1
|
Hsiao YW, Nguyen DK, Yu K, Zheng W, Dimitrakellis P, Vlachos DG. Enhanced Catalytic Hydrodeoxygenation of Activated Carbon-Supported Metal Catalysts via Rapid Plasma Surface Functionalization. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 37216677 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c03447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We employ a nonthermal, He/O2 atmospheric plasma as an efficient surface functionalization method of activated carbons. We show that plasma treatment rapidly increases the surface oxygen content from 4.1 to 23.4% on a polymer-based spherical activated carbon in 10 min. Plasma treatment is 3 orders of magnitude faster than acidic oxidation and introduces a diverse range of carbonyl (C═O) and carboxyl (O-C═O) functionalities that were not found with acidic oxidation. The increased oxygen functionalities reduce the particle size of a high 20 wt % loading Cu catalyst by >44% and suppress the formation of large agglomerates. Increased metal dispersion exposes additional active sites and improves the yield of hydrodeoxygenation of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural to 2,5-dimethyl furan, an essential compound for biofuel replacement, by 47%. Surface functionalization via plasma can advance catalysis synthesis while being rapid and sustainable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yung Wei Hsiao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- RAPID Manufacturing Institute, Delaware Energy Institute (DEI), University of Delaware, 221 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Darien K Nguyen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- RAPID Manufacturing Institute, Delaware Energy Institute (DEI), University of Delaware, 221 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Kewei Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- RAPID Manufacturing Institute, Delaware Energy Institute (DEI), University of Delaware, 221 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Weiqing Zheng
- RAPID Manufacturing Institute, Delaware Energy Institute (DEI), University of Delaware, 221 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Panagiotis Dimitrakellis
- RAPID Manufacturing Institute, Delaware Energy Institute (DEI), University of Delaware, 221 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Dionisios G Vlachos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- RAPID Manufacturing Institute, Delaware Energy Institute (DEI), University of Delaware, 221 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen TY, Hsiao YW, Baker-Fales M, Cameli F, Dimitrakellis P, Vlachos DG. Microflow chemistry and its electrification for sustainable chemical manufacturing. Chem Sci 2022; 13:10644-10685. [PMID: 36320706 PMCID: PMC9491096 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01684b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustainability is vital in solving global societal problems. Still, it requires a holistic view by considering renewable energy and carbon sources, recycling waste streams, environmentally friendly resource extraction and handling, and green manufacturing. Flow chemistry at the microscale can enable continuous sustainable manufacturing by opening up new operating windows, precise residence time control, enhanced mixing and transport, improved yield and productivity, and inherent safety. Furthermore, integrating microfluidic systems with alternative energy sources, such as microwaves and plasmas, offers tremendous promise for electrifying and intensifying modular and distributed chemical processing. This review provides an overview of microflow chemistry, electrification, their integration toward sustainable manufacturing, and their application to biomass upgrade (a select number of other processes are also touched upon). Finally, we identify critical areas for future research, such as matching technology to the scale of the application, techno-economic analysis, and life cycle assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Ying Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware 150 Academy Street Newark Delaware 19716 USA
| | - Yung Wei Hsiao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware 150 Academy Street Newark Delaware 19716 USA
| | - Montgomery Baker-Fales
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware 150 Academy Street Newark Delaware 19716 USA
| | - Fabio Cameli
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware 150 Academy Street Newark Delaware 19716 USA
| | - Panagiotis Dimitrakellis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware 150 Academy Street Newark Delaware 19716 USA
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, RAPID Manufacturing Institute, Delaware Energy Institute (DEI), University of Delaware 221 Academy St. Newark Delaware 19716 USA
| | - Dionisios G Vlachos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware 150 Academy Street Newark Delaware 19716 USA
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, RAPID Manufacturing Institute, Delaware Energy Institute (DEI), University of Delaware 221 Academy St. Newark Delaware 19716 USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chu RM, Lin CY, Liu CC, Yang SY, Hsiao YW, Hung SW, Pao HN, Liao KW. Proliferation characteristics of canine transmissible venereal tumor. Anticancer Res 2001; 21:4017-24. [PMID: 11911286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT) grows progressively (P-phase) in the host and then spontaneously regresses (R-phase). The mechanisms behind the transition from the P-to R-phases are not well understood. In this study, in order to determine the proliferation characteristics of CTVT, we evaluated telomerase activity and enumerated nuclear organizing regions (AgNOR) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). It was found that CTVT cells from the P-and R-phases were both positive for telomerase activity, although it was lower in the R-phase. Evaluations of telomerase activity should take into account the stage of mitosis. Although, in the majority of cases, telomerase activity can be used to differentiate between benign and malignant tumors in dogs, other factors or markers should also be used to obtain accurate diagnoses. The PCNA-positive rate and the number and area of AgNOR per cell increased much more in the P-phase than the R-phase. However, the AgNOR values were always higher. Thus, the AgNOR count can be used to distinguish the P-and R-phases of CTVT. In addition, mitotic figures were much higher in number in the P-phase as compared to the R-phase. We believe that, during spontaneous regression of CTVT cells, slow tumor cell proliferation must contribute to the decrease in tumor size. However, shortening of tumor cell telomeres is not directly involved in this process. Other factors, such as expression of MHC antigens on CTVT cells, humoral immunity, cytokines released by the inflammatory cells and, especially, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes may contribute to CTVT regression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R M Chu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, ROC.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|