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Wassie T, Cheng B, Zhou T, Gao L, Lu Z, Xie C, Wu X. Microbiome-metabolome analysis reveals alterations in the composition and metabolism of caecal microbiota and metabolites with dietary Enteromorpha polysaccharide and Yeast glycoprotein in chickens. Front Immunol 2022; 13:996897. [PMID: 36311785 PMCID: PMC9614668 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.996897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiome is responsible for the fermentation of complex carbohydrates and orchestrates the immune system through gut microbiota-derived metabolites. In our previous study, we reported that supplementation of Enteromorpha polysaccharide (EP) and yeast glycoprotein (YG) in combination synergistically improved antioxidant activities, serum lipid profile, and fatty acid metabolism in chicken. However, the mechanism of action of these polysaccharides remains elusive. The present study used an integrated 16S-rRNA sequencing technology and untargeted metabolomics technique to reveal the mechanism of action of EP+YG supplementation in broiler chickens fed basal diet or diets supplemented with EP+YG (200mg/kg EP + 200mg/kg YG). The results showed that EP+YG supplementation altered the overall structure of caecal microbiota as evidenced by β diversities analysis. Besides, EP+YG supplementation changed the microbiota composition by altering the community profile at the phylum and genus levels. Furthermore, Spearman correlation analysis indicated a significant correlation between altered microbiota genera vs serum cytokine levels and microbiota genera vs volatile fatty acids production. Predicted functional analysis showed that EP+YG supplementation significantly enriched amino acid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, energy metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism. Metabolomics analysis confirmed that EP+YG supplementation modulates a myriad of caecal metabolites by increasing some metabolites, including pyruvic acid, pyridoxine, spermidine, spermine, and dopamine, and decreasing metabolites related to lipid metabolisms such as malonic acid, oleic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid. The quantitative enrichment analysis results further showed that glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, citric acid cycle, tyrosine metabolism, glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, and cysteine and methionine metabolism were the most important enriched pathways identified with enrichment ratio >11, whereas, fatty acid biosynthesis and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids pathways were suppressed. Together, the 16S-rRNA and untargeted metabolomics results uncovered that EP+YG supplementation modulates intestinal microbiota and their metabolites, thereby influencing the important metabolism pathways, suggesting a potential feed additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teketay Wassie
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
| | - Bei Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
| | - Tiantian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
| | - Lumin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
| | - Zhuang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
| | - Chunyan Xie
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Wu,
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2
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B6 vitamers as generators and scavengers of reactive oxygen species. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2021.100041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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3
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Mizutani T, Yamawaki Y, Okano Y, Masaki H. Pyridoxine (VB 6 ) restores the down-regulation of serine palmitoyltransferase mRNA expression in keratinocytes cultured in highly oxidative conditions through enhancement of the intracellular antioxidant system. Exp Dermatol 2020; 28 Suppl 1:43-49. [PMID: 30698872 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyridoxine (VB6 ), which acts as a coenzyme in the biosynthesis of niacin, is formulated in pharmaceuticals to treat skin roughness. However, the mechanism of action of VB6 is not known precisely. OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to clarify the influence of highly oxidative conditions on the expression of skin moisture-related mRNAs and to evaluate the preventive effects of VB6 focusing on antioxidant behaviour. METHODS Intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) were determined using the 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate assay. Real-time PCR was employed to investigate the influence of higher oxidative conditions on the expression of mRNAs encoding serine palmitoyl transferase (SPT) and filaggrin, and to characterize the mechanism of the antioxidant effect of VB6 . Intracellular glutathione was quantified using an assay based on the glutathione recycling system with 5,5'-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid) reagent and glutathione reductase. Carbonylated proteins (CPs) were semi-quantified by detecting aldehyde residues. RESULTS Treatment of NHEKs with BSO increased the level of intracellular CPs by interfering with intracellular glutathione synthesis. Further, treatment with BSO down-regulated the expression level of SPT mRNA, but VB6 restored SPT mRNA expression in BSO-treated NHEKs. VB6 decreased the level of intracellular CPs with or without BSO treatment in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, VB6 increased levels of intracellular NADH/NADPH and glutathione through the activation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signalling. CONCLUSION These results suggest that highly oxidative conditions cause an impaired skin barrier function due to the down-regulation of SPT that results in skin roughness. VB6 improved the down-regulation of SPT mRNA expression initiated by highly oxidative conditions by enhancing the intracellular antioxidant system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeko Mizutani
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumiko Yamawaki
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuri Okano
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Masaki
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Neugart S, Hideg É, Czégény G, Schreiner M, Strid Å. Ultraviolet-B radiation exposure lowers the antioxidant capacity in the Arabidopsis thaliana pdx1.3-1 mutant and leads to glucosinolate biosynthesis alteration in both wild type and mutant. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2020; 19:217-228. [PMID: 31961357 DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00342h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) and its vitamers are used by living organisms both as enzymatic cofactors and as antioxidants. We used Arabidopsis pyridoxine biosynthesis mutant pdx1.3-1 to study the involvement of the PLP-synthase main polypeptide PDX1 in plant responses to ultraviolet radiation of two different qualities, one containing primarily UV-A (315-400 nm) and the other containing both UV-A and UV-B (280-315 nm). The antioxidant capacity and the flavonoid and glucosinolate (GS) profiles were examined. As an indicator of stress, Fv/Fm of photosystem II reaction centers was used. In pdx1.3-1, UV-A + B exposure led to a significant 5% decrease in Fv/Fm on the last day (day 15), indicating mild stress at this time point. The antioxidant capacity of Col-0 wildtype increased significantly (50-73%) after 1 and 3 days of UV-A + B. Instead, in pdx1.3-1, the antioxidant capacity significantly decreased by 44-52% over the same time period, proving the importance of a full complement of functional PDX1 genes for the detoxification of reactive oxygen species. There were no significant changes in the flavonoid glycoside profile under any light condition. However, the GS profile was significantly altered, both with respect to Arabidopsis accession and exposure to UV. The difference in flavonoid and GS profiles reflects that the GS biosynthesis pathway contains at least one pyridoxine-dependent enzyme, whereas no such enzyme is used in flavonoid biosynthesis. Also, there was strong correlation between the antioxidant capacity and the content of some GS compounds. Our results show that vitamin B6 vitamers, functioning both as antioxidants and co-factors, are of importance for the physiological fitness of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Neugart
- Division of Quality and Sensory of Plant Products, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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5
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Ramis R, Ortega-Castro J, Caballero C, Casasnovas R, Cerrillo A, Vilanova B, Adrover M, Frau J. How Does Pyridoxamine Inhibit the Formation of Advanced Glycation End Products? The Role of Its Primary Antioxidant Activity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E344. [PMID: 31480509 PMCID: PMC6770850 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyridoxamine, one of the natural forms of vitamin B6, is known to be an effective inhibitor of the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which are closely related to various human diseases. Pyridoxamine forms stable complexes with metal ions that catalyze the oxidative reactions taking place in the advanced stages of the protein glycation cascade. It also reacts with reactive carbonyl compounds generated as byproducts of protein glycation, thereby preventing further protein damage. We applied Density Functional Theory to study the primary antioxidant activity of pyridoxamine towards three oxygen-centered radicals (•OOH, •OOCH3 and •OCH3) to find out whether this activity may also play a crucial role in the context of protein glycation inhibition. Our results show that, at physiological pH, pyridoxamine can trap the •OCH3 radical, in both aqueous and lipidic media, with rate constants in the diffusion limit (>1.0 × 108 M - 1 s - 1 ). The quickest pathways involve the transfer of the hydrogen atoms from the protonated pyridine nitrogen, the protonated amino group or the phenolic group. Its reactivity towards •OOH and •OOCH3 is smaller, but pyridoxamine can still scavenge them with moderate rate constants in aqueous media. Since reactive oxygen species are also involved in the formation of AGEs, these results highlight that the antioxidant capacity of pyridoxamine is also relevant to explain its inhibitory role on the glycation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Ramis
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Joaquín Ortega-Castro
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Carmen Caballero
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Casasnovas
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Antonia Cerrillo
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Bartolomé Vilanova
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Miquel Adrover
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Juan Frau
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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6
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Czégény G, Kőrösi L, Strid Å, Hideg É. Multiple roles for Vitamin B 6 in plant acclimation to UV-B. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1259. [PMID: 30718682 PMCID: PMC6361899 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38053-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct and indirect roles of vitamin B6 in leaf acclimation to supplementary UV-B radiation are shown in vitamin B6 deficient Arabidopsis thaliana mutant rsr4-1 and C24 wild type. Responses to 4 days of 3.9 kJ m-2 d-1 biologically effective UV-B dose were compared in terms of leaf photochemistry, vitamer content, and antioxidant enzyme activities; complemented with a comprehensive study of vitamer ROS scavenging capacities. Under UV-B, rsr4-1 leaves lost more (34%) photochemical yield than C24 plants (24%). In the absence of UV-B, rsr4-1 leaves contained markedly less pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP) than C24 ones, but levels increased up to the C24 contents in response to UV-B. Activities of class-III ascorbate and glutathione peroxidases increased in C24 leaves upon the UV-B treatment but not in the rsr4-1 mutant. SOD activities remained the same in C24 but decreased by more than 50% in rsr4-1 under UV-B. Although PLP was shown to be an excellent antioxidant in vitro, our results suggest that the UV-B protective role of B6 vitamers is realized indirectly, via supporting peroxidase defence rather than by direct ROS scavenging. We hypothesize that the two defence pathways are linked through the PLP-dependent biosynthesis of cystein and heme, affecting peroxidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyula Czégény
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - László Kőrösi
- Research Institute for Viticulture and Oenology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Åke Strid
- School of Science & Technology, Örebro Life Science Center, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Éva Hideg
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
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7
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Uranga J, Mujika JI, Grande-Aztatzi R, Matxain JM. Oxidation of Acid, Base, and Amide Side-Chain Amino Acid Derivatives via Hydroxyl Radical. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:4956-4971. [PMID: 29676577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b12450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxyl radical (•OH) is known to be highly reactive. Herein, we analyze the oxidation of acid (Asp and Glu), base (Arg and Lys), and amide (Asn and Gln) containing amino acid derivatives by the consecutive attack of two •OH. In this work, we study the reaction pathway by means of density functional theory. The oxidation mechanism is divided into two steps: (1) the first •OH can abstract a H atom or an electron, leading to a radical amino acid derivative, which is the intermediate of the reaction and (2) the second •OH can abstract another H atom or add itself to the formed radical, rendering the final oxidized products. The studied second attack of •OH is applicable to situations where high concentration of •OH is found, e.g., in vitro. Carbonyls are the best known oxidation products for these reactions. This work includes solvent dielectric and confirmation's effects of the reaction, showing that both are negligible. Overall, the most favored intermediates of the oxidation process at the side chain correspond to the secondary radicals stabilized by hyperconjugation. Intermediates show to be more stable in those cases where the spin density of the unpaired electron is lowered. Alcohols formed at the side chains are the most favored products, followed by the double-bond-containing ones. Interestingly, Arg and Lys side-chain scission leads to the most favored carbonyl-containing oxidation products, in line with experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Uranga
- Kimika Fakultatea-Chemistry Department , Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) , P.K. 1072 , 20080 Donostia , Euskadi , Spain.,Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , Manuel Lardizabal 4 , 20018 Donostia , Euskadi , Spain
| | - Jon I Mujika
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , Manuel Lardizabal 4 , 20018 Donostia , Euskadi , Spain
| | - Rafael Grande-Aztatzi
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , Manuel Lardizabal 4 , 20018 Donostia , Euskadi , Spain
| | - Jon M Matxain
- Kimika Fakultatea-Chemistry Department , Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) , P.K. 1072 , 20080 Donostia , Euskadi , Spain.,Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , Manuel Lardizabal 4 , 20018 Donostia , Euskadi , Spain
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8
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Xin ML, Yang JW, Li Y. The mechanism for enhanced oxidation degradation of dioxin-like PCBs (PCB-77) in the atmosphere by the solvation effect. Chem Cent J 2017; 11:61. [PMID: 29086899 PMCID: PMC5503851 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-017-0291-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The reaction pathways of PCB-77 in the atmosphere with ·OH, O2, NOx, and 1O2 were inferred based on density functional theory calculations with the 6-31G* basis set. The structures the reactants, transition states, intermediates, and products were optimized. The energy barriers and reaction heats were obtained to determine the energetically favorable reaction pathways. To study the solvation effect, the energy barriers and reaction rates for PCB-77 with different polar and nonpolar solvents (cyclohexane, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, acetone, dichloromethane, ethanol, methanol, acetonitrile, dimethylsulfoxide, and water) were calculated. The results showed that ·OH preferentially added to the C5 atom of PCB-77, which has no Cl atom substituent, to generate the intermediate IM5. This intermediate subsequently reacted with O2 via pathway A to generate IM5a, with an energy barrier of 7.27 kcal/mol and total reaction rate of 8.45 × 10−8 cm3/molecule s. Pathway B involved direct dehydrogenation of IM5 to produce the OH-PCBs intermediate IM5b, with an energy barrier of 28.49 kcal/mol and total reaction rate of 1.15 × 10−5 cm3/molecule s. The most likely degradation pathway of PCB-77 in the atmosphere is pathway A to produce IM5a. The solvation effect results showed that cyclohexane, carbon tetrachloride, and benzene could reduce the reaction energy barrier of pathway A. Among these solvents, the solvation effect of benzene was the largest, and could reduce the total reaction energy barrier by 25%. Cyclohexane, carbon tetrachloride, benzene, dichloromethane, acetone, and ethanol could increase the total reaction rate of pathway A. The increase in the reaction rate of pathway A with benzene was 8%. The effect of solvents on oxidative degradation of PCB-77 in the atmosphere is important.The reaction pathways of PCB-77 in the atmosphere with •OH, O2, NOx, and 1O2 were inferred based on density functional theory calculations with the 6-31G* basis set. Different polar and nonpolar solvents: cyclohexane, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, acetone, dichloromethane, ethanol, methanol, acetonitrile, dimethylsulfoxide, and water were selected to study the solvation effect on the favorable reaction pathways. The investigated results showed what kind of pathway was most likely to occur and the solvent effect on the reaction pathway ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Xin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, No. 2, Beinong Road, Beijing, 102206, China.,The Moe Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jia-Wen Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, No. 2, Beinong Road, Beijing, 102206, China.,The Moe Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yu Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, No. 2, Beinong Road, Beijing, 102206, China. .,The Moe Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
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9
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Yazarians JA, Jiménez BL, Boyce GR. A regioselective etherification of pyridoxine via an ortho-pyridinone methide intermediate. Tetrahedron Lett 2017; 58:2258-2260. [PMID: 32287448 PMCID: PMC7111860 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.04.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The catalyst-free, regioselective synthesis of 4'-O-substituted pyridoxine derivatives under solventless conditions is described. The methodology relies on the highly regioselective formation of the ortho-pyridinone methide from pyridoxine and subsequent oxa-Michael addition of alcohol nucleophiles. This methodology provides good to excellent yields for primary and secondary alcohols and moderate yields for tertiary alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Yazarians
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL 33965, United States
| | - Brian L Jiménez
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL 33965, United States
| | - Gregory R Boyce
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL 33965, United States
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10
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Exploiting the cyclodextrins ability for antioxidants encapsulation: A computational approach to carnosol and carnosic acid embedding. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2015.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Uranga J, Lakuntza O, Ramos-Cordoba E, Matxain JM, Mujika JI. A computational study of radical initiated protein backbone homolytic dissociation on all natural amino acids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:30972-30981. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp06529e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxyl radical (˙OH) is known to be one of the most reactive species. The attack of this radical onto the backbone of all natural amino acids is investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Uranga
- Kimika Fakultatea
- Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC)
- 20080 Donostia
- Spain
| | - Oier Lakuntza
- Institut Catala d'Investigacio Quimica (ICIQ)
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
| | - Eloy Ramos-Cordoba
- Kimika Fakultatea
- Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC)
- 20080 Donostia
- Spain
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Jon M. Matxain
- Kimika Fakultatea
- Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC)
- 20080 Donostia
- Spain
| | - Jon I. Mujika
- Kimika Fakultatea
- Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC)
- 20080 Donostia
- Spain
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12
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Uranga J, Mujika JI, Matxain JM. ·OH Oxidation Toward S- and OH-Containing Amino Acids. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:15430-42. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b09825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jon Uranga
- Kimika Fakultatea,
Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) and Donostia International
Physics Center (DIPC), P.K. 1072, 20080 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Jon I. Mujika
- Kimika Fakultatea,
Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) and Donostia International
Physics Center (DIPC), P.K. 1072, 20080 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Jon M. Matxain
- Kimika Fakultatea,
Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) and Donostia International
Physics Center (DIPC), P.K. 1072, 20080 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
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13
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Mayengbam S, Raposo S, Aliani M, House JD. Oral exposure to the anti-pyridoxine compound 1-amino D-proline further perturbs homocysteine metabolism through the transsulfuration pathway in moderately vitamin B₆ deficient rats. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 26:241-9. [PMID: 25524630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP; a B₆ vitamer) serves as an important cofactor in a myriad of metabolic reactions, including the transsulfuration (TS) pathway, which converts homocysteine (Hcy) to cysteine. While overt vitamin B₆ deficiency is rare, moderate deficiency is common and may be exacerbated by anti-pyridoxine factors in the food supply. To this end, we developed a model of moderate B₆ deficiency and a study was conducted to examine the in vivo effect of 1-amino D-proline (1ADP), an anti-pyridoxine factor found in flaxseed, on indices of Hcy metabolism through the TS pathway in moderately B₆ deficient rats. Male weaning rats received a semi-purified diet containing either 7 mg/kg (control; CD) or 0.7 mg/kg (moderately deficient; MD) diet of pyridoxine·hydrochloride (PN∙HCl), each with 1 of 4 levels of 1ADP, viz. 0, 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/kg diet for 5 weeks. Perturbations in vitamin B₆ biomarkers were more pronounced in the MD group. Plasma PLP was significantly reduced, while plasma Hcy (8-fold) and cystathionine (11-fold) were increased in rats consuming the highest amount of 1ADP in the MD group. The activities of hepatic cystathionine β-synthase and cystathionine γ-lyase enzymes were significantly reduced in rats consuming the highest 1ADP compared to the lowest, for both levels of PN∙HCl. Dilation of hepatic central veins and sinusoids, mild steatosis and increased liver triglycerides were present in MD rats consuming the highest 1ADP level. The current data provide evidence that the consumption of an anti-pyridoxine factor linked to flaxseed may pose a risk for subjects who are moderate/severe vitamin B₆ deficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamchand Mayengbam
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T2N2, Canada
| | - Sara Raposo
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T2N2, Canada
| | - Michel Aliani
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T2N2, Canada
| | - James D House
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T2N2, Canada; Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T2N2, Canada.
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14
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Grüber R, Monari A, Dumont E. Stability of the Guanine Endoperoxide Intermediate: A Computational Challenge for Density Functional Theory. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:11612-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp508330r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Grüber
- Laboratoire
de Chimie, UMR 5182 CNRS, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46, allée d’Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Antonio Monari
- Université de Lorraine Nancy, Théorie-Modélisation-Simulation,
SRSMC, Boulevard des Aiguillettes 54506, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- CNRS,
Théorie-Modélisation-Simulation, SRSMC, Boulevard des
Aiguillettes 54506, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Elise Dumont
- Laboratoire
de Chimie, UMR 5182 CNRS, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46, allée d’Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
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15
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Lee JHQ, Yue Y, Ganguly R, Webster RD. Electrochemical Study of Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) in Acetonitrile. ChemElectroChem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201402340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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16
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Liu F, Lu W, Fang Y, Liu J. Evolution of oxidation dynamics of histidine: non-reactivity in the gas phase, peroxides in hydrated clusters, and pH dependence in solution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:22179-91. [PMID: 25213401 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03550j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidation of histidine by (1)O2 is an important process associated with oxidative damage to proteins during aging, diseases and photodynamic therapy of tumors and jaundice, and photochemical transformations of biological species in the troposphere. However, the oxidation mechanisms and products of histidine differ dramatically in these related environments which range from the gas phase through aerosols to aqueous solution. Herein we report a parallel gas- and solution-phase study on the (1)O2 oxidation of histidine, aimed at evaluating the evolution of histidine oxidation pathways in different media and at different ionization states. We first investigated the oxidation of protonated and deprotonated histidine ions and the same systems hydrated with explicit water molecules in the gas phase, using guided-ion-beam-scattering mass spectrometry. Reaction coordinates and potential energy surfaces for these systems were established on the basis of density functional theory calculations, Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus modeling and direct dynamics simulations. Subsequently we tracked the oxidation process of histidine in aqueous solution under different pH conditions, using on-line UV-Vis spectroscopy and electrospray mass spectrometry monitoring systems. The results show that two different routes contribute to the oxidation of histidine depending on its ionization states. In each mechanism hydration is essential to suppressing the otherwise predominant dissociation of reaction intermediates back to reactants. The oxidation of deprotonated histidine in the gas phase involves the formation of 2,4-endoperoxide and 2-hydroperoxide of imidazole. These intermediates evolve to hydrated imidazolone in solution, and the latter either undergoes ring-closure to 6α-hydoxy-2-oxo-octahydro-pyrrolo[2,3-d]imidazole-5-carboxylate or cross-links with another histidine to form a dimeric product. In contrast, the oxidation of protonated histidine is mediated by 2,5-endoperoxide and 5-hydroperoxide, which convert to stable hydrated imidazolone end-product in solution. The contrasting mechanisms and reaction efficiencies of protonated vs. deprotonated histidine, which lead to pH dependence in the photooxidation of histidine, are interpreted in terms of the chemistry of imidazole with (1)O2. The biological implications of the results are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangwei Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd., Queens, New York 11367, USA.
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17
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Singh VP, Poon JF, Butcher RJ, Engman L. Pyridoxine-Derived Organoselenium Compounds with Glutathione Peroxidase-Like and Chain-Breaking Antioxidant Activity. Chemistry 2014; 20:12563-71. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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18
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Theoretical insights on the antioxidant activity of edaravone free radical scavengers derivatives. Chem Phys Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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19
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20
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Mujika JI, Uranga J, Matxain JM. Computational study on the attack of ·OH radicals on aromatic amino acids. Chemistry 2013; 19:6862-73. [PMID: 23536477 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The attack of hydroxyl radicals on aromatic amino acid side chains, namely phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan, have been studied by using density functional theory. Two reaction mechanisms were considered: 1) Addition reactions onto the aromatic ring atoms and 2) hydrogen abstraction from all of the possible atoms on the side chains. The thermodynamics and kinetics of the attack of a maximum of two hydroxyl radicals were studied, considering the effect of different protein environments at two different dielectric values (4 and 80). The obtained theoretical results explain how the radical attacks take place and provide new insight into the reasons for the experimentally observed preferential mechanism. These results indicate that, even though the attack of the first (·)OH radical on an aliphatic C atom is energetically favored, the larger delocalization and concomitant stabilization that are obtained by attack on the aromatic side chain prevail. Thus, the obtained theoretical results are in agreement with the experimental evidence that the aromatic side chain is the main target for radical attack and show that the first (·)OH radical is added onto the aromatic ring, whereas a second radical abstracts a hydrogen atom from the same position to obtain the oxidized product. Moreover, the results indicate that the reaction can be favored in the buried region of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Mujika
- Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) and Donostia International Physics Center, PK 1072, 20080 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain.
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21
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Singh VP, Poon JF, Engman L. Turning Pyridoxine into a Catalytic Chain-Breaking and Hydroperoxide-Decomposing Antioxidant. J Org Chem 2013; 78:1478-87. [DOI: 10.1021/jo3024297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay P. Singh
- Department of Chemistry−BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jia-fei Poon
- Department of Chemistry−BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Engman
- Department of Chemistry−BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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22
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Liu F, Emre R, Lu W, Liu J. Oxidation of gas-phase hydrated protonated/deprotonated cysteine: how many water ligands are sufficient to approach solution-phase photooxidation chemistry? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:20496-509. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp53736f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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23
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Lu J, Li C, Chai YF, Yang DY, Sun CR. The antioxidant effect of imine resveratrol analogues. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:5744-7. [PMID: 22832313 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Yuquan Campus, Zhejiang University, No. 38, Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, PR China
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24
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Theoretical study of the pH-dependent antioxidant properties of vitamin C. J Mol Model 2012; 19:1945-52. [PMID: 22678081 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-012-1465-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Molecules acting as antioxidants capable of scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) are of utmost importance in the living cell. Vitamin C is known to be one of these molecules. In this study we have analyzed the reactivity of vitamin C toward the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] ROS species, in all acidic, neutral and basic media. In order to do so, density functional theory (DFT) have been used. More concretely, the meta-GGA functional MPW1B95 have been used. Two reaction types have been studied in each case: addition to the ring atoms, and hydrogen/proton abstraction. Our results show that [Formula: see text] is the most reactive species, while [Formula: see text] displays low reactivity. In all three media, vitamin C reactions with two hydroxyl radicals show a wide variety of possible products.
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25
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Liu F, Fang Y, Chen Y, Liu J. Reactions of Deprotonated Tyrosine and Tryptophan with Electronically Excited Singlet Molecular Oxygen (a1Δg): A Guided-Ion-Beam Scattering, Statistical Modeling, and Trajectory Study. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:6369-79. [DOI: 10.1021/jp303022b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fangwei Liu
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Queens College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York,
65-30 Kissena Blvd., Flushing, New York 11367, United States
| | - Yigang Fang
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Queens College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York,
65-30 Kissena Blvd., Flushing, New York 11367, United States
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Queens College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York,
65-30 Kissena Blvd., Flushing, New York 11367, United States
| | - Jianbo Liu
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Queens College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York,
65-30 Kissena Blvd., Flushing, New York 11367, United States
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26
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The antioxidative effect of de novo generated vitamin B6 in Plasmodium falciparum validated by protein interference. Biochem J 2012; 443:397-405. [PMID: 22242896 DOI: 10.1042/bj20111542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum is able to synthesize de novo PLP (pyridoxal 5'-phosphate), the active form of vitamin B6. In the present study, we have shown that the de novo synthesized PLP is used by the parasite to detoxify 1O2 (singlet molecular oxygen), a highly destructive reactive oxygen species arising from haemoglobin digestion. The formation of 1O2 and the response of the parasite were monitored by live-cell fluorescence microscopy, by transcription analysis and by determination of PLP levels in the parasite. Pull-down experiments of transgenic parasites overexpressing the vitamin B6-biosynthetic enzymes PfPdx1 and PfPdx2 clearly demonstrated an interaction of the two proteins in vivo which results in an elevated PLP level from 12.5 μM in wild-type parasites to 36.6 μM in the PfPdx1/PfPdx2-overexpressing cells and thus to a higher tolerance towards 1O2. In contrast, by applying the dominant-negative effect on the cellular level using inactive mutants of PfPdx1 and PfPdx2, P. falciparum becomes susceptible to 1O2. Our results demonstrate clearly the crucial role of vitamin B6 biosynthesis in the detoxification of 1O2 in P. falciparum. Besides the known role of PLP as a cofactor of many essential enzymes, this second important task of the vitamin B6 de novo synthesis as antioxidant emphasizes the high potential of this pathway as a target of new anti-malarial drugs.
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27
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Samuel D, Norrell K, Hilmey DG. Novel ring chemistry of vitamin B6 with singlet oxygen and an activated ene: isolated products and identified intermediates suggesting an operable [3 + 2] cycloaddition. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:7278-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26067k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Wu M, Xu Q, Strid Å, Martell JM, Eriksson LA. Theoretical Study of Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) Photolysis. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:13556-63. [DOI: 10.1021/jp205724k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gothenburg, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Qi Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Breton University, Sydney NS, Canada B1P 6L2
| | - Åke Strid
- Örebro Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, 70182 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Jaime M. Martell
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Breton University, Sydney NS, Canada B1P 6L2
| | - Leif A. Eriksson
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gothenburg, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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29
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Liu F, Fang Y, Chen Y, Liu J. Dissociative Excitation Energy Transfer in the Reactions of Protonated Cysteine and Tryptophan with Electronically Excited Singlet Molecular Oxygen (a1Δg). J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:9898-909. [DOI: 10.1021/jp205235d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fangwei Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Boulevard, Flushing, New York 11367, United States
| | - Yigang Fang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Boulevard, Flushing, New York 11367, United States
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Boulevard, Flushing, New York 11367, United States
| | - Jianbo Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Boulevard, Flushing, New York 11367, United States
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30
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Ristilä M, Strid H, Eriksson LA, Strid A, Sävenstrand H. The role of the pyridoxine (vitamin B6) biosynthesis enzyme PDX1 in ultraviolet-B radiation responses in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2011; 49:284-92. [PMID: 21288732 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2011.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Revised: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet-B radiation regulates plant growth and morphology at low and ambient fluence rates but can severely impact on plants at higher doses. Some plant UV-B responses are related to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pyridoxine (vitamin B(6)) has been reported to be a quencher of ROS. UV-B irradiation of Arabidopsis Col-0 plants resulted in increased levels of PDX1 protein, compared with UV-A-exposed plants. This was shown by immunoblot analysis using specific polyclonal antibodies raised against the recombinant PDX1.3 protein and confirmed by mass spectrometry analysis of immunoprecipitated PDX1. The protein was located mainly in the cytosol but also to a small extent in the membrane fraction of plant leaves. Immunohistochemical analysis performed in pea revealed that PDX1 is present in UV-B-exposed leaf mesophyll and palisade parenchyma but not in epidermal cells. Pyridoxine production increased in Col-0 plants exposed to 3 days of UV-B, whereas in an Arabidopsis pdx1.3 mutant UV-B did not induce pyridoxine biosynthesis. In gene expression studies performed after UV-B exposure, the pdx1.3 mutant showed elevated transcript levels for the LHCB1*3 gene (encoding a chlorophyll a/b-binding protein of the photosystem II light-harvesting antenna complex) and the pathogenesis-related protein 5 (PR-5) gene, compared with wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Ristilä
- School of Science and Technology and Örebro Life Science Centre, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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31
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Cerón-Carrasco JP, Bastida A, Requena A, Zúñiga J, Miguel B. A theoretical study of the reaction of beta-carotene with the nitrogen dioxide radical in solution. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:4366-72. [PMID: 20201503 DOI: 10.1021/jp911846h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A theoretical study of the reaction of beta-carotene (BC) with the nitrogen dioxide radical (NO2*) in solution is carried out using the density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level, to optimize the molecular geometries, and the polarizable continuum model (PCM), to account for solvent effects. The three most important reaction mechanisms--electron transfer from beta-carotene to the radical, hydrogen abstraction by the radical, and radical addition to form an adduct--are studied in detail. Three solvents with different polarities--heptane, methanol, and water--are employed to investigate the effect of the environment on the reaction mechanisms. Our results show that electron transfer is thermodynamically favored only in the polar solvents, the abstraction reactions are spontaneous in the three solvents, although faster in the polar ones, and the addition reactions are all endergonic and, therefore, unlikely to occur in any of the solvents. In both the abstraction and addition mechanisms, the attack of the radical takes place preferentially at the beta-ionone rings, in particular at positions H4 and C5, respectively. The higher stability of the reaction products in these cases is explained in terms of their molecular geometries and electronic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Cerón-Carrasco
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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32
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Comparisons of uptake and cell surface binding among pyridoxal, pyridoxine, and pyridoxamine in RAW264.7 cells. Nutrition 2010; 26:648-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2009.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2009] [Revised: 08/04/2009] [Accepted: 08/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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33
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Wu H, Cui C, Song Q, Wang H, Wu A. Theoretical study of the peroxidation of chlorophenols in gas phase and aqueous solutions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2009.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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34
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Matxain JM, Padro D, Ristilä M, Strid A, Eriksson LA. Evidence of high *OH radical quenching efficiency by vitamin B6. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:9629-32. [PMID: 19558175 DOI: 10.1021/jp903023c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Molecules acting as antioxidants capable of scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) are of the utmost importance in the living cell. The antioxidative properties of pyridoxine (vitamin B6) have recently been discovered. Previous theoretical calculations have shown a high reactivity of pyridoxine toward hydroxyl radicals, where the latter preferably abstract H from either carbon of the two methanol substituents (C8 or C9). In this study, we have explored the reactivity of pyridoxine toward further hydroxyl radicals, considering as the first step the H abstraction from either C8 or C9, also including addition reactions and cyclization. Many of the reactions display similar DeltaG, and hence, the quenching of hydroxyl radicals by pyridoxine may undergo different pathways leading to a mix of products. In addition, we observe that pyridoxine, under high hydroxyl radical concentrations, may scavenge up to eight radicals, supporting its observed high antioxidant activity.
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36
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Takeuchi PL, Antunes LMG, Takahashi CS. Modulation of doxorubicin-induced clastogenesis in Wistar rat bone marrow cells by vitamin B6. Arch Toxicol 2008; 82:869-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-008-0308-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2007] [Accepted: 04/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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37
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Kucuk O, Kahraman A, Kurt I, Yildiz N, Onmaz AC. A combination of zinc and pyridoxine supplementation to the diet of laying hens improves performance and egg quality. Biol Trace Elem Res 2008; 126:165-75. [PMID: 18719859 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-008-8190-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2008] [Accepted: 06/23/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate whether zinc, along with pyridoxine, is effective in improving performance and egg quality of laying hens. One hundred and twenty, 28-week-old Hy-Line laying hens were assigned to four treatment groups, 30 hens each. The birds were fed a basal diet or the basal diet supplemented with either 30 mg of zinc/kg of diet, 8 mg of pyridoxine/kg of diet, or 30 mg of zinc plus 8 mg of pyridoxine/kg of diet. Feed conversion (P < 0.01) and egg production (P < 0.01) improved most when both zinc and pyridoxine were supplemented to the diet. Eggshell weights were also greatest (P < 0.01) when the diet was supplemented with both pyridoxine and zinc. Egg-shape index was, however, greatest with zinc-supplemented diet (P < 0.004). Haugh unit was greatest in eggs of hens fed a diet supplemented with both zinc and pyridoxine (P < 0.01). Dietary zinc and pyridoxine supplementations together increased plasma calcium and phosphorous concentrations (P < 0.002). The results of the present study suggested that zinc (30 ppm) and pyridoxine (8 ppm) supplements, when used together, are recommended in terms of a better performance and egg quality in laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Kucuk
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Erciyes University School of Veterinary Medicine, Kayseri 38090, Turkey.
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