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Shao MM, Zhai K, Huang ZY, Yi FS, Zheng SC, Liu YL, Qiao X, Chen QY, Wang Z, Shi HZ. Characterization of the alternative splicing landscape in lung adenocarcinoma reveals novel prognosis signature associated with B cells. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279018. [PMID: 37432957 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death. Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a special microenvironment for lung cancer metastasis. Alternative splicing, which is regulated by splicing factors, affects the expression of most genes and influences carcinogenesis and metastasis. METHODS mRNA-seq data and alternative splicing events in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). A risk model was generated by Cox regression analyses and LASSO regression. Cell isolation and flow cytometry were used to identify B cells. RESULTS We systematically analyzed the splicing factors, alternative splicing events, clinical characteristics, and immunologic features of LUAD in the TCGA cohort. A risk signature based on 23 alternative splicing events was established and identified as an independent prognosis factor in LUAD. Among all patients, the risk signature showed a better prognostic value in metastatic patients. By single-sample gene set enrichment analysis, we found that among tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, B cells were most significantly correlated to the risk score. Furthermore, we investigated the classification and function of B cells in MPE, a metastatic microenvironment of LUAD, and found that regulatory B cells might participate in the regulation of the immune microenvironment of MPE through antigen presentation and promotion of regulatory T cell differentiation. CONCLUSIONS We evaluated the prognostic value of alternative splicing events in LUAD and metastatic LUAD. We found that regulatory B cells had the function of antigen presentation, inhibited naïve T cells from differentiating into Th1 cells, and promoted Treg differentiation in LUAD patients with MPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Shao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kan Zhai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong-Yin Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng-Shuang Yi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng-Cai Zheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Lan Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Qiao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Yu Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huan-Zhong Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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2
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Zheng SY, Dong JZ. Role of Toll-Like Receptors and Th Responses in Viral Myocarditis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:843891. [PMID: 35514979 PMCID: PMC9062100 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.843891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocarditis is the common cause of sudden cardiac death, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and heart failure (HF) in young adults. The most common type of myocarditis is viral myocarditis (VMC). Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are vital to identify pathogens in vivo. TLRs promote the differentiation of naive CD4+T cells to T helper (Th) cells, activate the immune response, and participate in the pathogenesis of autoimmune and allergic diseases. Although the pathogenesis of VMC is unclear, autoimmune responses have been confirmed to play a significant role; hence, it could be inferred that VMC is closely related to TLRs and Th responses. Some drugs have been found to improve the prognosis of VMC by regulating the immune response through activated TLRs. In this review, we discuss the role of TLRs and Th responses in VMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yue Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Zeng Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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3
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Niu Y, Zhou Q. Th17 cells and their related cytokines: vital players in progression of malignant pleural effusion. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:194. [PMID: 35298721 PMCID: PMC11072909 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04227-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is an exudative effusion caused by primary or metastatic pleural carcinosis. Th17 cells and their cytokines are critical components in various disease including MPE. In this review, we summarize current published articles regarding the multifunctional roles of Th17 cells and their related cytokines in MPE. Th17 cells are accumulated in MPE compared with paired serum via certain manners. The upregulation of Th17 cells and the interactions between Th17 cells and other immune cells, such as Th1 cells, Th9 cells, regulatory T cells and B cells, are reported to be involved in the formation and development of MPE. In addition, cytokines, which are elaborated by Th17 cells, including IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, IL-26, GM-CSF, or associated with Th17 cells differentiation, including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-23, TGF-β, are linked to the pathogenesis of MPE through exerting pro- or anti-tumorigenic functions on their own as well as regulating the generation and differentiation of Th17 cells in MPE. Based on these findings, we proposed that Th17 cells and their cytokines might be diagnostic or prognostic tools and potential therapeutic targets for MPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Niu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1277, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiong Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1277, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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4
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Yi FS, Zhai K, Shi HZ. Helper T cells in malignant pleural effusion. Cancer Lett 2020; 500:21-28. [PMID: 33309856 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a frequent complication of malignancies and poses a clinical problem. CD4+ T lymphocytes are the most frequent cell population in MPE. Traditionally, CD4+ T cells are classified into two subsets based on cytokine production profiles, type 1 (Th1) and type 2 (Th2) helper T cells, which exhibit distinct functions. Recently, other T-cell subsets have been added to the Th-cell "portfolio", including regulatory T, Th17, Th9, and Th22 cells. The current review focuses on summarizing the Th-cell phenotypic characteristics, mechanism of Th-cell differentiation, and their pleural space recruitment, based on recent research. We also describe the interplay in MPE among different Th cells, as well as Th cells and lung cancer cells or mesothelial cells. Future research should expand the landscape map of human MPE immune cells, explore the immuno-regulation of B cells, and investigate the communication between macrophages and Th cells in MPE, which may facilitate meaningful advancements in the diagnoses and therapeutics of MPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Shuang Yi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kan Zhai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huan-Zhong Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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5
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Wei XS, Pei XB, Liu YL, Wu XZ, Shi HZ, Zhou Q. IL-17A-Producing γδT Cells Inhibit the Formation of Malignant Pleural Effusions. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 61:174-184. [PMID: 30608868 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0201oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
γδT cells are an important source of IL-17A and play an anti- or protumor role depending on the surrounding microenvironment. The precise role of γδT cells in the development of malignant pleural effusions (MPE) remains unknown. Using flow cytometry, we analyzed the distribution and differentiation of γδT cells in wild-type (WT) and IL-10-∕- mice. We carefully elucidated the influence of γδT cells on the formation of MPE by depleting γδT cells from WT, IL-10-∕-, and IL-17a-∕- mice. The distribution of γδT17 cells in human MPE and peripheral blood was also determined. Our data showed that both γδT cells and IL-17A-producing γδT (γδT17) cells accumulated in murine MPE, and IL-10 deficiency enhanced their accumulation. γδT cells were the main source of IL-17A in MPE for both WT and IL-10-∕- mice. IL-10 inhibited the chemotactic response of γδT cells to MPE and the proliferation of these cells. IL-10 suppressed γδT cell secretion of IL-17A via RORγt. The ablation of γδT cells accelerated MPE accumulation in both WT and IL-10-∕- mice, but it did not influence MPE accumulation in IL-17a-∕- mice. Patients with higher frequencies of γδT17 cells had significantly longer survival times than patients with lower frequencies of γδT17 cells. Taken together, our data demonstrate that γδT17 cells play an inhibitory role in the progression of MPE, and the accumulation of γδT17 cells in MPE is suppressed by IL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Shan Wei
- 1Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and
| | | | - Ya-Lan Liu
- 2Center of Medical Research and.,3Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu-Zhi Wu
- 2Center of Medical Research and.,3Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huan-Zhong Shi
- 2Center of Medical Research and.,3Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Zhou
- 1Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and
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6
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Zhang L, Gao L, Xu C, Li X, Wang P, Zhang C, Zhao C. Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide promotes T- helper 17 cell differentiation from human CD4+ naïve T cells via toll-like receptor-2 in vitro. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 107:104483. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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7
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Murthy P, Ekeke CN, Russell KL, Butler SC, Wang Y, Luketich JD, Soloff AC, Dhupar R, Lotze MT. Making cold malignant pleural effusions hot: driving novel immunotherapies. Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:e1554969. [PMID: 30906651 PMCID: PMC6422374 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1554969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural effusions, arising from either primary mesotheliomas or secondary malignancies, heralds advanced disease and poor prognosis. Current treatments, including therapeutic thoracentesis and tube thoracostomy, are largely palliative. The immunosuppressive environment within the pleural cavity includes myeloid derived suppressor cells, T-regulatory cells, and dysfunctional T cells. The advent of effective immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell therapies for lung cancer and other malignancies suggests a renewed examination of local and systemic therapies for this malady. Prior strategies reporting remarkable success, including instillation of the cytokine interleukin-2, perhaps coupled with checkpoint inhibitors, should be further evaluated in the modern era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Murthy
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chigozirim N. Ekeke
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kira L. Russell
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Samuel C. Butler
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - James D. Luketich
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Adam C. Soloff
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rajeev Dhupar
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael T. Lotze
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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8
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Wu XZ, Zhou Q, Lin H, Zhai K, Wang XJ, Yang WB, Shi HZ. Immune Regulation of Toll-Like Receptor 2 Engagement on CD4 + T Cells in Murine Models of Malignant Pleural Effusion. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 56:342-352. [PMID: 27767332 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0396oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 has a well-known role in sensing multiple ligands that include microbial products, endotoxin, and some extracellular matrix molecules; however, its role in the development of malignant pleural effusion (MPE) remains unknown. We performed the present study to explore the impact of TLR2 signaling on the development of MPE and to define the underlying mechanisms by which TLR2 works. Development of MPE was compared between TLR2-/- and wild-type (WT) mice. The effect of TLR2 on differentiation of T helper type 17 (Th17), Th9, and Th2 cells in MPE was explored. The mechanisms of TLR2 on survival of mice bearing MPE were also investigated. MPE volume in TLR2-/- mice was lower than that in WT mice, and the survival of TLR2-/- mice bearing MPE was longer than that of WT mice. TLR2 deficiency increased, and TLR2 activation decreased, Th17 cells in MPE, whereas TLR2 signaling showed the contrary effects on Th2 cells. Th9 cells were increased in MPE of TLR2-/- mice but were not influenced by TLR2 signaling. Intraperitoneal injection of anti-IL-17 monoclonal antibody (mAb), anti-IL-9 mAb, or recombinant mouse IL-4 accelerated the death of TLR2-/- mice bearing MPE, and intraperitoneal injection anti-IL-17 mAb in TLR2-/- mice was associated with a significantly shorter survival time than in WT mice. We have demonstrated, for the first time, that TLR2 signaling promotes the development of MPE and accelerates the death of mice bearing MPE by directly suppressing Th17 cell differentiation and directly promoting Th2 cell differentiation, and also by indirectly suppressing Th9 cell differentiation via an IL-17-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Zhi Wu
- 1 Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Zhou
- 2 Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and
| | - Hua Lin
- 2 Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and.,3 Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Kan Zhai
- 1 Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Wang
- 1 Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Bing Yang
- 2 Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and
| | - Huan-Zhong Shi
- 1 Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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9
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Martincuks A, Andryka K, Küster A, Schmitz-Van de Leur H, Komorowski M, Müller-Newen G. Nuclear translocation of STAT3 and NF-κB are independent of each other but NF-κB supports expression and activation of STAT3. Cell Signal 2017; 32:36-47. [PMID: 28089769 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
NF-κB and STAT3 are essential transcription factors in immunity and act at the interface of the transition from chronic inflammation to cancer. Different functional crosstalks between NF-κB and STAT3 have been recently described arguing for a direct interaction of both proteins. During a systematic analysis of NF-κB/STAT3 crosstalk we observed that appearance of the subcellular distribution of NF-κB and STAT3 in immunofluorescence heavily depends on the fixation procedure. Therefore, we established an optimized fixation protocol for the reliable simultaneous analysis of the subcellular distributions of both transcription factors. Using this protocol we found that cytokine-induced nuclear accumulation of NF-κB or STAT3 did not alter the subcellular distribution of the other transcription factor. Both knockout and overexpression of STAT3 does not have any major effect on canonical TNFα-NF-κB signalling in MEF or HeLa cells. Similarly, knockout of p65 did not alter nuclear accumulation of STAT3 in response to IL-6. However, p65 expression correlates with elevated total cellular levels of STAT3 and STAT1 and supports activation of these transcription factors. Our findings in MEF cells argue against a direct physical interaction of free cellular NF-κB and STAT3 but point to more intricate functional interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antons Martincuks
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Andryka
- Systems Biology of Biochemical Signalling, Laboratory of Modelling in Biology and Medicine, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5b, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Andrea Küster
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Michal Komorowski
- Systems Biology of Biochemical Signalling, Laboratory of Modelling in Biology and Medicine, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5b, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Gerhard Müller-Newen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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Wang M, Xu G, Lü L, Xu K, Chen Y, Pan H, Burstrom B, Burstrom K, Wang J. Genetic polymorphisms of IL-17A, IL-17F, TLR4 and miR-146a in association with the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28586. [PMID: 27339100 PMCID: PMC4919632 DOI: 10.1038/srep28586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic factors affect host susceptibility to pathogens. In this population-based case control study, we explored the genetic polymorphisms of IL-17, TLR4 and miR-146a in association with pulmonary tuberculosis in a Chinese Han population. We recruited 1601 pulmonary tuberculosis patients matched with 1526 healthy controls and genotyped twelve functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). After the correction for multiple comparisons, two SNPs (rs10759932 and rs2737190) in the TLR4 gene remained significant. Individuals carrying the rs2737190-AG genotype (vs. AA) had a significantly increased risk of either clinical tuberculosis (OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.11–1.53) or sputum smear-positive tuberculosis (OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.13–1.61). Stratification analysis revealed that the effects of genetic variations on tuberculosis were more evident among non-smokers. People with haplotype TLR4 rs10983755G–rs10759932C had a significantly increased risk of tuberculosis (OR: 3.43, 95% CI: 2.34–5.05). Moreover, we found that SNPs of rs3819024 in IL-17A and rs763780 in IL-17F were weakly related to a prognosis of tuberculosis. Our results suggest that genetic polymorphisms of IL-17 and TLR4 may play a role in host susceptibility to tuberculosis in the Chinese Han population. More work is necessary to identify specific causative variants of tuberculosis underlying the observed associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Guisheng Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Lingshuang Lü
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Kun Xu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yongzhong Chen
- Department of Tuberculosis, Third Hospital of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, 212005 PR China
| | - Hongqiu Pan
- Department of Tuberculosis, Third Hospital of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, 212005 PR China
| | - Bo Burstrom
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.,Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristina Burstrom
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.,Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jianming Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,The Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
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