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Rapson TD, Gregg CM, Allen RS, Ju H, Doherty CM, Mulet X, Giddey S, Wood CC. Insights into Nitrogenase Bioelectrocatalysis for Green Ammonia Production. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:4856-4865. [PMID: 32696610 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in using ammonia as a liquid carrier of hydrogen for energy applications. Currently, ammonia is produced industrially by the Haber-Bosch process, which requires high temperature and high pressure. In contrast, bacteria have naturally evolved an enzyme known as nitrogenase, that is capable of producing ammonia and hydrogen at ambient temperature and pressure. Therefore, nitrogenases are attractive as a potentially more efficient means to produce ammonia via harnessing the unique properties of this enzyme. In recent years, exciting progress has been made in bioelectrocatalysis using nitrogenases to produce ammonia. Here, the prospects for developing biological ammonia production are outlined, key advances in bioelectrocatalysis by nitrogenases are highlighted, and possible solutions to the obstacles faced in realising this goal are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor D Rapson
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Black Mountain, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | | | - Robert S Allen
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Black Mountain, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - HyungKuk Ju
- CSIRO Energy, Private Bag 10, Clayton South, 3169, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cara M Doherty
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Private Bag 10, Clayton South, 3169, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xavier Mulet
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Private Bag 10, Clayton South, 3169, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarbjit Giddey
- CSIRO Energy, Private Bag 10, Clayton South, 3169, Victoria, Australia
| | - Craig C Wood
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Black Mountain, ACT, 2601, Australia
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Chica B, Ruzicka J, Kallas H, Mulder DW, Brown KA, Peters JW, Seefeldt LC, Dukovic G, King PW. Defining Intermediates of Nitrogenase MoFe Protein during N 2 Reduction under Photochemical Electron Delivery from CdS Quantum Dots. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:14324-14330. [PMID: 32787260 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Coupling the nitrogenase MoFe protein to light-harvesting semiconductor nanomaterials replaces the natural electron transfer complex of Fe protein and ATP and provides low-potential photoexcited electrons for photocatalytic N2 reduction. A central question is how direct photochemical electron delivery from nanocrystals to MoFe protein is able to support the multielectron ammonia production reaction. In this study, low photon flux conditions were used to identify the initial reaction intermediates of CdS quantum dot (QD):MoFe protein nitrogenase complexes under photochemical activation using EPR. Illumination of CdS QD:MoFe protein complexes led to redox changes in the MoFe protein active site FeMo-co observed as the gradual decline in the E0 resting state intensity that was accompanied by an increase in the intensity of a new "geff = 4.5" EPR signal. The magnetic properties of the geff = 4.5 signal support assignment as a reduced S = 3/2 state, and reaction modeling was used to define it as a two-electron-reduced "E2" intermediate. Use of a MoFe protein variant, β-188Cys, which poises the P cluster in the oxidized P+ state, demonstrated that the P cluster can function as a site of photoexcited electron delivery from CdS to MoFe protein. Overall, the results establish the initial steps for how photoexcited CdS delivers electrons into the MoFe protein during reduction of N2 to ammonia and the role of electron flux in the photochemical reaction cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryant Chica
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Jesse Ruzicka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Hayden Kallas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - David W Mulder
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Katherine A Brown
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - John W Peters
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99163, United States
| | - Lance C Seefeldt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Gordana Dukovic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Paul W King
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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Abstract
Nitrogenase is the only enzyme capable of reducing N2 to NH3. This challenging reaction requires the coordinated transfer of multiple electrons from the reductase, Fe-protein, to the catalytic component, MoFe-protein, in an ATP-dependent fashion. In the last two decades, there have been significant advances in our understanding of how nitrogenase orchestrates electron transfer (ET) from the Fe-protein to the catalytic site of MoFe-protein and how energy from ATP hydrolysis transduces the ET processes. In this review, we summarize these advances, with focus on the structural and thermodynamic redox properties of nitrogenase component proteins and their complexes, as well as on new insights regarding the mechanism of ET reactions during catalysis and how they are coupled to ATP hydrolysis. We also discuss recently developed chemical, photochemical, and electrochemical methods for uncoupling substrate reduction from ATP hydrolysis, which may provide new avenues for studying the catalytic mechanism of nitrogenase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L Rutledge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0340, United States
| | - F Akif Tezcan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0340, United States
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Lee SH, Choi DS, Kuk SK, Park CB. Photobiokatalyse: Aktivierung von Redoxenzymen durch direkten oder indirekten Transfer photoinduzierter Elektronen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sahng Ha Lee
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 335 Science Road Daejeon 305-701 Republik Korea
| | - Da Som Choi
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 335 Science Road Daejeon 305-701 Republik Korea
| | - Su Keun Kuk
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 335 Science Road Daejeon 305-701 Republik Korea
| | - Chan Beum Park
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 335 Science Road Daejeon 305-701 Republik Korea
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Lee SH, Choi DS, Kuk SK, Park CB. Photobiocatalysis: Activating Redox Enzymes by Direct or Indirect Transfer of Photoinduced Electrons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:7958-7985. [PMID: 29194901 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Biocatalytic transformation has received increasing attention in the green synthesis of chemicals because of the diversity of enzymes, their high catalytic activities and specificities, and mild reaction conditions. The idea of solar energy utilization in chemical synthesis through the combination of photocatalysis and biocatalysis provides an opportunity to make the "green" process greener. Oxidoreductases catalyze redox transformation of substrates by exchanging electrons at the enzyme's active site, often with the aid of electron mediator(s) as a counterpart. Recent progress indicates that photoinduced electron transfer using organic (or inorganic) photosensitizers can activate a wide spectrum of redox enzymes to catalyze fuel-forming reactions (e.g., H2 evolution, CO2 reduction) and synthetically useful reductions (e.g., asymmetric reduction, oxygenation, hydroxylation, epoxidation, Baeyer-Villiger oxidation). This Review provides an overview of recent advances in light-driven activation of redox enzymes through direct or indirect transfer of photoinduced electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahng Ha Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Som Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Keun Kuk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Beum Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
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Shao M, Shao Y, Chen W, Ao KL, Tong R, Zhu Q, Chan IN, Ip WF, Shi X, Pan H. Efficient nitrogen fixation to ammonia on MXenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:14504-14512. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01396a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen can be easily adsorbed onto the surfaces of Mo2C and W2C MXenes, and then the nitrogen is effectively converted to ammonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Shao
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering
- University of Macau, Macao
- P. R. China
| | - Yangfan Shao
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering
- University of Macau, Macao
- P. R. China
- Department of Physics
- Southern University of Science and Technology
| | - Wenzhou Chen
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering
- University of Macau, Macao
- P. R. China
| | - Kin Long Ao
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering
- University of Macau, Macao
- P. R. China
| | - Rui Tong
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering
- University of Macau, Macao
- P. R. China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering
- University of Macau, Macao
- P. R. China
| | - Iat Neng Chan
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering
- University of Macau, Macao
- P. R. China
| | - Weng Fai Ip
- Chemistry Supporting Group
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- University of Macau
- Macao
- P. R. China
| | - Xingqiang Shi
- Department of Physics
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- Guangdong
- P. R. China
| | - Hui Pan
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering
- University of Macau, Macao
- P. R. China
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Banerjee A, Yuhas BD, Margulies EA, Zhang Y, Shim Y, Wasielewski MR, Kanatzidis MG. Photochemical Nitrogen Conversion to Ammonia in Ambient Conditions with FeMoS-Chalcogels. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:2030-4. [DOI: 10.1021/ja512491v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Benjamin D. Yuhas
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Eric A. Margulies
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yongbo Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yurina Shim
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mercouri G. Kanatzidis
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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Wang P, Dimitrijevic NM, Chang AY, Schaller RD, Liu Y, Rajh T, Rozhkova EA. Photoinduced electron transfer pathways in hydrogen-evolving reduced graphene oxide-boosted hybrid nano-bio catalyst. ACS NANO 2014; 8:7995-8002. [PMID: 25050831 DOI: 10.1021/nn502011p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic production of clean hydrogen fuels using water and sunlight has attracted remarkable attention due to the increasing global energy demand. Natural and synthetic dyes can be utilized to sensitize semiconductors for solar energy transformation using visible light. In this study, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and a membrane protein bacteriorhodopsin (bR) were employed as building modules to harness visible light by a Pt/TiO2 nanocatalyst. Introduction of the rGO boosts the nano-bio catalyst performance that results in hydrogen production rates of approximately 11.24 mmol of H2 (μmol protein)(-1) h(-1). Photoelectrochemical measurements show a 9-fold increase in photocurrent density when TiO2 electrodes were modified with rGO and bR. Electron paramagnetic resonance and transient absorption spectroscopy demonstrate an interfacial charge transfer from the photoexcited rGO to the semiconductor under visible light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Center for Nanoscale Materials and ‡Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
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Hoffman BM, Lukoyanov D, Yang ZY, Dean DR, Seefeldt LC. Mechanism of nitrogen fixation by nitrogenase: the next stage. Chem Rev 2014; 114:4041-62. [PMID: 24467365 PMCID: PMC4012840 DOI: 10.1021/cr400641x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 963] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Hoffman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University , 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
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12
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First-Principles Calculations of Fischer-Tropsch Processes Catalyzed by Nitrogenase Enzymes. ChemCatChem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201200635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Semproni SP, Margulieux GW, Chirik PJ. Di- and Tetrametallic Hafnocene Oxamidides Prepared from CO-Induced N2 Bond Cleavage and Thermal Rearrangement to Hafnocene Cyanide Derivatives. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om3005542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott P. Semproni
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New
Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Grant W. Margulieux
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New
Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Paul J. Chirik
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New
Jersey 08544, United States
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14
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Roth LE, Tezcan FA. ATP-uncoupled, six-electron photoreduction of hydrogen cyanide to methane by the molybdenum-iron protein. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:8416-9. [PMID: 22564208 DOI: 10.1021/ja303265m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A detailed study of the eight-electron/eight-proton catalytic reaction of nitrogenase has been hampered by the fact that electron and proton flow in this system is controlled by ATP-dependent protein-protein interactions. Recent studies have shown that it is possible to circumvent the dependence on ATP through the use of potent small-molecule reductants or light-driven electron injection, but success has been limited to two-electron reductions of hydrazine, acetylene, or protons. Here we show that a variant of the molybdenum-iron protein labeled with a Ru-photosensitizer can support the light-driven, six-electron catalytic reduction of hydrogen cyanide into methane and likely also ammonia. Our findings suggest that the efficiency of this light-driven system is limited by the initial one- or two-electron reduction of the catalytic cofactor (FeMoco) to enable substrate binding, but the subsequent electron-transfer steps into the FeMoco-bound substrate proceed efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Roth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, 92093-0356, United States
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