1
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Schröder P, Obendorf D, Bechtold T. Electrochemistry of Iron(II/III)‐N,N'‐ethylene‐bis‐(o‐hydroxyphenylglycine) Complexes in Aqueous Solution Indicates Potential for Use in Redox Flow Batteries. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201900658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Schröder
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and RadiochemistryLeopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck Innrain 80–82 A-6020 Innsbruck
| | - Dagmar Obendorf
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and RadiochemistryLeopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck Innrain 80–82 A-6020 Innsbruck
| | - Thomas Bechtold
- Institute for Textile Chemistry and Textile PhysicsLeopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck Hoechsterstrasse 73 A-6850 Dornbirn
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2
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Chen Z, Tang YT, Yao AJ, Cao J, Wu ZH, Peng ZR, Wang SZ, Xiao S, Baker AJM, Qiu RL. Mitigation of Cd accumulation in paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.) by Fe fertilization. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 231:549-559. [PMID: 28843203 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium uptake in rice is believed to be mediated by the Fe transport system. Phyto-available Cd can be changed by Fe fertilization of substrates. This work investigated whether and how Fe fertilization affects mitigation of Cd accumulation in paddy rice. A 90-d soil column experiment was conducted to study the change of Cd and Fe availability in soil after Fe fertilization (ionic and chelated Fe). A low-Cd accumulating cultivar (TY116) and a high-Cd accumulating cultivar (JY841) were grown in two Cd-polluted paddy soils amended with chelated Fe fertilizers. Additionally, both cultivars were grown in hydroponics to compare Fe-related gene expression in EDDHAFe-deficient and EDDHAFe-sufficient roots. The column experiment showed that EDTANa2Fe(II) and EDDHAFe(III) fertilization had a better mitigation effect on soil Cd availability compared to FeSO4·7H2O. Moreover, the field experiment demonstrated that these two chelated fertilizations could reduce Cd concentrations in brown rice by up to 80%. Iron concentrations in the brown rice were elevated by Fe chelates. Compared to EDDHAFe(III), EDTANa2Fe(II) fertilization had a stronger mitigation effect by generating more EDTANa2Cd(II) in the soil solution to decrease phyto-available Cd in the soil. While EDDHAFe(III) fertilization could increase soil pH and decrease soil Eh which contributed to decreasing phyto-available Cd in a contaminated soil. In the hydroponic experiment, Fe sufficiency significantly reduced Cd concentrations in above-ground organs. In some cases, the expression of OsIRT1, OsNRAMP1 and OsNRAMP5 was inhibited under Fe sufficiency relative to Fe deficiency conditions. These results suggest that mitigation of rice Cd by Fe chelate fertilization results from a decrease in available Cd in substrates and the inhibition of the expression of several Fe-related genes in the IRT and NRAMP families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Ye-Tao Tang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
| | - Ai-Jun Yao
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Jian Cao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Zhuo-Hao Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Zhe-Ran Peng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Shi-Zhong Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Shi Xiao
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Alan J M Baker
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Rong-Liang Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou 510275, PR China
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Kobylarz MJ, Heieis GA, Loutet SA, Murphy MEP. Iron Uptake Oxidoreductase (IruO) Uses a Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide Semiquinone Intermediate for Iron-Siderophore Reduction. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:1778-1786. [PMID: 28463500 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Many pathogenic bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus use iron-chelating siderophores to acquire iron. Iron uptake oxidoreductase (IruO), a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-containing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-dependent reductase from S. aureus, functions as a reductase for IsdG and IsdI, two paralogous heme degrading enzymes. Also, the gene encoding for IruO was shown to be required for growth of S. aureus on hydroxamate siderophores as a sole iron source. Here, we show that IruO binds the hydroxamate-type siderophores desferrioxamine B and ferrichrome A with low micromolar affinity and in the presence of NADPH, Fe(II) was released. Steady-state kinetics of Fe(II) release provides kcat/Km values in the range of 600 to 7000 M-1 s-1 for these siderophores supporting a role for IruO as a siderophore reductase in iron utilization. Crystal structures of IruO were solved in two distinct conformational states mediated by the formation of an intramolecular disulfide bond. A putative siderophore binding site was identified adjacent to the FAD cofactor. This site is partly occluded in the oxidized IruO structure consistent with this form being less active than reduced IruO. This reduction in activity could have a physiological role to limit iron release under oxidative stress conditions. Visible spectroscopy of anaerobically reduced IruO showed that the reaction proceeds by a single electron transfer mechanism through an FAD semiquinone intermediate. From the data, a model for single electron siderophore reduction by IruO using NADPH is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek J. Kobylarz
- The Department of Microbiology
and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3; Canada
| | - Graham A. Heieis
- The Department of Microbiology
and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3; Canada
| | - Slade A. Loutet
- The Department of Microbiology
and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3; Canada
| | - Michael E. P. Murphy
- The Department of Microbiology
and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3; Canada
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Chen Z, Tang YT, Zhou C, Xie ST, Xiao S, Baker AJM, Qiu RL. Mechanisms of Fe biofortification and mitigation of Cd accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) grown hydroponically with Fe chelate fertilization. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 175:275-285. [PMID: 28232138 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium contaminated rice from China has become a global food safety issue. Some research has suggested that chelate addition to substrates can affect metal speciation and plant metal content. We investigated the mitigation of Cd accumulation in hydroponically-grown rice supplied with EDTANa2Fe(II) or EDDHAFe(III). A japonica rice variety (Nipponbare) was grown in modified Kimura B solution containing three concentrations (0, 10, 100 μΜ) of the iron chelates EDTANa2Fe(II) or EDDHAFe(III) and 1 μΜ Cd. Metal speciation in solution was simulated by Geochem-EZ; growth and photosynthetic efficiency of rice were evaluated, and accumulation of Cd and Fe in plant parts was determined. Net Cd fluxes in the meristematic zone, growth zone, and maturation zone of roots were monitored by a non-invasive micro-test technology. Expression of Fe- and Cd-related genes in Fe-sufficient or Fe-deficient roots and leaves were studied by QRT-PCR. Compared to Fe deficiency, a sufficient or excess supply of Fe chelates significantly enhanced rice growth by elevating photosynthetic efficiency. Both Fe chelates increased the Fe content and decreased the Cd content of rice organs, except for the Cd content of roots treated with excess EDDHAFe(III). Compared to EDDHAFe(III), EDTANa2Fe(II) exhibited better mitigation of Cd accumulation in rice by generating the EDTANa2Cd complex in solution, decreasing net Cd influx and increasing net Cd efflux in root micro-zones. Application of EDTANa2Fe(II) and EDDHAFe(III) also reduced Cd accumulation in rice by inhibiting expression of genes involved in transport of Fe and Cd in the xylem and phloem. The 'win-win' situation of Fe biofortification and Cd mitigation in rice was achieved by application of Fe chelates. Root-to-stem xylem transport of Cd and redistribution of Cd in leaves by phloem transport can be regulated in rice through the use of Fe chelates that influence Fe availability and Fe-related gene expression. Fe fertilization decreased Cd influx and increased Cd efflux in rice roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Ye-Tao Tang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
| | - Can Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Shu-Ting Xie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Shi Xiao
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Alan J M Baker
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Rong-Liang Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
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5
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Alcañiz S, Jordá JD, Cerdán M. Effectiveness of Iron Ethylenediamine-N,N'-bis(hydroxyphenylacetic) Acid (o,o-EDDHA/Fe 3+) Formulations with Different Ratios of Meso and d,l-Racemic Isomers as Iron Fertilizers. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:253-259. [PMID: 27992188 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Two o,o-EDDHA/Fe3+ formulations (meso, 93.5% w/w of meso isomer; and d,l-racemic, 91.3% w/w of d,l-racemic mixture) were prepared, and their efficacy to avoid or to relieve iron deficiency in Fe-sufficient and Fe-deficient tomato plants grown on hydroponic solution was compared with that of the current o,o-EDDHA/Fe3+ formulations (50% of meso and d,l-racemic isomers). The effectiveness of the three o,o-EDDHA/Fe3+ formulations was different depending on the iron nutritional status of plants. The three o,o-EDDHA/Fe3+ formulations tested were effective in preventing iron chlorosis in healthy plants. However, the higher the meso concentration in the formulations, the higher the effectiveness in the recovery of iron chlorotic plants from iron deficiency. Accordingly, o,o-EDDHA/Fe3+ formulations rich in meso isomer are recommended in hydroponic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Alcañiz
- Agrochemistry and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante , 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - Juana D Jordá
- Agrochemistry and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante , 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - Mar Cerdán
- Agrochemistry and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante , 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
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Santos CS, Carvalho SMP, Leite A, Moniz T, Roriz M, Rangel AOSS, Rangel M, Vasconcelos MW. Effect of tris(3-hydroxy-4-pyridinonate) iron(III) complexes on iron uptake and storage in soybean (Glycine max L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 106:91-100. [PMID: 27156133 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC) is a serious environmental problem affecting the growth of several crops in the world. The application of synthetic Fe(III) chelates is still one of the most common measures to correct IDC and the search for more effective Fe chelates remains an important issue. Herein, we propose a tris(3-hydroxy-4-pyridinonate) iron(III) complex, Fe(mpp)3, as an IDC corrector. Different morphological, biochemical and molecular parameters were assessed as a first step towards understanding its mode of action, compared with that of the commercial fertilizer FeEDDHA. Plants treated with the pyridinone iron(III) complexes were significantly greener and had increased biomass. The total Fe content was measured using ICP-OES and plants treated with pyridinone complexes accumulated about 50% more Fe than those treated with the commercial chelate. In particular, plants supplied with compound Fe(mpp)3 were able to translocate iron from the roots to the shoots and did not elicit the expression of the Fe-stress related genes FRO2 and IRT1. These results suggest that 3,4-HPO iron(III) chelates could be a potential new class of plant fertilizing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla S Santos
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana M P Carvalho
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal; GreenUP/CITAB-UP & DGAOT, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 7, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Andreia Leite
- REQUIMTE-UCIBIO, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4069-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tânia Moniz
- REQUIMTE-UCIBIO, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4069-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Roriz
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - António O S S Rangel
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Rangel
- REQUIMTE-UCIBIO, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Marta W Vasconcelos
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal.
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7
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Escudero R, Gómez-Gallego M, Romano S, Fernández I, Gutiérrez-Alonso Á, Sierra MA, López-Rayo S, Nadal P, Lucena JJ. Biological activity of Fe(iii) aquo-complexes towards ferric chelate reductase (FCR). Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:2272-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob06754d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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López-Rayo S, Lucena JJ, Laghi L, Cremonini MA. Demetalation of Fe, Mn, and Cu chelates and complexes: application to the NMR analysis of micronutrient fertilizers. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:13110-13116. [PMID: 22077518 DOI: 10.1021/jf203602a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The application of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) for the quality control of fertilizers based on Fe(3+), Mn(2+), and Cu(2+) chelates and complexes is precluded by the strong paramagnetism of metals. Recently, a method based on the use of ferrocyanide has been described to remove iron from commercial iron chelates based on the o,o-EDDHA [ethylenediamine-N,N'bis(2-hydroxyphenylacetic)acid] chelating agent for their analysis and quantification by NMR. The present work extended that procedure to other paramagnetic ions, manganese and copper, and other chelating, EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), IDHA [N-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-d,l-aspartic acid], and complexing agents, gluconate and heptagluconate. Results showed that the removal of the paramagnetic ions was complete, allowing us to obtain (1)H NMR spectra characterized by narrow peaks. The quantification of the ligands by NMR and high-performance liquid chromatography showed that their complete recovery was granted. The NMR analysis enabled detection and quantification of unknown impurities without the need of pure compounds as internal standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra López-Rayo
- Departamento de Química Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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9
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Hernández-Apaolaza L, Lucena JJ. Influence of irradiation time and solution concentration on the photochemical degradation of EDDHA/Fe3+: effect of its photodecomposition products on soybean growth. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2011; 91:2024-30. [PMID: 21495040 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Revised: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethylenediamine-N, N'-bis(2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (EDDHA) is one of the most efficient iron-chelating agents employed to relieve iron chlorosis in plants. It has been well known for decades that this compound is photosensitive, but in spite of this fact its degradation pathways are virtually unknown. The aim of this work was to evaluate how the length of sunlight exposure and the concentration of irradiated EDDHA/Fe(3+) solutions influence the photostability of the chelate at constant pH. Moreover, the possible toxic effect of the chelate photodegradation products, elsewhere proposed, on soybean growth has been tested. RESULTS The photodecomposition of the chelate increased as the time of sunlight exposure increased, and resulted in a partial decomposition of the organic ligand. Moreover, EDDHA/Fe(3+) photodecomposition was highly correlated with the concentration of solution exposed. Plants did not present differences in recovery from chlorosis among treatments with and without decomposition products. CONCLUSIONS EDDHA/Fe(3+) undergoes photodegradation, like other aminopolycarboxylic acids, being more degraded as solution concentration decreases and exposure time increases. The photodecomposition products salicylic acid, salicylaldehide and Salicylaldehyde ethylenediamine diimine tested did not have negative effects on soybean growth, at least in the short-term hydroponic experimental design tested.
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Schenkeveld WDC, Reichwein AM, Bugter MHJ, Temminghoff EJM, van Riemsdijk WH. Performance of soil-applied FeEDDHA isomers in delivering Fe to soybean plants in relation to the moment of application. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:12833-9. [PMID: 21090566 DOI: 10.1021/jf102011w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
FeEDDHA (iron(3+) ethylenediamine-N,N'-bis(hydroxyphenylacetic acid) products are commonly applied to mend and prevent Fe deficiency chlorosis in soil-grown crops. Plants mainly take up Fe in the progressed vegetative and in the reproductive stages. This study examined which of the principal constituents of FeEDDHA products (the isomers racemic o,o-FeEDDHA, meso o,o-FeEDDHA, and o,p-FeEDDHA), most effectively meets the Fe requirements of soybean plants (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) grown on calcareous soil in the aforementioned growth stages. FeEDDHA isomers were applied once, separately or in mixtures, at t = 0, in the progressed vegetative stage or in the reproductive stage. o,p-FeEDDHA did not significantly contribute to Fe uptake in either growth stage. Both racemic and meso o,o-FeEDDHA were effective in supplying plants with Fe, approximately to the same extent. The moment of application had a significant effect on yield and FeEDDHA pore water concentrations at harvest, but not on Fe uptake. To optimize yield while minimizing FeEDDHA dosage, FeEDDHA is best applied to soybean plants prior to the onset of chorosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter D C Schenkeveld
- Department of Soil Quality, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 57, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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11
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Lis S, Kaczmarek M, Staninski K, Krompiec S, Kuznik N. Kinetic and spectral studies of EHPG systems using chemi- and electrochemiluminescence methods. J RARE EARTH 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1002-0721(09)60216-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Ylivainio K. Effects of iron(III)chelates on the solubility of heavy metals in calcareous soils. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2010; 158:3194-200. [PMID: 20674111 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2010.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2009] [Revised: 06/30/2010] [Accepted: 07/05/2010] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study I evaluated the effects of complexing agents on the solubility of heavy metals in an incubation experiment up to 56 days when complexing agents were applied as Fe-chelates (Fe-EDDS(S,S), Fe-EDDS(mix), Fe-EDTA and Fe-EDDHA) on calcareous soils at a level sufficient to correct Fe chlorosis (0.1 mmol kg(-1)). Of these ligands, EDDHA was the most efficient in keeping Fe in water-soluble form, and EDDS increased the solubility of Cu and Zn most, and only EDTA increased the solubility of Cd and Pb. EDTA increased the solubility of Ni steadily during the incubation period, equalling about 5-8% of the added EDTA concentration. [S,S]-EDDS was biodegraded within 56 days, whereas EDDS(mix) was less biodegradable. Ni-chelates were the most recalcitrant against biodegradation. The study shows that even a moderate input of chelates to soil increases the solubility of toxic heavy metals and their risk of leaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Ylivainio
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
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13
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Chen YL, Wang L, Yu LX, Fan Y, Shi J, Yang H, Jiang JH, Wang W, Zhang P, Zhang LR. Two lead coordination polymers with nitrilotriacetic acid and oxydiacetic acid: synthesis, characterization, and crystal structure. J COORD CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2010.497917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Li Chen
- a Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Department of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130012, China
| | - Li Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Department of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130012, China
| | - Lian-Xiang Yu
- a Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Department of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yong Fan
- a Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Department of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jing Shi
- b School of Chemical and Material, Dalian Polytechnic University , Dalian 116034, China
| | - Hong Yang
- a Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Department of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jin-Hua Jiang
- a Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Department of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130012, China
| | - Wei Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Department of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130012, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- a Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Department of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130012, China
| | - Li-Rong Zhang
- a Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Department of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130012, China
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14
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Orera I, Rodríguez-Castrillón JA, Moldovan M, García-Alonso JI, Abadía A, Abadía J, Álvarez-Fernández A. Using a dual-stable isotope tracer method to study the uptake, xylem transport and distribution of Fe and its chelating agent from stereoisomers of an Fe(iii)-chelate used as fertilizer in Fe-deficient Strategy I plants. Metallomics 2010; 2:646-57. [DOI: 10.1039/c0mt00018c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Kwon DH, Versalovic J. Fur-independent induction of Helicobacter pylori flavodoxin-encoding gene (fldA) under iron starvation. Helicobacter 2009; 14:141-6. [PMID: 19298342 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2009.00669.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with a variety of diseases including gastric cancer. Flavodoxin is an electron transfer protein containing a flavin mononucleotide prosthetic group and substituted an iron-containing electron transfer protein under iron-limiting conditions. H. pylori flavodoxin has been reported but its pathogenic role is unclear. The aim of this study is to understand a pathogenic role of H. pylori flavodoxin under iron-limiting condition. METHODS The flavodoxin-encoding gene (fldA) was cloned from one of clinical H. pylori isolates (DU17) and its transcript was quantified by primer extension, Northern hybridization, and real-time polymerase chain reaction in different concentrations of an iron chelator. The fldA transcript was also quantified in H. pylori ATCC 700392, lacking a ferric uptake regulatory (fur) protein. RESULT Nucleotide sequence of the fldA from H. pylori DU17 revealed a 492-bp (164 amino acids) open reading frame with a deduced amino acid sequence having 97% identity to that from the complete genomic sequence of H. pylori 26695. The deduced promoter [-35, -10, and +1] of the fldA was 56-bp upstream from the first codon of FldA. The fldA transcript (approximately 0.55-kb) was induced up to 14-fold in both wild-type and fur-knocked-out strains under iron-limiting conditions, suggesting that the fldA induction is independent to the Fur protein. CONCLUSION The fldA gene may play an important role in iron starvation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong H Kwon
- Department of Biology, Long Island University, Brooklyn, New York 11201, USA.
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Tinoco AD, Incarvito CD, Valentine AM. Calorimetric, spectroscopic, and model studies provide insight into the transport of Ti(IV) by human serum transferrin. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:3444-54. [PMID: 17315875 DOI: 10.1021/ja068149j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that transferrin can bind Ti(IV) in an unhydrolyzed form (without bound hydroxide or oxide) or in a hydrolyzed form. Ti(IV) coordination by N,N'-di(o-hydroxybenzyl)ethylenediamine-N,N'-diacetic acid (HBED) at different pH values models the two forms of Ti(IV)-loaded transferrin spectrally and structurally. 13C NMR and stopped-flow kinetic experiments reveal that when the metal is delivered to the protein using an unhydrolyzed source, Ti(IV) can coordinate in the typical distorted octahedral environment with a bound synergistic anion. The crystal structure of TiHBED obtained at low pH models this type of coordination. The solution structure of the complex compares favorably with the solid state from pH 3.0 to 4.0, and the complex can be reduced with E1/2 = -641 mV vs NHE. Kinetic and thermodynamic competition studies at pH 3.0 reveal that Ti(citrate)3 reacts with HBED via a dissociative mechanism and that the stability of TiHBED (log beta = 34.024) is weaker than that of the Fe(III) complex. pH stability studies show that Ti(IV) hydrolyzes ligand waters at higher pH but still remains bound to HBED until pH 9.5. Similarly, at a pH greater than 8.0 the synergistic anion that binds Ti(IV) in transferrin is readily displaced by irreversible metal hydrolysis although the metal remains bound to the protein until pH 9.5. Thermal denaturation studies conducted optically and by differential scanning calorimetry reveal that Ti(IV)-bound transferrin experiences only minimal enhanced thermal stability unlike when Fe(III) is bound. The C- and N-lobe transition Tm values shift to a few degrees higher. The stability, competition, and redox studies performed provide insight into the possible mechanism of Ti2-Tf transport in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur D Tinoco
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, USA
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Gómez-Gallego M, Fernández I, Pellico D, Gutiérrez A, Sierra MA, Lucena JJ. On the Structure and Spin States of Fe(III)-EDDHA Complexes. Inorg Chem 2006; 45:5321-7. [PMID: 16813395 DOI: 10.1021/ic0520723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
DFT methods are suitable for predicting both the geometries and spin states of EDDHA-Fe(III) complexes. Thus, extensive DFT computational studies have shown that the racemic-Fe(III) EDDHA complex is more stable than the meso isomer, regardless of the spin state of the central iron atom. A comparison of the energy values obtained for the complexes under study has also shown that high-spin (S = 5/2) complexes are more stable than low-spin (S = 1/2) ones. These computational results matched the experimental results of the magnetic susceptibility values of both isomers. In both cases, their behavior has been fitted as being due to isolated high-spin Fe(III) in a distorted octahedral environment. The study of the correlation diagram also confirms the high-spin iron in complex 2b. The geometry optimization of these complexes performed with the standard 3-21G* basis set for hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen and the Hay-Wadt small-core effective core potential (ECP) including a double-xi valence basis set for iron, followed by single-point energy refinement with the 6-31G* basis set, is suitable for predicting both the geometries and the spin-states of EDDHA-Fe(III) complexes. The presence of a high-spin iron in Fe(III)-EDDHA complexes could be the key to understanding their lack of reactivity in electron-transfer processes, either chemically or electrochemically induced, and their resistance to photodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Gómez-Gallego
- Departamento de Química Organica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Hernández-Apaolaza L, García-Marco S, Nadal P, Lucena JJ, Sierra MA, Gómez-Gallego M, Ramírez-López P, Escudero R. Structure and fertilizer properties of byproducts formed in the synthesis of EDDHA. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2006; 54:4355-63. [PMID: 16756367 DOI: 10.1021/jf0605749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of commercial EDDHA produces o,o-EDDHA as the main reaction product, together with a mixture of regioisomers (o,p-EDDHA and p,p-EDDHA) and other unknown byproducts also able to complex Fe3+. These compounds have been obtained by direct synthesis, and their structures have been determined by ESI-MS analysis as oligomeric EDDHA-like products, formed by polysubstitution in the phenolic rings. Short-term experiments show that the iron complexes of samples enriched in these oligomeric byproducts have adequate stability in solution, but a significant amount of them is lost after interaction with soils and soil materials. Mildly chlorotic cucumber plants are able to reduce iron better from o,p-EDDHA/Fe3+ than from the iron complexes of the oligomeric byproducts. In hydroponics, the chlorotic soybean susceptible plants have a lower potential for Fe absorption from these byproducts than from o,o-EDDHA/Fe3+ and from o,p-EDDHA/Fe3+. In the studied conditions, the iron chelates of EDDHA byproducts do not have the long-lasting effect shown by o,o-EDDHA/Fe3+ and present a less efficient fast-action effect than the o,p-EDDHA/Fe3+.
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