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Seif-Eddine M, Cobb SJ, Dang Y, Abdiaziz K, Bajada MA, Reisner E, Roessler MM. Operando film-electrochemical EPR spectroscopy tracks radical intermediates in surface-immobilized catalysts. Nat Chem 2024; 16:1015-1023. [PMID: 38355827 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01450-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The development of surface-immobilized molecular redox catalysts is an emerging research field with promising applications in sustainable chemistry. In electrocatalysis, paramagnetic species are often key intermediates in the mechanistic cycle but are inherently difficult to detect and follow by conventional in situ techniques. We report a new method, operando film-electrochemical electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (FE-EPR), which enables mechanistic studies of surface-immobilized electrocatalysts. This technique enables radicals formed during redox reactions to be followed in real time under flow conditions, at room temperature and in aqueous solution. Detailed insight into surface-immobilized catalysts, as exemplified here through alcohol oxidation catalysis by a surface-immobilized nitroxide, is possible by detecting active-site paramagnetic species sensitively and quantitatively operando, thereby enabling resolution of the reaction kinetics. Our finding that the surface electron-transfer rate, which is of the same order of magnitude as the rate of catalysis (accessible from operando FE-EPR), limits catalytic efficiency has implications for the future design of better surface-immobilized catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Seif-Eddine
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Samuel J Cobb
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yunfei Dang
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kaltum Abdiaziz
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Mark A Bajada
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maxie M Roessler
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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2
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Marchini E, Caramori S, Carli S. Metal Complexes for Dye-Sensitized Photoelectrochemical Cells (DSPECs). Molecules 2024; 29:293. [PMID: 38257206 PMCID: PMC10818894 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Since Mallouk's earliest contribution, dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells (DSPECs) have emerged as a promising class of photoelectrochemical devices capable of storing solar light into chemical bonds. This review primarily focuses on metal complexes outlining stabilization strategies and applications. The ubiquity and safety of water have made its splitting an extensively studied reaction; here, we present some examples from the outset to recent advancements. Additionally, alternative oxidative pathways like HX splitting and organic reactions mediated by a redox shuttle are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Marchini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Stefano Caramori
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Stefano Carli
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
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3
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Abstract
Homogeneous electrocatalysis has been well studied over the past several decades for the conversion of small molecules to useful products for green energy applications or as chemical feedstocks. However, in order for these catalyst systems to be used in industrial applications, their activity and stability must be improved. In naturally occurring enzymes, redox equivalents (electrons, often in a concerted manner with protons) are delivered to enzyme active sites by small molecules known as redox mediators (RMs). Inspired by this, co-electrocatalytic systems with homogeneous catalysts and RMs have been developed for the conversion of alcohols, nitrogen, unsaturated organic substrates, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. In these systems, the RMs have been shown to both increase the activity of the catalyst and shift selectivity to more desired products by altering catalytic cycles and/or avoiding high-energy intermediates. However, the area is currently underdeveloped and requires additional fundamental advancements in order to become a more general strategy. Here, we summarize the recent examples of homogeneous co-electrocatalysis and discuss possible future directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia G Reid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, United States
| | - Charles W Machan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, United States
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Romanovs V, Sidorkin V, Doronina E, Jouikov V. Efficient covalent capping of carbon and gold with TEMPO for catalysis and spin writing. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:10520-10523. [PMID: 36043684 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01520j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Covalent immobilization of TEMPO at carbon and gold via an aliphatic -(CH2)6- linker was achieved via cathodic grafting of a diamagnetic precursor, tetramethylpiperidine, with subsequent >NH to >NO oxidation to give TEMPO-capped paramagnetic interfaces (ΓTEMPO = 5.2 × 10-10 mol cm-2); catalytic and spin switching potential of the thus prepared systems was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valery Sidorkin
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia.
| | - Evgeniya Doronina
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia.
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5
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Silver Nanoparticles Densely Grafted with Nitroxides as a Recyclable Green Catalyst in the Selective Oxidation of Alcohols. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12152542. [PMID: 35893509 PMCID: PMC9330881 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The selective oxidation of alcohols, leading to appropriate aldehydes, is widely recognised as one of the most important reactions in organic synthesis. With ever-increasing environmental concerns, much attention has been directed toward developing catalytic protocols that use molecular oxygen as an oxidant. An ideal green oxidation process should employ a highly active, selective and recyclable catalyst that can work with oxygen under mild conditions. This paper presents a successful application of densely grafted silver nanostructures with stable nitroxide radicals (N-AgNPs) as an effective, easily-recovered and regenerable catalyst for the selective oxidation of alcohols. The fabricated ultra-small and narrow dispersive silver nanoparticles have been fully characterised using physicochemical methods (TEM, DLS, XPS, TGA). N-AgNPs have been successfully applied to oxidise several model alcohols: benzyl alcohol, 4-pyridinemethanol, furfuryl alcohol, 1-phenyl ethanol, n-heptanol and allyl alcohol under mild conditions using oxygen as a stoichiometric oxidant. Notably, the fabricated nitroxide grafted silver nanoparticles (N-AgNPs) were reused more than ten times in the oxidation of a series of primary alcohols to corresponding aldehydes under mild conditions with very high yields and a selectivity close to 100%.
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6
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Shaikh SKJ, KAMBLE RAVINDRA, Bayannavar PK, Kariduraganavar MY. Benzils: A Review on their Synthesis. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - RAVINDRA KAMBLE
- Karnatak University, Dharwad-580003 CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRYKARNATAK UNIVERSITYPAVATE NAGAR 580003 DHARWAD INDIA
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7
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Guschakowski M, Schröder U. Direct and Indirect Electrooxidation of Glycerol to Value-Added Products. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:5216-5225. [PMID: 33945223 PMCID: PMC9290622 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work, different approaches for the direct and indirect electrooxidation of glycerol, a by-product of oleochemistry and biodiesel production, for the synthesis of value-added products and of intermediates for biofuel/electrofuel production, were investigated and compared. For the direct electrooxidation, metallic catalysts were used, whose surfaces were modified by promoters or second catalysts. Bi-modified Pt electrodes (Ptx Biy /C) served as model systems for promoter-supported electrocatalysis, whereas IrO2 -modified RuO2 electrodes were studied as catalyst combinations, which were compared under acidic conditions with the respective monometallic catalysts (Pt/C, RuO2 /Ti, IrO2 /Ti). Furthermore, inorganic halide mediators (chloride, bromide, iodide) and organic nitroxyl mediators (4-oxo-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-1-oxyl and 4-acetamido-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-1-oxyl) were evaluated for indirect electrooxidation. These different approaches were discussed regarding selectivity, conversion, and coulombic efficiency of the electrochemical glycerol oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Guschakowski
- Institute of Environmental and Sustainable ChemistryTechnische Universität BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
- Cluster of Excellence SE2A – Sustainable and Energy-Efficient AviationTechnische Universität BraunschweigGermany
| | - Uwe Schröder
- Institute of Environmental and Sustainable ChemistryTechnische Universität BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
- Cluster of Excellence SE2A – Sustainable and Energy-Efficient AviationTechnische Universität BraunschweigGermany
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8
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Ciriminna R, Ghahremani M, Karimi B, Pagliaro M. Waste‐free oxidation of alcohols at the surface of catalytic electrodes: What is required for industrial uptake? ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elsa.202100124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mina Ghahremani
- Department of Chemistry Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences Gava Zang Zanjan Iran
| | - Babak Karimi
- Department of Chemistry Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences Gava Zang Zanjan Iran
| | - Mario Pagliaro
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati Palermo Italy
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9
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Preparation of poly(carbazole-TEMPO) electrode and its electrochemical performance. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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10
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Pati PB, Abdellah M, Diring S, Hammarström L, Odobel F. Molecular Triad Containing a TEMPO Catalyst Grafted on Mesoporous Indium Tin Oxide as a Photoelectrocatalytic Anode for Visible Light-Driven Alcohol Oxidation. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:2902-2913. [PMID: 33973386 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical cells based on semiconductors are among the most studied methods of artificial photosynthesis. This study concerns the immobilization, on a mesoporous conducting indium tin oxide electrode (nano-ITO), of a molecular triad (NDADI-P-Ru-TEMPO) composed of a ruthenium tris-bipyridine complex (Ru) as photosensitizer, connected at one end to 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidine N-oxyl (TEMPO) as alcohol oxidation catalyst and at the other end to the electron acceptor naphthalenedicarboxyanhydride dicarboximide (NDADI). Light irradiation of NDADI-P-Ru-TEMPO grafted to nano-ITO in a pH 10 carbonate buffer effects selective oxidation of para-methoxybenzyl alcohol (MeO-BA) to para-methoxybenzaldehyde with a TON of approximately 150 after 1 h of photolysis at a bias of 0.4 V vs. SCE. The faradaic efficiency is found to be of 80±5 %. The photophysical study indicates that photoinduced electron transfer from the Ru complex to NDADI is a slow process and must compete with direct electron injection into ITO to have a better performing system. This work sheds light on some of the important ways to design more efficient molecular systems for the preparation of photoelectrocatalytic cells based on catalyst-dye-acceptor arrays immobilized on conducting electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palas Baran Pati
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Mohamed Abdellah
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratories, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE75120, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Qena Faculty of Science, South Valley University, 83523, Qena, Egypt
| | - Stéphane Diring
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Leif Hammarström
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratories, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fabrice Odobel
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, 44000, Nantes, France
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12
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Yardeni G, Meyerstein D, Kats L, Cohen H, Zilbermann I, Maimon E. On the reactions of methyl radicals with nitrilotris(methylenephosphonic-acid) complexes in aqueous solutions. J COORD CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2019.1698736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guy Yardeni
- Chemistry Department, Nuclear Research Centre Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Dan Meyerstein
- Chemical Sciences Department, The Radical Research Centre and the Schlesinger Family Center for Compact Accelerators, Radiation Sources and Applications, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
- Chemistry Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Lioubov Kats
- Chemistry Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Haim Cohen
- Chemical Sciences Department, The Radical Research Centre and the Schlesinger Family Center for Compact Accelerators, Radiation Sources and Applications, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
- Chemistry Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Israel Zilbermann
- Chemistry Department, Nuclear Research Centre Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Chemistry Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Eric Maimon
- Chemistry Department, Nuclear Research Centre Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Chemistry Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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13
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DiMeglio JL, Breuhaus-Alvarez AG, Li S, Bartlett BM. Nitrate-Mediated Alcohol Oxidation on Cadmium Sulfide Photocatalysts. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b01051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John L. DiMeglio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Andrew G. Breuhaus-Alvarez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Siqi Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Bart M. Bartlett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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14
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Yamada A, Abe M, Nishimura Y, Ishizaka S, Namba M, Nakashima T, Shimoji K, Hattori N. Photochemical generation of the 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) radical from caged nitroxides by near-infrared two-photon irradiation and its cytocidal effect on lung cancer cells. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:863-873. [PMID: 31019579 PMCID: PMC6466695 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel caged nitroxides (nitroxide donors) with near-infrared two-photon (TP) responsive character, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-(1-(2-(4-nitrophenyl)benzofuran-6-yl)ethoxy)piperidine (2a) and its regioisomer 2b, were designed and synthesized. The one-photon (OP) (365 ± 10 nm) and TP (710–760 nm) triggered release (i.e., uncaging) of the 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) radical under air atmosphere were discovered. The quantum yields for the release of the TEMPO radical were 2.5% (2a) and 0.8% (2b) in benzene at ≈1% conversion of 2, and 13.1% (2a) and 12.8% (2b) in DMSO at ≈1% conversion of 2. The TP uncaging efficiencies were determined to be 1.1 GM at 740 nm for 2a and 0.22 GM at 730 nm for 2b in benzene. The cytocidal effect of compound 2a on lung cancer cells under photolysis conditions was also assessed to test the efficacy as anticancer agents. In a medium containing 100 μg mL−1 of 2a exposed to light, the number of living cells decreased significantly compared to the unexposed counterparts (65.8% vs 85.5%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayato Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.,Hiroshima Research Centre for Photo-Drug-Delivery Systems (HiU-P-DDS), Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.,JST-CREST, K's Gobancho 6F, 7, Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Nishimura
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Shoji Ishizaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.,Hiroshima Research Centre for Photo-Drug-Delivery Systems (HiU-P-DDS), Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Masashi Namba
- Hiroshima Research Centre for Photo-Drug-Delivery Systems (HiU-P-DDS), Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.,Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Taku Nakashima
- Hiroshima Research Centre for Photo-Drug-Delivery Systems (HiU-P-DDS), Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.,Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Shimoji
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Noboru Hattori
- Hiroshima Research Centre for Photo-Drug-Delivery Systems (HiU-P-DDS), Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.,Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
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15
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Beejapur HA, Zhang Q, Hu K, Zhu L, Wang J, Ye Z. TEMPO in Chemical Transformations: From Homogeneous to Heterogeneous. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b05001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hazi Ahmad Beejapur
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Biofuel, Biodiesel Laboratory of China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Biofuel, Biodiesel Laboratory of China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Kecheng Hu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Biofuel, Biodiesel Laboratory of China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Biofuel, Biodiesel Laboratory of China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Jianli Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Biofuel, Biodiesel Laboratory of China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Zhibin Ye
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1M8, Canada
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16
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Karimi B, Ghahremani M, Ciriminna R, Pagliaro M. New Stable Catalytic Electrodes Functionalized with TEMPO for the Waste-Free Oxidation of Alcohol. Org Process Res Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Babak Karimi
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), P.O. Box 45195-1159, Gava zang, Zanjan 45137-6731, Iran
- Research Center for Basic Science & Modern Technologies (RBST), Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS). Zanjan 45137-6731, Iran
| | - Mina Ghahremani
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), P.O. Box 45195-1159, Gava zang, Zanjan 45137-6731, Iran
| | - Rosaria Ciriminna
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, CNR, via U. La Malfa, 153 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Pagliaro
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, CNR, via U. La Malfa, 153 90146 Palermo, Italy
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17
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TEMPO-Functionalized Nanoporous Au Nanocomposite for the Electrochemical Detection of H 2O 2. Int J Anal Chem 2018; 2018:1710438. [PMID: 29983712 PMCID: PMC6015671 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1710438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel nanocomposite of nanoporous gold nanoparticles (np-AuNPs) functionalized with 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy radical (TEMPO) was prepared; assembled carboxyl groups on gold nanoporous nanoparticles surface were combined with TEMPO by the “bridge” of carboxylate-zirconium-carboxylate chemistry. SEM images and UV-Vis spectroscopies of np-AuNPs indicated that a safe, sustainable, and simplified one-step dealloying synthesis approach is successful. The TEMPO-np-AuNPs exhibited a good performance for the electrochemical detection of H2O2 due to its higher number of electrochemical activity sites and surface area of 7.49 m2g−1 for load bigger amount of TEMPO radicals. The TEMPO-functionalized np-AuNPs have a broad pH range and shorter response time for H2O2 catalysis verified by the response of amperometric signal under different pH and time interval. A wide linear range with a detection limit of 7.8 × 10−7 M and a higher sensitivity of 110.403 μA mM−1cm−2 were obtained for detecting H2O2 at optimal conditions.
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18
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Nutting JE, Rafiee M, Stahl SS. Tetramethylpiperidine N-Oxyl (TEMPO), Phthalimide N-Oxyl (PINO), and Related N-Oxyl Species: Electrochemical Properties and Their Use in Electrocatalytic Reactions. Chem Rev 2018; 118:4834-4885. [PMID: 29707945 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 535] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
N-Oxyl compounds represent a diverse group of reagents that find widespread use as catalysts for the selective oxidation of organic molecules in both laboratory and industrial applications. While turnover of N-oxyl catalysts in oxidation reactions may be accomplished with a variety of stoichiometric oxidants, N-oxyl reagents have also been extensively used as catalysts under electrochemical conditions in the absence of chemical oxidants. Several classes of N-oxyl compounds undergo facile redox reactions at electrode surfaces, enabling them to mediate a wide range of electrosynthetic reactions. Electrochemical studies also provide insights into the structural properties and mechanisms of chemical and electrochemical catalysis by N-oxyl compounds. This review provides a comprehensive survey of the electrochemical properties and electrocatalytic applications of aminoxyls, imidoxyls, and related reagents, of which the two prototypical and widely used examples are 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine N-oxyl (TEMPO) and phthalimide N-oxyl (PINO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan E Nutting
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Mohammad Rafiee
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Shannon S Stahl
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
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19
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Dao R, Zhao C, Yao J, Li H. Distinguishing ionic and radical mechanisms of hydroxylamine mediated electrocatalytic alcohol oxidation using NO–H bond dissociation energies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:28249-28256. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06134c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
An idea is proposed to sort N-oxyl radicals with respect to their mechanisms of electrocatalytic alcohol oxidation by knowing the NO–H bond dissociation energies of their precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Dao
- Department of Chemistry
- ZJU-NHU United R&D Center
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
| | - Chenxuan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry
- ZJU-NHU United R&D Center
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
| | - Jia Yao
- Department of Chemistry
- ZJU-NHU United R&D Center
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
| | - Haoran Li
- Department of Chemistry
- ZJU-NHU United R&D Center
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
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20
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Megiel E. Surface modification using TEMPO and its derivatives. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 250:158-184. [PMID: 28950986 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This article provides an overview of the methods for surface modification based on the use of stable radicals: 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) and its derivatives. Two approaches are discussed. The first relies on the immobilization of TEMPO moieties on the surface of various materials including silicon wafers, silica particles, organic polymers as well as diverse nanomaterials. Applications of such materials with spin labeled surface/interface, in (electro)catalysis, synthesis of novel hybrid nanostructures and nanocomposites as well as in designing of organic magnets and novel energy storage devices are also included in the discussion. The second approach utilizes TEMPO and its derivatives for the grafting of polymer chains and polymer brushes formation on flat and nanostructure surfaces via Nitroxide Mediated Radical Polymerization (NMRP). The influence of such polymer modification on surface/interface physicochemical properties is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Megiel
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Chemistry, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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21
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Ciriminna R, Ghahremani M, Karimi B, Pagliaro M. Electrochemical Alcohol Oxidation Mediated by TEMPO-like Nitroxyl Radicals. ChemistryOpen 2017; 6:5-10. [PMID: 28168142 PMCID: PMC5288755 DOI: 10.1002/open.201600086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The electrocatalytic oxidation of alcohols mediated by TEMPO-like nitroxyl radicals is an economically and industrially viable method that will shortly find commercial application in the synthesis of valued substances including active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), valued natural product derivatives, fine chemicals, and valued nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Ciriminna
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, CNRvia Ugo La Malfa 15390146PalermoItaly
| | - Mina Ghahremani
- Department of ChemistryInstitute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS)Gava Zang, PO Box 45195-1159Zanjan45137-66731Iran
| | - Babak Karimi
- Department of ChemistryInstitute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS)Gava Zang, PO Box 45195-1159Zanjan45137-66731Iran
| | - Mario Pagliaro
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, CNRvia Ugo La Malfa 15390146PalermoItaly
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22
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Catalytic Aerobic Oxidation of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) into 2,5-Furandicarboxylic Acid and Its Derivatives. PRODUCTION OF PLATFORM CHEMICALS FROM SUSTAINABLE RESOURCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-4172-3_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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23
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Zhou PJ, Li CK, Zhou SF, Shoberu A, Zou JP. Copper-catalyzed TEMPO oxidative cleavage of 1,3-diketones and β-keto esters for the synthesis of 1,2-diketones and α-keto esters. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:2629-2637. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00241f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Copper-catalyzed, TEMPO oxidized cleavage of α-methylene of 1,3-diketones and β-keto esters to form 1,2-diketones and α-keto esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Jun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
- China
| | - Cheng-Kun Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
- China
| | - Shao-Fang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
- China
| | - Adedamola Shoberu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
- China
| | - Jian-Ping Zou
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
- China
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24
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Cooperative electrocatalytic alcohol oxidation with electron-proton-transfer mediators. Nature 2016; 535:406-10. [DOI: 10.1038/nature18008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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25
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Burg A, Shamir D, Apelbaum L, Albo Y, Maimon E, Meyerstein D. Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Amines by Ni(1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotetradecane)
2+
Entrapped in Sol–Gel Electrodes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ariela Burg
- Chemical Engineering Department, SCE – Shamoon College of Engineering, Beer‐Sheva, Israel
| | - Dror Shamir
- Nuclear Research Centre Negev, P.O.B. 9001, Beer‐Sheva, Israel
| | - Lina Apelbaum
- R & D, Makhteshim Chemical Works, Ltd., Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Yael Albo
- Chemical Engineering Department, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Eric Maimon
- Nuclear Research Centre Negev, P.O.B. 9001, Beer‐Sheva, Israel
- Chemistry Department, Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev, Beer‐Sheva, Israel
| | - Dan Meyerstein
- Chemistry Department, Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev, Beer‐Sheva, Israel
- Biological Chemistry Department, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
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26
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Rafiee M, Miles KC, Stahl SS. Electrocatalytic Alcohol Oxidation with TEMPO and Bicyclic Nitroxyl Derivatives: Driving Force Trumps Steric Effects. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:14751-7. [PMID: 26505317 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b09672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Bicyclic nitroxyl derivatives, such as 2-azaadamantane N-oxyl (AZADO) and 9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane N-oxyl (ABNO), have emerged as highly effective alternatives to TEMPO-based catalysts for selective oxidation reactions (TEMPO = 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidine N-oxyl). Their efficacy is widely attributed to their smaller steric profile; however, electrocatalysis studies described herein show that the catalytic activity of nitroxyls is more strongly affected by the nitroxyl/oxoammonium redox potential than by steric effects. The inexpensive, high-potential TEMPO derivative, 4-acetamido-TEMPO (ACT), exhibits higher electrocatalytic activity than AZADO and ABNO for the oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols. Mechanistic studies provide insights into the origin of these unexpected reactivity trends. The superior activity of ACT is especially noteworthy at high pH, where bicyclic nitroxyls are inhibited by formation of an oxoammonium hydroxide adduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rafiee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Kelsey C Miles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Shannon S Stahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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27
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Zhang Z, Deng K. Recent Advances in the Catalytic Synthesis of 2,5-Furandicarboxylic Acid and Its Derivatives. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b01491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 404] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zehui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis
and Materials Sciences of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission and
Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Material Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Kejian Deng
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis
and Materials Sciences of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission and
Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Material Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
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28
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Polymer of Intrinsic Microporosity Induces Host-Guest Substrate Selectivity in Heterogeneous 4-Benzoyloxy-TEMPO-Catalysed Alcohol Oxidations. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-015-0284-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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29
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Hickey DP, Milton RD, Chen D, Sigman MS, Minteer SD. TEMPO-Modified Linear Poly(ethylenimine) for Immobilization-Enhanced Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Alcohols. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b01668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David P. Hickey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400
East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Ross D. Milton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400
East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Dayi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400
East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Matthew S. Sigman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400
East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Shelley D. Minteer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400
East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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30
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Gozdziewska M, Cichowicz G, Markowska K, Zawada K, Megiel E. Nitroxide-coated silver nanoparticles: synthesis, surface physicochemistry and antibacterial activity. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra09366j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the synthesis of well-defined silver nanoparticles with high antibacterial activity. Nitroxides on their surface may be oxidized under the influence of ROS to oxoammonium ions which are capable of interacting with bacterial membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katarzyna Markowska
- University of Warsaw
- Faculty of Biology
- Institute of Microbiology
- Department of Bacterial Genetics
- 02-096 Warsaw
| | - Katarzyna Zawada
- Medical University of Warsaw
- Faculty of Pharmacy with the Laboratory Medicine Division
- 07-097 Warsaw
- Poland
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