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Ostendorf T, Zillinger T, Andryka K, Schlee-Guimaraes TM, Schmitz S, Marx S, Bayrak K, Linke R, Salgert S, Wegner J, Grasser T, Bauersachs S, Soltesz L, Hübner MP, Nastaly M, Coch C, Kettwig M, Roehl I, Henneke M, Hoerauf A, Barchet W, Gärtner J, Schlee M, Hartmann G, Bartok E. Immune Sensing of Synthetic, Bacterial, and Protozoan RNA by Toll-like Receptor 8 Requires Coordinated Processing by RNase T2 and RNase 2. Immunity 2020; 52:591-605.e6. [PMID: 32294405 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Human toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8) activation induces a potent T helper-1 (Th1) cell response critical for defense against intracellular pathogens, including protozoa. The receptor harbors two distinct binding sites, uridine and di- and/or trinucleotides, but the RNases upstream of TLR8 remain poorly characterized. We identified two endolysosomal endoribonucleases, RNase T2 and RNase 2, that act synergistically to release uridine from oligoribonucleotides. RNase T2 cleaves preferentially before, and RNase 2 after, uridines. Live bacteria, P. falciparum-infected red blood cells, purified pathogen RNA, and synthetic oligoribonucleotides all required RNase 2 and T2 processing to activate TLR8. Uridine supplementation restored RNA recognition in RNASE2-/- or RNASET2-/- but not RNASE2-/-RNASET2-/- cells. Primary immune cells from RNase T2-hypomorphic patients lacked a response to bacterial RNA but responded robustly to small-molecule TLR8 ligands. Our data identify an essential function of RNase T2 and RNase 2 upstream of TLR8 and provide insight into TLR8 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ostendorf
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Zillinger
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Andryka
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Saskia Schmitz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Samira Marx
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kübra Bayrak
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Rebecca Linke
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sarah Salgert
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Julia Wegner
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tatjana Grasser
- Axolabs GmbH, Fritz-Hornschuch-Strasse 9, 95326 Kulmbach, Germany
| | - Sonja Bauersachs
- Axolabs GmbH, Fritz-Hornschuch-Strasse 9, 95326 Kulmbach, Germany
| | - Leon Soltesz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marc P Hübner
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Maximilian Nastaly
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Coch
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Miltenyi Biotech, Biomedicine Division, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Matthias Kettwig
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ingo Roehl
- Axolabs GmbH, Fritz-Hornschuch-Strasse 9, 95326 Kulmbach, Germany
| | - Marco Henneke
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Achim Hoerauf
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Winfried Barchet
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jutta Gärtner
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin Schlee
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gunther Hartmann
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Eva Bartok
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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Bartok ES, Ostendorf T, Zillinger T, Andryka K, Guimaraes TM, Schmitz S, Marx S, Bayrak K, Linke R, Salgert S, Grasser T, Baersachs S, Hübner M, Soltesz L, Kettwig M, Nastaly M, Roehl I, Henneke M, Barchet W, Gärtner J, Schlee M, Hartmann G. Immune sensing of synthetic, bacterial and protozoan RNA by TLR8 requires coordinated processing of RNA substrates by RNaseT2 and RNase2. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.226.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Human TLR8 is an essential sensor of bacterial RNA which induces proinflammatory and Th1 cytokines. Crystallography revealed that TLR8 binds both uridine and short single-stranded RNA, but the RNases that process the RNA are still unknown. Herein, we demonstrate that two endosomal endoribonucleases, RNaseT2 and RNase2, can process RNA for TLR8 recognition. In the endosome, RNase2 and -T2 act synergistically to release uridine from oligoribonucleotides, with RNaseT2 cleaving preferentially before and RNase2 after uridines. Live bacteria, P. falciparum-infected red blood cells, purified pathogen RNA, and synthetic ligands all required RNase processing for TLR8 activation, and uridine supplementation restored RNA recognition in RNASE2−/− or RNASET2−/− but not double knockout cells. Strikingly, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from RNaseT2 hypomorphic patients did not respond to bacterial RNA but did to small-molecule TLR8 agonists. Our data provide a novel insight into TLR8 activation and its differences between cell types and species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Sarah Bartok
- 1Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Ostendorf
- 1Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Zillinger
- 1Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Andryka
- 1Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Saskia Schmitz
- 1Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Samira Marx
- 1Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Kübra Bayrak
- 1Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Rebecca Linke
- 1Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Sarah Salgert
- 1Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | - Marc Hübner
- 3Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Leon Soltesz
- 1Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Kettwig
- 4Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg August University Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Nastaly
- 1Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Marco Henneke
- 4Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg August University Göttingen, Germany
| | - Winfried Barchet
- 1Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Jutta Gärtner
- 4Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg August University Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin Schlee
- 1Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Gunther Hartmann
- 1Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Germany
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Martincuks A, Andryka K, Küster A, Schmitz-Van de Leur H, Komorowski M, Müller-Newen G. Nuclear translocation of STAT3 and NF-κB are independent of each other but NF-κB supports expression and activation of STAT3. Cell Signal 2017; 32:36-47. [PMID: 28089769 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
NF-κB and STAT3 are essential transcription factors in immunity and act at the interface of the transition from chronic inflammation to cancer. Different functional crosstalks between NF-κB and STAT3 have been recently described arguing for a direct interaction of both proteins. During a systematic analysis of NF-κB/STAT3 crosstalk we observed that appearance of the subcellular distribution of NF-κB and STAT3 in immunofluorescence heavily depends on the fixation procedure. Therefore, we established an optimized fixation protocol for the reliable simultaneous analysis of the subcellular distributions of both transcription factors. Using this protocol we found that cytokine-induced nuclear accumulation of NF-κB or STAT3 did not alter the subcellular distribution of the other transcription factor. Both knockout and overexpression of STAT3 does not have any major effect on canonical TNFα-NF-κB signalling in MEF or HeLa cells. Similarly, knockout of p65 did not alter nuclear accumulation of STAT3 in response to IL-6. However, p65 expression correlates with elevated total cellular levels of STAT3 and STAT1 and supports activation of these transcription factors. Our findings in MEF cells argue against a direct physical interaction of free cellular NF-κB and STAT3 but point to more intricate functional interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antons Martincuks
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Andryka
- Systems Biology of Biochemical Signalling, Laboratory of Modelling in Biology and Medicine, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5b, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Andrea Küster
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Michal Komorowski
- Systems Biology of Biochemical Signalling, Laboratory of Modelling in Biology and Medicine, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5b, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Gerhard Müller-Newen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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4
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Kotula-Balak M, Grzmil P, Chojnacka K, Andryka K, Bilinska B. Do photoperiod and endocrine disruptor 4-tert-octylphenol effect on spermatozoa of bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus)? Gen Comp Endocrinol 2014; 201:21-9. [PMID: 24698786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Photoperiod is an environmental signal that controls physiology and behavior of all organisms. Bank voles, which are seasonal breeders, are stimulated to reproduce by the long photoperiod associated with spring and summer. To date, physiology of bank vole spermatozoa has not been explored, although they constitute an interesting model for examining the relationship between photoperiod and xenoestrogen on spermatozoa function. In an attempt to evaluate the acute effect of 4-tert-octylphenol (OP) an in vitro system was used. Spermatozoa isolated from the cauda epididymidies of long-day (LD; 18 h light: 6 h darkness) and short-day (SD; 6 h light: 18 h darkness) bank voles were treated with two OP concentrations (10(-4) M and 10(-8)M, respectively). OP-treated spermatozoa were used for the examination of motility parameters (computer-assisted semen analyzer CEROS), acrosome integrity (Commassie blue staining), cAMP production (immunoenzymatic assay) and cell viability (flow-cytometry analysis). The study revealed the photoperiod-dependent effect of short OP-treatment on motility parameters of vole spermatozoa. In LD spermatozoa, an increase of velocities: (curvilinear velocity [VCL], average path velocity [VAP] straight line velocity [VSL]) and head activity (amplitude of the lateral head displacement, [ALH]) was found. Interestingly, in SD spermatozoa opposite effect on VCL, VAP, VSL and ALH was observed, however only after treatment with 10(-4)M OP. The dose-dependent influence of OP upon acrosome integrity, as well as cAMP levels, in relation to the reproductive status of voles was observed. Moreover, OP exposure affected spermatozoa morphology rather than spermatozoa viability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pawel Grzmil
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Chojnacka
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Andryka
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Bilinska
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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