1
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Arfi AM, Alata J, Baho H, Ahmad Z, Badawy N, Bekheet S, Baatya W, Helal A, Kouatli A. Cardiac Catheterization Post Congenital Cardiac Surgery: Analysis of Risk Factors for Mortality and Literature Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e67020. [PMID: 39280470 PMCID: PMC11402465 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.67020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Diagnostic and interventional cardiac catheterization plays a significant role in the management of congenital heart defects with acceptable risks. Its role has also evolved in sick children but is associated with higher risks due to technical difficulties and co-morbidity factors. Some of the post-cardiac surgery children who show resistance to conventional management during the early postoperative period usually have residual defects or obstructions. Trans-catheter intervention (TCI) in such high-risk circumstances and relatively sick children is challenging, demands much expertise, and should be backed up by a competent multidisciplinary team. Some cases improve clinically, while others may require surgical or transcatheter re-intervention for a positive outcome. There is minimal data so far regarding the major complications after interventional cardiac catheterization during the immediate postoperative period after cardiac surgery. We analyzed multiple factors, including age, sex, weight, the initial diagnosis, and the time interval between surgery and TCI, to stratify the possible risks for mortality after TCI during the immediate postoperative period after cardiac surgery. Results Thirty-five patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and underwent 43 interventional procedures. Five patients could not survive. Four had stent angioplasties on natural vasculature and one patient had in synthetic conduit. None of the mortality was related to the procedure. Multivariable risk factor analysis confirmed a moderate positive correlation coefficient (r) of 0.8017 between the variables. Still, it was not statistically significant if compared among subgroups or among the mortality and survival groups. Conclusion Interventional cardiac catheterization in sick children during the immediate postoperative period can be carried out without much-added risks in expert hands and under the supervision of a multi-disciplinary team. Though no conclusions could be drawn, our study adds to the limited existing data that could inspire others to perform such procedures on sick children. Moreover, the trend in our results indicated a large sample size could have identified a possible risk factor for mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin M Arfi
- Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Jameel Alata
- Pediatric Cardiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Haysam Baho
- Pediatric Cardiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Zaheer Ahmad
- Pediatric Cardiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Nashwa Badawy
- Pediatric Cardiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, SAU
| | | | - Wejdan Baatya
- Pediatric Cardiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Abdelmonen Helal
- Pediatric Cardiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Amjad Kouatli
- Pediatric Cardiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, SAU
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2
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Demir IH, Ozdemir DM, Yucel IK, Yılmaz EH, Bulut MO, Surucu M, Korun O, Aydemir NA, Celebi A. The Lifesaving Impact of Transcatheter Interventions in the Early Post-Fontan Palliation Period. Pediatr Cardiol 2024; 45:986-997. [PMID: 38509208 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-024-03455-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Despite advancements in postoperative outcomes after Fontan surgery, there remains a risk of suboptimal outcomes and significant morbidity in the early postoperative period. Anatomical obstructions in the Fontan pathway can lead to prolonged pleural effusion or ascites, cyanosis, and low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS). Transcatheter interventions offer an alternative to early re-surgery for treating these complications. Over a 13-year period, early catheter angiography, performed within 30 days post-index procedure, was administered to 41 patients, identifying anatomical issues that necessitated re-intervention in 39 cases. This led to transcatheter interventions in 37 (10.4%) of the 344 Fontan surgery patients. The median age was 4.8 years (IQR: 4-9.4), and the median weight was 16.5 kg (IQR: 15-25.2), with females comprising 51.4% (19/37) of this group. The primary indications for the procedures were persistent pleural effusion or ascites in 27 patients (66%), LCOS in 8 patients (20%), and cyanosis in 6 patients (14%). Among the 37 undergoing transcatheter intervention, 30 were treated solely with this method and discharged, three died in ICU follow-up, and four required early re-surgery. No procedural mortality was observed. Our findings demonstrate that transcatheter interventions, including stent implantation, balloon angioplasty, and fenestration dilation, are safe and effective in the early post-Fontan period. Therefore, they should be considered an integral part of the management strategy for this patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Halil Demir
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Health Sciences Dr. Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Tıbbiye Street, No 13 Uskudar, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Dursun Muhammed Ozdemir
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Health Sciences Dr. Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Tıbbiye Street, No 13 Uskudar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ilker Kemal Yucel
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Health Sciences Dr. Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Tıbbiye Street, No 13 Uskudar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emine Hekim Yılmaz
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Health Sciences Dr. Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Tıbbiye Street, No 13 Uskudar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Orhan Bulut
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Health Sciences Dr. Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Tıbbiye Street, No 13 Uskudar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Surucu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Health Sciences Dr. Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Tıbbiye Street, No 13 Uskudar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oktay Korun
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Numan Ali Aydemir
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Health Sciences Dr. Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Celebi
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Health Sciences Dr. Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Tıbbiye Street, No 13 Uskudar, Istanbul, Turkey
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3
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Shibbani K, Randall JT, Mohammad Nijres B, Aldoss O. Medium-Term Outcomes in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Cardiac Catheterization Early After Congenital Cardiac Surgery. Pediatr Cardiol 2023; 44:1808-1814. [PMID: 37129601 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-023-03171-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Safety and acute outcomes for patients who need catheterization shortly after congenital cardiac surgery has been established; literature on mid-term outcomes is lacking. We sought to evaluate the mid-term outcomes of patients who undergo early postoperative cardiac catheterization. This is a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent cardiac catheterization within 6 weeks of congenital cardiac surgery with longitudinal follow-up and assessment of mid-term outcomes. Multivariable analysis was utilized to relate variables of interest to outcomes. 99 patients underwent cardiac catheterizations within 6 weeks of cardiac surgery between January 2008 and September 2016. Forty-six (45.5%) interventional procedures were performed at a median age of 41 days (IQR 21-192) and a median weight of 3.9 kg (3.3-6.6). During a median follow-up duration of 4.24 years (1.6-5.6) in study survivors, 61% of patients remained free from the primary endpoint (death and/or transplant). Sixty-nine patients (69.7%) underwent an unplanned surgical or catheter procedure. Renal failure at catheterization (OR 280.5, p 0.0199), inotropic medication at catheterization (OR 14.8, p 0.002), and younger age were all significantly associated with meeting the primary endpoint. Patients requiring surgical intervention as an initial additional intervention underwent more unplanned re-interventions, while patients who survived to hospital discharge demonstrated favorable mortality, though with frequent need for re-intervention. In patients requiring early postoperative cardiac catheterization, renal failure, younger age, and need for inotropic support at catheterization are significantly associated with meeting the primary endpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamel Shibbani
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Stead Family Children's Hospital, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jess T Randall
- Department of Cardiology, Albany Medical Center, 22 New Scotland, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
| | - Bassel Mohammad Nijres
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Stead Family Children's Hospital, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Osamah Aldoss
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Stead Family Children's Hospital, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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4
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Yeh MJ, Gauvreau K, Armstrong AK, Batlivala SP, Callahan R, Gudausky TM, Hainstock MR, Hasan B, Nicholson GT, O'Byrne ML, Shahanavaz S, Trucco S, Zampi JD, Bergersen L. Early Postoperative Congenital Cardiac Catheterization Outcomes: A Multicenter Study. Ann Thorac Surg 2022:S0003-4975(22)01528-4. [PMID: 36481325 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2022.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early postoperative catheterizations (EPOCs) within 6 weeks after a congenital heart surgical procedure can treat residual lesions and provide important clinical information. However, EPOCs are often assumed to impose additional risk on a vulnerable patient population. This study aimed to describe the EPOC population, evaluate procedural safety, compare EPOC patients with procedure-matched non-EPOC patients, and determine risk factors for poor outcomes using data from the Congenital Cardiac Catheterization Project on Outcomes registry. METHODS In a retrospective cohort, demographic, clinical, and procedural characteristics were analyzed for diagnostic and interventional catheterizations performed in 13 participating institutions from January 2014 to December 2017, excluding patients after heart transplant. The primary outcome was a high-severity adverse event (AE). Three distinct analyses included (1) describing the full cohort and EPOC patients, (2) comparing EPOC patients with and without a high-severity AE, and (3) comparing EPOC patients with controls matched on case type. RESULTS This study included 17,776 catheterizations, with 1399 EPOCs. The high-severity AE rate was 6.4% overall, 8.9% in the EPOC cohort, and 8.4% in matched controls (P = .74). The association between EPOC status and high-severity AE was not significant in a multivariable model (P = .17). In EPOCs with a high-severity AE, median procedure duration was 30 minutes longer (P < .001), and median time from surgical procedure to catheterization was 3 days longer (P = .05). CONCLUSIONS EPOC was not associated with additional risk. Individual patient characteristics of size and hemodynamic vulnerability may serve as informative predictors. Timely catheterization may preempt further clinical deterioration, and intraprocedure duration optimization may correlate with improved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary J Yeh
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kimberlee Gauvreau
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Sarosh P Batlivala
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Ryan Callahan
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Todd M Gudausky
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Herma Heart Institute, Children's Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Michael R Hainstock
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Virginia Children's Heart Center, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Babar Hasan
- Department of Pediatric and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - George T Nicholson
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Michael L O'Byrne
- Division of Cardiology and Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Shabana Shahanavaz
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Sara Trucco
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeffrey D Zampi
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Michigan C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lisa Bergersen
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
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5
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Quandt D, Callegari A, Niesse O, Meinhold A, Dave H, Knirsch W, Kretschmar O. Balloon angioplasty and stent implantation within 30 days postcongenital heart surgery (CHS) in children. J Card Surg 2022; 37:4606-4611. [PMID: 36273426 DOI: 10.1111/jocs.17057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to assess balloon angioplasty (BAP) and stent implantation (SI) procedures early after congenital heart surgery (CHS) in children. BACKGROUND These interventions are considered potential high-risk procedures and often avoided or postponed. METHODS This is a retrospective, single centre study of all BAP and SI procedures within 30 days after CHS (01/2001 until 01/2021). RESULTS A total of 127 (96 SI, 31 BAP) procedures were performed in 104 patients at median 6.5 days (interquartile range: 1-15) after CHS. Balloon-to-stenosis ratio and balloon-to-reference vessel ratio were significantly smaller compared to stent-to-stenosis ratio and stent-to-reference vessel ratio (p < .001 and p = .005). There was a greater rise in absolute vessel diameter, greater rise in vessel diameter in relation to the stenosis and vessel diameter in relation to the reference vessel with SI (p < .001, p = .01, and p < .001). Up to 94% SIs fulfilled both success criteria (increase of vessel diameter ≥50% of minimal vessel diameter or achievement ≥75% of the reference vessel diameter). Major adverse events were more frequent in the BAP group (p = .05). Intraprocedural complications were 5/31 (16%) in the BAP group and 13/96 (13%) in the SI group (p = .77). CONCLUSION BAP and SI procedures within 30 days post-CHS can be performed safely, with a greater stent-to-stenosis ratio and a greater rise in vessel diameter with stent implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Quandt
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Pediatric Heart Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alessia Callegari
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Pediatric Heart Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Niesse
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Pediatric Heart Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anke Meinhold
- Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hitendu Dave
- Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Congenital Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Walter Knirsch
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Pediatric Heart Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Kretschmar
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Pediatric Heart Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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6
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Haddad RN, Lange JM, Raisky O, Gaudin R, Barbanti C, Bonnet D, Malekzadeh-Milani S. Indications and outcomes of cardiac catheterization following congenital heart surgery in children. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2022; 61:1056-1065. [PMID: 35076064 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezac026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our goal was to evaluate the indications for postoperative cardiac catheterizations after paediatric cardiac surgeries and their impact on outcomes. METHODS Non-planned cardiac catheterizations performed after congenital heart surgeries and before discharge between January 2013 and July 2019 were reviewed. Hybrid procedures were excluded. Heart defects, illness course, surgeries and catheter procedures were classified. Indications and findings were comprehensively regrouped. Outcomes were analysed. RESULTS Cardiac catheterizations were performed on 192 patients (median age 2.3 months, weight 4.2 kg) on median postoperative day 7 (interquartile range, 2-17 days). Patients had defects of great complexity (79.9%), high disease severity index (46.4%), high Aristotle level of surgical complexity (75%) and a high Catheterization RISk Score for Pediatrics category of catheterizations (61%). Catheterizations confirmed 66% of suspected diagnoses. Confirmed diagnoses were more likely to be haemodynamic anomalies than anatomical lesions (81.3% > 53.7%, P < 0.001). Confirmed anatomical lesions were more likely to be residual than new lesions created by surgery (88.5% > 40.4%, P < 0.001). New diagnoses were identified in 36.5% of patients. Catheterization findings led to catheter-based or surgical interventions in 120 (62.5%) patients. Transcatheter interventions were successful (97.7%), immediate (89.5%) and performed across fresh suture lines (27.8%). Repeat catheterizations (76% interventional) were necessary in 25 (13%) patients. A high index of disease severity [odds ratio (OR): 16.26, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.72-71.17], extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support (OR: 10.35, 95% CI: 2.78-38.56), delayed sternal closure (OR: 4.66, 95% CI: 1.25-17.32) and surgically acquired lesions (OR: 3.70, 95% CI: 1.22-11.16) were significant risk factors of 12-month mortality. CONCLUSIONS Postoperative cardiac catheterizations answer both anatomical and haemodynamic questions in high-risk patients with complicated courses and guide subsequent treatment with satisfactory outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond N Haddad
- Department of Congenital and Pediatric Cardiology, M3C-Necker, Necker-Enfants malades University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Juan Manuel Lange
- Department of Congenital and Pediatric Cardiology, M3C-Necker, Necker-Enfants malades University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Olivier Raisky
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Necker-Enfants malades University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.,University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Regis Gaudin
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Necker-Enfants malades University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Claudio Barbanti
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Anesthesia, Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Necker-Enfants malades University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Damien Bonnet
- Department of Congenital and Pediatric Cardiology, M3C-Necker, Necker-Enfants malades University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.,University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Malekzadeh-Milani
- Department of Congenital and Pediatric Cardiology, M3C-Necker, Necker-Enfants malades University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
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7
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OUP accepted manuscript. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2022; 61:1066-1067. [DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezac108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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8
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Holzer RJ, Dayton JD. Registries, Risk Calculators, and Risk-Adjusted Outcomes: Current Usage, Limitations, and Future Prospects. Pediatr Cardiol 2020; 41:443-458. [PMID: 32198591 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-020-02300-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Small study sizes are a limiting factor in assessing outcome measures in pediatric cardiology. It is even more difficult to assess the outcomes of congenital catheterizations where the sample sizes are even smaller, particularly on a individual institutional level. The creation of multicenter registries is a method by which investigators can pool data to better assess quality and outcome measures of these procedures. No registry is perfect with several being available today, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. In addition, there are a multitude of methods currently used to assess quality and outcomes from the data contained in these registries, each having its own limitations as well. Nonetheless, multicenter registrities remain one of the best available options to improve the quality of care for pediatric interventional cardiac catheterization. Below, we provide an overview of the current state of quality assessment/improvement in pediatric interventional cardiology including a review of the available registrities and the metrics used to measure quality of care and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf J Holzer
- NewYork-Presbyterian Komansky Children's Hospital, New York, USA.
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA.
- David Wallace - Starr Foundation, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Pediatric Cardiac Catheterization, NewYork-Presbyterian Komansky Children's Hospital, New york, USA.
| | - Jeffrey D Dayton
- NewYork-Presbyterian Komansky Children's Hospital, New York, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, 525 East 68th Street, Room F-677, New York, NY, 10065, USA
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9
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Holzer RJ. “Failure to Rescue”: An Imperfect Measure Well Suited to Complement an Imperfect World. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e014356. [PMID: 31619105 PMCID: PMC6898857 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.014356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ralf J. Holzer
- NewYork‐Presbyterian Komansky Children's Hospital New York NY
- Weill Cornell Medicine New York NY
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10
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Thibault D, Wallace AS, Jacobs ML, Hornik CP, Costello JM, Fleming GF, Jacobs JP, Jaquiss RDB, Goldstein BH, Chamberlain RC, Hill KD. Postoperative Transcatheter Interventions in Children Undergoing Congenital Heart Surgery. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2019; 12:e007853. [PMID: 31159564 DOI: 10.1161/circinterventions.119.007853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Postoperative transcatheter interventions (TCIs) are performed after congenital heart surgery to treat residual or recurrent anatomic lesions. We used the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery Database to evaluate rates of postoperative TCIs, center variability, and to determine whether center approaches to postoperative TCI might be associated with outcomes. Methods and Results Patients <18 years undergoing an index operation (2010-2016) were included. We determined predischarge postoperative TCI rates and used multivariable modeling, adjusting for patient factors and case complexity, to evaluate the association between center risk-adjusted postoperative TCI rates and risk-adjusted outcomes (operative mortality, post-TCI mortality, and failure-to-rescue). Postoperative TCI was performed after 2615/105 742 (2.5%) index operations and after 1443/25 416 (5.7%) highest complexity operations (STAT [Society of Thoracic Surgeons-European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery Mortality Score] Mortality Category 4 and 5). Median (interquartile range) age of patients undergoing TCI was 2.7 (0.2-8.0) months with 43% performed in neonates. There was a wide center variability across the 107 included centers with risk-adjusted rates of postoperative TCI ranging from 0.0% to 8.0% overall and 0.0% to 20.7% for STAT 4 and 5 cases. Postoperative TCI was associated with higher risk-adjusted odds of operative mortality (odds ratio, 4.06; 95% CI, 3.60-4.58). Centers with higher postoperative TCI rates had higher overall operative mortality ( R2=0.23; P=0.02) but did not have higher post-TCI mortality ( P=0.10). There was no correlation between center TCI rates and failure-to-rescue ( P=0.19). Conclusions Patients undergoing postoperative TCI represent a high-risk cohort. Wide center variability suggests the potential for improving outcomes, but further study is necessary to better understand optimal approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Thibault
- The Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (D.T., C.P.H., K.D.H.)
| | - Amelia S Wallace
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (A.S.W.)
| | - Marshall L Jacobs
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Durham, NC (M.L.J.)
| | - Christoph P Hornik
- The Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (D.T., C.P.H., K.D.H.).,Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (C.P.H., G.F.F.)
| | - John M Costello
- Department of Pediatrics, The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (J.M.C.)
| | - Gregory F Fleming
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (C.P.H., G.F.F.)
| | - Jeffrey P Jacobs
- Department of Surgery, All Children's Hospital and John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (J.P.J.)
| | - Robert D B Jaquiss
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern (R.D.B.J.)
| | - Bryan H Goldstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, OH (B.H.G.)
| | | | - Kevin D Hill
- The Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (D.T., C.P.H., K.D.H.)
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11
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Siddiqui S, DiLorenzo MP, Krishnan U. Noninvasive Bedside Vasodilator Testing Using Echocardiography. CASE 2019; 3:125-128. [PMID: 31286093 PMCID: PMC6588795 DOI: 10.1016/j.case.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Echocardiography was used for bedside vasodilator testing in postoperative PH. Echocardiographic measures of PH and RV function improved shortly after nitric oxide. Echocardiography was used to guide management and avoid more invasive testing.
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12
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Catheterization Performed in the Early Postoperative Period After Congenital Heart Surgery in Children. Pediatr Cardiol 2019; 40:827-833. [PMID: 30830282 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-019-02078-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe pediatric patients who underwent early postoperative cardiac catheterization after congenital heart surgery, their clinical indications, findings, interventions, and complications in a cardiovascular center. A descriptive retrospective study was performed. All catheterizations performed within 6 weeks after congenital heart surgery between January 2004 and December 2014 were reviewed. We analyzed 101 early postoperative catheterizations. They were performed on median postoperative day five (IQR: 0-39); the median age was 64 days (IQR: 22-240). The most common diagnoses were single ventricle (53%), left heart obstruction (12%), and tetralogy of fallot or pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect (11%). Most common indications were persistent cyanosis (53%), low cardiac output (24%), and residual defect on echocardiogram (20%). Most frequent findings during the catheterization were pulmonary artery stenosis (29%), surgical conduit obstruction (12%), and coarctation or hypoplasia of the aorta (11%). Forty-six (45%) procedures involved intervention. Most frequent interventions were pulmonary artery, aorta, and Blalock-Taussig fistula angioplasty with or without stent implantation. There were adverse effects in 11 cases (11%), and 30-day mortality was 28% (28 patients) with the majority unrelated to the catheterization directly. Although early postoperative catheterizations are high-risk procedures, they are currently a very good option to solve acute problems in critically ill patients. This study provides relevant information for a better understanding and approach to this complex group of patients.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Catheter interventions for residual lesions in the early postoperative period after CHD operations are still not established as a reliable treatment option. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed our institutional experience of cardiac catheterisations and catheter interventions performed in the early postoperative period. We classified our patients into two groups. The "hyper" acute phase group - operation to cardiac catheterisation of ⩽7 days - and acute phase group - operation to cardiac catheterisation from 7 to 30 days. RESULTS Of the 47 patients, catheter interventions were performed in 38 patients (81%). The success rate of the intervention was 96% in the acute phase group and 90% in the "hyper" acute phase group. The overall success rate was 95%. There were two self-limited complications in the acute phase group, but not in the "hyper" acute phase group. There were four cases of catheter interventions performed for a newly reconstructed aortic arch, and those procedures were also safe and effective. CONCLUSIONS Cardiac catheterisations and catheter interventions were safe and effective not only in the early postoperative period but also in the very early postoperative period. Catheter interventions for the left-sided heart in the early postoperative period were also safe and effective.
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Intraoperative Completion Angiogram May Be Superior to Transesophageal Echocardiogram for Detection of Pulmonary Artery Residual Lesions in Congenital Heart Surgery. Pediatr Cardiol 2018. [PMID: 29525903 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-018-1837-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic capabilities of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) compared to completion angiography for detection of residual post-operative pulmonary artery lesions. This is a retrospective review of 19 consecutive surgical cases involving the pulmonary arteries that had post-operative TEE and completion angiography from 2014 to 2017. The echocardiograms were reviewed by 2 blinded examiners and categorized as adequate or inadequate visualization of the surgical repair. Based on TEE images, the surgical repair was graded as no revision necessary, residual lesion present requiring revision, or unable to assess. TEE was compared to completion angiography to determine the ability of each method to detect residual pulmonary artery lesions. Fifty-three percent of TEE imaging was graded as inadequate. Based on TEE, surgical revision was indicated in 2 of 19 cases. Completion angiography documented 4 additional residual lesions resulting in surgical revision in 6 of 19 patients. TEE sensitivity for detecting residual pulmonary artery lesions was 40%. One Glenn patient with adequate image quality and repair by TEE had moderate left pulmonary artery stenosis by completion angiography. All other discrepancies occurred in patients with inadequate TEE imaging. No patient with pulmonary artery abnormalities had hemodynamic instability or excessive desaturations. Completion angiography-related complications included three transient arrhythmias with no increased incidence of acute kidney injury. Completion angiography may be more effective than TEE at detecting post-operative pulmonary artery lesions even in patients not manifesting clinical symptoms. Documentation of residual lesions with completion angiography allows immediate surgical revision potentially limiting necessity for future interventions.
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Mowers K, Rockefeller T, Balzer D, Nicolas R, Shahanavaz S. Post-operative Catheterization Interventions at the Site of Surgery: An Application of the CRISP Scoring System. Pediatr Cardiol 2018; 39:674-681. [PMID: 29327147 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-018-1805-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Catheter-based interventions in the early post-operative period are performed with caution due to concerns for increased procedural risk, particularly across fresh suture lines. The recently published CRISP scoring system provides prospective risk stratification based on pre-procedural criterion. In an effort to refine the assessment of risk in patients undergoing post-operative catheter-based interventions, the predicted risk of an adverse event based on CRISP scores was compared to actual adverse event rates. A single-center, retrospective review of patients undergoing catheterization interventions within 6 weeks of cardiac surgery was conducted between Jan 2004 and Dec 2014. Patients who underwent dilation interventions across fresh suture lines (group 1) were compared to patients who underwent interventional procedures at other sites (group 2), and a CRISP score was calculated for all patients. Patients receiving only surveillance biopsies were excluded. Sixty-eight patients underwent 100 interventional procedures. Group 1 was composed of 44 patients receiving 64 interventions, while group 2 had 24 patients who underwent 36 interventions. Group 1 was comprised significantly more single ventricles and patients were smaller/younger. Group 1 had a significantly higher median CRISP score, but both groups were within Category 4. The rates of adverse events were similar between groups and comparable to predicted rates with the CRISP scoring system. Catheter-based interventions in the early post-operative period can be performed with no significant increase in the risk of serious adverse events when intervening across fresh suture lines. The CRISP scoring system can be a valuable tool in pre-procedural counseling of high-risk post-operative patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Mowers
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine/St. Louis Children's Hospital, 1 Children's Place, Saint Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Toby Rockefeller
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine/St. Louis Children's Hospital, 1 Children's Place, Saint Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - David Balzer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine/St. Louis Children's Hospital, 1 Children's Place, Saint Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Ramzi Nicolas
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine/St. Louis Children's Hospital, 1 Children's Place, Saint Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Shabana Shahanavaz
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine/St. Louis Children's Hospital, 1 Children's Place, Saint Louis, MO, 63108, USA.
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Meot M, Lefort B, El Arid JM, Soulé N, Lothion-Boulanger J, Lengellé F, Chantepie A, Neville P. Intraoperative Stenting of Pulmonary Artery Stenosis in Children With Congenital Heart Disease. Ann Thorac Surg 2017; 104:190-196. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Johnson EA, Zubair MM, Armsby LR, Burch GH, Good MK, Lasarev MR, Hohimer AR, Muralidaran A, Langley SM. Surgical Quality Predicts Length of Stay in Patients with Congenital Heart Disease. Pediatr Cardiol 2016; 37:593-600. [PMID: 26739006 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-015-1319-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Historically, the primary marker of quality for congenital cardiac surgery has been postoperative mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine whether additional markers (10 surgical metrics) independently predict length of stay (LOS), thereby providing specific targets for quality improvement. Ten metrics (unplanned ECMO, unplanned cardiac catheterization, revision of primary repair, delayed closure, mediastinitis, reexploration for bleeding, complete heart block, vocal cord paralysis, diaphragm paralysis, and change in preoperative diagnosis) were defined in 2008 and subsequently collected from 1024 consecutive index congenital cardiac cases, yielding 990 cases. Four patient characteristics and 22 case characteristics were used for risk adjustment. Univariate and multivariable analyses were used to determine independent associations between each metric and postoperative LOS. Increased LOS was independently associated with revision of the primary repair (p = 0.014), postoperative complete heart block requiring a permanent pacemaker (p = 0.001), diaphragm paralysis requiring plication (p < 0.001), and unplanned postoperative cardiac catheterization (p < 0.001). Compared with patients without each metric, LOS was 1.6 (95 % CI 1.1-2.2, p = 0.014), 1.7 (95 % CI 1.2-2.3, p = 0.001), 1.8 (95 % CI 1.4-2.3, p < 0.001), and 2.0 (95 % CI 1.7-2.4, p < 0.001) times as long, respectively. These effects equated to an additional 4.5-7.8 days in hospital, depending on the metric. The other 6 metrics were not independently associated with increased LOS. The quality of surgery during repair of congenital heart disease affects outcomes. Reducing the incidence of these 4 specific surgical metrics may significantly decrease LOS in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Johnson
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - M Mujeeb Zubair
- Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Laurie R Armsby
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Grant H Burch
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Milon K Good
- Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Michael R Lasarev
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - A Roger Hohimer
- Division of Perinatology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Ashok Muralidaran
- Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Stephen M Langley
- Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA
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Nicholson GT, Kim DW, Vincent RN, Petit CJ. Transcatheter interventions across fresh suture lines in infants and children: An 8-year experience. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2015; 86:271-7. [DOI: 10.1002/ccd.25908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George T. Nicholson
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology; Department of Pediatrics; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta Georgia
| | - Dennis W. Kim
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology; Department of Pediatrics; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta Georgia
| | - Robert N. Vincent
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology; Department of Pediatrics; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta Georgia
| | - Christopher J. Petit
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology; Department of Pediatrics; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta Georgia
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Nicholson GT, Kim DW, Vincent RN, Kogon BE, Miller BE, Petit CJ. Cardiac catheterization in the early post-operative period after congenital cardiac surgery. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2014; 7:1437-43. [PMID: 25523535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2014.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study sought to demonstrate that early cardiac catheterization, whether used solely as a diagnostic modality or for the use of transcatheter interventional techniques, can be used effectively and with an acceptable risk in the post-operative period. BACKGROUND Cardiac catheterization offers important treatment for patients with congenital heart disease. Early post-operative cardiac catheterization is often necessary to diagnose and treat residual anatomic defects. Experience with interventional catheterization to address post-operative concerns is limited. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study. The medical and catheterization data of pediatric patients who underwent a cardiac catheterization ≤30 days after congenital heart surgery between November 2004 and July 2013 were reviewed. Patients who underwent right heart catheterization and endomyocardial biopsy after heart transplantation were excluded. RESULTS A total of 219 catheterizations (91 interventional procedures, 128 noninterventional catheterizations) were performed on 193 patients. Sixty-five interventions (71.43%) were dilations, either balloon angioplasty or stent implantation. There was no difference in survival to hospital discharge between those who underwent an interventional versus noninterventional catheterization (p = 0.93). One-year post-operative survival was comparable between those who underwent an intervention (66%) versus diagnostic (71%) catheterization (p = 0.58). There was no difference in the incidence of major or minor complications between the interventional and diagnostic catheterization cohorts (p = 0.21). CONCLUSIONS Cardiac catheterization, including transcatheter interventions, can be performed safely in the immediate post-operative period after congenital heart surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- George T Nicholson
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta/Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Dennis W Kim
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta/Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Robert N Vincent
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta/Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Brian E Kogon
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta/Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Bruce E Miller
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Anesthesia, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta/Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Christopher J Petit
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta/Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
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Quality metrics in cardiac catheterization for congenital heart disease: Utility of 30-day mortality. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2014; 85:104-10. [DOI: 10.1002/ccd.25683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Siehr SL, Martin MH, Axelrod D, Efron B, Peng L, Roth SJ, Perry S, Shin AY. Outcomes following cardiac catheterization after congenital heart surgery. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2014; 84:622-8. [DOI: 10.1002/ccd.25490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L. Siehr
- Department of Pediatrics; Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine; Palo Alto California
| | - Mary Hunt Martin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology; Primary Children's Medical Center; Salt Lake City Utah
| | - David Axelrod
- Department of Pediatrics; Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine; Palo Alto California
| | - Bradley Efron
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Division of Biostatistics; Stanford University Medical Center; Palo Alto California
| | - Lynn Peng
- Department of Pediatrics; Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine; Palo Alto California
| | - Stephen J. Roth
- Department of Pediatrics; Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine; Palo Alto California
| | - Stanton Perry
- Department of Pediatrics; Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine; Palo Alto California
| | - Andrew Y. Shin
- Department of Pediatrics; Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine; Palo Alto California
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Mazwi ML, Brown DW, Marshall AC, Pigula FA, Laussen PC, Polito A, Wypij D, Costello JM. Unplanned reinterventions are associated with postoperative mortality in neonates with critical congenital heart disease. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013; 145:671-7. [PMID: 22578897 PMCID: PMC4256957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2012.03.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neonates with critical congenital heart disease remain at risk of adverse outcomes after cardiac surgery. Residual or undiagnosed anatomic lesions might be contributory. The present study aimed to describe the incidence and type of cardiac lesions that lead to early, unplanned cardiac reintervention, identify the risk factors for unplanned reintervention, and explore the associations between unplanned reinterventions and hospital mortality. METHODS The present single-center retrospective cohort study included 943 consecutive neonates with critical congenital heart disease who underwent cardiac surgery from 2002 to 2008. An unplanned cardiac reintervention was defined as a cardiac reoperation or interventional cardiac catheterization performed during the same hospitalization as the initial operation. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify the risk factors for unplanned cardiac reintervention and hospital mortality. RESULTS Of the 943 neonates, 104 (11%) underwent an unplanned cardiac reintervention. The independent predictors of unplanned reintervention included prenatal diagnosis, lower birth weight, need for mechanical ventilation before the initial cardiac operation, lower attending surgeon experience, and greater Risk Adjustment in Congenital Heart Surgery, version 1, category. Those who underwent reintervention had increased hospital mortality (n = 33/104, 32%) relative to those who did not (n = 31/839, 4%; adjusted odds ratio, 8.6; 95% confidence interval, 4.7 to 15.6; P < .001). The mortality rates among patients undergoing surgical reintervention (23/66, 35%) or transcatheter reintervention (4/16, 25%), or both (6/22, 27%) were similar (P = .66). CONCLUSIONS The need for unplanned cardiac reintervention in neonates with critical congenital heart disease is strongly associated with increased mortality. Early unplanned reinterventions might be an important covariate in outcomes studies and useful as a quality improvement measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mjaye L Mazwi
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA
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Feltes TF, Bacha E, Beekman RH, Cheatham JP, Feinstein JA, Gomes AS, Hijazi ZM, Ing FF, de Moor M, Morrow WR, Mullins CE, Taubert KA, Zahn EM. Indications for cardiac catheterization and intervention in pediatric cardiac disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2011; 123:2607-52. [PMID: 21536996 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0b013e31821b1f10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 512] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Bentham J, Shettihalli N, Orchard E, Westaby S, Wilson N. Endovascular stent placement is an acceptable alternative to reoperation in selected infants with residual or recurrent aortic arch obstruction. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2011; 76:852-9. [PMID: 20506213 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.22586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe endovascular stent placement in infants as a technically feasible option in circumstances where surgery is considered less favorable. BACKGROUND Endovascular stent placement has become established as a first line therapy for native coarctation of the aorta or recoarctation in older children where stents capable of expansion to adult size can be placed safely. Surgery remains the therapy of choice in infants and young children. The management of aortic arch obstruction in infants is, however, frequently complicated by complex anatomy or clinical condition that may make surgery or further surgery an unattractive option. There is little reported data and the implications thereof of transcatheter stent placement in aortic arch obstruction in infants. METHODS Between August 2004 and November 2009, 11 patients had aortic arch obstruction treated with endovascular stent placement. The median age and weight at first stent placement was 46 days (range 3-399 days) and 4 kg (range 1.4-8 kg), respectively. In 10 patients, surgical intervention preceded transcatheter stent placement. Four had complex aortic arch obstruction and seven had recoarctation. RESULTS Reduction in peak systolic gradient to <10 mm Hg was achieved in seven of 10 patients with an improvement in aortic artery diameter to >90% of adjacent aorta in all. The diameter of the arch obstruction increased from a median of 1.60 to 4.90 mm (P = 0.001) and the peak systolic gradient from 45 mm Hg to 8 mm Hg (P < 0.0001). Adverse events occurred in two patients one who required further surgical revision and a second who required placement of a second stent. The median follow up was 3.60 years (range 0.4-5.5 years) with two patients having died at 1.34 and 1.42 years poststent placement. Of the nine patients alive, six have since undergone further angioplasty at a median time interval of 0.77 years (range 0.17-2.76 years). Long-term complications occurred in none. CONCLUSIONS Endovascular stent placement in infants is technically feasible with good results achievable even in small babies. It should be considered as a therapeutic option in complex cases when surgical alternatives are less favorable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Bentham
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Bhole V, Wright JG, De Giovanni JV, Dhillon R, Miller PA, Desai T, Chikermane A, Jones T, Barron DJ, Brawn WJ, Stumper O. Transcatheter interventions in the early postoperative period after the Fontan procedure. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2010; 77:92-8. [DOI: 10.1002/ccd.22667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Pediatric interventional cardiology has evolved quite dramatically over the past few decades and now, in 2009, the published literature continues to evolve new percutaneous strategies for managing patients with congenital heart disease, both simple and complex. Our goal for this review was to highlight new techniques and the new devices available to the pediatric interventional cardiologist, and to review the outcomes from past endeavors. RECENT FINDINGS Manuscripts published in the past year continue to demonstrate innovation; indicating an exciting and increasing experience of transcatheter treatment of septal communications using either new occluder devices or novel techniques. Bioabsorbable devices and percutaneously implanted valves are leading examples of technological improvements and creativity that will ultimately improve patient outcomes while minimizing invasiveness. Reports on procedural outcomes show technically safe early follow-up, with promising mid-term and long-term results for balloon valvuloplasty, balloon atrial septostomy and pulmonary artery stent implantation. As well, fetal and hybrid interventions have become important new arenas for the pediatric interventionist. SUMMARY Pediatric interventions have grown far beyond the early stages of the 1980s as mid-term and long-term outcome data are being reported, and many previously insurmountable hurdles have been overcome by developing new strategies and devices.
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