1
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Guo M, Dongfang N, Iannuzzi M, van Bokhoven JA, Artiglia L. Structure and Reactivity of Active Oxygen Species on Silver Surfaces for Ethylene Epoxidation. ACS Catal 2024; 14:10234-10244. [PMID: 38988650 PMCID: PMC11232021 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.4c01566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The epoxidation of ethylene stands as one of the most important industrial catalytic reactions, and silver-based catalysts show superior activity and selectivity. Oxygen is activated on the surface of silver during the reaction and exerts a substantial impact on product selectivity. Notably, the oxygen species residing in the topmost atomic layers profoundly influence the reactivity of a catalyst. However, their characterization under in situ reaction conditions remains a huge challenge, and specific structures have not been identified yet. In this study, we employ in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations to determine the oxygen species formed at the topmost atomic layers of a silver foil and to assign them a structure. Three different groups of oxygen species activated on silver are identified: (i) surface lattice oxygen and two oxygen species originating from associatively adsorbed dioxygen and (ii) top and (iii) subsurface oxygen. Transient in situ photoelectron spectroscopy experiments are carried out to reveal the dynamic evolution and thus reactivity of the different oxygen species under ethylene epoxidation reaction environments. The top oxygen atom from the adsorbed associated dioxygen is the most active. Meanwhile, a frequency-selective data analysis method, developed to process time-resolved data, provides insights into the evolving trends of peak intensities for different oxygen species. The versatility of this method suggests its potential application in future time-resolved characterization studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Guo
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nanchen Dongfang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcella Iannuzzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jeroen Anton van Bokhoven
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luca Artiglia
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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2
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Wang Z, Xu L, Zhou Y, Liang Y, Yang J, Wu D, Zhang S, Han X, Shi X, Li J, Yuan Y, Deng P, Tian X. Stabilizing the oxidation state of catalysts for effective electrochemical carbon dioxide conversion. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:6295-6321. [PMID: 38722208 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00887h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
In the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), metal catalysts with an oxidation state generally demonstrate more favorable catalytic activity and selectivity than their corresponding metallic counterparts. However, the persistence of oxidative metal sites under reductive potentials is challenging since the transition to metallic states inevitably leads to catalytic degradation. Herein, a thorough review of research on oxidation-state stabilization in the CO2RR is presented, starting from fundamental concepts and highlighting the importance of oxidation state stabilization while revealing the relevance of dynamic oxidation states in product distribution. Subsequently, the functional mechanisms of various oxidation-state protection strategies are explained in detail, and in situ detection techniques are discussed. Finally, the prevailing and prospective challenges associated with oxidation-state protection research are discussed, identifying innovative opportunities for mechanistic insights, technology upgrades, and industrial platforms to enable the commercialization of the CO2RR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitong Wang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Lizhi Xu
- Hainan Provincial Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Centre, Haikou 571126, China
| | - Yansong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Institute for Electric Light Sources, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ying Liang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Jinlin Yang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Daoxiong Wu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Institute for Electric Light Sources, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xingqi Han
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Xiaodong Shi
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Jing Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Yuliang Yuan
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Peilin Deng
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Xinlong Tian
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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3
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Beck A, Newton MA, van de Water LGA, van Bokhoven JA. The Enigma of Methanol Synthesis by Cu/ZnO/Al 2O 3-Based Catalysts. Chem Rev 2024; 124:4543-4678. [PMID: 38564235 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The activity and durability of the Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 (CZA) catalyst formulation for methanol synthesis from CO/CO2/H2 feeds far exceed the sum of its individual components. As such, this ternary catalytic system is a prime example of synergy in catalysis, one that has been employed for the large scale commercial production of methanol since its inception in the mid 1960s with precious little alteration to its original formulation. Methanol is a key building block of the chemical industry. It is also an attractive energy storage molecule, which can also be produced from CO2 and H2 alone, making efficient use of sequestered CO2. As such, this somewhat unusual catalyst formulation has an enormous role to play in the modern chemical industry and the world of global economics, to which the correspondingly voluminous and ongoing research, which began in the 1920s, attests. Yet, despite this commercial success, and while research aimed at understanding how this formulation functions has continued throughout the decades, a comprehensive and universally agreed upon understanding of how this material achieves what it does has yet to be realized. After nigh on a century of research into CZA catalysts, the purpose of this Review is to appraise what has been achieved to date, and to show how, and how far, the field has evolved. To do so, this Review evaluates the research regarding this catalyst formulation in a chronological order and critically assesses the validity and novelty of various hypotheses and claims that have been made over the years. Ultimately, the Review attempts to derive a holistic summary of what the current body of literature tells us about the fundamental sources of the synergies at work within the CZA catalyst and, from this, suggest ways in which the field may yet be further advanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arik Beck
- Institute for Chemistry and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Mark A Newton
- Institute for Chemistry and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jeroen A van Bokhoven
- Institute for Chemistry and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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4
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Oh J, Boucly A, van Bokhoven JA, Artiglia L, Cargnello M. Palladium Catalysts for Methane Oxidation: Old Materials, New Challenges. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:23-36. [PMID: 38099741 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusMethane complete oxidation is an important reaction that is part of the general scheme used for removing pollutants contained in emissions from internal combustion engines and, more generally, combustion processes. It has also recently attracted interest as an option for the removal of atmospheric methane in the context of negative emission technologies. Methane, a powerful greenhouse gas, can be converted to carbon dioxide and water via its complete oxidation. Despite burning methane being facile because the combustion sustains its complete oxidation after ignition, methane strong C-H bonds require a catalyst to perform the oxidation at low temperatures and in the absence of a flame so as to avoid the formation of nitrogen oxides, such as those produced in flares. This process allows methane removal to be obtained under conditions that usually lead to higher emissions, such as under cold start conditions in the case of internal combustion engines. Among several options that include homo- and heterogeneous catalysts, supported palladium-based catalysts are the most active heterogeneous systems for this reaction. Finely divided palladium can activate C-H bonds at temperatures as low as 150 °C, although complete conversion is usually not reached until 400-500 °C in practical applications. Major goals are to achieve catalytic methane oxidation at as low as possible temperature and to utilize this expensive metal more efficiently.Compared to any other transition metal, palladium and its oxides are orders of magnitude more reactive for methane oxidation in the absence of water. During the last few decades, much research has been devoted to unveiling the origin of the high activity of supported palladium catalysts, their active phase, the effect of support, promoters, and defects, and the effect of reaction conditions with the goal of further improving their reactivity. There is an overall agreement in trends, yet there are noticeable differences in some details of the catalytic performance of palladium, including the active phase under reaction conditions and the reasons for catalyst deactivation and poisoning. In this Account we summarize our work in this space using well-defined catalysts, especially model palladium surfaces and those prepared using colloidal nanocrystals as precursors, and spectroscopic tools to unveil important details about the chemistry of supported palladium catalysts. We describe advanced techniques aimed at elucidating the role of several parameters in the performance of palladium catalysts for methane oxidation as well as in engineering catalysts through advancing fundamental understanding and synthesis methods. We report the state of research on active phases and sites, then move to the role of supports and promoters, and finally discuss stability in catalytic performance and the role of water in the palladium active phase. Overall, we want to emphasize the importance of a fundamental understanding in designing and realizing active and stable palladium-based catalysts for methane oxidation as an example for a variety of energy and environmental applications of nanomaterials in catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwon Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Anthony Boucly
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry (LSK) and Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC), Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Jeroen Anton van Bokhoven
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry (LSK) and Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC), Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering (ICB), ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Luca Artiglia
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry (LSK) and Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC), Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Cargnello
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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5
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Liu L, Wu X, Wang F, Zhang L, Wang X, Song S, Zhang H. Dual-Site Metal Catalysts for Electrocatalytic CO 2 Reduction Reaction. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300583. [PMID: 37367498 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2 RR) is a promising and green approach for reducing atmospheric CO2 concentration and achieving high-valued conversion of CO2 under the carbon-neutral policy. In CO2 RR, the dual-site metal catalysts (DSMCs) have received wide attention for their ingenious design strategies, abundant active sites, and excellent catalytic performance attributed to the synergistic effect between dual-site in terms of activity, selectivity and stability, which plays a key role in catalytic reactions. This review provides a systematic summary and detailed classification of DSMCs for CO2 RR, describes the mechanism of synergistic effects in catalytic reactions, and also introduces in situ characterization techniques commonly used in CO2 RR. Finally, the main challenges and prospects of dual-site metal catalysts and even multi-site catalysts for CO2 recycling are analyzed. It is believed that based on the understanding of bimetallic site catalysts and synergistic effects in CO2 RR, well-designed high-performance, low-cost electrocatalysts are promising for achieving CO2 conversion, electrochemical energy conversion and storage in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5265, Renmin Street, Chaoyang District, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P.R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, 96, Jinzhai Road, Baohe District, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xueting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5265, Renmin Street, Chaoyang District, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P.R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, 96, Jinzhai Road, Baohe District, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5265, Renmin Street, Chaoyang District, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P.R. China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5265, Renmin Street, Chaoyang District, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5265, Renmin Street, Chaoyang District, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P.R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, 96, Jinzhai Road, Baohe District, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Shuyan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5265, Renmin Street, Chaoyang District, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P.R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, 96, Jinzhai Road, Baohe District, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5265, Renmin Street, Chaoyang District, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P.R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, 96, Jinzhai Road, Baohe District, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 30, Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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6
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Roger M, Artiglia L, Boucly A, Buttignol F, Agote-Arán M, van Bokhoven JA, Kröcher O, Ferri D. Improving time-resolution and sensitivity of in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of a powder catalyst by modulated excitation. Chem Sci 2023; 14:7482-7491. [PMID: 37449079 PMCID: PMC10337771 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01274c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS) is a powerful tool to characterize the surface structure of heterogeneous catalysts in situ. In order to improve the time resolution and the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio of photoemission spectra, we collected consecutive APXP spectra during the periodic perturbation of a powder Pd/Al2O3 catalyst away from its equilibrium state according to the modulated excitation approach (ME). Averaging of the spectra along the alternate pulses of O2 and CO improved the S/N ratio demonstrating that the time resolution of the measurement can be limited solely to the acquisition time of one spectrum. Through phase sensitive analysis of the averaged time-resolved spectra, the formation/consumption dynamics of three oxidic species, two metal species, adsorbed CO on Pd0 as well as Pdn+ (n > 2) was followed along the gas switches. Pdn+ and 2-fold surface PdO species were recognised as most reactive to the gas switches. Our approach demonstrates that phase sensitive detection of time-resolved XPS data allows following the dynamics of reactive species at the solid-gas interface under different reaction environments with unprecedented precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Roger
- Paul Scherrer Institut Forschungsstrasse 111, CH-5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute for Chemical Sciences and Engineering CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - L Artiglia
- Paul Scherrer Institut Forschungsstrasse 111, CH-5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland
| | - A Boucly
- Paul Scherrer Institut Forschungsstrasse 111, CH-5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland
| | - F Buttignol
- Paul Scherrer Institut Forschungsstrasse 111, CH-5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute for Chemical Sciences and Engineering CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - M Agote-Arán
- Paul Scherrer Institut Forschungsstrasse 111, CH-5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland
| | - J A van Bokhoven
- Paul Scherrer Institut Forschungsstrasse 111, CH-5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - O Kröcher
- Paul Scherrer Institut Forschungsstrasse 111, CH-5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute for Chemical Sciences and Engineering CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - D Ferri
- Paul Scherrer Institut Forschungsstrasse 111, CH-5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland
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7
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Zang Y, Cai J, Han Y, Wu H, Zhu W, Shi S, Zhang H, Ran Y, Yang F, Ye M, Yang B, Li Y, Liu Z. CO 2 Activation on Ni(111) and Ni(110) Surfaces in the Presence of Hydrogen. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:4381-4387. [PMID: 37140346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The structure sensitivity of CO2 activation in the presence of H2 has been identified by ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS) on Ni(111) and Ni(110) surfaces under identical reaction conditions. Based on the APXPS results and computer simulations, we propose that, around room temperature, the hydrogen-assisted activation of CO2 is the major reaction path on Ni(111), while the redox pathway of CO2 prevails on Ni(110). With increasing temperature, the two activation pathways are activated in parallel. While the Ni(111) surface is fully reduced to the metallic state at elevated temperatures, two stable Ni oxide species can be observed on Ni(110). Turnover frequency measurements indicate that the low-coordinated sites on Ni(110) promote the activity and selectivity of CO2 hydrogenation to methane. Our findings provide insights into the role of low-coordinated Ni sites in nanoparticle catalysts for CO2 methanation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Cai
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yong Han
- Center for Transformative Science, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Huanyang Wu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Wen Zhu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Shucheng Shi
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Yihua Ran
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Mao Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Bo Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yimin Li
- Center for Transformative Science, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- Center for Transformative Science, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
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8
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Zhao Y, Adiyeri Saseendran DP, Huang C, Triana CA, Marks WR, Chen H, Zhao H, Patzke GR. Oxygen Evolution/Reduction Reaction Catalysts: From In Situ Monitoring and Reaction Mechanisms to Rational Design. Chem Rev 2023; 123:6257-6358. [PMID: 36944098 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are core steps of various energy conversion and storage systems. However, their sluggish reaction kinetics, i.e., the demanding multielectron transfer processes, still render OER/ORR catalysts less efficient for practical applications. Moreover, the complexity of the catalyst-electrolyte interface makes a comprehensive understanding of the intrinsic OER/ORR mechanisms challenging. Fortunately, recent advances of in situ/operando characterization techniques have facilitated the kinetic monitoring of catalysts under reaction conditions. Here we provide selected highlights of recent in situ/operando mechanistic studies of OER/ORR catalysts with the main emphasis placed on heterogeneous systems (primarily discussing first-row transition metals which operate under basic conditions), followed by a brief outlook on molecular catalysts. Key sections in this review are focused on determination of the true active species, identification of the active sites, and monitoring of the reactive intermediates. For in-depth insights into the above factors, a short overview of the metrics for accurate characterizations of OER/ORR catalysts is provided. A combination of the obtained time-resolved reaction information and reliable activity data will then guide the rational design of new catalysts. Strategies such as optimizing the restructuring process as well as overcoming the adsorption-energy scaling relations will be discussed. Finally, pending current challenges and prospects toward the understanding and development of efficient heterogeneous catalysts and selected homogeneous catalysts are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggui Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Chong Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carlos A Triana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Walker R Marks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Han Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Greta R Patzke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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9
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Su Z, Li X, Si W, Artiglia L, Peng Y, Chen J, Wang H, Chen D, Li J. Probing the Actual Role and Activity of Oxygen Vacancies in Toluene Catalytic Oxidation: Evidence from In Situ XPS/NEXAFS and DFT + U Calculation. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziang Su
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Xiansheng Li
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Wenzhe Si
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Luca Artiglia
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Yue Peng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Houlin Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Deli Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Junhua Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
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10
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Oh J, Beck A, Goodman ED, Roling LT, Boucly A, Artiglia L, Abild-Pedersen F, van Bokhoven JA, Cargnello M. Colloidally Engineered Pd and Pt Catalysts Distinguish Surface- and Vapor-Mediated Deactivation Mechanisms. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinwon Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Arik Beck
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering (ICB), ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Emmett D. Goodman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Luke T. Roling
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Anthony Boucly
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry (LSK), Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Luca Artiglia
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry (LSK), Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Frank Abild-Pedersen
- SUNCAT Center for Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Jeroen A. van Bokhoven
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering (ICB), ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry (LSK), Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Cargnello
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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11
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Recent Advances in In Situ/Operando Surface/Interface Characterization Techniques for the Study of Artificial Photosynthesis. INORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics11010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
(Photo-)electrocatalytic artificial photosynthesis driven by electrical and/or solar energy that converts water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) into hydrogen (H2), carbohydrates and oxygen (O2), has proven to be a promising and effective route for producing clean alternatives to fossil fuels, as well as for storing intermittent renewable energy, and thus to solve the energy crisis and climate change issues that we are facing today. Basic (photo-)electrocatalysis consists of three main processes: (1) light absorption, (2) the separation and transport of photogenerated charge carriers, and (3) the transfer of photogenerated charge carriers at the interfaces. With further research, scientists have found that these three steps are significantly affected by surface and interface properties (e.g., defect, dangling bonds, adsorption/desorption, surface recombination, electric double layer (EDL), surface dipole). Therefore, the catalytic performance, which to a great extent is determined by the physicochemical properties of surfaces and interfaces between catalyst and reactant, can be changed dramatically under working conditions. Common approaches for investigating these phenomena include X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), scanning probe microscopy (SPM), wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXRD), auger electron spectroscopy (AES), transmission electron microscope (TEM), etc. Generally, these techniques can only be applied under ex situ conditions and cannot fully recover the changes of catalysts in real chemical reactions. How to identify and track alterations of the catalysts, and thus provide further insight into the complex mechanisms behind them, has become a major research topic in this field. The application of in situ/operando characterization techniques enables real-time monitoring and analysis of dynamic changes. Therefore, researchers can obtain physical and/or chemical information during the reaction (e.g., morphology, chemical bonding, valence state, photocurrent distribution, surface potential variation, surface reconstruction), or even by the combination of these techniques as a suite (e.g., atomic force microscopy-based infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR), or near-ambient-pressure STM/XPS combined system (NAP STM-XPS)) to correlate the various properties simultaneously, so as to further reveal the reaction mechanisms. In this review, we briefly describe the working principles of in situ/operando surface/interface characterization technologies (i.e., SPM and X-ray spectroscopy) and discuss the recent progress in monitoring relevant surface/interface changes during water splitting and CO2 reduction reactions (CO2RR). We hope that this review will provide our readers with some ideas and guidance about how these in situ/operando characterization techniques can help us investigate the changes in catalyst surfaces/interfaces, and further promote the development of (photo-)electrocatalytic surface and interface engineering.
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12
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Beck A, Kazazis D, Ekinci Y, Li X, Müller Gubler EA, Kleibert A, Willinger MG, Artiglia L, van Bokhoven JA. The Extent of Platinum-Induced Hydrogen Spillover on Cerium Dioxide. ACS NANO 2022; 17:1091-1099. [PMID: 36469418 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen spillover from metal nanoparticles to oxides is an essential process in hydrogenation catalysis and other applications such as hydrogen storage. It is important to understand how far this process is reaching over the surface of the oxide. Here, we present a combination of advanced sample fabrication of a model system and in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to disentangle local and far-reaching effects of hydrogen spillover in a platinum-ceria catalyst. At low temperatures (25-100 °C and 1 mbar H2) surface O-H formed by hydrogen spillover on the whole ceria surface extending microns away from the platinum, leading to a reduction of Ce4+ to Ce3+. This process and structures were strongly temperature dependent. At temperatures above 150 °C (at 1 mbar H2), O-H partially disappeared from the surface due to its decreasing thermodynamic stability. This resulted in a ceria reoxidation. Higher hydrogen pressures are likely to shift these transition temperatures upward due to the increasing chemical potential. The findings reveal that on a catalyst containing a structure capable to promote spillover, hydrogen can affect the whole catalyst surface and be involved in catalysis and restructuring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arik Beck
- ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1, Zürich8093, Switzerland
| | - Dimitrios Kazazis
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Yasin Ekinci
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Xiansheng Li
- ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1, Zürich8093, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | - Armin Kleibert
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | - Luca Artiglia
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Jeroen A van Bokhoven
- ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1, Zürich8093, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232Villigen, Switzerland
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13
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Lian X, Gao J, Ding Y, Liu Y, Chen W. Unraveling Catalytic Reaction Mechanism by In Situ Near Ambient Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:8264-8277. [PMID: 36036437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Probing surface chemistry during reactions closer to realistic conditions is crucial for the understanding of mechanisms in heterogeneous catalysis. Near ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NAP-XPS) is one of the state-of-the-art surface-sensitive techniques used to characterize catalyst surfaces in gas phases. This Perspective begins with a brief overview of the development of the NAP-XPS technique and its representative applications in identifying the active sites at a molecular level. Next, recent in situ NAP-XPS investigations of several model catalysts in the CO2 hydrogenation reaction are mainly discussed. Finally, we highlight the major challenges facing NAP-XPS and future improvements to facilities for probing intermediates with higher resolutions under real ambient pressure reactions in heterogeneous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Lian
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Jiajia Gao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Yishui Ding
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, PR China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, PR China
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542, Singapore
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14
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Eng AYS, Soni CB, Lum Y, Khoo E, Yao Z, Vineeth SK, Kumar V, Lu J, Johnson CS, Wolverton C, Seh ZW. Theory-guided experimental design in battery materials research. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm2422. [PMID: 35544561 PMCID: PMC9094674 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm2422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A reliable energy storage ecosystem is imperative for a renewable energy future, and continued research is needed to develop promising rechargeable battery chemistries. To this end, better theoretical and experimental understanding of electrochemical mechanisms and structure-property relationships will allow us to accelerate the development of safer batteries with higher energy densities and longer lifetimes. This Review discusses the interplay between theory and experiment in battery materials research, enabling us to not only uncover hitherto unknown mechanisms but also rationally design more promising electrode and electrolyte materials. We examine specific case studies of theory-guided experimental design in lithium-ion, lithium-metal, sodium-metal, and all-solid-state batteries. We also offer insights into how this framework can be extended to multivalent batteries. To close the loop, we outline recent efforts in coupling machine learning with high-throughput computations and experiments. Last, recommendations for effective collaboration between theorists and experimentalists are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Yong Sheng Eng
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Chhail Bihari Soni
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110 016, India
| | - Yanwei Lum
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Edwin Khoo
- Institute for Infocomm Research, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, Connexis, Singapore 138632, Singapore
| | - Zhenpeng Yao
- The State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - S. K. Vineeth
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110 016, India
| | - Vipin Kumar
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110 016, India
| | - Jun Lu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Christopher S. Johnson
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Christopher Wolverton
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Zhi Wei Seh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
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15
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Redekop EA, Yablonsky GS, Gleaves JT. Truth is, we all are transients: A perspective on the time-dependent nature of reactions and those who study them. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Paunović V, Sushkevich V, Rzepka P, Artiglia L, Hauert R, Sik Lee S, van Bokhoven JA. Reactivation of catalysts for methanol–to–hydrocarbons conversion with hydrogen. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2022.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Pérez-Dieste V. Characterization of model and real catalysts by APXPS. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202227301005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In this contribution, I first briefly summarize some of the recent advances relevant for the investigation of heterogeneous catalysis with Ambient Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (APXPS). In the second part, two examples of the research done at the CIRCE beamline of the synchrotron ALBA are described: CO oxidation on a model curved crystal Pd(111) catalyst and methanol steam reforming on powder bimetallic supported catalysts, PdCu/ monoclinic and cubic zirconia.
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18
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Chen Z, Wang X, Mills JP, Du C, Kim J, Wen J, Wu YA. Two-dimensional materials for electrochemical CO 2 reduction: materials, in situ/ operando characterizations, and perspective. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:19712-19739. [PMID: 34817491 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr06196h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2 ECR) is an efficient approach to achieving eco-friendly energy generation and environmental sustainability. This approach is capable of lowering the CO2 greenhouse gas concentration in the atmosphere while producing various valuable fuels and products. For catalytic CO2 ECR, two-dimensional (2D) materials stand as promising catalyst candidates due to their superior electrical conductivity, abundant dangling bonds, and tremendous amounts of surface active sites. On the other hand, the investigations on fundamental reaction mechanisms in CO2 ECR are highly demanded but usually require advanced in situ and operando multimodal characterizations. This review summarizes recent advances in the development, engineering, and structure-activity relationships of 2D materials for CO2 ECR. Furthermore, we overview state-of-the-art in situ and operando characterization techniques, which are used to investigate the catalytic reaction mechanisms with the spatial resolution from the micron-scale to the atomic scale, and with the temporal resolution from femtoseconds to seconds. Finally, we conclude this review by outlining challenges and opportunities for future development in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuolong Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Materials Interface Foundry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Xiyang Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Materials Interface Foundry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Joel P Mills
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Materials Interface Foundry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Cheng Du
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Materials Interface Foundry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Jintae Kim
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Materials Interface Foundry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - John Wen
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Materials Interface Foundry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Yimin A Wu
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Materials Interface Foundry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
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19
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Li X, Wang X, Sadykov II, Palagin D, Safonova OV, Li J, Beck A, Krumeich F, van Bokhoven JA, Artiglia L. Temperature and Reaction Environment Influence the Nature of Platinum Species Supported on Ceria. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c03165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiansheng Li
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Xing Wang
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Ilia I. Sadykov
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Operando Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Dennis Palagin
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Olga V. Safonova
- Laboratory for Operando Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Junhua Li
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing,, China
| | - Arik Beck
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frank Krumeich
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jeroen A. van Bokhoven
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Luca Artiglia
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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20
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Cao X, Tan D, Wulan B, Hui KS, Hui KN, Zhang J. In Situ Characterization for Boosting Electrocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2100700. [PMID: 34927933 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide into organic fuels and feedstocks is a fascinating method to implement the sustainable carbon cycle. Thus, a rational design of advanced electrocatalysts and a deep understanding of reaction mechanisms are crucial for the complex reactions of carbon dioxide reduction with multiple electron transfer. In situ and operando techniques with real-time monitoring are important to obtain deep insight into the electrocatalytic reaction to reveal the dynamic evolution of electrocatalysts' structure and composition under experimental conditions. In this paper, the reaction pathways for the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2 RR) in the generation of various products (e.g., C1 and C2 ) via the proposed mechanisms are introduced. Moreover, recent advances in the development and applications of in situ and operando characterization techniques, from the basic working principles and in situ cell structure to detailed applications are discussed. Suggestions and future directions of in situ/operando analysis are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Cao
- Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Dongxing Tan
- Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Bari Wulan
- Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - K S Hui
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - K N Hui
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, 999078, P. R. China
| | - Jintao Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
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21
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Kopelent R, Tereshchenko A, Guda A, Smolentsev G, Artiglia L, Sushkevich VL, Bugaev A, Sadykov II, Baidya T, Bodnarchuk M, van Bokhoven JA, Nachtegaal M, Safonova OV. Enhanced Reducibility of the Ceria–Tin Oxide Solid Solution Modifies the CO Oxidation Mechanism at the Platinum–Oxide Interface. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- René Kopelent
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI 5232, Switzerland
| | - Andrei Tereshchenko
- The Smart Materials Research Institute, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Guda
- The Smart Materials Research Institute, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russian Federation
| | | | - Luca Artiglia
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI 5232, Switzerland
| | | | - Aram Bugaev
- The Smart Materials Research Institute, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russian Federation
| | | | - Tinku Baidya
- Catalysis & Fine Chemicals Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Maryna Bodnarchuk
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Jeroen Anton van Bokhoven
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI 5232, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
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22
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Beck A, Zabilskiy M, Newton MA, Safonova O, Willinger MG, van Bokhoven JA. Following the structure of copper-zinc-alumina across the pressure gap in carbon dioxide hydrogenation. Nat Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-021-00625-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Li T, Beck A, Krumeich F, Artiglia L, Ghosalya MK, Roger M, Ferri D, Kröcher O, Sushkevich V, Safonova OV, van Bokhoven JA. Stable Palladium Oxide Clusters Encapsulated in Silicalite-1 for Complete Methane Oxidation. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teng Li
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Arik Beck
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frank Krumeich
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luca Artiglia
- Paul Scherrer Insitute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Manoj K. Ghosalya
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Insitute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Maneka Roger
- Paul Scherrer Insitute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Davide Ferri
- Paul Scherrer Insitute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Kröcher
- Paul Scherrer Insitute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Jeroen A. van Bokhoven
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Insitute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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Redekop EA, Johansson N, Kokkonen E, Urpelainen S, Lopes da Silva F, Kaipio M, Nieminen HE, Rehman F, Miikkulainen V, Ritala M, Olsbye U. Synchronizing gas injections and time-resolved data acquisition for perturbation-enhanced APXPS experiments. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:044101. [PMID: 34243480 DOI: 10.1063/5.0039957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An experimental approach is described in which well-defined perturbations of the gas feed into an Ambient Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (APXPS) cell are fully synchronized with the time-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data acquisition. These experiments unlock new possibilities for investigating the properties of materials and chemical reactions mediated by their surfaces, such as those in heterogeneous catalysis, surface science, and coating/deposition applications. Implementation of this approach, which is termed perturbation-enhanced APXPS, at the SPECIES beamline of MAX IV Laboratory is discussed along with several experimental examples including individual pulses of N2 gas over a Au foil, a multi-pulse titration of oxygen vacancies in a pre-reduced TiO2 single crystal with O2 gas, and a sequence of alternating precursor pulses for atomic layer deposition of TiO2 on a silicon wafer substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniy A Redekop
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology (SMN), University of Oslo, Oslo 0371, Norway
| | | | - Esko Kokkonen
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Samuli Urpelainen
- Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Mikko Kaipio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Foqia Rehman
- Department of Physics, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ville Miikkulainen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Ritala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Unni Olsbye
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology (SMN), University of Oslo, Oslo 0371, Norway
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25
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Han Y, Zhang H, Yu Y, Liu Z. In Situ Characterization of Catalysis and Electrocatalysis Using APXPS. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Han
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Center for Transformative Science, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Yi Yu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Center for Transformative Science, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- Center for Transformative Science, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
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26
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Tereshchenko A, Guda A, Polyakov V, Rusalev Y, Butova V, Soldatov A. Pd nanoparticle growth monitored by DRIFT spectroscopy of adsorbed CO. Analyst 2020; 145:7534-7540. [PMID: 32966356 DOI: 10.1039/d0an01303j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy and scattering are known in situ probes of metal nanoparticles (NPs). A limited number of laboratory techniques allow post-synthesis diagnostics of the active metal surface area. This work demonstrates the high potential of infrared spectroscopy as an in situ laboratory probe for the growth of metal NPs on a substrate. We introduce a small fraction of CO molecules into the reaction mixture as a probe to monitor the reduction kinetics of the Pd2+ precursor on ceria in hydrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Tereshchenko
- The Smart Materials Research Institute, Southern Federal University, 344090, Rostov-on-Don, Russia.
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27
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Stochastic Analysis of Electron Transfer and Mass Transport in Confined Solid/Liquid Interfaces. SURFACES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/surfaces3030029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Molecular-level understanding of electrified solid/liquid interfaces has recently been enabled thanks to the development of novel in situ/operando spectroscopic tools. Among those, ambient pressure photoelectron spectroscopy performed in the tender/hard X-ray region and coupled with the “dip and pull” method makes it possible to simultaneously interrogate the chemical composition of the interface and built-in electrical potentials. On the other hand, only thin liquid films (on the order of tens of nanometers at most) can be investigated, since the photo-emitted electrons must travel through the electrolyte layer to reach the photoelectron analyzer. Due to the challenging control and stability of nm-thick liquid films, a detailed experimental electrochemical investigation of such thin electrolyte layers is still lacking. This work therefore aims at characterizing the electrochemical behavior of solid/liquid interfaces when confined in nanometer-sized regions using a stochastic simulation approach. The investigation was performed by modeling (i) the electron transfer between a solid surface and a one-electron redox couple and (ii) its diffusion in solution. Our findings show that the well-known thin-layer voltammetry theory elaborated by Hubbard can be successfully applied to describe the voltammetric behavior of such nanometer-sized interfaces. We also provide an estimation of the current densities developed in these confined interfaces, resulting in values on the order of few hundreds of nA·cm−2. We believe that our results can contribute to the comprehension of the physical/chemical properties of nano-interfaces, thereby aiding to a better understanding of the capabilities and limitations of the “dip and pull” method.
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Schnadt J, Knudsen J, Johansson N. Present and new frontiers in materials research by ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:413003. [PMID: 32438360 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab9565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this topical review we catagorise all ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy publications that have appeared between the 1970s and the end of 2018 according to their scientific field. We find that catalysis, surface science and materials science are predominant, while, for example, electrocatalysis and thin film growth are emerging. All catalysis publications that we could identify are cited, and selected case stories with increasing complexity in terms of surface structure or chemical reaction are discussed. For thin film growth we discuss recent examples from chemical vapour deposition and atomic layer deposition. Finally, we also discuss current frontiers of ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy research, indicating some directions of future development of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Schnadt
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jan Knudsen
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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29
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Wang X, Cai ZF, Wang YQ, Feng YC, Yan HJ, Wang D, Wan LJ. In Situ Scanning Tunneling Microscopy of Cobalt-Phthalocyanine-Catalyzed CO 2 Reduction Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16098-16103. [PMID: 32495960 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We report a molecular investigation of a cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc)-catalyzed CO2 reduction reaction by electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (ECSTM). An ordered adlayer of CoPc was prepared on Au(111). Approximately 14 % of the adsorbed species appeared with high contrast in a CO2 -purged electrolyte environment. The ECSTM experiments indicate the proportion of high-contrast species correlated with the reduction of CoII Pc (-0.2 V vs. saturated calomel electrode (SCE)). The high-contrast species is ascribed to the CoPc-CO2 complex, which is further confirmed by theoretical simulation. The sharp contrast change from CoPc-CO2 to CoPc is revealed by in situ ECSTM characterization of the reaction. Potential step experiments provide dynamic information for the initial stage of the reaction, which include the reduction of CoPc and the binding of CO2 , and the latter is the rate-limiting step. The rate constant of the formation and dissociation of CoPc-CO2 is estimated on the basis of the in situ ECSTM experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhen-Feng Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yu-Qi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ya-Chen Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hui-Juan Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Li-Jun Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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30
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Wang X, Cai Z, Wang Y, Feng Y, Yan H, Wang D, Wan L. In Situ Scanning Tunneling Microscopy of Cobalt‐Phthalocyanine‐Catalyzed CO
2
Reduction Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS) Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Zhen‐Feng Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS) Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yu‐Qi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS) Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Ya‐Chen Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS) Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Hui‐Juan Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS) Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Dong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS) Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Li‐Jun Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS) Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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31
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The dynamics of overlayer formation on catalyst nanoparticles and strong metal-support interaction. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3220. [PMID: 32591532 PMCID: PMC7320156 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17070-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous catalysts play a pivotal role in the chemical industry. The strong metal-support interaction (SMSI), which affects the catalytic activity, is a phenomenon researched for decades. However, detailed mechanistic understanding on real catalytic systems is lacking. Here, this surface phenomenon was studied on an actual platinum-titania catalyst by state-of-the-art in situ electron microscopy, in situ X-ray photoemission spectroscopy and in situ X-ray diffraction, aided by density functional theory calculations, providing a novel real time view on how the phenomenon occurs. The migration of reduced titanium oxide, limited in thickness, and the formation of an alloy are competing mechanisms during high temperature reduction. Subsequent exposure to oxygen segregates the titanium from the alloy, and a thicker titania overlayer forms. This role of oxygen in the formation process and stabilization of the overlayer was not recognized before. It provides new application potential in catalysis and materials science. Tuning the catalytic activity of metal nanoparticles by encapsulation is a long known process, but mechanistically poorly understood. Here, Beck and colleagues reveal the encapsulation mechanism by support material and the outstanding role of oxygen in the encapsulation mechanism by extensive in situ characterization.
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32
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Gladich I, Chen S, Vazdar M, Boucly A, Yang H, Ammann M, Artiglia L. Surface Propensity of Aqueous Atmospheric Bromine at the Liquid-Gas Interface. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:3422-3429. [PMID: 32283032 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Multiphase reactions of halide ions in aqueous solutions exposed to the atmosphere initiate the formation of molecular halogen compounds in the gas phase. Their photolysis leads to halogen atoms, which are catalytic sinks for ozone, making these processes relevant for the regional and global tropospheric ozone budget. The affinity of halide ions in aqueous solution for the liquid-gas interface, which may influence their reactivity with gaseous species, has been debated. Our study focuses on the surface properties of the bromide ion and its oxidation products. In situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy carried out on a liquid jet combined with classical and first-principles molecular dynamics calculations was used to investigate the interfacial depth profile of bromide, hypobromite, hypobromous acid, and bromate. The simulated core electron binding energies support the experimentally observed values, which follow a correlation with bromine oxidation state for the anion series. Bromide ions are homogeneously distributed in the solution. Hypobromous acid, a key species in the multiphase cycling of bromine, is the only species showing surface propensity, which suggests a more important role of the interface in multiphase bromine chemistry than thought so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Gladich
- Qatar Environment & Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shuzhen Chen
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Institute of Atmospheric and Climate Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mario Vazdar
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rudjer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anthony Boucly
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Huanyu Yang
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Institute of Atmospheric and Climate Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Ammann
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Luca Artiglia
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Sustainable Chemistry and Catalysis, Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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Abstract
Electrochemical reduction of CO2 to value-added chemicals and fuels is a promising approach to store renewable energy while closing the anthropogenic carbon cycle. Despite significant advances in developing new electrocatalysts, this system still lacks enough energy conversion efficiency to become a viable technology for industrial applications. To develop an active and selective electrocatalyst and engineer the reaction environment to achieve high energy conversion efficiency, we need to improve our knowledge of the reaction mechanism and material structure under reaction conditions. In situ spectroscopies are among the most powerful tools which enable measurements of the system under real conditions. These methods provide information about reaction intermediates and possible reaction pathways, electrocatalyst structure and active sites, as well as the effect of the reaction environment on products distribution. This review aims to highlight the utilization of in situ spectroscopic methods that enhance our understanding of the CO2 reduction reaction. Infrared, Raman, X-ray absorption, X-ray photoelectron, and mass spectroscopies are discussed here. The critical challenges associated with current state-of-the-art systems are identified and insights on emerging prospects are discussed.
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34
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Li X, Wang X, Roy K, van Bokhoven JA, Artiglia L. Role of Water on the Structure of Palladium for Complete Oxidation of Methane. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiansheng Li
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Xing Wang
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Kanak Roy
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jeroen A. van Bokhoven
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Luca Artiglia
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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35
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Negahdar L, Parlett CMA, Isaacs MA, Beale AM, Wilson K, Lee AF. Shining light on the solid–liquid interface: in situ/ operando monitoring of surface catalysis. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy00555j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Many industrially important chemical transformations occur at the interface between a solid catalyst and liquid reactants. In situ and operando spectroscopies offer unique insight into the reactivity of such catalytically active solid–liquid interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher M. A. Parlett
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Analytical Science
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
- Diamond Light Source
| | | | | | - Karen Wilson
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)
- School of Science
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Adam F. Lee
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)
- School of Science
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
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36
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Li T, Roy K, Krumeich F, Artiglia L, Huthwelker T, van Bokhoven JA. Variation of Aluminium Distribution in Small-Sized ZSM-5 Crystals during Desilication. Chemistry 2019; 25:15879-15886. [PMID: 31553090 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Hollow ZSM-5 zeolites of size below one micrometer can be produced by desilication of crystals with aluminium zoning. The parent crystals have a core-shell structure: the core part has nearly no aluminium, whereas the aluminium content in the shell increases when extending to exterior surface. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the preservation of the crystalline shell after base leaching, but could not identify its subtle change. An increase of the Si/Al ratio of the surface was detected upon leaching the parent material to form the hollow zeolite by using ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy of substituted alkylpyridines. 27 Al MAS NMR showed that base leaching results in a reduced percentage of distorted tetrahedrally coordinated aluminium. The reprecipitation of dissolved species occurs and tetrahedrally coordinated tin atoms can thus be introduced to the shell framework. Overall, the formation of hollow ZSM-5 zeolites by desilication involves not only the removal of silicon-rich core, but also a reduced percentage of exterior aluminium-related acid sites, which should be considered while using hollow zeolites in acid-catalyzed reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Li
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kanak Roy
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frank Krumeich
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luca Artiglia
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | - Jeroen A van Bokhoven
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.,Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
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37
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Filez M, Redekop EA, Dendooven J, Ramachandran RK, Solano E, Olsbye U, Weckhuysen BM, Galvita VV, Poelman H, Detavernier C, Marin GB. Formation and Functioning of Bimetallic Nanocatalysts: The Power of X-ray Probes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:13220-13230. [PMID: 30934165 PMCID: PMC6771619 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201902859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Bimetallic nanocatalysts are key enablers of current chemical technologies, including car exhaust converters and fuel cells, and play a crucial role in industry to promote a wide range of chemical reactions. However, owing to significant characterization challenges, insights in the dynamic phenomena that shape and change the working state of the catalyst await further refinement. Herein, we discuss the atomic-scale processes leading to mono- and bimetallic nanoparticle formation and highlight the dynamics and kinetics of lifetime changes in bimetallic catalysts with showcase examples for Pt-based systems. We discuss how in situ and operando X-ray spectroscopy, scattering, and diffraction can be used as a complementary toolbox to interrogate the working principles of today's and tomorrow's bimetallic nanocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Filez
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis groupUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Evgeniy A. Redekop
- Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology (SMN)Department of ChemistryUniversity of OsloP.O box 1126 BlindernC0318OsloNorway
| | - Jolien Dendooven
- Conformal Coatings of Nanomaterials groupGhent UniversityKrijgslaan 281/S19000GhentBelgium
| | | | - Eduardo Solano
- Conformal Coatings of Nanomaterials groupGhent UniversityKrijgslaan 281/S19000GhentBelgium
- NCD-SWEET beamlineALBA synchrotron light sourceCarrer de la Llum 2–2608290, Cerdanyola del VallèsBarcelonaSpain
| | - Unni Olsbye
- Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology (SMN)Department of ChemistryUniversity of OsloP.O box 1126 BlindernC0318OsloNorway
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis groupUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Vladimir V. Galvita
- Laboratory for Chemical TechnologyGhent UniversityTechnologiepark 1259052GhentBelgium
| | - Hilde Poelman
- Laboratory for Chemical TechnologyGhent UniversityTechnologiepark 1259052GhentBelgium
| | - Christophe Detavernier
- Conformal Coatings of Nanomaterials groupGhent UniversityKrijgslaan 281/S19000GhentBelgium
| | - Guy B. Marin
- Laboratory for Chemical TechnologyGhent UniversityTechnologiepark 1259052GhentBelgium
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38
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Filez M, Redekop EA, Dendooven J, Ramachandran RK, Solano E, Olsbye U, Weckhuysen BM, Galvita VV, Poelman H, Detavernier C, Marin GB. Formation and Functioning of Bimetallic Nanocatalysts: The Power of X‐ray Probes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201902859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Filez
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis groupUtrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Evgeniy A. Redekop
- Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology (SMN)Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oslo P.O box 1126 Blindern C0318 Oslo Norway
| | - Jolien Dendooven
- Conformal Coatings of Nanomaterials groupGhent University Krijgslaan 281/S1 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Ranjith K. Ramachandran
- Conformal Coatings of Nanomaterials groupGhent University Krijgslaan 281/S1 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Eduardo Solano
- Conformal Coatings of Nanomaterials groupGhent University Krijgslaan 281/S1 9000 Ghent Belgium
- NCD-SWEET beamlineALBA synchrotron light source Carrer de la Llum 2–26 08290, Cerdanyola del Vallès Barcelona Spain
| | - Unni Olsbye
- Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology (SMN)Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oslo P.O box 1126 Blindern C0318 Oslo Norway
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis groupUtrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Vladimir V. Galvita
- Laboratory for Chemical TechnologyGhent University Technologiepark 125 9052 Ghent Belgium
| | - Hilde Poelman
- Laboratory for Chemical TechnologyGhent University Technologiepark 125 9052 Ghent Belgium
| | - Christophe Detavernier
- Conformal Coatings of Nanomaterials groupGhent University Krijgslaan 281/S1 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Guy B. Marin
- Laboratory for Chemical TechnologyGhent University Technologiepark 125 9052 Ghent Belgium
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39
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Li A, Nicolae SA, Qiao M, Preuss K, Szilágyi PA, Moores A, Titirici M. Homogenous Meets Heterogenous and Electro‐Catalysis: Iron‐Nitrogen Molecular Complexes within Carbon Materials for Catalytic Applications. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201900910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Li
- Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis Department of ChemistryMcGill University 801 Sherbrooke St West Montreal H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Sabina A. Nicolae
- Queen Mary University of LondonSchool of Engineering and Materials Science Mile End Road London E1 4NS UK
| | - Mo Qiao
- Queen Mary University of LondonMaterials Research Institute Mile End Road London E1 4NS UK
| | - Kathrin Preuss
- Queen Mary University of LondonSchool of Engineering and Materials Science Mile End Road London E1 4NS UK
- Queen Mary University of LondonMaterials Research Institute Mile End Road London E1 4NS UK
| | - Petra A. Szilágyi
- Queen Mary University of LondonSchool of Engineering and Materials Science Mile End Road London E1 4NS UK
- Queen Mary University of LondonMaterials Research Institute Mile End Road London E1 4NS UK
| | - Audrey Moores
- Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis Department of ChemistryMcGill University 801 Sherbrooke St West Montreal H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Maria‐Magdalena Titirici
- Queen Mary University of LondonSchool of Engineering and Materials Science Mile End Road London E1 4NS UK
- Queen Mary University of LondonMaterials Research Institute Mile End Road London E1 4NS UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering Imperial College LondonSouth Kensington Campus London SE7 2AZ UK
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40
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Artiglia L, Sushkevich VL, Palagin D, Knorpp AJ, Roy K, van Bokhoven JA. In Situ X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Detects Multiple Active Sites Involved in the Selective Anaerobic Oxidation of Methane in Copper-Exchanged Zeolites. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b01223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Artiglia
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Vitaly L. Sushkevich
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Dennis Palagin
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Amy J. Knorpp
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kanak Roy
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jeroen A. van Bokhoven
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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41
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Roy K, Raabe J, Schifferle P, Finizio S, Kleibert A, van Bokhoven JA, Artiglia L. Design and performance of a new setup for spatially resolved transmission X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy at the Swiss Light Source. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2019; 26:785-792. [PMID: 31074443 PMCID: PMC6510197 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519002984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The successful design, installation and operation of a high spatial resolution X-ray photoelectron spectrometer at the Swiss Light Source is presented. In this instrument, a Fresnel zone plate is used to focus an X-ray beam onto the sample and an electron analyzer positioned at 45° with respect to the incoming beam direction is used to collect photoelectrons from the backside of the sample. By raster scanning the sample, transmitted current, X-ray absorption and X-ray photoemission maps can be simultaneously acquired. This work demonstrates that chemical information can be extracted with micrometre resolution; the results suggest that a spatial resolution better than 100 nm can be achieved with this approach in future. This kind of photoelectron spectromicroscope will allow in situ measurements with high spatial resolution also under ambient pressure conditions (in the millibar range). Element-specific X-ray photoemission maps can be obtained before and while exposing the sample to gas/gas mixtures to show morphological and chemical changes of the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanak Roy
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Joerg Raabe
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Schifferle
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Simone Finizio
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Armin Kleibert
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Jeroen A. van Bokhoven
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Luca Artiglia
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
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Roy K, Artiglia L, Xiao Y, Varma A, van Bokhoven JA. Role of Bismuth in the Stability of Pt–Bi Bimetallic Catalyst for Methane Mediated Deoxygenation of Guaiacol, an APXPS Study. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b04699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanak Roy
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luca Artiglia
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Yang Xiao
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Arvind Varma
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jeroen A. van Bokhoven
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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43
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Soler L, Casanovas A, Ryan J, Angurell I, Escudero C, Pérez-Dieste V, Llorca J. Dynamic Reorganization of Bimetallic Nanoparticles under Reaction Depending on the Support Nanoshape: The Case of RhPd over Ceria Nanocubes and Nanorods under Ethanol Steam Reforming. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lluís Soler
- Institute of Energy Technologies and Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Eduard Maristany 16, EEBE, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Eduard Maristany 16, EEBE, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Casanovas
- Institute of Energy Technologies and Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Eduard Maristany 16, EEBE, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - James Ryan
- Institute of Energy Technologies and Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Eduard Maristany 16, EEBE, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Angurell
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Escudero
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Carretera de la Llum 2-26, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Virginia Pérez-Dieste
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Carretera de la Llum 2-26, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Llorca
- Institute of Energy Technologies and Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Eduard Maristany 16, EEBE, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Eduard Maristany 16, EEBE, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
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44
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Pfaff S, Zhou J, Hejral U, Gustafson J, Shipilin M, Albertin S, Blomberg S, Gutowski O, Dippel A, Lundgren E, Zetterberg J. Combining high-energy X-ray diffraction with Surface Optical Reflectance and Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence for operando catalyst surface characterization. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:033703. [PMID: 30927778 DOI: 10.1063/1.5086925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We have combined three techniques, High Energy Surface X-Ray Diffraction (HESXRD), Surface Optical Reflectance, and Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence in an operando study of CO oxidation over a Pd(100) catalyst. We show that these techniques provide useful new insights such as the ability to verify that the finite region being probed by techniques such as HESXRD is representative of the sample surface as a whole. The combination is also suitable to determine when changes in gas composition or surface structure and/or morphology occur and to subsequently correlate them with high temporal resolution. In the study, we confirm previous results which show that the Pd(100) surface reaches high activity before an oxide can be detected. Furthermore, we show that the single crystal catalyst surface does not behave homogeneously, which we attribute to the surface being exposed to inhomogeneous gas conditions in mass transfer limited scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pfaff
- Combustion Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, Lund 22100, Sweden
| | - J Zhou
- Combustion Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, Lund 22100, Sweden
| | - U Hejral
- Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, Lund 22100, Sweden
| | - J Gustafson
- Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, Lund 22100, Sweden
| | - M Shipilin
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Albertin
- Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, Lund 22100, Sweden
| | - S Blomberg
- Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, Lund 22100, Sweden
| | - O Gutowski
- Photon Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - A Dippel
- Photon Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - E Lundgren
- Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, Lund 22100, Sweden
| | - J Zetterberg
- Combustion Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, Lund 22100, Sweden
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45
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Abstract
The development of novel in situ/operando spectroscopic tools has provided the opportunity for a molecular level understanding of solid/liquid interfaces. Ambient pressure photoelectron spectroscopy using hard X-rays is an excellent interface characterization tool, due to its ability to interrogate simultaneously the chemical composition and built-in electrical potentials, in situ. In this work, we briefly describe the “dip and pull” method, which is currently used as a way to investigate in situ solid/liquid interfaces. By simulating photoelectron intensities from a functionalized TiO2 surface buried by a nanometric-thin layer of water, we obtain the optimal photon energy range that provides the greatest sensitivity to the interface. We also study the evolution of the functionalized TiO2 surface chemical composition and correlated band-bending with a change in the electrolyte pH from 7 to 14. Our results provide general information about the optimal experimental conditions for characterizing the solid/liquid interface using the “dip and pull” method, and the unique possibilities offered by this technique.
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46
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Zhong L, Chen D, Zafeiratos S. A mini review of in situ near-ambient pressure XPS studies on non-noble, late transition metal catalysts. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy00632j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The rich surface chemistry of Fe, Co, Ni and Cu during heterogeneous catalytic reactions from the perspective of NAP-XPS studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zhong
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l’Energie, l’Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES)
- ECPM
- UMR 7515 CNRS – Université de Strasbourg
- 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02
- France
| | - Dingkai Chen
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l’Energie, l’Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES)
- ECPM
- UMR 7515 CNRS – Université de Strasbourg
- 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02
- France
| | - Spyridon Zafeiratos
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l’Energie, l’Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES)
- ECPM
- UMR 7515 CNRS – Université de Strasbourg
- 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02
- France
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47
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Understanding heterogeneous electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction through operando techniques. Nat Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-018-0182-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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