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Inflammation Alters the Secretome and Immunomodulatory Properties of Human Skin-Derived Precursor Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040914. [PMID: 32276503 PMCID: PMC7226778 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human skin-derived precursors (SKP) represent a group of somatic stem/precursor cells that reside in dermal skin throughout life that harbor clinical potential. SKP have a high self-renewal capacity, the ability to differentiate into multiple cell types and low immunogenicity, rendering them key candidates for allogeneic cell-based, off-the-shelf therapy. However, potential clinical application of allogeneic SKP requires that these cells retain their therapeutic properties under all circumstances and, in particular, in the presence of an inflammation state. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the impact of pro-inflammatory stimulation on the secretome and immunosuppressive properties of SKP. We demonstrated that pro-inflammatory stimulation of SKP significantly changes their expression and the secretion profile of chemo/cytokines and growth factors. Most importantly, we observed that pro-inflammatory stimulated SKP were still able to suppress the graft-versus-host response when cotransplanted with human PBMC in severe-combined immune deficient (SCID) mice, albeit to a much lesser extent than unstimulated SKP. Altogether, this study demonstrates that an inflammatory microenvironment has a significant impact on the immunological properties of SKP. These alterations need to be taken into account when developing allogeneic SKP-based therapies.
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Dodero A, Scarfi S, Pozzolini M, Vicini S, Alloisio M, Castellano M. Alginate-Based Electrospun Membranes Containing ZnO Nanoparticles as Potential Wound Healing Patches: Biological, Mechanical, and Physicochemical Characterization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:3371-3381. [PMID: 31876405 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, alginate-based mats with and without ZnO nanoparticles were prepared via an electrospinning technique and subjected to a washing-cross-linking process to obtain highly stable products characterized by thin and homogeneous nanofibers with a diameter of 100 ± 30 nm. Using a commercial collagen product as control, the biological response of the prepared mats was carefully evaluated with particular attention paid to the influence of the used cross-linking agent (Ca2+, Sr2+, or Ba2+ ions) and to the presence of nanofillers. Fibroblast and keratinocyte cultures successfully proved the safety of the prepared alginate-based mats, whereas ZnO nanoparticles were found to provide strong antibacteriostatic and antibacterial properties; above all, the strontium- and barium-cross-linked samples showed performances in terms of cell adhesion and growth very similar to those of the commercial collagen membrane despite them showing a significantly lower protein adsorption. Moreover, the mechanical and water-related properties of the strontium-cross-linked mats embedding ZnO nanoparticles were proven to be similar to those of human skin (i.e., Young modulus of 470 MPa and water vapor permeability of 3.8 × 10-12 g/m Pa s), thus proving the ability of the prepared mats to be able to endure considerable stress, maintaining at the same time the fundamental ability to remove exudates. Taking into account the obtained results, the proposed alginate-based products could lead to harmless and affordable surgical patches and wound dressing membranes with a simpler and safer production procedure than the commonly employed animal collagen-derived systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Dodero
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry (DCCI) , University of Genoa , Via Dodecaneso 31 , 16146 Genoa , Italy
| | - Sonia Scarfi
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV) , University of Genoa , Via Pastore 3 , 16132 Genoa , Italy
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R) , Italy
| | - Marina Pozzolini
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV) , University of Genoa , Via Pastore 3 , 16132 Genoa , Italy
| | - Silvia Vicini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry (DCCI) , University of Genoa , Via Dodecaneso 31 , 16146 Genoa , Italy
| | - Marina Alloisio
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry (DCCI) , University of Genoa , Via Dodecaneso 31 , 16146 Genoa , Italy
| | - Maila Castellano
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry (DCCI) , University of Genoa , Via Dodecaneso 31 , 16146 Genoa , Italy
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Bergeron L, Busuttil V, Botto JM. Multipotentiality of skin-derived precursors: application to the regeneration of skin and other tissues. Int J Cosmet Sci 2020; 42:5-15. [PMID: 31612512 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Skin-derived precursors (SKPs) have been described as multipotent dermal precursors. Here, we provide a review of the breadth and depth of scientific literature and studies regarding SKPs, accounting for a large number of scientific publications. Interestingly, these progenitors can be isolated from embryonic and adult skin, as well as from a population of dermal cells cultured in vitro in monolayer. Gathering information from different authors, this review explores different aspects of the SKP theme, such as the potential distinct origins of SKPs in rodents and in humans, and also their ability to differentiate in vitro and in vivo into multiple lineages of different progeny. This remarkable capacity makes SKPs an interesting endogenous source of precursors to explore in the framework of experimental and therapeutic applications in different domains. SKPs are not only involved in the skin's dermal maintenance and support as well as wound healing, but also in hair follicle morphogenesis. This review points out the interests of future researches on SKPs for innovative perspectives that may be helpful in many different types of scientific and medical domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bergeron
- Ashland Specialties France, Global Skin Research Center, 655, route du Pin Montard, 06904, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - V Busuttil
- Ashland Specialties France, Global Skin Research Center, 655, route du Pin Montard, 06904, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - J-M Botto
- Ashland Specialties France, Global Skin Research Center, 655, route du Pin Montard, 06904, Sophia Antipolis, France
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Bioactive Molecules for Skin Repair and Regeneration: Progress and Perspectives. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:6789823. [PMID: 32082386 PMCID: PMC7012201 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6789823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin regeneration is a vexing problem in the field of regenerative medicine. A bioactive molecule-based strategy has been frequently used in skin wound healing in recent years. Bioactive molecules are practical tools for regulating cellular processes and have been applied to control cellular differentiation, dedifferentiation, and reprogramming. In this review, we focus on recent progress in the use of bioactive molecules in skin regenerative medicine, by which desired cell types can be generated in vitro for cell therapy and conventional therapeutics can be developed to repair and regenerate skin in vivo through activation of the endogenous repairing potential. We further prospect that the bioactive molecule-base method might be one of the promising strategies to achieve in situ skin regeneration in the future.
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Nilforoushzadeh MA, Amirkhani MA, Hamidieh AA, Seifalian AM, Sisakht MM. Skin regenerative medicine advancements in the Islamic Republic of Iran: a concise review. Regen Med 2019; 14:1047-1056. [PMID: 31718464 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2018-0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, the Islamic Republic of Iran has witnessed significant improvement and growth in the field of interdisciplinary medicine and in its translation to patients, including the field of cell and stem cell therapy. The main aim of this report is to highlight various advances in regenerative medicine for skin and dermatology using stem cell technology, and its translation to clinic in the past two decades, in Iranian academic centers, clinical institutes and hospitals. While there have been numerous positive advances in clinical outcomes reported in Iran, there is no comparative analytical information on these studies. Here we present a historical overview of the progress and key advancements seen in skin regeneration in this country, review the research frameworks, regulatory approach and pathways and offer perspectives for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Amir Amirkhani
- Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Ali Hamidieh
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Pediatric Stem Cell Transplant Department, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alexander M Seifalian
- Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine Commercialization Centre (Ltd), The London Bioscience Innovation Centre, London, UK
| | - Mahsa Mollapour Sisakht
- Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Nejaddehbashi F, Hashemitabar M, Bayati V, Moghimipour E, Movaffagh J, Orazizadeh M, Abbaspour MR. Incorporation of Silver Sulfadiazine into An Electrospun Composite of Polycaprolactone as An Antibacterial Scaffold for Wound Healing in Rats. CELL JOURNAL 2019; 21:379-390. [PMID: 31376319 PMCID: PMC6722444 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2020.6341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective Fabrication of an antibiotic-loaded scaffold with controlled release properties for wound dressing is one of
tissue engineering challenges. The aim of this study was to evaluate the wound-healing effectiveness of 500-µm thick
polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibrous mat containing silver sulfadiazine (SSD) as an antibacterial agent.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, an electrospun membrane of PCL nanofibrous mat containing 0.3%
weight SSD with 500 µm thickness, was prepared. Morphological and thermomechanical characteristics of nanofibers
were evaluated. Drug content and drug release properties as well as the surface hydrophobicity of the nanofibrous
membrane were determined. Antimicrobial properties and cellular viability of the scaffold were also examined. A full
thickness wound of 400 mm2 was created in rats, to evaluate the wound-healing effects of PCL/SSD blend in comparison
with PCL and vaseline gas used as the control group.
Results SSD at a concentration of 0.3% improved physicochemical properties of PCL. This concentration of SSD did
not inhibit the attachment of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) to nanofibers in vitro, but showed antibacterial activity
against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (ST) and Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PS). Overall,
results showed that SSD improves characteristics of PCL nanofibrous film and improves wound-healing process in
one-week earlier compared to control.
Conclusion Cytotoxicity of SSD in fabricated nanofibrous mat is a critical challenge in designing an effective wound
dressing that neutralizes cellular toxicity and improves antimicrobial activity. The PCL/SSD nanofibrous membrane with 500-
µm thickness and 0.3% (w/v) SSD showed applicable characteristics as a wound dressing and it accelerated wound healing
process in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Nejaddehbashi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hashemitabar
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Vahid Bayati
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Eskandar Moghimipour
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Jabraeel Movaffagh
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Orazizadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Electronic Address:.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Abbaspour
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Electronic Address:
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Liu Z, Wen J, Leng X, Zhou Q, Zhou C, Zhao H, Wu X. A Simplified and Efficient Method to Isolate Primary Human Keratinocytes from Adult Skin Tissue. J Vis Exp 2018:57784. [PMID: 30199027 PMCID: PMC6231857 DOI: 10.3791/57784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary human keratinocytes isolated from fresh skin tissues and their expansion in vitro have been widely used for laboratory research and for clinical applications. The conventional isolation method of human keratinocytes involves a two-step sequential enzymatic digestion procedure, which has been proven to be inefficient in generating primary cells from adult tissues due to the low cell recovery rate and reduced cell viability. We recently reported an advanced method to isolate human primary epidermal progenitor cells from skin tissues that utilizes the Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632 in the medium. Compared with the traditional protocol, this new method is simpler, easier, and less time-consuming, and increases epithelial stem cell yield and enhances their stem cell characteristics. Moreover, the new methodology does not require the separation of the epidermis from the dermis, and, therefore, is suitable for isolating cells from different types of adult tissues. This new isolation method overcomes the major shortcomings of conventional methods and is more suitable for producing large numbers of epidermal cells with high potency both for laboratory and for clinical applications. Here, we describe the new method in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenan Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University
| | - Jie Wen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University; Suzhou Institute of Shandong University
| | - Xue Leng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University
| | - Qian Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University
| | - Changkuo Zhou
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University
| | - Huaqiang Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University;
| | - Xunwei Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University; Suzhou Institute of Shandong University;
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Mofazzal Jahromi MA, Sahandi Zangabad P, Moosavi Basri SM, Sahandi Zangabad K, Ghamarypour A, Aref AR, Karimi M, Hamblin MR. Nanomedicine and advanced technologies for burns: Preventing infection and facilitating wound healing. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 123:33-64. [PMID: 28782570 PMCID: PMC5742034 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
According to the latest report from the World Health Organization, an estimated 265,000 deaths still occur every year as a direct result of burn injuries. A widespread range of these deaths induced by burn wound happens in low- and middle-income countries, where survivors face a lifetime of morbidity. Most of the deaths occur due to infections when a high percentage of the external regions of the body area is affected. Microbial nutrient availability, skin barrier disruption, and vascular supply destruction in burn injuries as well as systemic immunosuppression are important parameters that cause burns to be susceptible to infections. Topical antimicrobials and dressings are generally employed to inhibit burn infections followed by a burn wound therapy, because systemic antibiotics have problems in reaching the infected site, coupled with increasing microbial drug resistance. Nanotechnology has provided a range of molecular designed nanostructures (NS) that can be used in both therapeutic and diagnostic applications in burns. These NSs can be divided into organic and non-organic (such as polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) and silver NPs, respectively), and many have been designed to display multifunctional activity. The present review covers the physiology of skin, burn classification, burn wound pathogenesis, animal models of burn wound infection, and various topical therapeutic approaches designed to combat infection and stimulate healing. These include biological based approaches (e.g. immune-based antimicrobial molecules, therapeutic microorganisms, antimicrobial agents, etc.), antimicrobial photo- and ultrasound-therapy, as well as nanotechnology-based wound healing approaches as a revolutionizing area. Thus, we focus on organic and non-organic NSs designed to deliver growth factors to burned skin, and scaffolds, dressings, etc. for exogenous stem cells to aid skin regeneration. Eventually, recent breakthroughs and technologies with substantial potentials in tissue regeneration and skin wound therapy (that are as the basis of burn wound therapies) are briefly taken into consideration including 3D-printing, cell-imprinted substrates, nano-architectured surfaces, and novel gene-editing tools such as CRISPR-Cas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Ali Mofazzal Jahromi
- Department of Advanced Medical Sciences & Technologies, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences (JUMS), Jahrom, Iran; Research Center for Noncommunicable Diseases, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences (JUMS), Jahrom, Iran
| | - Parham Sahandi Zangabad
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology (RCPN), Tabriz University of Medical Science (TUOMS), Tabriz, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Bio-Nano-Interfaces: Convergence of Sciences (BNICS), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Masoud Moosavi Basri
- Bio-Nano-Interfaces: Convergence of Sciences (BNICS), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Bioenvironmental Research Center, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; Civil & Environmental Engineering Department, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Keyvan Sahandi Zangabad
- Bio-Nano-Interfaces: Convergence of Sciences (BNICS), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Department of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, PO Box 51335-1996, Tabriz, Iran; Nanomedicine Research Association (NRA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ameneh Ghamarypour
- Bio-Nano-Interfaces: Convergence of Sciences (BNICS), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad university, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir R Aref
- Department of Medical Oncology, Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mahdi Karimi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, USA.
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Xian D, Gao X, Xiong X, Xu J, Yang L, Pan L, Zhong J. Photoprotection against UV-induced damage by skin-derived precursors in hairless mice. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 175:73-82. [PMID: 28865317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin photodamage is associated with UV-induced overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the inactivation of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Skin-derived precursor cells (SKPs), a population of dermal stem cells, are considered to be involved in wound repair and skin regeneration through the activation of Nrf2. However, no reports concentrate on the treatment of skin photodamage with SKPs. OBJECTIVE To investigate the photoprotective role of SKPs against UV-induced damage in mice. METHODS Fifty Balb/c hairless mice were divided into five groups (n=10), namely, normal (no intervention), model, prevention, treatment, and control groups. The latter four groups were dorsally exposed to UVA+UVB irradiation over a 2-week period. Mice in the prevention group received weekly SKP injections for 2weeks the day before irradiation. Mice in the treatment and Hanks groups received a two-time injection of SKPs and Hanks, respectively, after irradiation. One week after final intervention, skin appearance, pathological alterations, and oxidative indicators were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunohistochemical analysis, and western blotting. RESULTS After irradiation, lesions were observed on the dorsal skin of mice, including erythema, edema, scales, and wrinkles; however, these were significantly ameliorated by subcutaneous SKP injection. Hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, and spongiosis in the epidermis, as well as dermal papillae edema and inflammatory cell infiltration, were observed in both model and control groups; however, these conditions resolved with either pretreatment or posttreatment with SKPs. In addition, SKPs increased Nrf2, heme oxygenase-1, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and gluthathione expression, while decreasing levels of ROS, MDA, and H2O2. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that SKPs have a photoprotective role against UV-induced damage in mice, which may be associated with their ability to scavenge photo-oxidative insults and activate Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehai Xian
- Department of Neurobiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xiaoqing Gao
- Department of Neurobiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xia Xiong
- Department of Dermatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jixiang Xu
- Department of Dermatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Lingyu Yang
- Department of Dermatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Lun Pan
- Department of Dermatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jianqiao Zhong
- Department of Dermatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
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