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Ullah A, Chen Y, Singla RK, Cao D, Shen B. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and CXC chemokines as game-changer in age-associated prostate cancer and ovarian cancer: Insights from preclinical and clinical studies' outcomes. Pharmacol Res 2024; 204:107213. [PMID: 38750677 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) and Ovarian cancer (OC) are two of the most common types of cancer that affect the reproductive systems of older men and women. These cancers are associated with a poor quality of life among the aged population. Therefore, finding new and innovative ways to detect, treat, and prevent these cancers in older patients is essential. Finding biomarkers for these malignancies will increase the chance of early detection and effective treatment, subsequently improving the survival rate. Studies have shown that the prevalence and health of some illnesses are linked to an impaired immune system. However, the age-associated changes in the immune system during malignancies such as PC and OC are poorly understood. Recent research has suggested that the excessive production of inflammatory immune mediators, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), transforming growth factor (TGF), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), CXC motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1), CXC motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12), and CXC motif chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13), etc., significantly impact the development of PC and OC in elderly patients. Our review focuses on the latest functional studies of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukins) and CXC chemokines, which serve as biomarkers in elderly patients with PC and OC. Thus, we aim to shed light on how these biomarkers affect the development of PC and OC in elderly patients. We also examine the current status and future perspective of cytokines (interleukins) and CXC chemokines-based therapeutic targets in OC and PC treatment for elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Ullah
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center of West China Hospital and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongxiu Chen
- Gynecology Department, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, No. 521, Xingnan Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511442, China
| | - Rajeev K Singla
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center of West China Hospital and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Dan Cao
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center of West China Hospital and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bairong Shen
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center of West China Hospital and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Li W, Mao Y, Hua B, Gu X, Lu C, Xu B, Pan W. Sasanquasaponin inhibited epithelial to mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer by regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Smad pathways. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:1865-1875. [PMID: 36205544 PMCID: PMC9553173 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2123931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Sasanquasaponin (SQS) is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine proved to have a wide range of pharmacological functions. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to explore the effect and underlying mechanism of SQS in the treatment of prostate cancer (PC). MATERIALS AND METHODS PC cell lines (22Rv1 and PC-3) were treated with SQS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 μM) for 12 or 24 h. The viability of cells was evaluated, while the mRNA and protein levels of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related genes in PC cell lines were measured (Groups: Control, TGF-β1, TNF-α, TGF-β1 + TNF-α, and TGF-β1 + TNF-α + SQS). The migration and invasion abilities of PC cell lines were evaluated (Groups: Control, SQS). Finally, the antitumour effect of SQS (25, 50,100, and 200 mg/kg) in BALB/c nude mice (6 weeks, 18-20 g) was evaluated (Groups: Control, Vehicle, 25, 50,100, and 200 mg/kg SQS). The study duration was 1 month. RESULTS SQS inhibited the viability and the number of colonies of 22Rv1 or PC-3 cells. The IC50 of SQS of 12 and 24 h in these two cells was 3.25, 1.82, 4.76, and 4.70 μM, respectively. SQS inhibited the adhesion, migration, and invasion of PC cells. It also inhibited the expression of EMT-related markers of PC cells. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Smad2/3 signalling pathways were activated in the process of EMT, and SQS could significantly reduce the activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Smad2/3 pathways. Finally, SQS inhibited the growth of xenograft tumours in vivo. CONCLUSIONS SQS inhibited EMT in PC by regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Smad pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Li
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanshen Mao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bao Hua
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Gu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- CONTACT Xu Bin
| | - Weixin Pan
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Urology, Hainan Western Central Hospital, Danzhou, China
- Weixin Pan Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Manufacturing Bureau Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai200011, China
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de Oliveira LCB, Nunes HL, Ribeiro DL, do Nascimento JR, da Rocha CQ, de Syllos Cólus IM, Serpeloni JM. Aglycone flavonoid brachydin A shows selective cytotoxicity and antitumoral activity in human metastatic prostate (DU145) cancer cells. Cytotechnology 2021; 73:761-774. [PMID: 34776627 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-021-00495-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In prostate cancer, flavonoids possess a wide variety of anticancer effects, focused on the antioxidant/pro-oxidant activity, inactivation of the androgen receptor, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis induction, metastasis inhibition, among others. This current research investigated the antitumoral in vitro activity of Brachydin A (BrA), a dimeric flavonoid isolated from Fridericia platyphylla, in human castration-resistant prostate cancer DU145. It was compared BrA selective effects in tumor prostate DU145 cells with non-tumor prostate epithelial PNT2 cells. Cell viability experiments (resazurin, neutral red, MTT, and LDH release assays) showed that BrA was sevenfold more cytotoxic to tumor cells than non-tumor prostate cells, with IC50 values of 77.7 µM and 10.7 µM for PNT2 and DU145 cells, respectively. Furthermore, BrA induced necrosis and apoptosis (triple fluorescence staining assay) without interfering with oxidative stress (CM-H2DCFDA) in DU145 cells. Also, BrA (15.36 µM) reduced cell proliferation on clonogenic assay (DU145 cells) but no change in cell number and protein content was observed when cell growth curve assay was used. Wound healing and transwell assays were used for checking the effects of BrA on cell migration and invasion, and BrA impaired these processes in PNT2 (wound healing) and DU145 cells (transwell). Our results inspire further studies to test BrA as a novel chemotherapeutic drug and to evaluate its effects on drug-resistant metastatic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Higor Lopes Nunes
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, 86057-970 Brazil
| | - Diego Luis Ribeiro
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-903 Brazil
| | | | - Cláudia Quintino da Rocha
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, 65080-805 Brazil
| | - Ilce Mara de Syllos Cólus
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, 86057-970 Brazil
| | - Juliana Mara Serpeloni
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, 86057-970 Brazil.,Laboratório de Mutagênese e Oncogenética, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - PR 445 Km 380 Cx. Postal 10.011 - Campus Universitário, Londrina, PR CEP: 86057-970 Brazil
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Zhu R, Li X, Cai Z, Liang S, Yuan Y, Xu Y, Lai D, Zhao H, Yang W, Bian J, Liu L, Xu G. Risk Scores Based on Six Survival-Related RNAs in a Competing Endogenous Network Composed of Differentially Expressed RNAs Between Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients Carrying Wild-Type or Mutant Von Hippel-Lindau Serve Well to Predict Malignancy and Prognosis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:726671. [PMID: 34760693 PMCID: PMC8573174 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.726671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) carrying wild-type Von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor are more invasive and of high morbidity. Concurrently, competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network has been suggested to play an important role in ccRCC malignancy. In order to understand why the patients carrying wild-type VHL gene have high degrees of invasion and morbidity, we applied bioinformatics approaches to identify 861 differentially expressed RNAs (DE-RNAs) between patients carrying wild-type and patients carrying mutant VHL from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, established a ceRNA network including 122 RNAs, and elected six survival-related DE-RNAs including Linc00942, Linc00858, RP13_392I16.1, hsa-miR-182-5p, hsa-miR-183-5p, and PAX3. Examining clinical samples from our hospital revealed that patients carrying wild-type VHL had significantly higher levels of all six RNAs than those carrying mutant VHL. Patients carrying wild-type VHL had significantly higher risk scores, which were calculated based on expression levels of all six RNAs, than those carrying mutant VHL. Patients with higher risk scores had significantly shorter survival times than those with lower risk scores. Therefore, the risk scores serve well to predict malignancy and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhu
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiezhao Li
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiduan Cai
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyang Liang
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaoji Yuan
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuyu Xu
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dehui Lai
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haibo Zhao
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiqing Yang
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Bian
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Leyuan Liu
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guibin Xu
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Wang G, Wu H, Liang P, He X, Liu D. Fus knockdown inhibits the profibrogenic effect of cardiac fibroblasts induced by angiotensin II through targeting Pax3 thereby regulating TGF-β1/Smad pathway. Bioengineered 2021; 12:1415-1425. [PMID: 33896391 PMCID: PMC8806211 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1918522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Angiotensin II/transforming growth factor-β1 (AngII/TGF-β1) signal axis is an important regulatory pathway for atrial fibrosis, which can contribute to atrial fibrillation (AF). Fused in sarcoma (FUS) was recently found to regulate cardiac diseases. This study aimed to investigate whether FUS could regulate AngII induced fibrosis and uncover the possible mechanisms. The expression of FUS in AF patients and AngII-induced cardiac fibroblasts was measured by RT-qPCR and western blot assays. Fus was silenced in cells using short hairpin RNA (shRNA), then cell proliferation, migration, collagen synthesis and TGF-β1/Smad signaling were detected by CCK-8, wound healing and western blot assays, respectively. The possible target for Fus was predicted by searching Starbase database and verified by RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) and RNA pull down. Cells were overexpressed with Pax3 in the presence of Fus silence and AngII stimulation, then the above cellular processes were further evaluated. Results showed that FUS was upregulated in AF patients and AngII-induced cardiac fibroblasts. Fus knockdown inhibited AngII-enhanced cell proliferation, migration, collagen synthesis and TGF-β1/Smad signaling activation. Furthermore, Fus functions as an RNA-binding protein to bind to Pax3 mRNA and positively regulate its expression. Further studies demonstrated that Pax3 overexpression canceled the above effects of Fus knockdown on cell proliferation, migration, collagen synthesis, and TGF-β1/Smad signaling activation in AngII-induced cells. In conclusion, Fus could target Pax3 to increase the pro-fibrotic effect of AngII in cardiac fibroblasts via activating TGF-β1/Smad signaling. Knockdown of Fus/Pax3 axis may provide a potential therapy for relieving AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Kanghua Zhonglian Cardiovascular Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The People's Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Liang
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaojiao He
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital, Chongqing, China
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