinigtes Königreich
| | - Martin A. Hayes
- Compound Synthesis and ManagementDiscovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&DAstraZenecaGötheborgSchweden
| | - Sabine L. Flitsch
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNVereinigtes Königreich
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNVereinigtes Königreich
| | - Christian Schnepel
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNVereinigtes Königreich
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Romero E, Jones BS, Hogg BN, Rué Casamajo A, Hayes MA, Flitsch SL, Turner NJ, Schnepel C. Enzymatic Late-Stage Modifications: Better Late Than Never. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:16824-16855. [PMID: 33453143 PMCID: PMC8359417 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme catalysis is gaining increasing importance in synthetic chemistry. Nowadays, the growing number of biocatalysts accessible by means of bioinformatics and enzyme engineering opens up an immense variety of selective reactions. Biocatalysis especially provides excellent opportunities for late-stage modification often superior to conventional de novo synthesis. Enzymes have proven to be useful for direct introduction of functional groups into complex scaffolds, as well as for rapid diversification of compound libraries. Particularly important and highly topical are enzyme-catalysed oxyfunctionalisations, halogenations, methylations, reductions, and amide bond formations due to the high prevalence of these motifs in pharmaceuticals. This Review gives an overview of the strengths and limitations of enzymatic late-stage modifications using native and engineered enzymes in synthesis while focusing on important examples in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Romero
- Compound Synthesis and ManagementDiscovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&DAstraZenecaGothenburgSweden
| | - Bethan S. Jones
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUnited Kingdom
| | - Bethany N. Hogg
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUnited Kingdom
| | - Arnau Rué Casamajo
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUnited Kingdom
| | - Martin A. Hayes
- Compound Synthesis and ManagementDiscovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&DAstraZenecaGothenburgSweden
| | - Sabine L. Flitsch
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUnited Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUnited Kingdom
| | - Christian Schnepel
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUnited Kingdom
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Cai X, Taguchi T, Wang H, Yuki M, Tanaka M, Gong K, Xu J, Zhao Y, Ichinose K, Li A. Identification of a C-Glycosyltransferase Involved in Medermycin Biosynthesis. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:1059-1069. [PMID: 34080843 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
C-Glycosylation in the biosynthesis of bioactive natural products is quite unique, which has not been studied well. Medermycin, as an antitumor agent in the family of pyranonaphthoquinone antibiotics, is featured with unique C-glycosylation. Here, a new C-glycosyltransferase (C-GT) Med-8 was identified to be essential for the biosynthesis of medermycin, as the first example of C-GT to recognize a rare deoxyaminosugar (angolosamine). med-8 and six genes (med-14, -15, -16, -17, -18, and -20 located in the medermycin biosynthetic gene cluster) predicted for the biosynthesis of angolosamine were proved to be functional and sufficient for C-glycosylation. A C-glycosylation cassette composed of these seven genes could convert a proposed substrate into a C-glycosylated product. In conclusion, these genes involved in the C-glycosylation of medermycin were functionally identified and biosynthetically engineered, and they provided the possibility of producing new C-glycosylated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Cai
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- The College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
- School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Takaaki Taguchi
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Huili Wang
- The College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Megumi Yuki
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Megumi Tanaka
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Kai Gong
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jinghua Xu
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yiming Zhao
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Koji Ichinose
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Aiying Li
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- The College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
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Tsypik O, Makitrynskyy R, Frensch B, Zechel DL, Paululat T, Teufel R, Bechthold A. Oxidative Carbon Backbone Rearrangement in Rishirilide Biosynthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:5913-5917. [PMID: 32182053 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b12736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The structural diversity of type II polyketides is largely generated by tailoring enzymes. In rishirilide biosynthesis by Streptomyces bottropensis, 13C-labeling studies previously implied extraordinary carbon backbone and side-chain rearrangements. In this work, we employ gene deletion experiments and in vitro enzyme studies to identify key biosynthetic intermediates and expose intricate redox tailoring steps for the formation of rishirilides A, B, and D and lupinacidin A. First, the flavin-dependent RslO5 reductively ring-opens the epoxide moiety of an advanced polycyclic intermediate to form an alcohol. Flavin monooxygenase RslO9 then oxidatively rearranges the carbon backbone, presumably via lactone-forming Baeyer-Villiger oxidation and subsequent intramolecular aldol condensation. While RslO9 can further convert the rearranged intermediate to rishirilide D and lupinacidin A, an additional ketoreductase RslO8 is required for formation of the main products rishirilide A and rishirilide B. This work provides insight into the structural diversification of aromatic polyketide natural products via unusual redox tailoring reactions that appear to defy biosynthetic logic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Tsypik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roman Makitrynskyy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Britta Frensch
- Faculty of Biology, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - David L Zechel
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston K7L 3N6, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas Paululat
- Organic Chemistry, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 2, 57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Robin Teufel
- Faculty of Biology, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Bechthold
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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