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Chen W, Lynch JNC, Bustamante C, Zhang Y, Wong LL. Selective Oxidation of Vitamin D 3 Enhanced by Long-Range Effects of a Substrate Channel Mutation in Cytochrome P450 BM3 (CYP102A1). Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401487. [PMID: 38963680 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency affects nearly half the population, with many requiring or opting for supplements with vitamin D3 (VD3), the precursor of vitamin D (1α,25-dihydroxyVD3). 25-HydroxyVD3, the circulating form of vitamin D, is a more effective supplement than VD3 but its synthesis is complex. We report here the engineering of cytochrome P450BM3 (CYP102A1) for the selective oxidation of VD3 to 25-hydroxyVD3. Long-range effects of the substrate-channel mutation Glu435Ile promoted binding of the VD3 side chain close to the heme, enhancing VD3 oxidation activity that reached 6.62 g of 25-hydroxyVD3 isolated from a 1-litre scale reaction (69.1 % yield; space-time-yield 331 mg/L/h).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
- Oxford Suzhou Centre for Advanced Research, Ruo Shui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Jiangsu, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Jamie N C Lynch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Claudia Bustamante
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
- Oxford Suzhou Centre for Advanced Research, Ruo Shui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Jiangsu, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Luet L Wong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
- Oxford Suzhou Centre for Advanced Research, Ruo Shui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Jiangsu, 215123, P.R. China
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2
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Shen Q, Yan J, Han Y, Zhang Z, Li H, Kong D, Shi J, Cui C, Zhang W. Peroxygenase-Enabled Reductive Kinetic Resolution for the Enantioenrichment of Organoperoxides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401590. [PMID: 38477082 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Enantiomerically pure organoperoxides serve as valuable precursors in organic transformations. Herein, we present the first examples of unspecific peroxygenase catalyzed kinetic resolution of racemic organoperoxides through asymmetric reduction. Through meticulous investigation of the reaction conditions, it is shown that the unspecific peroxygenase from Agrocybe aegerita (AaeUPO) exhibits robust catalytic activity in the kinetic resolution reactions of the model substrate with turnover numbers up to 60000 and turnover frequency of 5.6 s-1. Various aralkyl organoperoxides were successfully resolved by AaeUPO, achieving excellent enantioselectivities (e.g., up to 99 % ee for the (S)-organoperoxide products). Additionally, we screened commercial peroxygenase variants to obtain the organoperoxides with complementary chirality, with one mutant yielding the (R)-products. While unspecific peroxygenases have been extensively demonstrated as a powerful oxidative catalysts, this study highlights their usefulness in catalyzing the reduction of organoperoxides and providing versatile chiral synthons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Shen
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-carbon Manufacturing Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin, 300308, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Juzhang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-carbon Manufacturing Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Yuchen Han
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-carbon Manufacturing Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Zaoxiao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Huanhuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-carbon Manufacturing Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Dulin Kong
- School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, Hainan, China
| | - Jianjun Shi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, Hainan, China
| | - Chengsen Cui
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-carbon Manufacturing Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Wuyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-carbon Manufacturing Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin, 300308, China
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3
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Wohlgemuth R. Synthesis of Metabolites and Metabolite-like Compounds Using Biocatalytic Systems. Metabolites 2023; 13:1097. [PMID: 37887422 PMCID: PMC10608848 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13101097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Methodologies for the synthesis and purification of metabolites, which have been developed following their discovery, analysis, and structural identification, have been involved in numerous life science milestones. The renewed focus on the small molecule domain of biological cells has also created an increasing awareness of the rising gap between the metabolites identified and the metabolites which have been prepared as pure compounds. The design and engineering of resource-efficient and straightforward synthetic methodologies for the production of the diverse and numerous metabolites and metabolite-like compounds have attracted much interest. The variety of metabolic pathways in biological cells provides a wonderful blueprint for designing simplified and resource-efficient synthetic routes to desired metabolites. Therefore, biocatalytic systems have become key enabling tools for the synthesis of an increasing number of metabolites, which can then be utilized as standards, enzyme substrates, inhibitors, or other products, or for the discovery of novel biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Wohlgemuth
- MITR, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego Street 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
- Swiss Coordination Committee Biotechnology (SKB), 8021 Zurich, Switzerland
- European Society of Applied Biocatalysis (ESAB), 1000 Brussels, Belgium
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Charlton SN, Hayes MA. Oxygenating Biocatalysts for Hydroxyl Functionalisation in Drug Discovery and Development. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200115. [PMID: 35385205 PMCID: PMC9323455 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
C-H oxyfunctionalisation remains a distinct challenge for synthetic organic chemists. Oxygenases and peroxygenases (grouped here as "oxygenating biocatalysts") catalyse the oxidation of a substrate with molecular oxygen or hydrogen peroxide as oxidant. The application of oxygenating biocatalysts in organic synthesis has dramatically increased over the last decade, producing complex compounds with potential uses in the pharmaceutical industry. This review will focus on hydroxyl functionalisation using oxygenating biocatalysts as a tool for drug discovery and development. Established oxygenating biocatalysts, such as cytochrome P450s and flavin-dependent monooxygenases, have widely been adopted for this purpose, but can suffer from low activity, instability or limited substrate scope. Therefore, emerging oxygenating biocatalysts which offer an alternative will also be covered, as well as considering the ways in which these hydroxylation biotransformations can be applied in drug discovery and development, such as late-stage functionalisation (LSF) and in biocatalytic cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sacha N. Charlton
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Bristol, Cantock's CloseBristolBS8 1TSUK
| | - Martin A. Hayes
- Compound Synthesis and ManagementDiscovery SciencesBiopharmaceuticals R&DAstraZenecaGothenburgSweden
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Li Y, Zhang P, Sun Z, Li H, Ge R, Sheng X, Zhang W. Peroxygenase-Catalyzed Selective Synthesis of Calcitriol Starting from Alfacalcidol. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061044. [PMID: 35739941 PMCID: PMC9220053 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcitriol is an active analog of vitamin D3 and has excellent physiological activities in regulating healthy immune function. To synthesize the calcitriol compound, the concept of total synthesis is often adopted, which typically involves multiple steps and results in an overall low yield. Herein, we envisioned an enzymatic approach for the synthesis of calcitriol. Peroxygenase from Agrocybe aegerita (AaeUPO) was used as a catalyst to hydroxylate the C-H bond at the C-25 position of alfacalcidol and yielded the calcitriol in a single step. The enzymatic reaction yielded 80.3% product formation in excellent selectivity, with a turnover number up to 4000. In a semi-preparative scale synthesis, 72% isolated yield was obtained. It was also found that AaeUPO is capable of hydroxylating the C-H bond at the C-1 position of vitamin D3, thereby enabling the calcitriol synthesis directly from vitamin D3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanying Li
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; (Y.L.); (P.Z.); (Z.S.); (H.L.); (R.G.); (X.S.)
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Pengpeng Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; (Y.L.); (P.Z.); (Z.S.); (H.L.); (R.G.); (X.S.)
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Zhoutong Sun
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; (Y.L.); (P.Z.); (Z.S.); (H.L.); (R.G.); (X.S.)
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Huanhuan Li
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; (Y.L.); (P.Z.); (Z.S.); (H.L.); (R.G.); (X.S.)
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710000, China
| | - Ran Ge
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; (Y.L.); (P.Z.); (Z.S.); (H.L.); (R.G.); (X.S.)
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Xiang Sheng
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; (Y.L.); (P.Z.); (Z.S.); (H.L.); (R.G.); (X.S.)
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Wuyuan Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; (Y.L.); (P.Z.); (Z.S.); (H.L.); (R.G.); (X.S.)
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-22-8486-6462
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6
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Enzymatic Epoxidation of Long-Chain Terminal Alkenes by Fungal Peroxygenases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030522. [PMID: 35326172 PMCID: PMC8944640 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Terminal alkenes are among the most attractive starting materials for the synthesis of epoxides, which are essential and versatile intermediate building blocks for the pharmaceutical, flavoring, and polymer industries. Previous research on alkene epoxidation has focused on the use of several oxidizing agents and/or different enzymes, including cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, as well as microbial whole-cell catalysts that have several drawbacks. Alternatively, we explored the ability of unspecific peroxygenases (UPOs) to selectively epoxidize terminal alkenes. UPOs are attractive biocatalysts because they are robust extracellular enzymes and only require H2O2 as cosubstrate. Here, we show how several UPOs, such as those from Cyclocybe (Agrocybe) aegerita (AaeUPO), Marasmius rotula (MroUPO), Coprinopsis cinerea (rCciUPO), Humicola insolens (rHinUPO), and Daldinia caldariorum (rDcaUPO), are able to catalyze the epoxidation of long-chain terminal alkenes (from C12:1 to C20:1) after an initial optimization of several reaction parameters (cosolvent, cosubstrate, and pH). In addition to terminal epoxides, alkenols and other hydroxylated derivatives of the alkenes were formed. Although all UPOs were able to convert and epoxidize the alkenes, notable differences were observed between them, with rCciUPO being responsible for the highest substrate turnover and MroUPO being the most selective with respect to terminal epoxidation. The potential of peroxygenases for epoxidizing long-chain terminal alkenes represents an interesting and green alternative to the existing synthesis technologies.
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Biocatalytic Syntheses of Antiplatelet Metabolites of the Thienopyridines Clopidogrel and Prasugrel Using Fungal Peroxygenases. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7090752. [PMID: 34575790 PMCID: PMC8470877 DOI: 10.3390/jof7090752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Antithrombotic thienopyridines, such as clopidogrel and prasugrel, are prodrugs that undergo a metabolic two-step bioactivation for their pharmacological efficacy. In the first step, a thiolactone is formed, which is then converted by cytochrome P450-dependent oxidation via sulfenic acids to the active thiol metabolites. These metabolites are the active compounds that inhibit the platelet P2Y12 receptor and thereby prevent atherothrombotic events. Thus far, described biocatalytic and chemical synthesis approaches to obtain active thienopyridine metabolites are rather complex and suffer from low yields. In the present study, several unspecific peroxygenases (UPOs, EC 1.11.2.1) known to efficiently mimic P450 reactions in vitro—but requiring only hydroperoxide as oxidant—were tested for biocatalytic one-pot syntheses. In the course of the reaction optimization, various parameters such as pH and reductant, as well as organic solvent and amount were varied. The best results for the conversion of 1 mM thienopyridine were achieved using 2 U mL−1 of a UPO from agaric fungus Marasmius rotula (MroUPO) in a phosphate-buffered system (pH 7) containing 5 mM ascorbate, 2 mM h−1 H2O2 and 20% acetone. The preparation of the active metabolite of clopidogrel was successful via a two-step oxidation with an overall yield of 25%. In the case of prasugrel, a cascade of porcine liver esterase (PLE) and MroUPO was applied, resulting in a yield of 44%. The two metabolites were isolated with high purity, and their structures were confirmed by MS and MS2 spectrometry as well as NMR spectroscopy. The findings broaden the scope of UPO applications again and demonstrate that they can be effectively used for the selective synthesis of metabolites and late-state diversification of organic molecules, circumventing complex multistage chemical syntheses and providing sufficient material for structural elucidation, reference material, or cellular assays.
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Münch
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle, Saale, Germany
| | - Pascal Püllmann
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle, Saale, Germany
| | - Wuyuan Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West seventh Avenue, Tianjin 300308, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, 32 West seventh Avenue, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Martin J. Weissenborn
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle, Saale, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry, MartinLuther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 2, 06120, Halle, Saale, Germany
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9
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Kinner A, Rosenthal K, Lütz S. Identification and Expression of New Unspecific Peroxygenases - Recent Advances, Challenges and Opportunities. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:705630. [PMID: 34307325 PMCID: PMC8293615 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.705630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2004, the fungal heme-thiolate enzyme subfamily of unspecific peroxygenases (UPOs) was first described in the basidiomycete Agrocybe aegerita. As UPOs naturally catalyze a broad range of oxidative transformations by using hydrogen peroxide as electron acceptor and thus possess a great application potential, they have been extensively studied in recent years. However, despite their versatility to catalyze challenging selective oxyfunctionalizations, the availability of UPOs for potential biotechnological applications is restricted. Particularly limiting are the identification of novel natural biocatalysts, their production, and the description of their properties. It is hence of great interest to further characterize the enzyme subfamily as well as to identify promising new candidates. Therefore, this review provides an overview of the state of the art in identification, expression, and screening approaches of fungal UPOs, challenges associated with current protein production and screening strategies, as well as potential solutions and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Kinner
- Chair for Bioprocess Engineering, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Katrin Rosenthal
- Chair for Bioprocess Engineering, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stephan Lütz
- Chair for Bioprocess Engineering, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
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10
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Advances in enzymatic oxyfunctionalization of aliphatic compounds. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 51:107703. [PMID: 33545329 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Selective oxyfunctionalizations of aliphatic compounds are difficult chemical reactions, where enzymes can play an important role due to their stereo- and regio-selectivity and operation under mild reaction conditions. P450 monooxygenases are well-known biocatalysts that mediate oxyfunctionalization reactions in different living organisms (from bacteria to humans). Unspecific peroxygenases (UPOs), discovered in fungi, have arisen as "dream biocatalysts" of great biotechnological interest because they catalyze the oxyfunctionalization of aliphatic and aromatic compounds, avoiding the necessity of expensive cofactors and regeneration systems, and only depending on H2O2 for their catalysis. Here, we summarize recent advances in aliphatic oxyfunctionalization reactions by UPOs, as well as the molecular determinants of the enzyme structures responsible for their activities, emphasizing the differences found between well-known P450s and the novel fungal peroxygenases.
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11
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Municoy M, González-Benjumea A, Carro J, Aranda C, Linde D, Renau-Mínguez C, Ullrich R, Hofrichter M, Guallar V, Gutiérrez A, Martínez AT. Fatty-Acid Oxygenation by Fungal Peroxygenases: From Computational Simulations to Preparative Regio- and Stereoselective Epoxidation. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martí Municoy
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Jordi Girona 29, Barcelona E-08034, Spain
| | | | - Juan Carro
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, Madrid E-28040, Spain
| | - Carmen Aranda
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, CSIC, Reina Mercedes 10, Seville E-41012, Spain
| | - Dolores Linde
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, Madrid E-28040, Spain
| | - Chantal Renau-Mínguez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, Madrid E-28040, Spain
| | - René Ullrich
- Technische Universität Dresden, International Institute Zittau, Markt 23, Zittau D-02763, Germany
| | - Martin Hofrichter
- Technische Universität Dresden, International Institute Zittau, Markt 23, Zittau D-02763, Germany
| | - Victor Guallar
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Jordi Girona 29, Barcelona E-08034, Spain
- ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona E-08010, Spain
| | - Ana Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, CSIC, Reina Mercedes 10, Seville E-41012, Spain
| | - Angel T. Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, Madrid E-28040, Spain
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12
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Babot ED, Aranda C, Del Rı O JC, Ullrich R, Kiebist J, Scheibner K, Hofrichter M, Martı Nez AT, Gutiérrez A. Selective Oxygenation of Ionones and Damascones by Fungal Peroxygenases. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:5375-5383. [PMID: 32292026 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Apocarotenoids are among the most highly valued fragrance constituents, being also appreciated as synthetic building blocks. This work shows the ability of unspecific peroxygenases (UPOs, EC1.11.2.1) from several fungi, some of them being described recently, to catalyze the oxyfunctionalization of α- and β-ionones and α- and β-damascones. Enzymatic reactions yielded oxygenated products such as hydroxy, oxo, carboxy, and epoxy derivatives that are interesting compounds for the flavor and fragrance and pharmaceutical industries. Although variable regioselectivity was observed depending on the substrate and enzyme, oxygenation was preferentially produced at the allylic position in the ring, being especially evident in the reaction with α-ionone, forming 3-hydroxy-α-ionone and/or 3-oxo-α-ionone. Noteworthy were the reactions with damascones, in the course of which some UPOs oxygenated the terminal position of the side chain, forming oxygenated derivatives (i.e., the corresponding alcohol, aldehyde, and carboxylic acid) at C-10, which were predominant in the Agrocybe aegerita UPO reactions, and first reported here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban D Babot
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologı́a de Sevilla, CSIC, Av. Reina Mercedes 10, E-41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Carmen Aranda
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologı́a de Sevilla, CSIC, Av. Reina Mercedes 10, E-41012 Seville, Spain
| | - José C Del Rı O
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologı́a de Sevilla, CSIC, Av. Reina Mercedes 10, E-41012 Seville, Spain
| | - René Ullrich
- Department of Bio- and Environmental Sciences, TU Dresden, International Institute Zittau, Markt 23, 02763 Zittau, Germany
| | - Jan Kiebist
- JenaBios GmbH, Löbstedter Str. 80, 07749 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Martin Hofrichter
- Department of Bio- and Environmental Sciences, TU Dresden, International Institute Zittau, Markt 23, 02763 Zittau, Germany
| | - Angel T Martı Nez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologı́a de Sevilla, CSIC, Av. Reina Mercedes 10, E-41012 Seville, Spain
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13
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Fungal Peroxygenases: A Phylogenetically Old Superfamily of Heme Enzymes with Promiscuity for Oxygen Transfer Reactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-29541-7_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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15
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Aranda C, Municoy M, Guallar V, Kiebist J, Scheibner K, Ullrich R, del Río JC, Hofrichter M, Martínez AT, Gutiérrez A. Selective synthesis of 4-hydroxyisophorone and 4-ketoisophorone by fungal peroxygenases. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cy02114g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Some fungal peroxygenases (UPOs) selectively oxidize α-isophorone to 4-hydroxyisophorone (4HIP) and 4-ketoisophorone (4KIP) while others are less selective or unable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Aranda
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla
- CSIC
- E-41012 Seville
- Spain
| | | | - Víctor Guallar
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center
- Barcelona
- Spain
- ICREA Passeig Lluís Companys 23
- Barcelona
| | | | | | - René Ullrich
- TU Dresden
- Department of Bio- and Environmental Sciences
- 02763 Zittau
- Germany
| | - José C. del Río
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla
- CSIC
- E-41012 Seville
- Spain
| | - Martin Hofrichter
- TU Dresden
- Department of Bio- and Environmental Sciences
- 02763 Zittau
- Germany
| | | | - Ana Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla
- CSIC
- E-41012 Seville
- Spain
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16
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Aranda C, Ullrich R, Kiebist J, Scheibner K, del Río JC, Hofrichter M, Martínez AT, Gutiérrez A. Selective synthesis of the resveratrol analogue 4,4′-dihydroxy-trans-stilbene and stilbenoids modification by fungal peroxygenases. Catal Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cy00272j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Different unspecific peroxygenases (UPOs) catalyze the hydroxylation or epoxidation of trans-stilbene and other stilbenoids yielding resveratrol analogs and other compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Aranda
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla
- CSIC
- E-41012 Seville
- Spain
| | - René Ullrich
- Department of Bio- and Environmental Sciences
- TU Dresden
- 02763 Zittau
- Germany
| | | | | | - José C. del Río
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla
- CSIC
- E-41012 Seville
- Spain
| | - Martin Hofrichter
- Department of Bio- and Environmental Sciences
- TU Dresden
- 02763 Zittau
- Germany
| | | | - Ana Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla
- CSIC
- E-41012 Seville
- Spain
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17
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Martínez AT, Ruiz-Dueñas FJ, Camarero S, Serrano A, Linde D, Lund H, Vind J, Tovborg M, Herold-Majumdar OM, Hofrichter M, Liers C, Ullrich R, Scheibner K, Sannia G, Piscitelli A, Pezzella C, Sener ME, Kılıç S, van Berkel WJ, Guallar V, Lucas MF, Zuhse R, Ludwig R, Hollmann F, Fernández-Fueyo E, Record E, Faulds CB, Tortajada M, Winckelmann I, Rasmussen JA, Gelo-Pujic M, Gutiérrez A, del Río JC, Rencoret J, Alcalde M. Oxidoreductases on their way to industrial biotransformations. Biotechnol Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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18
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Kiebist J, Schmidtke K, Zimmermann J, Kellner H, Jehmlich N, Ullrich R, Zänder D, Hofrichter M, Scheibner K. A Peroxygenase from Chaetomium globosum Catalyzes the Selective Oxygenation of Testosterone. Chembiochem 2017; 18:563-569. [PMID: 28103392 PMCID: PMC5363369 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Unspecific peroxygenases (UPO, EC 1.11.2.1) secreted by fungi open an efficient way to selectively oxyfunctionalize diverse organic substrates, including less-activated hydrocarbons, by transferring peroxide-borne oxygen. We investigated a cell-free approach to incorporate epoxy and hydroxyl functionalities directly into the bulky molecule testosterone by a novel unspecific peroxygenase (UPO) that is produced by the ascomycetous fungus Chaetomium globosum in a complex medium rich in carbon and nitrogen. Purification by fast protein liquid chromatography revealed two enzyme fractions with the same molecular mass (36 kDa) and with specific activity of 4.4 to 12 U mg-1 . Although the well-known UPOs of Agrocybe aegerita (AaeUPO) and Marasmius rotula (MroUPO) failed to convert testosterone in a comparative study, the UPO of C. globosum (CglUPO) accepted testosterone as substrate and converted it with total turnover number (TTN) of up to 7000 into two oxygenated products: the 4,5-epoxide of testosterone in β-configuration and 16α-hydroxytestosterone. The reaction performed on a 100 mg scale resulted in the formation of about 90 % of the epoxide and 10 % of the hydroxylation product, both of which could be isolated with purities above 96 %. Thus, CglUPO is a promising biocatalyst for the oxyfunctionalization of bulky steroids and it will be a useful tool for the synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant steroidal molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kiebist
- Faculty of Environment and Natural SciencesBrandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-SenftenbergUniversitätsplatz 101968SenftenbergGermany
| | - Kai‐Uwe Schmidtke
- Faculty of Environment and Natural SciencesBrandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-SenftenbergUniversitätsplatz 101968SenftenbergGermany
| | - Jörg Zimmermann
- Faculty of Environment and Natural SciencesBrandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-SenftenbergUniversitätsplatz 101968SenftenbergGermany
| | - Harald Kellner
- Department of Bio- and Environmental SciencesTU DresdenInternational Institute ZittauMarkt 2302763ZittauGermany
| | - Nico Jehmlich
- Department of Molecular Systems BiologyHelmholtz-Centre for Environmental ResearchUFZPermoserstrasse 1504318LeipzigGermany
| | - René Ullrich
- Department of Bio- and Environmental SciencesTU DresdenInternational Institute ZittauMarkt 2302763ZittauGermany
| | | | - Martin Hofrichter
- Department of Bio- and Environmental SciencesTU DresdenInternational Institute ZittauMarkt 2302763ZittauGermany
| | - Katrin Scheibner
- Faculty of Environment and Natural SciencesBrandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-SenftenbergUniversitätsplatz 101968SenftenbergGermany
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19
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Olmedo A, Aranda C, del Río JC, Kiebist J, Scheibner K, Martínez AT, Gutiérrez A. From Alkanes to Carboxylic Acids: Terminal Oxygenation by a Fungal Peroxygenase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201605430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Olmedo
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla; CSIC; Reina Mercedes 10 41012 Seville Spain
| | - Carmen Aranda
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla; CSIC; Reina Mercedes 10 41012 Seville Spain
| | - José C. del Río
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla; CSIC; Reina Mercedes 10 41012 Seville Spain
| | | | | | - Angel T. Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas; CSIC; Ramiro de Maeztu 9 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Ana Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla; CSIC; Reina Mercedes 10 41012 Seville Spain
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20
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Olmedo A, Aranda C, del Río JC, Kiebist J, Scheibner K, Martínez AT, Gutiérrez A. From Alkanes to Carboxylic Acids: Terminal Oxygenation by a Fungal Peroxygenase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:12248-51. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201605430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Olmedo
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla; CSIC; Reina Mercedes 10 41012 Seville Spain
| | - Carmen Aranda
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla; CSIC; Reina Mercedes 10 41012 Seville Spain
| | - José C. del Río
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla; CSIC; Reina Mercedes 10 41012 Seville Spain
| | | | | | - Angel T. Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas; CSIC; Ramiro de Maeztu 9 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Ana Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla; CSIC; Reina Mercedes 10 41012 Seville Spain
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21
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Lucas F, Babot ED, Cañellas M, del Río JC, Kalum L, Ullrich R, Hofrichter M, Guallar V, Martínez AT, Gutiérrez A. Molecular determinants for selective C25-hydroxylation of vitamins D2and D3by fungal peroxygenases. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cy00427f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Regioselective hydroxylation of vitamin D byAgrocybe aegeritaandCoprinopsis cinereaperoxygenases was investigated in an experimental and computational study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Lucas
- Joint BSC-CRG-IRB Research Program in Computational Biology
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center
- E-08034 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Esteban D. Babot
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla
- CSIC
- E-41012 Seville
- Spain
| | - Marina Cañellas
- Joint BSC-CRG-IRB Research Program in Computational Biology
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center
- E-08034 Barcelona
- Spain
- Anaxomics Biotech
| | - José C. del Río
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla
- CSIC
- E-41012 Seville
- Spain
| | | | - René Ullrich
- TU Dresden
- Department of Bio- and Environmental Sciences
- 02763 Zittau
- Germany
| | - Martin Hofrichter
- TU Dresden
- Department of Bio- and Environmental Sciences
- 02763 Zittau
- Germany
| | - Victor Guallar
- Joint BSC-CRG-IRB Research Program in Computational Biology
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center
- E-08034 Barcelona
- Spain
- ICREA
| | | | - Ana Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla
- CSIC
- E-41012 Seville
- Spain
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