1
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Ghoshal S, Sarkar P. First-Principles Insights into the Mechanism of CO 2 Hydrogenation Reactions by Fe-PNP Pincer Complex. Chemphyschem 2024:e202400425. [PMID: 38758533 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Using the state of the art theoretical methods, we have provided a comprehensive mechanistic understanding of the CO2 hydrogenation into HCOOH, H2CO, and CH3OH by 2,6-bis(diisopropylphosphinomethyl)pyridine (PNP)-ligated Fe pincer complex, featuring one CO and two H as co-ligands. For the computational investigation, a verified structural model containing methyl groups in place of the experimental isopropyl groups was used. Three catalytic conversions involving hydrogenation of CO2 into formic acid (HCOOH), HCOOH into formaldehyde and methanol were studied in different solvent medium. Our modelled complex appears to be a viable base-free catalyst for the conversion of CO2 into HCOOH and HCOOH into H2CO, based on the free energy profiles, which show apparent activation energy barriers of 16.28 kcal/mol and 23.63 kcal/mol for the CO2 to HCOOH and HCOOH to H2CO conversion, respectively. However, the computed results show that, due to the huge energy span of H2CO to CH3OH conversion, complete hydrogenation of CO2 into methanol could not occur under moderate conditions. Morpholine co-catalyst, which can lower the hydrogenation barrier by taking part in a simultaneous H-atom donation-acceptance process, could have assisted in completing this step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Ghoshal
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, 731235
| | - Pranab Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, 731235
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2
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Morton M, Tay BY, Mah JJ, White AJ, Nobbs JD, van Meurs M, Britovsek GJ. Hydrogen Activation with Ru-PN 3P Pincer Complexes for the Conversion of C 1 Feedstocks. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:3393-3401. [PMID: 38330919 PMCID: PMC10880058 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The hydrogenation of C1 feedstocks (CO and CO2) has been investigated using ruthenium complexes [RuHCl(CO)(PN3P)] as the catalyst. PN3P pincer ligands containing amines in the linker between the central pyridine donor and the phosphorus donors with bulky substituents (tert-butyl (1) or TMPhos (2)) are required to obtain mononuclear single-site catalysts that can be activated by the addition of KOtBu to generate stable five-coordinate complexes [RuH(CO)(PN3P-H)], whereby the pincer ligand has been deprotonated. Activation of hydrogen takes place via heterolytic cleavage to generate [RuH2(CO)(PN3P)], but in the presence of CO, coordination of CO occurs preferentially to give [RuH(CO)2(PN3P-H)]. This complex can be protonated to give the cationic complex [RuH(CO)2(PN3P)]+, but it is unable to activate H2 heterolytically. In the case of the less coordinating CO2, both ruthenium complexes 1 and 2 are highly efficient as CO2 hydrogenation catalysts in the presence of a base (DBU), which in the case of the TMPhos ligand results in a TON of 30,000 for the formation of formate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew
D. Morton
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub,
White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United
Kingdom
| | - Boon Ying Tay
- Institute
of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ICSE2), Agency
for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Republic of Singapore
| | - Justin J.Q. Mah
- Institute
of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ICSE2), Agency
for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Republic of Singapore
| | - Andrew J.P. White
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub,
White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United
Kingdom
| | - James D. Nobbs
- Institute
of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ICSE2), Agency
for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Republic of Singapore
| | - Martin van Meurs
- Institute
of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ICSE2), Agency
for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Republic of Singapore
| | - George J.P. Britovsek
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub,
White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United
Kingdom
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3
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Tsai CP, Chen CY, Lin YL, Lan JC, Tsai ML. Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Formic Acid Promoted by Triphos-Co Complexes: Two Competing Pathways for H 2 Production. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:1759-1773. [PMID: 38217506 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we reported the synthesis and structural characterization of a triphos-CoII complex [(κ3-triphos)CoII(CH3CN)2]2+ (1) and a triphos-CoI-H complex [(κ2-triphos)HCoI(CO)2] (4). The facile synthetic pathways from 1 to [(κ3-triphos)CoII(κ2-O2CH)]+ (1') and [(κ3-triphos)CoI(CH3CN)]+ (2), respectively, as well as the interconversion between [(κ3-triphos)CoI(CO)2]+ (3) and 4 have been established. The activation energy barrier, associated with the dehydrogenation of a coordinated formate fragment in 1' yielding the corresponding 2 accompanied by the formation of H2 and CO2, was experimentally determined as 23.9 kcal/mol. With 0.01 mol % loading of 1, a maximum TON ∼ 1735 within 18 h and TOF ∼ 483 h-1 for the first 3 h could be achieved. Kinetic isotope effect (KIE) values of 2.25 (kHCOOH/kDCOOH) and 1.36 (kHCOOH/kHCOOD) for the dehydrogenation of formic acid and its deuterated derivatives, respectively, implicate that the H-COOH bond cleavage is likely the rate-determining step. The catalytic mechanism proposed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations coupled with experimental 1H NMR and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis unveils two competing pathways for H2 production; specifically, deprotonating a HCOO-H bond by a proposed Co-H intermediate C and homolytic cleavage of the CoII-H moiety of C, presumably via a dimeric Co intermediate D containing a [Co2(μ-H)2]2+ core, to yield the corresponding 2 and H2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chou-Pen Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lin Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Chen Lan
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Li Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
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4
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Gelman-Tropp S, Kirillov E, Hey-Hawkins E, Gelman D. Hydrogenation of CO 2 by a Bifunctional PC(sp 3 )P Iridium(III) Pincer Complex Equipped with Tertiary Amine as a Functional Group. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301915. [PMID: 37602815 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Reversible hydrogen storage in the form of stable and mostly harmless chemical substances such as formic acid (FA) is a cornerstone of a fossil fuels-free economy. In the past, we have reported a primary amine-functionalized bifunctional iridium(III)-PC(sp3 )P pincer complex as a mild and chemoselective catalyst for the additive-free decomposition of neat formic acid. In this manuscript, we report on the successful application of a redesigned complex bearing tertiary amine functionality as a catalyst for mild hydrogenation of CO2 to formic acid. The catalyst demonstrates TON up to 6×104 and TOF up to 1.7×104 h-1 . In addition to the practical value of the catalyst, experimental and computational mechanistic studies provide the rationale for the design of improved next-generation catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Gelman-Tropp
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Edmond Safra Campus, Givat Ram, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Evgueni Kirillov
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), UMR 6226, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dmitri Gelman
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Edmond Safra Campus, Givat Ram, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
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5
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Kushwaha S, Parthiban J, Singh SK. Recent Developments in Reversible CO 2 Hydrogenation and Formic Acid Dehydrogenation over Molecular Catalysts. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:38773-38793. [PMID: 37901502 PMCID: PMC10601445 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2), a valuable feedstock, can be reutilized as a hydrogen carrier by hydrogenating CO2 to formic acid (FA) and releasing hydrogen by FA dehydrogenation in a reversible manner. Notably, FA is liquid at room temperature and can be stored and transported considerably more safely than hydrogen gas. Herein, we extensively reviewed transition-metal-based molecular catalysts explored for reversible CO2 hydrogenation and FA dehydrogenation. This Review describes different approaches explored for carbon-neutral hydrogen storage and release by applying CO2 hydrogenation to FA/formate and the subsequent release of H2 by the dehydrogenation of FA over a wide range of molecular catalysts based on noble and non-noble metals. Emphasis is also placed on the specific catalyst-to-substrate interaction by highlighting the specific role of the catalyst in the CO2 hydrogenation-FA dehydrogenation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sanjay Kumar Singh
- Catalysis Group, Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Indore, Simrol, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
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6
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Knörr P, Lentz N, Albrecht M. Efficient additive-free formic acid dehydrogenation with a NNN-ruthenium complex. Catal Sci Technol 2023; 13:5625-5631. [PMID: 38013841 PMCID: PMC10544809 DOI: 10.1039/d3cy00512g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
A new ruthenium complex containing a pyridylidene amine-based NNN ligand was developed as a catalyst precursor for formic acid dehydrogenation, which, as a rare example, does not require basic additives to display high activity (TOF ∼10 000 h-1). Conveniently, the complex is air-stable, but sensitive to light. Mechanistic investigations using UV-vis and NMR spectroscopic monitoring correlated with gas evolution profiles indicate rapid and reversible protonation of the central nitrogen of the NNN ligand as key step of catalyst activation, followed by an associative step for formic acid dehydrogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Knörr
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Lentz
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Martin Albrecht
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
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7
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Sapountzaki E, Rova U, Christakopoulos P, Antonopoulou I. Renewable Hydrogen Production and Storage Via Enzymatic Interconversion of CO 2 and Formate with Electrochemical Cofactor Regeneration. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202202312. [PMID: 37165995 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202202312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The urgent need to reduce CO2 emissions has motivated the development of CO2 capture and utilization technologies. An emerging application is CO2 transformation into storage chemicals for clean energy carriers. Formic acid (FA), a valuable product of CO2 reduction, is an excellent hydrogen carrier. CO2 conversion to FA, followed by H2 release from FA, are conventionally chemically catalyzed. Biocatalysts offer a highly specific and less energy-intensive alternative. CO2 conversion to formate is catalyzed by formate dehydrogenase (FDH), which usually requires a cofactor to function. Several FDHs have been incorporated in bioelectrochemical systems where formate is produced by the biocathode and the cofactor is electrochemically regenerated. H2 production from formate is also catalyzed by several microorganisms possessing either formate hydrogenlyase or hydrogen-dependent CO2 reductase complexes. Combination of these two processes can lead to a CO2 -recycling cycle for H2 production, storage, and release with potentially lower environmental impact than conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria Sapountzaki
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Rova
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Paul Christakopoulos
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Io Antonopoulou
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187, Luleå, Sweden
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8
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Wei D, Shi X, Junge H, Du C, Beller M. Carbon neutral hydrogen storage and release cycles based on dual-functional roles of formamides. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3726. [PMID: 37349304 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39309-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of alternative clean energy carriers is a key challenge for our society. Carbon-based hydrogen storage materials are well-suited to undergo reversible (de)hydrogenation reactions and the development of catalysts for the individual process steps is crucial. In the current state, noble metal-based catalysts still dominate this field. Here, a system for partially reversible and carbon-neutral hydrogen storage and release is reported. It is based on the dual-functional roles of formamides and uses a small molecule Fe-pincer complex as the catalyst, showing good stability and reusability with high productivity. Starting from formamides, quantitative production of CO-free hydrogen is achieved at high selectivity ( > 99.9%). This system works at modest temperatures of 90 °C, which can be easily supplied by the waste heat from e.g., proton-exchange membrane fuel cells. Employing such system, we achieve >70% H2 evolution efficiency and >99% H2 selectivity in 10 charge-discharge cycles, avoiding undesired carbon emission between cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Xinzhe Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Henrik Junge
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V, 18059, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Chunyu Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China.
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9
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Kushwaha S, Awasthi MK, Das A, Pathak B, Singh SK. Diruthenium Catalyst for Hydrogen Production from Aqueous Formic Acid. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:8080-8092. [PMID: 37196200 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Diruthenium complexes [{(η6-arene)RuCl}2(μ-κ2:κ2-benztetraimd)]2+ containing the bridging bis-imidazole methane-based ligand {1,4-bis(bis(2-ethyl-5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl)benzene} (benztetraimd) are synthesized for catalytic formic acid dehydrogenation in water at 90 °C. Catalyst [{(η6-p-cymene)RuCl}2(μ-κ2:κ2-benztetraimd)]2+ [1-Cl2] exhibited a remarkably high turnover frequency (1993 h-1 per Ru atom) and long-term stability over 60 days for formic acid dehydrogenation, while the analogous (η6-benzene)diruthenium and mononuclear catalysts displayed low activity with poor long-term stability. Notably, catalyst [1-Cl2] also displayed an appreciably high turnover number of 93 200 for the bulk-scale reaction. In addition, the in-depth mass and nuclear magnetic resonance investigations under the catalytic and control experimental conditions revealed the active involvement of several crucial catalytic intermediate species, such as Ru-aqua species [{(η6-p-cymene)Ru(H2O)}2(μ-L)]2+ [1-(OH2)2], Ru-formato species [{(η6-p-cymene)Ru(HCOO)}2(μ-L)] [1-(HCOO)2], and Ru-hydrido species [{(η6-p-cymene)Ru(H)}2(μ-L)] [1-(H)2], in the catalytic formic acid dehydrogenation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Kushwaha
- Catalysis Group, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Mahendra Kumar Awasthi
- Catalysis Group, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Amitabha Das
- Computational Materials Designing Group, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Biswarup Pathak
- Computational Materials Designing Group, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Singh
- Catalysis Group, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
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10
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Louis Anandaraj SJ, Kang L, DeBeer S, Bordet A, Leitner W. Catalytic Hydrogenation of CO 2 to Formate Using Ruthenium Nanoparticles Immobilized on Supported Ionic Liquid Phases. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206806. [PMID: 36709493 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium nanoparticles (NPs) immobilized on imidazolium-based supported ionic liquid phases (Ru@SILP) act as effective heterogeneous catalysts for the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) to formate in a mixture of water and triethylamine (NEt3 ). The structure of the imidazolium-based molecular modifiers is varied systematically regarding side chain functionality (neutral, basic, and acidic) and anion to assess the influence of the IL-type environment on the NPs synthesis and catalytic properties. The resulting Ru@SILP materials contain well-dispersed Ru NPs with diameters in the range 0.8-2.9 nm that are found 2 to 10 times more active for CO2 hydrogenation than a reference Ru@SiO2 catalyst under identical conditions. Introduction of sulfonic acid groups in the IL modifiers results in a greatly increased turnover number (TON) and turnover frequency (TOF) at reduced metal loadings. As a result, excellent productivity with TONs up to 16 100 at an initial TOF of 1430 h-1 can be achieved with the Ru@SILP(SO3 H-OAc) catalyst. H/D exchange and other control experiments suggest an accelerated desorption of the formate species from the Ru NPs promoted by the presence of ammonium sulfonate species on Ru@SILP(SO3 H-X) materials, resulting in enhanced catalyst activity and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savarithai Jenani Louis Anandaraj
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Liqun Kang
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Alexis Bordet
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Walter Leitner
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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11
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Nobbs JD, Sugiarto S, See XY, Cheong CB, Aitipamula S, Stubbs LP, van Meurs M. Tetramethylphosphinane as a new secondary phosphine synthon. Commun Chem 2023; 6:85. [PMID: 37120598 PMCID: PMC10148838 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00876-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary phosphines are important building blocks in organic chemistry as their reactive P-H bond enables construction of more elaborate molecules. In particular, they can be used to construct tertiary phosphines that have widespread applications as organocatalysts, and as ligands in metal-complex catalysis. We report here a practical synthesis of the bulky secondary phosphine synthon 2,2,6,6-tetramethylphosphinane (TMPhos). Its nitrogen analogue tetramethylpiperidine, known for over a century, is used as a base in organic chemistry. We obtained TMPhos on a multigram scale from an inexpensive air-stable precursor, ammonium hypophosphite. TMPhos is also a close structural relative of di-tert-butylphosphine, a key component of many important catalysts. Herein we also describe the synthesis of key derivatives of TMPhos, with potential applications ranging from CO2 conversion to cross-coupling and beyond. The availability of a new core phosphine building block opens up a diverse array of opportunities in catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Nobbs
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore, 627833, Republic of Singapore
| | - Sigit Sugiarto
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore, 627833, Republic of Singapore
| | - Xin Yi See
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore, 627833, Republic of Singapore
| | - Choon Boon Cheong
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore, 627833, Republic of Singapore
| | - Srinivasulu Aitipamula
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore, 627833, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ludger P Stubbs
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore, 627833, Republic of Singapore
| | - Martin van Meurs
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore, 627833, Republic of Singapore.
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12
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Chang J, Mao JX, Ding M, Zhang J, Chen X. Evaluating the Catalytic Activities of PNCNP Pincer Group 10 Metal Hydride Complexes: Pd-Catalyzed Reduction of CO 2 to the Formic Acid Level with NH 3·BH 3 and NaBH 4 under Ambient Conditions. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:4971-4979. [PMID: 36922906 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
In order to develop efficient protocols for CO2 reduction with less expensive and more convenient hydrogen sources, the catalytic reactivities of group 10 metal hydride complexes supported by a PNCNP pincer ligand, [2,6-(tBu2PNH)2C6H3]MH (M = Ni, 1a; Pd, 1b; Pt, 1c), against the hydroboration of CO2 with NH3·BH3 and NaBH4 have been explored. Both 1a and 1b readily react with CO2 at room temperature to form the corresponding formato complexes, [2,6-(tBu2PNH)2C6H3]MOC(O)H (M = Ni, 2a; Pd, 2b), in nearly quantitative yields. Treatment of NH3·BH3 with CO2 (1 atm) in 1,4-dioxane or THF at room temperature in the presence of 0.05-1.0 mol % of 1b followed by hydrolysis of the resulting mixtures produces formic acid in 105-186% yields, and initial turnover frequencies of up to 2000 h-1 are observed. In the presence of 1.0 mol % of 1b, NaBH4 reacts with CO2 (1 atm) in THF at room temperature to form NaB[OC(O)H]4 (3) in 87% isolated yield. In situ NMR spectroscopy indicates that the reactions proceed through the insertion of the C═O bond in CO2 into the Pd-H bond in 1b to form 2b, which sequentially reacts with the hydrides in NH3·BH3 or NaBH4 to produce boron formato species and regenerate 1b. This work represents one of the rare examples of catalytic transfer hydrogenation of CO2 with NH3·BH3 to the formic acid level under very mild conditions without any additives and also the first example of 4 equiv of CO2 uptake by NaBH4 in a reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Chang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Jia-Xue Mao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Man Ding
- Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xuenian Chen
- Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.,College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
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13
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Piccirilli L, Rabell B, Padilla R, Riisager A, Das S, Nielsen M. Versatile CO 2 Hydrogenation-Dehydrogenation Catalysis with a Ru-PNP/Ionic Liquid System. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:5655-5663. [PMID: 36867088 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
High catalytic activities of Ru-PNP [Ru = ruthenium; PNP = bis alkyl- or aryl ethylphosphinoamine complexes in ionic liquids (ILs) were obtained for the reversible hydrogenation of CO2 and dehydrogenation of formic acid (FA) under exceedingly mild conditions and without sacrificial additives. The novel catalytic system relies on the synergic combination of Ru-PNP and IL and proceeds with CO2 hydrogenation already at 25 °C under a continuous flow of 1 bar of CO2/H2 (1:5), leading to 14 mol % FA with respect to the IL. A pressure of 40 bar of CO2/H2 (1:1) provides 126 mol % of FA/IL corresponding to a space-time yield (STY) of FA of 0.15 mol L-1 h-1. The conversion of CO2 contained in imitated biogas was also achieved at 25 °C. Furthermore, the Ru-PNP/IL system catalyzes FA dehydrogenation with average turnover frequencies up to 11,000 h-1 under heat-integrated conditions for proton-exchange membrane fuel cell applications (<100 °C). Thus, 4 mL of a 0.005 M Ru-PNP/IL system converted 14.5 L FA over 4 months with a turnover number exceeding 18,000,000 and a STY of CO2 and H2 of 35.7 mol L-1 h-1. Finally, 13 hydrogenation/dehydrogenation cycles were achieved with no sign of deactivation. These results demonstrate the potential of the Ru-PNP/IL system to serve as a FA/CO2 battery, a H2 releaser, and a hydrogenative CO2 converter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Piccirilli
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Brenda Rabell
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Rosa Padilla
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anders Riisager
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Shoubhik Das
- Department of Chemistry, Universiteit Antwerpen, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Martin Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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14
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Velty A, Corma A. Advanced zeolite and ordered mesoporous silica-based catalysts for the conversion of CO 2 to chemicals and fuels. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:1773-1946. [PMID: 36786224 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00456a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
For many years, capturing, storing or sequestering CO2 from concentrated emission sources or from air has been a powerful technique for reducing atmospheric CO2. Moreover, the use of CO2 as a C1 building block to mitigate CO2 emissions and, at the same time, produce sustainable chemicals or fuels is a challenging and promising alternative to meet global demand for chemicals and energy. Hence, the chemical incorporation and conversion of CO2 into valuable chemicals has received much attention in the last decade, since CO2 is an abundant, inexpensive, nontoxic, nonflammable, and renewable one-carbon building block. Nevertheless, CO2 is the most oxidized form of carbon, thermodynamically the most stable form and kinetically inert. Consequently, the chemical conversion of CO2 requires highly reactive, rich-energy substrates, highly stable products to be formed or harder reaction conditions. The use of catalysts constitutes an important tool in the development of sustainable chemistry, since catalysts increase the rate of the reaction without modifying the overall standard Gibbs energy in the reaction. Therefore, special attention has been paid to catalysis, and in particular to heterogeneous catalysis because of its environmentally friendly and recyclable nature attributed to simple separation and recovery, as well as its applicability to continuous reactor operations. Focusing on heterogeneous catalysts, we decided to center on zeolite and ordered mesoporous materials due to their high thermal and chemical stability and versatility, which make them good candidates for the design and development of catalysts for CO2 conversion. In the present review, we analyze the state of the art in the last 25 years and the potential opportunities for using zeolite and OMS (ordered mesoporous silica) based materials to convert CO2 into valuable chemicals essential for our daily lives and fuels, and to pave the way towards reducing carbon footprint. In this review, we have compiled, to the best of our knowledge, the different reactions involving catalysts based on zeolites and OMS to convert CO2 into cyclic and dialkyl carbonates, acyclic carbamates, 2-oxazolidones, carboxylic acids, methanol, dimethylether, methane, higher alcohols (C2+OH), C2+ (gasoline, olefins and aromatics), syngas (RWGS, dry reforming of methane and alcohols), olefins (oxidative dehydrogenation of alkanes) and simple fuels by photoreduction. The use of advanced zeolite and OMS-based materials, and the development of new processes and technologies should provide a new impulse to boost the conversion of CO2 into chemicals and fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Velty
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 València, Spain.
| | - Avelino Corma
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 València, Spain.
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15
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Lu X, Song C, Qi X, Li D, Lin L. Confinement Effects in Well-Defined Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) for Selective CO 2 Hydrogenation: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044228. [PMID: 36835639 PMCID: PMC9959283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Decarbonization has become an urgent affair to restrain global warming. CO2 hydrogenation coupled with H2 derived from water electrolysis is considered a promising route to mitigate the negative impact of carbon emission and also promote the application of hydrogen. It is of great significance to develop catalysts with excellent performance and large-scale implementation. In the past decades, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been widely involved in the rational design of catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation due to their high surface areas, tunable porosities, well-ordered pore structures, and diversities in metals and functional groups. Confinement effects in MOFs or MOF-derived materials have been reported to promote the stability of CO2 hydrogenation catalysts, such as molecular complexes of immobilization effect, active sites in size effect, stabilization in the encapsulation effect, and electron transfer and interfacial catalysis in the synergistic effect. This review attempts to summarize the progress of MOF-based CO2 hydrogenation catalysts up to now, and demonstrate the synthetic strategies, unique features, and enhancement mechanisms compared with traditionally supported catalysts. Great emphasis will be placed on various confinement effects in CO2 hydrogenation. The challenges and opportunities in precise design, synthesis, and applications of MOF-confined catalysis for CO2 hydrogenation are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Lu
- Institute of Industrial Catalysis, State Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Chuqiao Song
- Institute of Industrial Catalysis, State Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xingyu Qi
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Duanxing Li
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Lili Lin
- Institute of Industrial Catalysis, State Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Correspondence:
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16
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Palladium Complexes bearing aromatic Bis-aldimine N^N^N Pincer ligands; Activity as Catalysts in the Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide. Polyhedron 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2023.116360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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17
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Mariyaselvakumar M, Kadam GG, Mani M, Srinivasan K, Konwar LJ. Direct hydrogenation of CO2-rich scrubbing solvents to formate/formic acid over heterogeneous Ru catalysts: A sustainable approach towards continuous integrated CCU. J CO2 UTIL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Kuznetsov NY, Maximov AL, Beletskaya IP. Novel Technological Paradigm of the Application of Carbon Dioxide as a C1 Synthon in Organic Chemistry: I. Synthesis of Hydroxybenzoic Acids, Methanol, and Formic Acid. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428022120016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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19
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Wang J, Zhang L, Jin F, Chen X. Palladium nanoparticles on chitin-derived nitrogen-doped carbon materials for carbon dioxide hydrogenation into formic acid. RSC Adv 2022; 12:33859-33869. [PMID: 36505688 PMCID: PMC9693910 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06462f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Utilizing waste carbon resources to produce chemicals and materials is beneficial to mitigate the fossil fuel consumption and the global warming. In this study, ocean-based chitin biomass and waste shrimp shell powders were employed as the feedstock to prepare Pd loaded nitrogen-doped carbon materials as the catalysts for carbon dioxide (CO2)/bicarbonate hydrogenation into formic acid, which simultaneously converts waste biomass into useful materials and CO2 into a valuable chemical. Three different preparation methods were examined, and the two-stage calcination was the most efficient one to obtain N-doped carbon material with good physicochemical properties as the best Pd support. The highest formic acid yield was achieved of ∼77% at 100 °C in water with KHCO3 substrate under optimal condition with a TON of 610. The nitrogen content and N functionalities of the as-synthesized carbon materials were crucial which could serve as anchor sites for the Pd precursor and assist the formation of well-dispersed and small-sized Pd NPs for boosted catalytic activity. The study puts forward a facile, inexpensive and environmentally benign way for simultaneous valorization of oceanic waste biomass and carbon dioxide into valuable products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Wang
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University3 Yinlian Rd201306ShanghaiChina
| | - Lei Zhang
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University3 Yinlian Rd201306ShanghaiChina
| | - Fangming Jin
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University3 Yinlian Rd201306ShanghaiChina,School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University201306ShanghaiChina
| | - Xi Chen
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University3 Yinlian Rd201306ShanghaiChina
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20
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Maji B, Kumar A, Bhattacherya A, Bera JK, Choudhury J. Cyclic Amide-Anchored NHC-Based Cp*Ir Catalysts for Bidirectional Hydrogenation–Dehydrogenation with CO 2/HCO 2H Couple. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Babulal Maji
- Organometallics & Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal 462 066, India
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Organometallics & Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal 462 066, India
| | - Arindom Bhattacherya
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208 016, India
| | - Jitendra K. Bera
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208 016, India
| | - Joyanta Choudhury
- Organometallics & Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal 462 066, India
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21
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Yaacoub L, Dutta I, Werghi B, Chen BWJ, Zhang J, Hamad EA, Ling Ang EP, Pump E, Sedjerari AB, Huang KW, Basset JM. Formic Acid Dehydrogenation via an Active Ruthenium Pincer Catalyst Immobilized on Tetra-Coordinated Aluminum Hydride Species Supported on Fibrous Silica Nanospheres. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Layal Yaacoub
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering and KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Indranil Dutta
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering and KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Baraa Werghi
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering and KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Benjamin W. J. Chen
- Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Institute of High Performance Computing, 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16−16 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Singapore
| | - Jia Zhang
- Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Institute of High Performance Computing, 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16−16 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Singapore
| | - Edy Abou Hamad
- Imaging and Characterization Department, KAUST Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eleanor Pei Ling Ang
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering and KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eva Pump
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering and KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anissa Bendjeriou Sedjerari
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering and KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kuo-Wei Huang
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering and KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Institute of Materials Research and Engineering and Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Jean-Marie Basset
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering and KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 11 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Cedex 05 75231, Paris
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22
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Qiu LQ, Yao X, Zhang YK, Li HR, He LN. Advancements and Challenges in Reductive Conversion of Carbon Dioxide via Thermo-/Photocatalysis. J Org Chem 2022; 88:4942-4964. [PMID: 36342846 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the major greenhouse gas and also an abundant and renewable carbon resource. Therefore, its chemical conversion and utilization are of great attraction for sustainable development. Especially, reductive conversion of CO2 with energy input has become a current hotspot due to its ability to access fuels and various important chemicals. Nowadays, the controllable CO2 hydrogenation to formic acid and alcohols using sustainable H2 resources has been regarded as an appealing solution to hydrogen storage and CO2 accumulation. In addition, photocatalytic CO2 reduction to CO also provides a potential way to utilize this greenhouse gas efficiently. Besides direct CO2 hydrogenation, CO2 reductive functionalization integrates CO2 reduction with subsequent C-X (X = N, S, C, O) bond formation and indirect transformation strategies, enlarging the diverse products derived from CO2 and promoting CO2 reductive conversion into a new stage. In this Perspective, the progress and challenges of CO2 reductive conversion, including hydrogenation, reductive functionalization, photocatalytic reduction, and photocatalytic reductive functionalization are summarized and discussed along with the key issues and future trends/directions in this field. We hope this Perspective can evoke intense interest and inspire much innovation in the promise of CO2 valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Qi Qiu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiangyang Yao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yong-Kang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hong-Ru Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China
| | - Liang-Nian He
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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23
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Kim C, Yoo CJ, Oh HS, Min BK, Lee U. Review of carbon dioxide utilization technologies and their potential for industrial application. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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24
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Wei D, Shi X, Sponholz P, Junge H, Beller M. Manganese Promoted (Bi)carbonate Hydrogenation and Formate Dehydrogenation: Toward a Circular Carbon and Hydrogen Economy. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2022; 8:1457-1463. [PMID: 36313168 PMCID: PMC9615124 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We report here a feasible hydrogen storage and release process by interconversion of readily available (bi)carbonate and formate salts in the presence of naturally occurring α-amino acids. These transformations are of interest for the concept of a circular carbon economy. The use of inorganic carbonate salts for hydrogen storage and release is also described for the first time. Hydrogenation of these substrates proceeds with high formate yields in the presence of specific manganese pincer catalysts and glutamic acid. Based on this, cyclic hydrogen storage and release processes with carbonate salts succeed with good H2 yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Wei
- Leibniz-Institut
für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059Rostock, Germany
| | - Xinzhe Shi
- Leibniz-Institut
für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059Rostock, Germany
| | - Peter Sponholz
- APEX
Energy Teterow GmbH, Hans-Adam-Allee 1, 18299Rostock-Laage, Germany
| | - Henrik Junge
- Leibniz-Institut
für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059Rostock, Germany
| | - Matthias Beller
- Leibniz-Institut
für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059Rostock, Germany
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25
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Vatsa A, Mishra A, Padhi SK. Monitoring of catalytic dehydrogenation of formic acid by a ruthenium (II) complex through manometry. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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Amine-Functionalized Natural Halloysite Nanotubes Supported Metallic (Pd, Au, Ag) Nanoparticles and Their Catalytic Performance for Dehydrogenation of Formic Acid. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12142414. [PMID: 35889634 PMCID: PMC9318759 DOI: 10.3390/nano12142414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In today’s age of resource scarcity, the low-cost development and utilization of renewable energy, e.g., hydrogen energy, have attracted much attention in the world. In this work, cheap natural halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were modified with γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), and the functionalized HNTs were used as to support metal (Pd, Au, Ag) catalysts for dehydrogenation of formic acid (DFA). The supports and fabricated catalysts were characterized with ICP, FT-IR, XRD, XPS and TEM. The functional groups facilitate the anchoring of metal particles to the supports, which brings about the high dispersion of metallic particles in catalysts. The catalysts show high activity against DFA and exhibit selectivity of 100% toward H2 at room temperature or less. The interactions between active centers and supports were investigated by evaluation and comparison of the catalytic performances of Pd/NH2-HNTs, PdAg/NH2-HNTs and PdAu/NH2-HNTs for DFA.
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27
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Substituent’s Effects of PNP Ligands in Ru(II)-Catalyzed Hydrogenation of CO2 to Formate: Theoretical Analysis Considering Steric Hindrance and Promotion of Hydrogen Bonding. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12070760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper investigates the effects of substituents in PNP-type ruthenium complexes in the catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 to formate using the DFT method. Six groups were considered as substituents linked to the P atom of the PNP ligand: hydrogen, methyl, iso-propyl, tert-butyl, cyclopentyl, and cyclohexyl. The substituent effects were analyzed from the perspectives of steric hindrance and promotion of hydrogen bonding. With the joint functions of steric hindrance and hydrogen bonding promotion during the CO2 coordination step, hydride addition step, and HCOO− rotation step, these groups exhibited very different substituent effects. The results showed that the methyl group was the most favorable substituent when the solvent’s effects were not included, as it formed hydrogen bonding with relatively weak steric hindrance. The second favorable substituent was the iso-propyl group, while the tert-butyl group was the most unfavorable one, due to remarkable steric hindrance. When the substituent was cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl, the complex provided a wider open space for the reaction compared with the tert-butyl-substituted complex, because cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl are cyclic groups. Therefore, the principle for choosing the substituent in PNP-type complexes allowing the design of highly efficient catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation indicates that more hydrogen atoms but wider open space are ideal. In addition, the substituent’s effects can be markedly impacted by the solvent used.
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28
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Hu X, Luo M, ur Rehman M, Sun J, Yaseen HA, Irshad F, Zhao Y, Wang S, Ma X. Mechanistic insight into the electron-donation effect of modified ZIF-8 on Ru for CO2 hydrogenation to formic acid. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.101992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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29
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Wei D, Sang R, Moazezbarabadi A, Junge H, Beller M. Homogeneous Carbon Capture and Catalytic Hydrogenation: Toward a Chemical Hydrogen Battery System. JACS AU 2022; 2:1020-1031. [PMID: 35647600 PMCID: PMC9131476 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments of CO2 capture and subsequent catalytic hydrogenation to C1 products are discussed and evaluated in this Perspective. Such processes can become a crucial part of a more sustainable energy economy in the future. The individual steps of this catalytic carbon capture and usage (CCU) approach also provide the basis for chemical hydrogen batteries. Here, specifically the reversible CO2/formic acid (or bicarbonate/formate salts) system is presented, and the utilized catalysts are discussed.
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30
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Onishi N, Kanega R, Kawanami H, Himeda Y. Recent Progress in Homogeneous Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Formic Acid. Molecules 2022; 27:455. [PMID: 35056770 PMCID: PMC8781907 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, there has been a strong demand for technologies that use hydrogen as an energy carrier, instead of fossil fuels. Hence, new and effective hydrogen storage technologies are attracting increasing attention. Formic acid (FA) is considered an effective liquid chemical for hydrogen storage because it is easier to handle than solid or gaseous materials. This review presents recent advances in research into the development of homogeneous catalysts, primarily focusing on hydrogen generation by FA dehydrogenation. Notably, this review will aid in the development of useful catalysts, thereby accelerating the transition to a hydrogen-based society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Onishi
- Global Zero Emission Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba West, 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8569, Ibaraki, Japan;
| | - Ryoichi Kanega
- Research Institute of Energy Conservation, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8565, Ibaraki, Japan;
| | - Hajime Kawanami
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Ibaraki, Japan;
| | - Yuichiro Himeda
- Global Zero Emission Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba West, 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8569, Ibaraki, Japan;
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31
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Vatsa A, Padhi SK. Formic acid dehydrogenation by [Ru(η 6-benzene)(L)Cl] catalysts: L = 2-methylquinolin-8-olate and quinolin-8-olate. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj03121c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two Ru-arene-based catalysts are employed for the dehydrogenation of formic acid. The mechanism has also been interpreted. The catalytic activity of the complexes was also compared with previously reported ruthenium arene complexes using manometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Vatsa
- Artificial Photosynthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826004, India
| | - Sumanta Kumar Padhi
- Artificial Photosynthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826004, India
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32
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Kipshagen A, Baums J, Hartmann H, Besmehn A, Hausoul P, Palkovits R. Formic Acid as H2 Storage System: Hydrogenation of CO2 and Decomposition of Formic Acid by Solid Molecular Phosphine Catalysts. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy00608a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and decomposition of formic acid (FA) in aqueous triethylamine (NEt3) with solid molecular phosphine catalysts is demonstrated. Ru-catalyst based on the polymeric analog of 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane presented the highest...
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33
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Tossaint AS, Rebreyend C, Sinha V, Weber M, Canossa S, Pidko EA, Filonenko GA. Two step activation of Ru-PN 3P pincer catalysts for CO 2 hydrogenation. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy00485b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Activation of homogeneous catalysts is crucial for their operation. We describe the consecutive double activation of Ru pincer catalyst required to trigger its catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex S. Tossaint
- Inorganic Systems Engineering Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Christophe Rebreyend
- Inorganic Systems Engineering Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Vivek Sinha
- Inorganic Systems Engineering Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Manuela Weber
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie, Fabreckstrasse 34/36, D-14195 Berlin, Dahlem, Germany
| | - Stefano Canossa
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Evgeny A. Pidko
- Inorganic Systems Engineering Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Georgy A. Filonenko
- Inorganic Systems Engineering Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
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34
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Gong H, Cui T, Liu Z, Zheng Y, Zheng X, Fu H, Yuan M, Chen H, Xu J, Li R. Nitrogen–nitrogen-functionalized N-heterocyclic carbene ruthenium( ii) complexes realized efficient CO 2 hydrogenation to formate. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy00741j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three new Ru–CNN complexes are synthesized for the hydrogenation of CO2 to formate. The Ru–CNN complex exhibits a long lifetime of over 400 h at 170 °C with a high TON of 6.5 × 105.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihua Gong
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Tianhua Cui
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Zheyuan Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Yanling Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Xueli Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Haiyan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Maolin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Jiaqi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Ruixiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
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35
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Cauwenbergh R, Goyal V, Maiti R, Natte K, Das S. Challenges and recent advancements in the transformation of CO 2 into carboxylic acids: straightforward assembly with homogeneous 3d metals. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:9371-9423. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00921d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Transformation of carbon dioxide (CO2) into valuable organic carboxylic acids is essential for maintaining sustainability. In this review, such CO2 thermo-, photo- and electrochemical transformations under 3d-transition metal catalysis are described from 2017 until 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Cauwenbergh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Vishakha Goyal
- Chemical and Material Sciences Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun-248005, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Joggers Road, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
| | - Rakesh Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Kishore Natte
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, 502 285, Telangana, India
| | - Shoubhik Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
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36
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Curley JB, Hert C, Bernskoetter WH, Hazari N, Mercado BQ. Control of Catalyst Isomers Using an N-Phenyl-Substituted RN(CH 2CH 2P iPr 2) 2 Pincer Ligand in CO 2 Hydrogenation and Formic Acid Dehydrogenation. Inorg Chem 2021; 61:643-656. [PMID: 34955015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A novel pincer ligand, iPrPNPhP [PhN(CH2CH2PiPr2)2], which is an analogue of the versatile MACHO ligand, iPrPNHP [HN(CH2CH2PiPr2)2], was synthesized and characterized. The ligand was coordinated to ruthenium, and a series of hydride-containing complexes were isolated and characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopies, as well as X-ray diffraction. Comparisons to previously published analogues ligated by iPrPNHP and iPrPNMeP [CH3N(CH2CH2PiPr2)2] illustrate that there are large changes in the coordination chemistry that occur when the nitrogen substituent of the pincer ligand is altered. For example, ruthenium hydrides supported by the iPrPNPhP ligand always form the syn isomer (where syn/anti refer to the relative orientation of the group on nitrogen and the hydride ligand on ruthenium), whereas complexes supported by iPrPNHP form the anti isomer and complexes supported by iPrPNMeP form a mixture of syn and anti isomers. We evaluated the impact of the nitrogen substituent of the pincer ligand in catalysis by comparing a series of iPrPNRP (R = H, Me, Ph)-ligated ruthenium hydride complexes as catalysts for formic acid dehydrogenation and carbon dioxide (CO2) hydrogenation to formate. The iPrPNPhP-ligated species is the most active for formic acid dehydrogenation, and mechanistic studies suggest that this is likely because there are kinetic advantages for catalysts that operate via the syn isomer. In CO2 hydrogenation, the iPrPNPhP-ligated species is again the most active under our optimal conditions, and we report some of the highest turnover frequencies for homogeneous catalysts. Experimental and theoretical insights into the turnover-limiting step of catalysis provide a basis for the observed trends in catalytic activity. Additionally, the stability of our complexes enabled us to detect a previously unobserved autocatalytic effect involving the base that is added to drive the reaction. Overall, by modifying the nitrogen substituent on the MACHO ligand, we have developed highly active catalysts for formic acid dehydrogenation and CO2 hydrogenation and also provided a framework for future catalyst development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia B Curley
- The Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Clayton Hert
- The Department of Chemistry, The University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Wesley H Bernskoetter
- The Department of Chemistry, The University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Nilay Hazari
- The Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Brandon Q Mercado
- The Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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37
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Recent Advances in Homogeneous/Heterogeneous Catalytic Hydrogenation and Dehydrogenation for Potential Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carrier (LOHC) Systems. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11121497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we review liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) as a potential solution to the global warming problem due to the increased use of fossil fuels. Recently, hydrogen molecules have attracted attention as a sustainable energy carrier from renewable energy-rich regions to energy-deficient regions. The LOHC system is one a particularly promising hydrogen storage system in the “hydrogen economy”, and efficient hydrogen mass production that generates only benign byproducts can be applied in the industry. Therefore, this article presents hydrogenation and dehydrogenation, using homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysts, for several types of LOHCs, including formic acid/formaldehyde/ammonia, homocyclic compounds, nitrogen- and oxygen-containing compounds. In addition, it introduces LOHC system reactor types.
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38
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Chirdon DN, Kelley SP, Hazari N, Bernskoetter WH. Comparative Coordination Chemistry of PNP and SNS Pincer Ruthenium Complexes. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle N. Chirdon
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Steven P. Kelley
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Nilay Hazari
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Wesley H. Bernskoetter
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
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39
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Bothra N, Das S, Pati SK. Explaining the Advantageous Impact of Tertiary versus Secondary Nitrogen Center on the Activity of PNP-Pincer Co(I)-Complexes for Catalytic Hydrogenation of CO 2. Chemistry 2021; 27:16407-16414. [PMID: 34636450 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Pincer ligated coordination complexes of base metals have shown remarkable catalytic activity for hydrogenation/dehydrogenation of CO2 . The recently reported MeN[CH2 CH2 (i Pr2 )]2 Co(I)PNP-pincer complex was shown to exhibit substantially higher catalytic activity in comparison to the corresponding catalyst, HN[CH2 CH2 (i Pr2 )]2 Co(I)PNP, bearing a secondary nitrogen center on the pincer ligand. Here, we computationally investigate the mechanisms for hydrogenation of CO2 to formate catalyzed by these two Co-PNP complexes to explain how such a small structural difference could have a sizable impact on their catalytic activity. Plausible hydrogenation routes were examined in details and our findings provide solid support for the experimental observations. Our results reveal that such trends in catalytic activity could be explained from the lower activation barrier for the hydride transfer step upon changing the pincer nitrogen center from secondary to tertiary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Bothra
- Advanced Quantum Theory: Molecules to Materials Group, School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Theoretical Science Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | - Shubhajit Das
- New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Bangalore, 560064, India.,Present address: Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fedéralé de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Swapan K Pati
- Advanced Quantum Theory: Molecules to Materials Group, School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Theoretical Science Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bengaluru, 560064, India
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40
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Cramer H, Ye S, Neese F, Werlé C, Leitner W. Cobalt-Catalyzed Hydrosilylation of Carbon Dioxide to the Formic Acid, Formaldehyde, and Methanol Level-How to Control the Catalytic Network? JACS AU 2021; 1:2058-2069. [PMID: 34849511 PMCID: PMC8620560 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The selective hydrosilylation of carbon dioxide (CO2) to either the formic acid, formaldehyde, or methanol level using a molecular cobalt(II) triazine complex can be controlled based on reaction parameters such as temperature, CO2 pressure, and concentration. Here, we rationalize the catalytic mechanism that enables the selective arrival at each product platform. Key reactive intermediates were prepared and spectroscopically characterized, while the catalytic mechanism and the energy profile were analyzed with density functional theory (DFT) methods and microkinetic modeling. It transpired that the stepwise reduction of CO2 involves three consecutive catalytic cycles, including the same cobalt(I) triazine hydride complex as the active species. The increasing kinetic barriers associated with each reduction step and the competing hydride transfer steps in the three cycles corroborate the strong influence of the catalyst environment on the product selectivity. The fundamental mechanistic insights provide a consistent description of the catalytic system and rationalize, in particular, the experimentally verified opportunity to steer the reaction toward the formaldehyde product as the chemically most challenging reduction level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna
H. Cramer
- Max
Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34−36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Institut
für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie (ITMC), RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Shengfa Ye
- State
Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute
of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Frank Neese
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Christophe Werlé
- Max
Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34−36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Ruhr
University Bochum, Universitätsstr.
150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Walter Leitner
- Max
Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34−36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Institut
für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie (ITMC), RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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41
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Trans Influence of Boryl Ligands in CO2 Hydrogenation on Ruthenium Complexes: Theoretical Prediction of Highly Active Catalysts for CO2 Reduction. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11111356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we study the trans influence of boryl ligands and other commonly used non-boryl ligands in order to search for a more active catalyst than the ruthenium dihydride complex Ru(PNP)(CO)H2 for the hydrogenation of CO2. The theoretical calculation results show that only the B ligands exhibit a stronger trans influence than the hydride ligand and are along increasing order of trans influence as follows: –H < –BBr2 < –BCl2 ≈ –B(OCH)2 < –Bcat < –B(OCH2)2 ≈ –B(OH)2 < –Bpin < –B(NHCH2)2 < –B(OCH3)2 < –B(CH3)2 < –BH2. The computed activation free energy for the direct hydride addition to CO2 and the NBO analysis of the property of the Ru–H bond indicate that the activity of the hydride can be enhanced by the strong trans influence of the B ligands through the change in the Ru–H bond property. The function of the strong trans influence of B ligands is to decrease the d orbital component of Ru in the Ru–H bond. The design of a more active catalyst than the Ru(PNP)(CO)H2 complex is possible.
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42
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Kumar A, Daw P, Milstein D. Homogeneous Catalysis for Sustainable Energy: Hydrogen and Methanol Economies, Fuels from Biomass, and Related Topics. Chem Rev 2021; 122:385-441. [PMID: 34727501 PMCID: PMC8759071 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
As the world pledges
to significantly cut carbon emissions, the
demand for sustainable and clean energy has now become more important
than ever. This includes both production and storage of energy carriers,
a majority of which involve catalytic reactions. This article reviews
recent developments of homogeneous catalysts in emerging applications
of sustainable energy. The most important focus has been on hydrogen
storage as several efficient homogeneous catalysts have been reported
recently for (de)hydrogenative transformations promising to the hydrogen
economy. Another direction that has been extensively covered in this
review is that of the methanol economy. Homogeneous catalysts investigated
for the production of methanol from CO2, CO, and HCOOH
have been discussed in detail. Moreover, catalytic processes for the
production of conventional fuels (higher alkanes such as diesel, wax)
from biomass or lower alkanes have also been discussed. A section
has also been dedicated to the production of ethylene glycol from
CO and H2 using homogeneous catalysts. Well-defined transition
metal complexes, in particular, pincer complexes, have been discussed
in more detail due to their high activity and well-studied mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, Fife, U.K., KY16 9ST
| | - Prosenjit Daw
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Berhampur, Govt. ITI (transit Campus), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - David Milstein
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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43
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Buil ML, Cabeza JA, Esteruelas MA, Izquierdo S, Laglera-Gándara CJ, Nicasio AI, Oñate E. Alternative Conceptual Approach to the Design of Bifunctional Catalysts: An Osmium Germylene System for the Dehydrogenation of Formic Acid. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:16860-16870. [PMID: 34657436 PMCID: PMC8564761 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The reaction of the hexahydride OsH6(PiPr3)2 with a P,Ge,P-germylene-diphosphine
affords
an osmium tetrahydride derivative bearing a Ge,P-chelate, which arises
from the hydrogenolysis of a P–C(sp3) bond. This
Os(IV)–Ge(II) compound is a pioneering example of a bifunctional
catalyst based on the coordination of a σ-donor acid, which
is active in the dehydrogenation of formic acid to H2 and CO2. The kinetics
of the dehydrogenation, the characterization of the resting state
of the catalysis, and DFT calculations point out that the hydrogen
formation (the fast stage) exclusively occurs on the coordination
sphere of the basic metal center, whereas both the metal center and
the σ-donor Lewis acid cooperatively participate in the CO2 release (the rate-determining step). During the process,
the formate group pivots around the germanium to approach its hydrogen
atom to the osmium center, which allows its transfer to the metal
and the CO2 release. An alternative
class of bifunctional catalysts can be assembled
by coordination of σ-donor Lewis acids to platinum-group-metal
basic fragments. In contrast to what happens with the previously reported
bifunctional catalysts, this design allows enhancing the basicity
of the base and the acidity of the acid. According to this, a bifunctional
catalyst for the dehydrogenation of formic acid, based on an osmium(IV)-germylene
cooperative system, has been prepared and the mechanism of the catalysis
established.
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Affiliation(s)
- María L Buil
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Javier A Cabeza
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Miguel A Esteruelas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Susana Izquierdo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carlos J Laglera-Gándara
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Antonio I Nicasio
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Enrique Oñate
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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44
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Avasare VD. Ascendancy of Nitrogen Heterocycles in the Computationally Designed Mn(I)PNN Pincer Catalysts on the Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol. Inorg Chem 2021; 61:1851-1868. [PMID: 34714058 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The development of sustainable catalysts to get methanol from CO2 under milder conditions and without any additives is still considered an arduous task. In many instances, transition-metal-catalyzed carbon dioxide to formic acid formation is more facile than methanol formation. This article provides comprehensive density functional theoretic investigations of six new Mn(I)PNN complexes, which are designed to perform CO2 to methanol conversion under milder reaction conditions. All these six catalysts have similar structural features except at terminal nitrogen, -N (1), where adenine-inspired nitrogen heterocycles containing pyridine and pyrimidine moieties are attached to instill an electron withdrawing effect on the central metal and thus to facilitate dihydrogen polarization during the catalyst regeneration. All these computationally modeled Mn(I)PNN complexes demonstrate the promising catalytic activity to get methanol through cascade catalytic cycles at 298.15 K. The metal-ligand cooperative (MLC) as well as noncooperative (NC) pathways are investigated for each catalytic cycle. The NC pathway is the preferred pathway for formic acid and formaldehyde formation, whereas methanol formation proceeds through only the MLC pathway. Different nitrogen heterocycles attached to the -N (1) terminal manifested a considerable amount of impact on the Gibbs free energies, overall activation energies, and computed turnover frequencies (TOFs). Among all the catalysts, SPCAT02 provides excellent TOFs for HCO2H (500 151 h-1), HCHO (11 912 h-1), and CH3OH (2 372 400 h-1) formation at 50 °C. SPCAT04 is found to be a better catalyst for the selective formation of formic acid formation at room temperature than the rest of the catalysts. The computed TOF results are found reliable upon comparison with experimentally established catalysts. To establish the structure-activity relationship, the activation strain model and Fukui function calculations are performed on all the catalysts. Both these studies provide complementary results. The present study revealed a very important finding that a more electrophilic metal center could facilitate the CO2 hydrogenation reaction robustly. All computationally designed catalysts could be cheaper and better alternatives to convert CO2 to methanol under mild reaction conditions in an aqueous medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya D Avasare
- Department of Chemistry, Sir Parashurambhau College, Tilak Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411030, India
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45
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Alberico E, Leischner T, Junge H, Kammer A, Sang R, Seifert J, Baumann W, Spannenberg A, Junge K, Beller M. HCOOH disproportionation to MeOH promoted by molybdenum PNP complexes. Chem Sci 2021; 12:13101-13119. [PMID: 34745541 PMCID: PMC8513996 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04181a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Molybdenum(0) complexes with aliphatic aminophosphine pincer ligands have been prepared which are competent for the disproportionation of formic acid, thus representing the first example so far reported of non-noble metal species to catalytically promote such transformation. In general, formic acid disproportionation allows for an alternative access to methyl formate and methanol from renewable resources. MeOH selectivity up to 30% with a TON of 57 could be achieved while operating at atmospheric pressure. Selectivity (37%) and catalyst performance (TON = 69) could be further enhanced when the reaction was performed under hydrogen pressure (60 bars). A plausible mechanism based on experimental evidence is proposed. Mo(0) complexes with aliphatic PNP-pincer ligands enable the first example of non-noble metal catalyzed formic acid disproportionation leading to methanol with a selectivity of up to 37% and a turnover number up to 69.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Alberico
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. Albert-Einstein Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany .,Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche tr. La Crucca 3 07100 Sassari Italy
| | - Thomas Leischner
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. Albert-Einstein Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Henrik Junge
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. Albert-Einstein Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Anja Kammer
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. Albert-Einstein Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Rui Sang
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. Albert-Einstein Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Jenny Seifert
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. Albert-Einstein Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumann
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. Albert-Einstein Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Anke Spannenberg
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. Albert-Einstein Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Kathrin Junge
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. Albert-Einstein Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Matthias Beller
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. Albert-Einstein Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
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46
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Tsai H, Lien W, Liao C, Chen Y, Huang S, Chou F, Chang C, Yu JK, Kao Y, Wu T. Efficient and Reversible Catalysis of Formic Acid‐Carbon Dioxide Cycle Using Carbamate‐Substituted Ruthenium‐Dithiolate Complexes. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202100730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui‐Min Tsai
- Department of Biological Science and Technology National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University 75, Po-Ai Street Hsin-Chu, Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Wan‐Hsiang Lien
- Department of Biological Science and Technology National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University 75, Po-Ai Street Hsin-Chu, Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Chi‐Hsuan Liao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University 75, Po-Ai Street Hsin-Chu, Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Yi‐Ting Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University 75, Po-Ai Street Hsin-Chu, Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Sheng‐Cih Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University 75, Po-Ai Street Hsin-Chu, Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Feng‐Pai Chou
- Department of Biological Science and Technology National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University 75, Po-Ai Street Hsin-Chu, Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Chin‐Yuan Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University 75, Po-Ai Street Hsin-Chu, Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Jen‐Shiang K. Yu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University 75, Po-Ai Street Hsin-Chu, Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Ya‐Ting Kao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University 75, Po-Ai Street Hsin-Chu, Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Tung‐Kung Wu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University 75, Po-Ai Street Hsin-Chu, Taiwan Republic of China
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University 1001, University Rd Hsin-Chu, Taiwan Republic of China
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47
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Bello T, Bresciani A, Nascimento C, Alves R. Thermodynamic analysis of carbon dioxide hydrogenation to formic acid and methanol. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.116731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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48
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Patra S, Deka H, Singh SK. Bis-Imidazole Methane Ligated Ruthenium(II) Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalytic Activity for Hydrogen Production from Formic Acid in Water. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:14275-14285. [PMID: 34461719 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of half sandwich arene-ruthenium complexes [(η6-arene)RuCl(κ2-L)]+ ([Ru]-1-[Ru]-10) containing bis-imidazole methane-based ligands {4,4'-(phenylmethylene)bis(2-ethyl-5-methyl-1H-imidazole)} (L1), {4,4'-((4-methoxyphenyl)methylene)bis(2-ethyl-5-methyl-1H-imidazole)} (L2), {4,4'-((2-methoxyphenyl)methylene)bis(2-ethyl-5-methyl-1H-imidazole)} (L3), {4,4'-((4-chlorophenyl)methylene)bis(2-ethyl-5-methyl-1H-imidazole)} (L4), and {4,4'-((2-chlorophenyl)methylene)bis(2-ethyl-5-methyl-1H-imidazole)} (L5) are synthesized. The synthesized and purified complexes ([Ru]-1-[Ru]-10) are further employed for hydrogen production from formic acid in aqueous medium. Among the investigated complexes, [(η6-p-cymene)RuCl(κ2-L2)]+ [Ru]-2, having Ru(II) coordinated 4-methoxy phenyl substituted bis-imidazole methane ligand (L2), outperformed over others, displaying a higher catalytic turnover of 8830 and high efficiency (TOF = 1545 h-1) with appreciably high long-term stability for formic acid dehydrogenation in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyadip Patra
- Catalysis Group, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Hemanta Deka
- Catalysis Group, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjay K Singh
- Catalysis Group, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
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49
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Sancho-Sanz I, Korili S, Gil A. Catalytic valorization of CO 2 by hydrogenation: current status and future trends. CATALYSIS REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01614940.2021.1968197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Sancho-Sanz
- INAMAT^2, Departamento De Ciencias, Edificio De Los Acebos, Universidad Pública De Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - S.A. Korili
- INAMAT^2, Departamento De Ciencias, Edificio De Los Acebos, Universidad Pública De Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - A. Gil
- INAMAT^2, Departamento De Ciencias, Edificio De Los Acebos, Universidad Pública De Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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50
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Palladium(II) and platinum(II) based S^N^S and Se^N^Se pincer complexes as catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation and N-formylation of diethylamine to diethylformamide. J CO2 UTIL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2021.101606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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