1
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Chen TY, Hsiao YW, Baker-Fales M, Cameli F, Dimitrakellis P, Vlachos DG. Microflow chemistry and its electrification for sustainable chemical manufacturing. Chem Sci 2022; 13:10644-10685. [PMID: 36320706 PMCID: PMC9491096 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01684b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustainability is vital in solving global societal problems. Still, it requires a holistic view by considering renewable energy and carbon sources, recycling waste streams, environmentally friendly resource extraction and handling, and green manufacturing. Flow chemistry at the microscale can enable continuous sustainable manufacturing by opening up new operating windows, precise residence time control, enhanced mixing and transport, improved yield and productivity, and inherent safety. Furthermore, integrating microfluidic systems with alternative energy sources, such as microwaves and plasmas, offers tremendous promise for electrifying and intensifying modular and distributed chemical processing. This review provides an overview of microflow chemistry, electrification, their integration toward sustainable manufacturing, and their application to biomass upgrade (a select number of other processes are also touched upon). Finally, we identify critical areas for future research, such as matching technology to the scale of the application, techno-economic analysis, and life cycle assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Ying Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware 150 Academy Street Newark Delaware 19716 USA
| | - Yung Wei Hsiao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware 150 Academy Street Newark Delaware 19716 USA
| | - Montgomery Baker-Fales
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware 150 Academy Street Newark Delaware 19716 USA
| | - Fabio Cameli
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware 150 Academy Street Newark Delaware 19716 USA
| | - Panagiotis Dimitrakellis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware 150 Academy Street Newark Delaware 19716 USA
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, RAPID Manufacturing Institute, Delaware Energy Institute (DEI), University of Delaware 221 Academy St. Newark Delaware 19716 USA
| | - Dionisios G Vlachos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware 150 Academy Street Newark Delaware 19716 USA
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, RAPID Manufacturing Institute, Delaware Energy Institute (DEI), University of Delaware 221 Academy St. Newark Delaware 19716 USA
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2
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Neyt NC, Riley DL. Application of reactor engineering concepts in continuous flow chemistry: a review. REACT CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00004g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The adoption of flow technology for the manufacture of chemical entities, and in particular pharmaceuticals, has seen rapid growth over the past two decades with the technology now blurring the lines between chemistry and chemical engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C. Neyt
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pretoria
- South Africa
| | - Darren L. Riley
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pretoria
- South Africa
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3
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Weidmann N, Harenberg JH, Knochel P. Continuous Flow Preparation of (Hetero)benzylic Lithiums via Iodine-Lithium Exchange Reaction under Barbier Conditions. Org Lett 2020; 22:5895-5899. [PMID: 32701295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report the generation of benzylic lithiums via an iodine-lithium exchange reaction on benzylic iodides performed in continuous flow using tBuLi as the exchange reagent. The resulting benzylic lithium species are trapped in situ by carbonyl electrophiles under Barbier conditions, resulting in benzylic secondary and tertiary alcohols. This flow procedure further allows the generation of highly reactive heterobenzylic lithium compounds, which are difficult to generate under batch conditions. A general scale-up was possible without further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Weidmann
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Johannes H Harenberg
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
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4
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Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling Using Monolithic Pd Reactors and Scaling-Up by Series Connection of the Reactors. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9030300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The space integration of the lithiation of aryl halides, the borylation of aryllithiums, and Suzuki–Miyaura coupling using a Pd catalyst supported by a polymer monolith flow reactor without using an intentionally added base was achieved. To scale up the process, a series connection of the monolith Pd reactor was examined. To suppress the increase in the pressure drop caused by the series connection, a monolith reactor having larger pore sizes was developed by varying the temperature of the monolith preparation. The monolithic Pd reactor having larger pore sizes enabled Suzuki–Miyaura coupling at a higher flow rate because of a lower pressure drop and, therefore, an increase in productivity. The present study indicates that series connection of the reactors with a higher flow rate serves as a good method for increasing the productivity without decreasing the yields.
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Barham JP, Koyama E, Norikane Y, Ohneda N, Yoshimura T. Microwave Flow: A Perspective on Reactor and Microwave Configurations and the Emergence of Tunable Single‐Mode Heating Toward Large‐Scale Applications. CHEM REC 2018; 19:188-203. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P. Barham
- Electronics and Photonics Research InstituteNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568 Japan
| | - Emiko Koyama
- Electronics and Photonics Research InstituteNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568 Japan
| | - Yasuo Norikane
- Electronics and Photonics Research InstituteNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568 Japan
| | - Noriyuki Ohneda
- SAIDA FDS, INC. 143-10 Isshiki Yaizu, Shizuoka 425-0054 Japan
| | - Takeo Yoshimura
- SAIDA FDS, INC. 143-10 Isshiki Yaizu, Shizuoka 425-0054 Japan
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6
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Koyama E, Ito N, Sugiyama JI, Barham JP, Norikane Y, Azumi R, Ohneda N, Ohno Y, Yoshimura T, Odajima H, Okamoto T. A continuous-flow resonator-type microwave reactor for high-efficiency organic synthesis and Claisen rearrangement as a model reaction. J Flow Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s41981-018-0021-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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7
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Monguchi Y, Ichikawa T, Yamada T, Sawama Y, Sajiki H. Continuous-Flow Suzuki-Miyaura and Mizoroki-Heck Reactions under Microwave Heating Conditions. CHEM REC 2018; 19:3-14. [PMID: 30182484 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Microwave-assisted continuous-flow reactions have attracted significant interest from synthetic organic chemists, especially process chemists from practical points of view, due to a less complicated shift to large-scale synthesis based on simple and continuous access to products with low energy requirements. In this personal account, we focused on the Suzuki-Miyaura and Mizoroki-Heck reactions, both of which are significantly important cross-coupling reactions for the synthesis of various functional materials. Microwave power is effective for heating. Typical homogeneous palladium catalysts, such as PdCl2 (PPh3 )2 , Pd(PPh3 )4 , and Pd(OAc)2 , as well as heterogeneous palladium catalysts, such as Pd-film, Pd/Al2 O3 , Pd/SiO2 , and Pd supported on polymers, can be used for these reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunari Monguchi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan.,Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, 22-1 Tamagawa-cho, Minami-ku, Fukuoka, 815-8511, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ichikawa
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Yamada
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Sawama
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Hironao Sajiki
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
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8
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Tagliapietra S, Calcio Gaudino E, Martina K, Barge A, Cravotto G. Microwave Irradiation in Micro‐ Meso‐Fluidic Systems; Hybrid Technology has Issued the Challenge. CHEM REC 2018; 19:98-117. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Tagliapietra
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del FarmacoUniversity of Turin Via Giuria 9 10125- Turin Italy
| | - Emanuela Calcio Gaudino
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del FarmacoUniversity of Turin Via Giuria 9 10125- Turin Italy
| | - Katia Martina
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del FarmacoUniversity of Turin Via Giuria 9 10125- Turin Italy
| | - Alessandro Barge
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del FarmacoUniversity of Turin Via Giuria 9 10125- Turin Italy
| | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del FarmacoUniversity of Turin Via Giuria 9 10125- Turin Italy
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9
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Plutschack MB, Pieber B, Gilmore K, Seeberger PH. The Hitchhiker's Guide to Flow Chemistry ∥. Chem Rev 2017; 117:11796-11893. [PMID: 28570059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1033] [Impact Index Per Article: 147.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Flow chemistry involves the use of channels or tubing to conduct a reaction in a continuous stream rather than in a flask. Flow equipment provides chemists with unique control over reaction parameters enhancing reactivity or in some cases enabling new reactions. This relatively young technology has received a remarkable amount of attention in the past decade with many reports on what can be done in flow. Until recently, however, the question, "Should we do this in flow?" has merely been an afterthought. This review introduces readers to the basic principles and fundamentals of flow chemistry and critically discusses recent flow chemistry accounts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Plutschack
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bartholomäus Pieber
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Kerry Gilmore
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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10
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Morin É, Raymond M, Dubart A, Collins SK. Total Synthesis of Neomarchantin A: Key Bond Constructions Performed Using Continuous Flow Methods. Org Lett 2017; 19:2889-2892. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Émilie Morin
- Department of Chemistry and
Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Université de Montréal, CP 6128 Station Downtown, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Michaël Raymond
- Department of Chemistry and
Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Université de Montréal, CP 6128 Station Downtown, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Amaury Dubart
- Department of Chemistry and
Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Université de Montréal, CP 6128 Station Downtown, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Shawn K. Collins
- Department of Chemistry and
Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Université de Montréal, CP 6128 Station Downtown, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
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11
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Teci M, Tilley M, McGuire MA, Organ MG. Using Anilines as Masked Cross-Coupling Partners: Design of a Telescoped Three-Step Flow Diazotization, Iododediazotization, Cross-Coupling Process. Chemistry 2016; 22:17407-17415. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Teci
- Department of Chemistry; York University; 4700 Keele Street Toronto Ontario M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - Michael Tilley
- Department of Chemistry; York University; 4700 Keele Street Toronto Ontario M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - Michael A. McGuire
- GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals Inc.; 709 Swedeland Rd. PO Box 1539 UMW 2810 King of Prussia PA 19406 USA
| | - Michael G. Organ
- Department of Chemistry; York University; 4700 Keele Street Toronto Ontario M3J 1P3 Canada
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation and Department of Chemistry; University of Ottawa; Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
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12
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Teci M, Tilley M, McGuire MA, Organ MG. Handling Hazards Using Continuous Flow Chemistry: Synthesis of N1-Aryl-[1,2,3]-triazoles from Anilines via Telescoped Three-Step Diazotization, Azidodediazotization, and [3 + 2] Dipolar Cycloaddition Processes. Org Process Res Dev 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Teci
- Department
of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario M3J1P3, Canada
| | - Michael Tilley
- Department
of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario M3J1P3, Canada
| | - Michael A. McGuire
- GlaxoSmithKline
Pharmaceuticals Inc., 709 Swedeland
Road, P.O. Box 1539, UMW 2810, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Michael G. Organ
- Department
of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario M3J1P3, Canada
- Centre
for Catalysis Research and Innovation (CCRI) and Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N6N5, Canada
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13
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Day C, Saldarriaga A, Tilley M, Hunter H, Organ MG, Wilson DJ. A Single-Stage, Continuous High-Efficiency Extraction Device (HEED) for Flow Synthesis. Org Process Res Dev 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Craig Day
- Chemistry Department, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | | | - Michael Tilley
- Chemistry Department, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Howard Hunter
- Chemistry Department, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Michael G. Organ
- Chemistry Department, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Derek J. Wilson
- Chemistry Department, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
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14
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Nagaki A, Hirose K, Moriwaki Y, Mitamura K, Matsukawa K, Ishizuka N, Yoshida J. Integration of borylation of aryllithiums and Suzuki–Miyaura coupling using monolithic Pd catalyst. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cy02098k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Integration of the preparation of arylboronic esters and Suzuki–Miyaura coupling using monolithic Pd catalyst was successfully achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Nagaki
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615–8510
- Japan
| | - K. Hirose
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615–8510
- Japan
| | - Y. Moriwaki
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615–8510
- Japan
| | - K. Mitamura
- Emaus Kyoto Inc. R&Ds
- Ukyo-ku, Kyoto 615–0055
- Japan
| | - K. Matsukawa
- Emaus Kyoto Inc. R&Ds
- Ukyo-ku, Kyoto 615–0055
- Japan
| | - N. Ishizuka
- Osaka Municipal Technical Research Institute
- Electronic Material Research Division
- Osaka 536–8553
- Japan
| | - J. Yoshida
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615–8510
- Japan
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15
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Rathi AK, Gawande MB, Zboril R, Varma RS. Microwave-assisted synthesis – Catalytic applications in aqueous media. Coord Chem Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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16
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Somerville K, Tilley M, Li G, Mallik D, Organ MG. A Flow Reactor with Inline Analytics: Design and Implementation. Org Process Res Dev 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/op5002512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Tilley
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Guanlong Li
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Debasis Mallik
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Michael G. Organ
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
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17
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Patil NG, Benaskar F, Rebrov EV, Meuldijk J, Hulshof† LA, Hessel V, Schouten JC. Microwave Setup Design for Continuous Fine-Chemicals Synthesis. Chem Eng Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201400118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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18
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Patil NG, Benaskar F, Rebrov EV, Meuldijk J, Hulshof LA, Hessel V, Schouten JC. Scale-up of Microwave Assisted Flow Synthesis by Transient Processing through Monomode Cavities in Series. Org Process Res Dev 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/op500064k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Narendra G. Patil
- Laboratory
of Chemical Reactor Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Faysal Benaskar
- Laboratory
of Chemical Reactor Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Evgeny V. Rebrov
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, Stranmillis
Road, Belfast, BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Meuldijk
- Laboratory
of Chemical Reactor Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lubertus A. Hulshof
- Laboratory
of Chemical Reactor Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Volker Hessel
- Laboratory
of Chemical Reactor Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap C. Schouten
- Laboratory
of Chemical Reactor Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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19
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Patil NG, Benaskar F, Meuldijk J, Hulshof LA, Hessel V, Schouten JC, Esveld EDC, Rebrov EV. Microwave assisted flow synthesis: Coupling of electromagnetic and hydrodynamic phenomena. AIChE J 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.14552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Narendra G. Patil
- Laboratory of Chemical Reactor Engineering; Eindhoven University of Technology; P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Faysal Benaskar
- Laboratory of Chemical Reactor Engineering; Eindhoven University of Technology; P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Jan Meuldijk
- Laboratory of Chemical Reactor Engineering; Eindhoven University of Technology; P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Lumbertus A. Hulshof
- Laboratory of Chemical Reactor Engineering; Eindhoven University of Technology; P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Volker Hessel
- Laboratory of Chemical Reactor Engineering; Eindhoven University of Technology; P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Jaap C. Schouten
- Laboratory of Chemical Reactor Engineering; Eindhoven University of Technology; P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Erik D. C. Esveld
- Food and Biobased Research; Wageningen University; P.O. Box 17 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Evgeny V. Rebrov
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Queen's University Belfast; Stranmillis Road Belfast BT9 5AG United Kingdom
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20
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Petersen TP, Becker MR, Knochel P. Continuous flow magnesiation of functionalized heterocycles and acrylates with TMPMgCl⋅LiCl. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:7933-7. [PMID: 24962240 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201404221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A flow procedure for the metalation of functionalized heterocycles (pyridines, pyrimidines, thiophenes, and thiazoles) and various acrylates using the strong, non-nucleophilic base TMPMgCl⋅LiCl is reported. The flow conditions allow the magnesiations to be performed under more convenient conditions than the comparable batch reactions, which often require cryogenic temperatures and long reaction times. Moreover, the flow reactions are directly scalable without further optimization. Metalation under flow conditions also allows magnesiations that did not produce the desired products under batch conditions, such as the magnesiation of sensitive acrylic derivatives. The magnesiated species are subsequently quenched with various electrophiles, thereby introducing a broad range of functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine P Petersen
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Chemie Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München (Germany)
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21
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Petersen TP, Becker MR, Knochel P. Magnesierung funktionalisierter Heterocyclen und Acrylate unter Verwendung von TMPMgCl⋅LiCl in kontinuierlichem Fluss. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201404221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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22
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Bagley MC, Fusillo V, Jenkins RL, Lubinu MC, Mason C. One-step synthesis of pyridines and dihydropyridines in a continuous flow microwave reactor. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:1957-68. [PMID: 24204407 PMCID: PMC3817555 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Bohlmann-Rahtz pyridine synthesis and the Hantzsch dihydropyridine synthesis can be carried out in a microwave flow reactor or using a conductive heating flow platform for the continuous processing of material. In the Bohlmann-Rahtz reaction, the use of a Brønsted acid catalyst allows Michael addition and cyclodehydration to be carried out in a single step without isolation of intermediates to give the corresponding trisubstituted pyridine as a single regioisomer in good yield. Furthermore, 3-substituted propargyl aldehydes undergo Hantzsch dihydropyridine synthesis in preference to Bohlmann-Rahtz reaction in a very high yielding process that is readily transferred to continuous flow processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Bagley
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 9QJ, UK
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Patil NG, Benaskar F, Rebrov EV, Meuldijk J, Hulshof LA, Hessel V, Schouten JC. Continuous Multitubular Millireactor with a Cu Thin Film for Microwave-Assisted Fine-Chemical Synthesis. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ie300754z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Narendra G. Patil
- Laboratory of Chemical Reactor
Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Faysal Benaskar
- Laboratory of Chemical Reactor
Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Evgeny V. Rebrov
- School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Meuldijk
- Laboratory of Chemical Reactor
Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lumbertus A. Hulshof
- Laboratory of Chemical Reactor
Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Volker Hessel
- Laboratory of Chemical Reactor
Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap C. Schouten
- Laboratory of Chemical Reactor
Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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25
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Sadler S, Moeller AR, Jones GB. Microwave and continuous flow technologies in drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2012; 7:1107-28. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2012.727393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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26
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Yavorskyy A, Shvydkiv O, Hoffmann N, Nolan K, Oelgemöller M. Parallel Microflow Photochemistry: Process Optimization, Scale-up, and Library Synthesis. Org Lett 2012; 14:4342-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol301773r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Yavorskyy
- Dublin City University, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin 9, Ireland, UMR 7312 CNRS et Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687, Reims, Cedex 02, France, and James Cook University, School of Pharmacy and Molecular Sciences, CBMDT, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Oksana Shvydkiv
- Dublin City University, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin 9, Ireland, UMR 7312 CNRS et Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687, Reims, Cedex 02, France, and James Cook University, School of Pharmacy and Molecular Sciences, CBMDT, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Norbert Hoffmann
- Dublin City University, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin 9, Ireland, UMR 7312 CNRS et Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687, Reims, Cedex 02, France, and James Cook University, School of Pharmacy and Molecular Sciences, CBMDT, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Kieran Nolan
- Dublin City University, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin 9, Ireland, UMR 7312 CNRS et Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687, Reims, Cedex 02, France, and James Cook University, School of Pharmacy and Molecular Sciences, CBMDT, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Michael Oelgemöller
- Dublin City University, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin 9, Ireland, UMR 7312 CNRS et Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687, Reims, Cedex 02, France, and James Cook University, School of Pharmacy and Molecular Sciences, CBMDT, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
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27
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Ullah F, Zang Q, Javed S, Porubsky P, Neuenswander B, Lushington GH, Hanson PR, Organ MG. Synthesis of an Isoindoline-Annulated, Tricyclic Sultam Library via Microwave-Assisted, Continuous-Flow Organic Synthesis (MACOS). SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2012; 44. [PMID: 24244052 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1289791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A microwave-assisted, continuous-flow organic synthesis (MACOS) protocol for the synthesis of an isoindoline-annulat-ed, tricyclic sultam library, utilizing a Heck-aza-Michael (HaM) strategy, is reported. This sequence involves a Heck reaction on vi-nylsulfonamides with batch microwave heating followed by a one-pot, sequential intramolecular aza-Michael cyclization/Boc-deprot-ection using MACOS. Subsequent cyclization with either 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole or chloromethyl pivalate using MACOS provided an array of tricyclic sultams. This efficient three-step protocol requires only a few hours to produce the target sultams starting from simple starting materials. Using this strategy, a 38-member library of isoindoline-annulated sultams was generated in good to excellent overall yields (53-87%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Farman Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada, Fax +1(416)7365936 ; The University of Kansas Center for Chemical Methodologies and Library Development (KU-CMLD), Del Shankel Structural Biology Center, 2034 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS 66047-3761, USA, Fax +1(785)8645396
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28
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Zhendong L, Yangcheng L, Bodong Y, Guangsheng L. Free radical polymerization of butyl acrylate in monodispersed droplets: Comparison between two heating strategies. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.37832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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29
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Wegner J, Ceylan S, Kirschning A. Flow Chemistry – A Key Enabling Technology for (Multistep) Organic Synthesis. Adv Synth Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201100584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 497] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Wegner
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Biomolekulares Wirkstoffzentrum (BMWZ), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, D‐30167 Hannover, Germany, Fax: (+49)‐(0)511‐762‐3011; phone: (+49)‐(0)511‐762‐4612
| | - Sascha Ceylan
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Biomolekulares Wirkstoffzentrum (BMWZ), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, D‐30167 Hannover, Germany, Fax: (+49)‐(0)511‐762‐3011; phone: (+49)‐(0)511‐762‐4612
| | - Andreas Kirschning
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Biomolekulares Wirkstoffzentrum (BMWZ), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, D‐30167 Hannover, Germany, Fax: (+49)‐(0)511‐762‐3011; phone: (+49)‐(0)511‐762‐4612
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30
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Matsuzawa M, Togashi S, Hasebe S. Investigation of Microwave Effects on Transition Metal Catalyzed Reaction Using an Isothermal Reactor. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 2012. [DOI: 10.1252/jcej.11we210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Matsuzawa
- Mechanical Engineering Research Center, Hitachi Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Shigenori Togashi
- Mechanical Engineering Research Center, Hitachi Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd
| | - Shinji Hasebe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University
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31
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Benaskar F, Ben-Abdelmoumen A, Patil NG, Rebrov EV, Meuldijk J, Hulshof LA, Hessel V, Krtschil U, Schouten JC. Cost Analysis for a Continuously Operated Fine Chemicals Production Plant at 10 Kg/Day Using a Combination of Microprocessing and Microwave Heating. J Flow Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1556/jfchem.2011.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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32
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Rolfe A, Ullah F, Samarakoon TB, Kurtz RD, Porubsky P, Neuenswander B, Lushington GH, Santini C, Organ MG, Hanson PR. Synthesis of amino-benzothiaoxazepine-1,1-dioxides utilizing a microwave-assisted, S(N)Ar protocol. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2011; 13:653-8. [PMID: 21902243 DOI: 10.1021/co200076j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of a microwave-assisted, intermolecular S(N)Ar protocol for the synthesis of a 126-member benzothiaoxazepine-1,1-dioxide library is reported. Diversification of 12 benzothiaoxazepine-1,1-dioxides was achieved in rapid fashion utilizing a variety of 2° amines and amino alcohols to generate an 80-member library. A second 48-member library was subsequently generated via a two-step alkylation, intermolecular S(N)Ar diversification protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Rolfe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-7582, United States
| | - Farman Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Thiwanka B. Samarakoon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-7582, United States
| | - Ryan D. Kurtz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-7582, United States
| | - Patrick Porubsky
- The University of Kansas Center for Chemical Methodologies and Library Development (KU-CMLD), 2034 Becker Drive, Del Shankel Structural Biology Center, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Benjamin Neuenswander
- The University of Kansas Center for Chemical Methodologies and Library Development (KU-CMLD), 2034 Becker Drive, Del Shankel Structural Biology Center, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Gerald H. Lushington
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-7582, United States
- The University of Kansas Center for Chemical Methodologies and Library Development (KU-CMLD), 2034 Becker Drive, Del Shankel Structural Biology Center, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Conrad Santini
- The University of Kansas Center for Chemical Methodologies and Library Development (KU-CMLD), 2034 Becker Drive, Del Shankel Structural Biology Center, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Michael G. Organ
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Paul R. Hanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-7582, United States
- The University of Kansas Center for Chemical Methodologies and Library Development (KU-CMLD), 2034 Becker Drive, Del Shankel Structural Biology Center, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
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33
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He P, Haswell SJ, Fletcher PDI, Kelly SM, Mansfield A. Scaling up of continuous-flow, microwave-assisted, organic reactions by varying the size of Pd-functionalized catalytic monoliths. Beilstein J Org Chem 2011; 7:1150-7. [PMID: 21915220 PMCID: PMC3170192 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.7.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A product-scalable, catalytically mediated flow system has been developed to perform Suzuki-Miyaura reactions under a microwave heating regime, in which the volumetric throughput of a Pd-supported silica monolith can be used to increase the quantity of the product without changing the optimal operating conditions. Two silica monoliths (both 3 cm long), with comparable pore diameters and surface areas, were fabricated with diameters of 3.2 and 6.4 mm to give volumetric capacities of 0.205 and 0.790 mL, respectively. The two monoliths were functionalized with a loading of 4.5 wt % Pd and then sealed in heat-shrinkable Teflon(®) tubing to form a monolithic flow reactor. The Pd-supported silica monolith flow reactor was then placed into the microwave cavity and connected to an HPLC pump and a backpressure regulator to minimize the formation of gas bubbles. The flow rate and microwave power were varied to optimize the reactant contact time and temperature, respectively. Under optimal reaction conditions the quantity of product could be increased from 31 mg per hour to 340 mg per hour simply by changing the volumetric capacity of the monolith.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
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34
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Molnár Á. Efficient, selective, and recyclable palladium catalysts in carbon-carbon coupling reactions. Chem Rev 2011; 111:2251-320. [PMID: 21391571 DOI: 10.1021/cr100355b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 768] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Árpád Molnár
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
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35
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36
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Ullah F, Samarakoon T, Rolfe A, Kurtz RD, Hanson PR, Organ MG. Scaling out by microwave-assisted, continuous flow organic synthesis (MACOS): multi-gram synthesis of bromo- and fluoro-benzofused sultams benzthiaoxazepine-1,1-dioxides. Chemistry 2010; 16:10959-62. [PMID: 20715214 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201001651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farman Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3 Canada
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37
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Rueping M, Bootwicha T, Sugiono E. Efficient and General Continuous-Flow Hydroarylation and Hydroalkylation of Styrenes. Adv Synth Catal 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201000538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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38
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Achanta S, Liautard V, Paugh R, Organ MG. The development of a general strategy for the synthesis of tyramine-based natural products by using continuous flow techniques. Chemistry 2010; 16:12797-800. [PMID: 20931578 PMCID: PMC3145487 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Achanta
- Department of Chemistry, York University 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3 (Canada)
| | - Virginie Liautard
- Department of Chemistry, York University 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3 (Canada)
| | - Robert Paugh
- Department of Chemistry, York University 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3 (Canada)
| | - Michael G. Organ
- Department of Chemistry, York University 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3 (Canada)
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39
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Ullah I, Sher M, Khera RA, Ali A, Nawaz M, Shkoor M, Iqbal I, Imran M, Villinger A, Fischer C, Langer P. Synthesis of of sterically encumbered biaryls based on a ‘copper(I)-catalyzed arylation/[3+3] cyclocondensation’ strategy. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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40
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Shore G, Yoo WJ, Li CJ, Organ M. Propargyl Amine Synthesis Catalysed by Gold and Copper Thin Films by Using Microwave-Assisted Continuous-Flow Organic Synthesis (MACOS). Chemistry 2010; 16:126-33. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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41
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High-Throughput Organic Synthesis in Microreactors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2377(10)38003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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42
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Bagley MC, Fusillo V, Jenkins RL, Lubinu MC, Mason C. Continuous flow processing from microreactors to mesoscale: the Bohlmann–Rahtz cyclodehydration reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:2245-51. [DOI: 10.1039/b926387j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
Microfluidic reactors exhibit intrinsic advantages of reduced chemical consumption, safety, high surface-area-to-volume ratios, and improved control over mass and heat transfer superior to the macroscopic reaction setting. In contract to a continuous-flow microfluidic system composed of only a microchannel network, an integrated microfluidic system represents a scalable integration of a microchannel network with functional microfluidic modules, thus enabling the execution and automation of complicated chemical reactions in a single device. In this review, we summarize recent progresses on the development of integrated microfluidics-based chemical reactors for (i) parallel screening of in situ click chemistry libraries, (ii) multistep synthesis of radiolabeled imaging probes for positron emission tomography (PET), (iii) sequential preparation of individually addressable conducting polymer nanowire (CPNW), and (iv) solid-phase synthesis of DNA oligonucleotides. These proof-of-principle demonstrations validate the feasibility and set a solid foundation for exploring a broad application of the integrated microfluidic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yu Lin
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), Institute for Molecular Medicine (IMED), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yanju Wang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), Institute for Molecular Medicine (IMED), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shutao Wang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), Institute for Molecular Medicine (IMED), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hsian-Rong Tseng
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), Institute for Molecular Medicine (IMED), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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44
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Supported palladium catalysis using a heteroleptic 2-methylthiomethylpyridine–N,S–donor motif for Mizoroki–Heck and Suzuki–Miyaura coupling, including continuous organic monolith in capillary microscale flow-through mode. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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45
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Shore G, Tsimerman M, Organ MG. Gold film-catalysed benzannulation by microwave-assisted, continuous flow organic synthesis (MACOS). Beilstein J Org Chem 2009; 5:35. [PMID: 19777133 PMCID: PMC2748690 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.5.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2009] [Accepted: 07/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Methodology has been developed for laying down a thin gold-on-silver film on the inner surface of glass capillaries for the purpose of catalysing benzannulation reactions. The cycloaddition precursors are flowed through these capillaries while the metal film is being heated to high temperatures using microwave irradiation. The transformation can be optimized rapidly, tolerates a wide number of functional groups, is highly regioselective, and proceeds in good to excellent conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gjergji Shore
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M3J 1P3
| | - Michael Tsimerman
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M3J 1P3
| | - Michael G Organ
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M3J 1P3
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46
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Benaskar F, Hessel V, Krtschil U, Löb P, Stark A. Intensification of the Capillary-Based Kolbe−Schmitt Synthesis from Resorcinol by Reactive Ionic Liquids, Microwave Heating, or a Combination Thereof. Org Process Res Dev 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/op9000803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Faysal Benaskar
- Institut für Mikrotechnik Mainz GmbH, Chemical Micro and Milli Process Technologies, Carl-Zeiss-Strasse 18-20, 55129 Mainz, Germany, Eindhoven University of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands, and Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Technical Chemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Lessingstrasse 12, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Volker Hessel
- Institut für Mikrotechnik Mainz GmbH, Chemical Micro and Milli Process Technologies, Carl-Zeiss-Strasse 18-20, 55129 Mainz, Germany, Eindhoven University of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands, and Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Technical Chemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Lessingstrasse 12, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich Krtschil
- Institut für Mikrotechnik Mainz GmbH, Chemical Micro and Milli Process Technologies, Carl-Zeiss-Strasse 18-20, 55129 Mainz, Germany, Eindhoven University of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands, and Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Technical Chemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Lessingstrasse 12, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Patrick Löb
- Institut für Mikrotechnik Mainz GmbH, Chemical Micro and Milli Process Technologies, Carl-Zeiss-Strasse 18-20, 55129 Mainz, Germany, Eindhoven University of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands, and Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Technical Chemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Lessingstrasse 12, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Annegret Stark
- Institut für Mikrotechnik Mainz GmbH, Chemical Micro and Milli Process Technologies, Carl-Zeiss-Strasse 18-20, 55129 Mainz, Germany, Eindhoven University of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands, and Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Technical Chemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Lessingstrasse 12, 07743 Jena, Germany
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47
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48
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Gömann A, Deverell JA, Munting KF, Jones RC, Rodemann T, Canty AJ, Smith JA, Guijt RM. Palladium-mediated organic synthesis using porous polymer monolith formed in situ as a continuous catalyst support structure for application in microfluidic devices. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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49
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Abdu-Allah HHM, Tamanaka T, Yu J, Zhuoyuan L, Sadagopan M, Adachi T, Tsubata T, Kelm S, Ishida H, Kiso M. Design, synthesis, and structure-affinity relationships of novel series of sialosides as CD22-specific inhibitors. J Med Chem 2008; 51:6665-81. [PMID: 18841881 DOI: 10.1021/jm8000696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Sialosides incorporating substituted amides or amines at 9-position of sialic acid moiety have been synthesized and evaluated as CD22 inhibitors. Several derivatives exhibited inhibitory potency in sub- to low micromolar range (e. g., 8o, 9d, 9g, and 9k showed IC 50 values 0.40, 0.47, 0.24, and 0.23 microM, respectively, for hCD22, while 8p, 8q, and 9f, showed IC 50 values 1.70, 2.90, and 4.10 microM, respectively, for mCD22). The most significant result was the strongly enhanced affinity of 9g and 9k containing 9-(2' or 4'-hydroxy-4-biphenyl) methylamino substituents (600-fold more potent for hCD22 than the corresponding 9-hydroxy derivative; 7a). Molecular modeling study was carried out to get some insights into the molecular basis of CD22 inhibition. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic structure-affinity relationship study on inhibition of CD22.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajjaj H M Abdu-Allah
- Department of Applied Bio-organic Chemistry, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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50
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Benali O, Deal M, Farrant E, Tapolczay D, Wheeler R. Continuous Flow Microwave-Assisted Reaction Optimization and Scale-Up Using Fluorous Spacer Technology. Org Process Res Dev 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/op700225u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Otman Benali
- GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Technology Development, New Frontiers Science Park (North), Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex CM19 5AW, U.K
| | - Martyn Deal
- GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Technology Development, New Frontiers Science Park (North), Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex CM19 5AW, U.K
| | - Elizabeth Farrant
- GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Technology Development, New Frontiers Science Park (North), Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex CM19 5AW, U.K
| | - David Tapolczay
- GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Technology Development, New Frontiers Science Park (North), Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex CM19 5AW, U.K
| | - Rob Wheeler
- GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Technology Development, New Frontiers Science Park (North), Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex CM19 5AW, U.K
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