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Matos-Hernández ML, Samples R, Dyer G, Casimir Montán VM, Morales-Colón CA, Salvino JM, Montaner LJ, Cassel JA, Messick TE, Tietjen I, Caro-Diaz EJE. Metabolomic Analysis and Antiviral Screening of a Marine Algae Library Yield Jobosic Acid (2,5-Dimethyltetradecanoic Acid) as a Selective Inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024; 87:1513-1520. [PMID: 38781491 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c01071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Current small-molecule-based SARS-CoV-2 treatments have limited global accessibility and pose the risk of inducing viral resistance. Therefore, a marine algae and cyanobacteria extract library was screened for natural products that could inhibit two well-defined and validated COVID-19 drug targets, disruption of the spike protein/ACE-2 interaction and the main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2. Following initial screening of 86 extracts, we performed an untargeted metabolomic analysis of 16 cyanobacterial extracts. This approach led to the isolation of an unusual saturated fatty acid, jobosic acid (2,5-dimethyltetradecanoic acid, 1). We confirmed that 1 demonstrated selective inhibitory activity toward both viral targets while retaining some activity against the spike-RBD/ACE-2 interaction of the SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant. To initially explore its structure-activity relationship (SAR), the methyl and benzyl ester derivatives of 1 were semisynthetically accessed and demonstrated acute loss of bioactivity in both SARS-CoV-2 biochemical assays. Our efforts have provided copious amounts of a fatty acid natural product that warrants further investigation in terms of SAR, unambiguous determination of its absolute configuration, and understanding of its specific mechanisms of action and binding site toward new therapeutic avenues for SARS-CoV-2 drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie L Matos-Hernández
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00935, United States
| | - Robert Samples
- Center for Mass Spectrometry, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts 01063, United States
| | - Grayce Dyer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00935, United States
| | - Victoria M Casimir Montán
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Sciences College, University of Puerto Rico-Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00925, United States
| | - Chris A Morales-Colón
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Sciences College, University of Puerto Rico-Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00925, United States
| | - Joseph M Salvino
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Luis J Montaner
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Joel A Cassel
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Troy E Messick
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ian Tietjen
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Eduardo J E Caro-Diaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00935, United States
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T FX, R S, A K FR, S B, R K, M A, S V, S P, S A, K S, M T. Phytochemical composition, anti-microbial, anti-oxidant and anti-diabetic effects of Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. leaves: in vitro and in silico assessments. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-27. [PMID: 38180058 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2300124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to screen the chemical components of Solanum elaeagnifolium leaves and assess their therapeutic attributes with regard to their antioxidant, antibacterial, and antidiabetic activities. The antidiabetic effects were explored to determine the α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory potential of the leaf extract. To identify the active antidiabetic drugs from the extracts, the GC-MS-screened molecules were docked with diabetes-related proteins using the glide module in the Schrodinger Tool. In addition, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed for 100 ns to evaluate the binding stability of the docked complex using the Desmond module. The ethyl acetate had a significant total phenolic content (TPC), with a value of 79.04 ± 0.98 mg/g GAE. The ethanol extract was tested for its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for its bacteriostatic properties. It suppressed the growth of B. subtilis, E. coli, P. vulgaris, R. equi and S. epidermis at a dosage of 118.75 µg/mL. Moreover, the IC50 values of the ethanol extract were determined to be 17.78 ± 2.38 in the α-amylase and and 27.90 ± 5.02 µg/mL in α-glucosidase. The in-silico investigation revealed that cyclolaudenol achieved docking scores of -7.94 kcal/mol for α-amylase. Likewise, the α-tocopherol achieved the docking scores of -7.41 kcal/mol for glycogen phosphorylase B and -7.21 kcal/mol for phosphorylase kinase. In the MD simulations, the cyclolaudenol and α-tocopherol complexes exhibited consistently stable affinities with diabetic proteins throughout the trajectory. Based on these findings, we conclude that this plant could be a good source for the development of novel antioxidant, antibacterial, and antidiabetic agents.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Xavier T
- Ethnopharmacological Research Unit, PG and Research Department of Botany, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sabitha R
- Ethnopharmacological Research Unit, PG and Research Department of Botany, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Freeda Rose A K
- PG and Research Department of Botany, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balavivekananthan S
- Ethnopharmacological Research Unit, PG and Research Department of Botany, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kariyat R
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas, Rio Grande Valley, W University Dr, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Ayyanar M
- PG and Research Department of Botany, A.V.V.M. Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), Bharathidasan University, Poondi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vijayakumar S
- PG and Research Department of Botany, A.V.V.M. Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), Bharathidasan University, Poondi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prabhu S
- Division of Phytochemistry and Drug Design, Department of Biosciences, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - Amalraj S
- Division of Phytochemistry and Drug Design, Department of Biosciences, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - Shine K
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thiruvengadam M
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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Zhang Z, Wang L, Zeng D, Ma X, Wang H. Preparation, identification, and application of PEG/ZIF-8@ Dendrobium huoshanense polysaccharide as an adjuvant to enhance immune responses. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 143:109038. [PMID: 37678477 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) nanoparticles loaded with polysaccharides are excellent drug-delivery carriers with high loading capacity and pH sensitivity. This study describes the one-step encapsulation of Dendrobium huoshanense polysaccharides (DHP) in ZIF-8. The resultant PEG6000/ZIF-8@DHP complex exhibited drug release properties in acidic microenvironments, possessed water solubility, demonstrated high drug loading capacity, and displayed effective encapsulation. The effects of PEG6000/ZIF-8@ DHP administration on immunoregulation, antioxidant activities, and resistance against Aeromonas veronii in channel catfish were assessed. The study revealed that the PEG6000/ZIF-8@DHP complex stimulated cellular proliferation and phagocytosis, while also inducing the production of cytokines and nitric oxide. Additionally, the complex exhibited improved antioxidant properties and increased serum lysozyme and alkaline phosphatase activities. PEG6000/ZIF-8@DHP exhibited efficacy in vivo against Aeromonas veronii infection. These results indicate that PEG6000/ZIF-8@DHP is an efficient immunostimulant and vaccine adjuvant for enhancing immunity in channel catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450045, Henan Province, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Dai Zeng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450045, Henan Province, China
| | - Xia Ma
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450045, Henan Province, China.
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4
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Singh U, Gandhi HA, Bhattacharya J, Tandon R, Tiwari GL, Tandon R. Cyanometabolites: molecules with immense antiviral potential. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:164. [PMID: 37012452 PMCID: PMC10069739 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03514-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Cyanometabolites are active compounds derived from cyanobacteria that include small low molecular weight peptides, oligosaccharides, lectins, phenols, fatty acids, and alkaloids. Some of these compounds may pose a threat to human and environment. However, majority of them are known to have various health benefits with antiviral properties against pathogenic viruses including Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Ebola virus (EBOV), Herpes simplex virus (HSV), Influenza A virus (IAV) etc. Cyanometabolites classified as lectins include scytovirin (SVN), Oscillatoria agardhii agglutinin (OAAH), cyanovirin-N (CV-N), Microcystis viridis lectin (MVL), and microvirin (MVN) also possess a potent antiviral activity against viral diseases with unique properties to recognize different viral epitopes. Studies showed that a small linear peptide, microginin FR1, isolated from a water bloom of Microcystis species, inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), making it useful for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Our review provides an overview of the antiviral properties of cyanobacteria from the late 90s till now and emphasizes the significance of their metabolites in combating viral diseases, particularly severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has received limited attention in previous publications. The enormous medicinal potential of cyanobacteria is also emphasized in this review, which justifies their use as a dietary supplement to fend off pandemics in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Singh
- Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India
| | - Harsh A Gandhi
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Jaydeep Bhattacharya
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Ravi Tandon
- Laboratory of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - G L Tiwari
- Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India
| | - Richa Tandon
- Department of Botany, S. S. Khanna Girls Degree College, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211003, India.
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Samy CRA, Karunanithi K, Sheshadhri J, Rengarajan M, Srinivasan P, Cherian P. ( R)-(+)-Rosmarinic Acid as an Inhibitor of Herpes and Dengue Virus Replication: an In Silico Assessment. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA 2023; 33:543-550. [PMID: 37151219 PMCID: PMC9994773 DOI: 10.1007/s43450-023-00381-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
Since ancient times, viruses such as dengue, herpes, Ebola, AIDS, influenza, chicken meat, and SARS have been roaming around causing great health burdens. Currently, the prescribed antiviral drugs have not cured the complications caused by viruses, whereas viral replication was not controlled by them. The treatments suggested are not only ineffectual, but also sometimes inefficient against viruses at all stages of the viral cycle as well. To fight against these contagious viruses, people rely heavily on medicinal plants to enhance their innate and adaptive immune systems. In this research, the preparation of ligands and proteins was performed using the Maestro V.13.2 module tool. This software, consisting of LigPrep, Grid Generation, SiteMap, and Glide XP, has each contributed significantly to the preparation of ligands and proteins. Ultimately, the research found that (R)-(+)-rosmarinic acid was found to have significant docking scores of − 10.847 for herpes virus, of − 10.033 for NS5, and − 7.259 for NS1. In addition, the Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances (PASS) server indicates that rosmarinic acid possesses a diverse spectrum of enzymatic activities, as probability active (Pa) values start at > 0.751, whereas it has fewer adverse effects than the drugs prescribed for viruses. Accordingly, it was found the rate of acute toxicity values of (R)-(+)-rosmarinic acid at doses LD50 log10 (mmol/g) and LD50 (mg/g) in different routes of administration, such as intraperitoneal, intravenous, oral, and subcutaneous. Ultimately, the present study concluded that (R)-(+)-rosmarinic acid would expose significant antiviral effects in in vitro and in vivo experiments, and this research would be a valuable asset for the future, especially for those who wish to discover a drug molecule for a variety of viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy Rani Arokia Samy
- Department of Chemistry, Thiru. Vi. Ka. Government Arts College, Kidarankondan, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu India 610 003
| | - Kalaimathi Karunanithi
- Department of Chemistry, Government College of Engineering, Sengipatti, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu India 613 402
| | - Jayasree Sheshadhri
- Department of Chemistry, Prince Shri Venkateshwara Padmavathy Engineering College, Ponmar, Chennai, 600 127 India
| | - Murugesan Rengarajan
- Department of Zoology, Annai Vailankanni Arts and Science College, Bishop Sundaram Campus, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu 613 007 India
| | - Prabhu Srinivasan
- Department of Botany, Annai Vailankanni Arts and Science College, Bishop Sundaram Campus, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu 613 007 India
| | - Pinkie Cherian
- Department of Botany, St Joseph’s College for Women, Alappuzha, Kerala 688 001 India
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Kalaimathi K, Rani JMJ, Vijayakumar S, Prakash N, Karthikeyan K, Thiyagarajan G, Bhavani K, Prabhu S, Varatharaju G. Anti-dengue Potential of Mangiferin: Intricate Network of Dengue to Human Genes. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA 2022; 32:410-420. [PMID: 35572718 PMCID: PMC9078210 DOI: 10.1007/s43450-022-00258-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dengue fever has become one of the deadliest infectious diseases and requires the development of effective antiviral therapies. It is caused by members of the Flaviviridae family, which also cause various infections in humans, including dengue fever, tick-borne encephalitis, West Nile fever, and yellow fever. In addition, since 2019, dengue-endemic regions have been grappling with the public health and socio-economic impact of the ongoing coronavirus disease 19. Co-infections of coronavirus and dengue fever cause serious health complications for people who also have difficulty managing them. To identify the potentials of mangiferin, a molecular docking with various dengue virus proteins was performed. In addition, to understand the gene interactions between human and dengue genes, Cytoscape was used in this research. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes software was used to find the paths of Flaviviridae. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and the Reactome Pathway Library were used to understand the biochemical processes involved. The present results show that mangiferin shows efficient docking scores and that it has good binding affinities with all docked proteins. The exact biological functions of type I interferon, such as interferon-α and interferon-β, were also shown in detail through the enrichment analysis of the signaling pathway. According to the docking results, it was concluded that mangiferin could be an effective drug against the complications of dengue virus 1, dengue virus 3, and non-structural protein 5. In addition, computational biological studies lead to the discovery of a new antiviral bioactive molecule and also to a deeper understanding of viral replication in the human body. Ultimately, the current research will be an important resource for those looking to use mangiferin as an anti-dengue drug.
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