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Mathur A, Kumari R, Meena VP, Singh VP, Azar AT, Hameed IA. Data-driven optimization for microgrid control under distributed energy resource variability. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10806. [PMID: 38734728 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58767-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The integration of renewable energy resources into the smart grids improves the system resilience, provide sustainable demand-generation balance, and produces clean electricity with minimal leakage currents. However, the renewable sources are intermittent in nature. Therefore, it is necessary to develop scheduling strategy to optimise hybrid PV-wind-controllable distributed generator based Microgrids in grid-connected and stand-alone modes of operation. In this manuscript, a priority-based cost optimization function is developed to show the relative significance of one cost component over another for the optimal operation of the Microgrid. The uncertainties associated with various intermittent parameters in Microgrid have also been introduced in the proposed scheduling methodology. The objective function includes the operating cost of CDGs, the emission cost associated with CDGs, the battery cost, the cost of grid energy exchange, and the cost associated with load shedding. A penalty function is also incorporated in the cost function for violations of any constraints. Multiple scenarios are generated using Monte Carlo simulation to model uncertain parameters of Microgrid (MG). These scenarios consist of the worst as well as the best possible cases, reflecting the microgrid's real-time operation. Furthermore, these scenarios are reduced by using a k-means clustering algorithm. The reduced procedures for uncertain parameters will be used to obtain the minimum cost of MG with the help of an optimisation algorithm. In this work, a meta-heuristic approach, grey wolf optimisation (GWO), is used to minimize the developed cost optimisation function of MG. The standard LV Microgrid CIGRE test network is used to validate the proposed methodology. Results are obtained for different cases by considering different priorities to the sub-objectives using GWO algorithm. The obtained results are compared with the results of Jaya and PSO (particle swarm optimization) algorithms to validate the efficacy of the GWO method for the proposed optimization problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhilesh Mathur
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302017, India
| | - Ruchi Kumari
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302017, India
| | - V P Meena
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302017, India.
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Bengaluru, India.
| | - V P Singh
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302017, India
| | - Ahmad Taher Azar
- College of Computer and Information Sciences, Prince Sultan University, 11586, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- Automated Systems and Soft Computing Lab (ASSCL), Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Benha University, Benha, 13518, Egypt.
| | - Ibrahim A Hameed
- Department of ICT and Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Larsgardsvegen, 2, 6009, Alesund, Norway.
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Dong H, Huang S, Wang H, Shi H, Singh VP, She D, Huang Q, Leng G, Gao L, Wei X, Peng J. Effects of interaction of multiple large-scale atmospheric circulations on precipitation dynamics in China. Sci Total Environ 2024; 923:171528. [PMID: 38460687 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Different scenarios of precipitation, that lead to such phenomena as droughts and floods are influenced by concurrent multiple teleconnection factors. However, the multivariate relationship between precipitation indices and teleconnection factors, including large-scale atmospheric circulations and sea surface temperature signals in China, is rarely explored. Understanding this relationship is crucial for drought early warning systems and effective response strategies. In this study, we comprehensively investigated the combined effects of multiple large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns on precipitation changes in China. Specifically, Pearson correlation analysis and Partial Wavelet Coherence (PWC) were used to identify the primary teleconnection factors influencing precipitation dynamics. Furthermore, we used the cross-wavelet method to elucidate the temporal lag and periodic relationships between multiple teleconnection factors and their interactions. Finally, the multiple wavelet coherence analysis method was used to identify the dominant two-factor and three-factor combinations shaping precipitation dynamics. This analysis facilitated the quantification and determination of interaction types and influencing pathways of teleconnection factors on precipitation dynamics, respectively. The results showed that: (1) the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), EI Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), East Asia Summer Monsoon (EASM), and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) were dominant teleconnection factors influencing Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) dynamics; (2) significant correlation and leading or lagging relationships at different timescales generally existed for various teleconnection factors, where AMO was mainly leading the other factors with positive correlation, while ENSO and Southern Oscillation (SO) were mainly lagging behind other factors with prolonged correlations; and (3) the interactions between teleconnection factors were quantified into three types: enhancing, independent and offsetting effects. Specifically, the enhancing effect of two-factor combinations was stronger than the offsetting effect, where AMO + NAO (North Atlantic Oscillation) and AMO + AO (Atlantic Oscillation) had a larger distribution area in southern China. Conversely, the offsetting effect of three-factor combinations was more significant than that of the two-factor combinations, which was mainly distributed in northeast and northwest regions of China. This study sheds new light on the mechanisms of modulation and pathways of influencing various large-scale factors on seasonal precipitation dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulic in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Shengzhi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulic in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, State Key Lab Simulat & Regular Water Cycle River, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Haiyun Shi
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Vijay P Singh
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering & Zachry Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, 77843, USA; National Water & Energy Center, UAE University Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dunxian She
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulic in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Guoyong Leng
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Liang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City and Department of Ocean Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, China
| | - Xiaoting Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulic in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Jian Peng
- Department of Remote Sensing, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany; Remote Sensing Centre for Earth System Research, Leipzig University, Leipzig 04103, Germany
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Jahangir S, Khatua B, Smichi N, Rajalingamgari P, Pillai AN, Summers MJ, McFayden B, Kostenko S, Gades NM, Singh VP. Buprenorphine Affects the Initiation and Severity of Interleukin Induced Acute Pancreatitis in Mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38651230 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00083.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common disease with no targeted therapy and has varied outcomes ranging from spontaneous resolution to being lethal. While typically painful, AP can also be painless. Various agents, including opioids are used for pain control in AP; the risks, and benefits of which are often debated. Since experimental AP in mice is used to study the efficacy of potential therapies, we studied the effect of a commonly used opioid buprenorphine on the initiation and progression of AP. For this we administered extended-release buprenorphine subcutaneously prior to inducing the previously established severe AP model that uses Interleukins 12 and 18 (IL12,18) in genetically obese (ob/ob) mice and compared this to mice with AP but without the drug. Mice were monitored over 3 days and parameters of AP induction and progression were compared. Buprenorphine significantly reduced the serum amylase, lipase, pancreatic necrosis, and AP associated fat necrosis which is ubiquitous in obese mice and humans. Buprenorphine delayed the AP associated reduction of carotid artery pulse distention, and development of hypothermia, hastened renal injury, and muted the early increase in respiratory rate vs. IL12,18 alone. The site of buprenorphine injection appeared erythematous, inflamed, and microscopically showed thinning, loss of epidermal layers which had increased apoptosis. In summary, subcutaneous extended-release buprenorphine interfered with the induction of AP by reducing serum amylase, lipase, pancreatic and fat necrosis, the worsening of AP by delaying hypotension, hypothermia, while hastening renal injury, respiratory depression, and causing cutaneous injury at the site of injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jahangir
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | | | - Nabil Smichi
- Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | | | | | - Megan J Summers
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Bryce McFayden
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Sergiy Kostenko
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Naomi M Gades
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Vijay P Singh
- Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
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Qiu R, Wang D, Singh VP, Wang Y, Wu J. Integration of deep learning and improved multi-objective algorithm to optimize reservoir operation for balancing human and downstream ecological needs. Water Res 2024; 253:121314. [PMID: 38368733 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Dam (reservoir)-induced alterations of flow and water temperature regimes can threaten downstream fish habitats and native aquatic ecosystems. Alleviating the negative environmental impacts of dam-reservoir and balancing the multiple purposes of reservoir operation have attracted wide attention. While previous studies have incorporated ecological flow requirements in reservoir operation strategies, a comprehensive analysis of trade-offs among hydropower benefits, ecological flow, and ecological water temperature demands is lacking. Hence, this study develops a multi-objective ecological scheduling model, considering total power generation, ecological flow guarantee index, and ecological water temperature guarantee index simultaneously. The model is based on an integrated multi-objective simulation-optimization (MOSO) framework which is applied to Three Gorges Reservoir. To that end, first, a hybrid long short-term memory and one-dimensional convolutional neural network (LSTM_1DCNN) model is utilized to simulate the dam discharge temperature. Then, an improved epsilon multi-objective ant colony optimization for continuous domain algorithm (ε-MOACOR) is proposed to investigate the trade-offs among the competing objectives. Results show that LSTM _1DCNN outperforms other competing models in predicting dam discharge temperature. The conflicts among economic and ecological objectives are often prominent. The proposed ε-MOACOR has potential in resolving such conflicts and has high efficiency in solving multi-objective benchmark tests as well as reservoir optimization problem. More realistic and pragmatic Pareto-optimal solutions for typical dry, normal and wet years can be generated by the MOSO framework. The ecological water temperature guarantee index objective, which should be considered in reservoir operation, can be improved as inflow discharge increases or the temporal distribution of dam discharge volume becomes more uneven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujian Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, Department of Hydrosciences, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, Department of Hydrosciences, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Vijay P Singh
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Zachry Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; and National Water and Energy Center, UAE University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Yuankun Wang
- School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jichun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, Department of Hydrosciences, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
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Singh VP, Gorelick FS. Has a Hundred Years of Pursuing Proteases Helped to Palliate Pain in Chronic Pancreatitis More Than Placebo? Gastroenterology 2024; 166:559-561. [PMID: 38311123 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2024.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay P Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona.
| | - Fred S Gorelick
- Department of Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, and Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; VA Connecticut, West Haven, Connecticut
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Chatterjee D, Singh PK, Singh D, Singh VP. A novel partitioning of gross primary production and water use efficiency for sustaining water and food security using Budyko hypothesis. Sci Total Environ 2024; 912:169283. [PMID: 38110096 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
This study coupled the green water and blue water accounting with the existing standard Budyko framework and Fu's 1-parameter Budyko framework to diagnose the basin hydrological behavior. Both Budyko frameworks were employed to determine green water consumption (ETGreen) and blue water consumption (ETBlue) which, in turn, were used to map the blue water index (BWI) hotspots and green water index (GWI) bright spots. The relative contributions of green water and blue water were quantified for sustaining water and food security. A new methodology is proposed using BWI and GWI for partitioning the Gross Primary Production (GPP) and Water Use Efficiency (WUE) into GPPBlue, GPPGreen and WUEBlue and WUEGreen. The methodology was applied to five sub-basins of the Central Godavari River Basin (CGRB): Purna, Dhalegaon, GR Bridge, Yeli and Delta. Results showed that all five basins exhibited larger deviations from the theoretical Budyko curve of Fu's 1-parameter Budyko framework than did the standard Budyko framework and the Dhalegaon basin showed the largest deviations. The partitioning of GPP and WUE by the proposed methodology showed that the proportion of GPPGreen to the total GPP was much higher than that of the GPPBlue. Similarly, the proportion of WUEGreen to WUE was more than that of WUEBlue. The mapping of GPPBlue and GPPGreen, and WUEBlue and WUEGreen showed that the Delta and Yeli basins had the highest values of both GPPGreen & GPPBlue and WUEBlue and WUEGreen (bright spot basins) and the Dhalegaon and parts of GR Bridge basin had the lowest values (hot spot basins). The proposed partitioning of GPP and WUE will help identify the relative contributions of green water and blue water (for managing agricultural waters) and formulate agronomical and engineering practices for stakeholders and policy makers for increasing the overall WUE and GPP to sustain water and food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debrupa Chatterjee
- Symbiosis Institute of Geo-informatics, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune 411016, India
| | - Pushpendra Kumar Singh
- Water Resources Systems Division, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Dharmaveer Singh
- Symbiosis Institute of Geo-informatics, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune 411016, India.
| | - Vijay P Singh
- Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering, Zachry Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2117, USA
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Chhillar B, Kadian R, Kumar M, Yadav M, Sodhi N, Xavier da Silva TN, Friedmann Angeli JP, Singh VP. Aminic Organoselenium Compounds as Glutathione Peroxidase Mimics and Inhibitors of Ferroptosis. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202400074. [PMID: 38293899 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of diarylamine-based organoselenium compounds via the nucleophilic substitution reactions has been described. Symmetrical monoselenides and diselenides were conveniently synthesized by the reduction of their corresponding selenocyanates using sodium borohydride. Selenocyanates were obtained from 2-chloro acetamides by the nucleophilic displacement with potassium selenocyanate. Selenides were synthesized by treating the 2-chloro acetamides with in situ generated sodium butyl selenolate as nucleophile. Further, the newly synthesized organoselenium compounds were evaluated for their glutathione peroxidase (GPx)-like activity in thiophenol assay. This study revealed that the methoxy-substituted organoselenium compounds showed significant effect on the GPx-like activity. The catalytic parameters for the most efficient catalysts were also determined. The anti-ferroptotic activity for all GPx-mimics evaluated in a 4-OH-tamoxifen (TAM) inducible GPx4 knockout cell line using liproxstatin as standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babli Chhillar
- Department of Chemistry & Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Sector-14, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Rajni Kadian
- Department of Chemistry & Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Sector-14, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Chemistry & Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Sector-14, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Manisha Yadav
- Department of Chemistry & Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Sector-14, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Nikhil Sodhi
- Department of Chemistry & Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Sector-14, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Thamara Nishida Xavier da Silva
- Rudolf Virchow Zentrum, Centre for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, Julius-Maximillian, University of Wurzburg, 97080, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Jose Pedro Friedmann Angeli
- Rudolf Virchow Zentrum, Centre for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, Julius-Maximillian, University of Wurzburg, 97080, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Vijay P Singh
- Department of Chemistry & Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Sector-14, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
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Katubi KM, Alsulami RA, Albarqi MM, Alrowaili ZA, Kebaili I, Singh VP, Al-Buriahi MS. Radiation Shielding efficiency of lead-tungsten-boron glasses with Sb, Al, and Bi against gamma, neutron and charge particles. Appl Radiat Isot 2024; 204:111139. [PMID: 38104471 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.111139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
We report on newly developed nuclear shielding glass system based on lead-tungsten-boron (PWB) for radiation applications against photon, neutron and charge particles. This newly developed system contains also different additions, in low concentrations, such as Sb, Al and Bi. The gamma/photon shielding performance was tested by using FLUKA Monte Carlo. Moreover, the shielding efficiency of the present system is examined against charged particles (light and heavy ones) and neutrons. The highest gamma/photons attenuation is observed in the lowest incident energy and this is at the region of the photoelectric absorption. We also observe that the values of effective atomic number (Zeff) show a peak at 100 keV incident energy. The reduction of these values is higher for photon energy range 0.1-1 MeV than below 80 keV energies. The lowest half value layer (d1/2), reflecting the best shielding efficiency, is recorded for the PWB-Bi system. The PWB-Bi system demonstrates promising performance better than many of commercial and standard systems and heavy concretes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijah Mohammedsaleh Katubi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P .O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raed A Alsulami
- Nuclear Technologies Institute (NTI), King Abdulaziz City for Science & Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh, 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mubarak M Albarqi
- Nuclear Technologies Institute (NTI), King Abdulaziz City for Science & Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh, 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Z A Alrowaili
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O.Box:2014, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imen Kebaili
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - V P Singh
- Department of Physics, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580003, India
| | - M S Al-Buriahi
- Department of Physics, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
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El Kurdi B, Imam Z, Abonofal A, Babar S, Shah P, Pannala R, Papachristou G, Echavarria J, Pisipati S, Jahangir S, Rajalingamgari P, Chang YHH, Singh VP. NSAIDs do not reduce severity among post-ERCP pancreatitis patients. Pancreatology 2024; 24:14-23. [PMID: 37981523 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most studied chemoprophylaxis for post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis (PEP). While previous systematic reviews have shown NSAIDs reduce PEP, their impact on moderate to severe PEP (MSPEP) is unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to understand the impact of NSAIDs on MSPEP among patients who developed PEP. We later surveyed physicians' understanding of that impact. DESIGN A systematic search for randomized trials using NSAIDs for PEP prevention was conducted. Pooled-prevalence and Odds-ratio of PEP, MSPEP were compared between treated vs. control groups. Analysis was performed using R software. Random-effects model was used for all variables. Physicians were surveyed via email before and after reviewing our results. RESULTS 7688 patients in 25 trials were included. PEP was significantly reduced to 0.598 (95%CI, 0.47-0.76) in the NSAIDs group. Overall burden of MSPEP was reduced among all patients undergoing ERCP: OR 0.59 (95%CI, 0.42-0.83). However, NSAIDs didn't affect the proportion of MSPEP among those who developed PEP (p = 0.658). Rectal Indomethacin and diclofenac reduced PEP but not MSPEP. Efficacy didn't vary by risk, timing of administration, or bias-risk. Survey revealed a change in the impression of the effect of NSAIDs on MSPEP after reviewing our results. CONCLUSIONS Rectal diclofenac or indomethacin before or after ERCP reduce the overall burden of MSPEP by reducing the pool of PEP from which it can arise. However, the proportion of MSPEP among patients who developed PEP is unaffected. Therefore, NSAIDs prevent initiation of PEP, but do not affect severity among those that develop PEP. Alternative modalities are needed to reduce MSPEP among patients who develop PEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bara El Kurdi
- Department of Internal Medicine East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Zaid Imam
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Abdulrahman Abonofal
- Department of Internal Medicine East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Sumbal Babar
- Department of Internal Medicine East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Pir Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Rahul Pannala
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Georgios Papachristou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Juan Echavarria
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Sailaja Pisipati
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Sarah Jahangir
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Prasad Rajalingamgari
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Yu-Hui H Chang
- Department of Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Vijay P Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA.
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Wu H, Tu X, Chen X, Singh VP, Alfonso L, Lin K, Liu Z, Lai R. A framework for water supply regulation in coastal areas by avoiding saltwater withdrawal considering upstream streamflow distribution. Sci Total Environ 2023; 905:167181. [PMID: 37758134 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater availability in coastal areas depends on the withdrawal from tidal rivers. It is severely threatened by saltwater intrusion, especially in the dry season. Freshwater availability is associated closely with natural factors and human activities. Limited research has investigated how freshwater availability is influenced by saltwater intrusion, streamflow, projects, etc., and how the water supply security downstream is affected by the abovementioned factors. To fill these gaps, this paper presents a new framework, i.e., water supply regulation by avoiding saltwater withdrawal (RASW). The framework is based on data on streamflow, tide, wind, the salinity of withdrawal stations, capacities of withdrawal projects and reservoirs, and water demand, which holistically develops relationships among saltwater intrusion, upstream streamflow, and water supply. The RASW contains three phases, i.e., estuary salinity-exceedance simulation, upstream streamflow distribution design, and local water supply security analysis. The proposed intellectual framework and methodology have been tested on the water supply for Zhuhai-Macao of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Great Bay Area, South China. Results demonstrated that the meta-Gaussian copula efficiently simulated the six-dimensional monthly streamflow distribution and was appropriate for streamflow distribution scenario design. Water supply security benefited greatly from the joint river-reservoir regulation mode. Nevertheless, the water supply security was threatened in the extreme scenarios when the extremely low streamflow distribution happened in the late period or lasted for an extended period. The proposed framework facilitates integrated decision-making for water supply security in coastal areas. Utilizing the streamflow distribution as a management tool and controlling them to avoid extremely low streamflow and adjust their occurrence time can alleviate water supply pressure. Moreover, the capacities of local regulating facilities should be designed with full consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiou Wu
- Center of Water Resources and Environment, School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xinjun Tu
- Center of Water Resources and Environment, School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Center of Water Security Engineering and Technology in Southern China of Guangdong, Guangzhou 510275, China; Guangdong Laboratory of Southern Ocean Science and Engineering, Zhuhai 519000, China.
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Center of Water Resources and Environment, School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Vijay P Singh
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, 2117 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Zachry Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, 2117 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA; National Water & Energy Center, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Leonardo Alfonso
- Department of Hydroinformatics and Socio-technical Innovation, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611AX Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Kairong Lin
- Center of Water Resources and Environment, School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Center of Water Resources and Environment, School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Rongbiao Lai
- Center of Water Resources and Environment, School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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11
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Yadav M, Singh VP. Glutathione Peroxidase-like Antioxidant Activity of 1,3-Benzoselenazoles: Synthesis and In Silico Molecular Docking Studies as Pancreatic Lipase Inhibitors. J Org Chem 2023; 88:16934-16948. [PMID: 38008916 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of 1,3-benzoselenazoles was achieved by the reaction of corresponding bis[3-amino-N-(p-tolyl)benzamide-2-yl] diselenide, bis[3-amino-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)benzamide-2-yl] diselenide, and bis[3-amino-N-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl) benzamide-2-yl] diselenide with aryl aldehydes. The 1,3-benzoselenazoles continued to exist as planar molecules due to the presence of secondary Se···O interactions as revealed by the single-crystal X-ray analysis. The presence of secondary Se···O interactions in 1,3-benzoselenazoles was confirmed using natural bond orbital (NBO) and atoms in molecules (AIM) calculations. Nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS) values suggested the presence of aromatic character in a five-membered benzoselenazole heterocyclic ring. The glutathione peroxidase (GPx)-like antioxidant activity of all 1,3-benzoselenazoles was assessed using a thiophenol assay, exhibiting greater antioxidant activity than Ph2Se2 used as a reference. The most active catalyst carrying a strong electron-donating group (-NMe2) at the ortho-position to the benzoselenazole ring was further investigated at different concentrations of thiophenol, H2O2, and 1,3-benzoselenazoles as catalyst for determining their catalytic parameters. Moreover, the potential applications of all 1,3-benzoselenazoles against pancreatic lipase (PL) have been identified using in silico interactions between the active sites of the 1LPB protein as evaluated using a molecular docking study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Yadav
- Department of Chemistry & Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Sector-14, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - Vijay P Singh
- Department of Chemistry & Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Sector-14, Chandigarh 160 014, India
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12
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Wang T, Tu X, Singh VP, Chen X, Lin K, Zhou Z. Drought prediction: Insights from the fusion of LSTM and multi-source factors. Sci Total Environ 2023; 902:166361. [PMID: 37595901 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
In the context of current global climate change, accurate drought prediction is crucial for water resources management and agricultural production. Although traditional drought forecasting methods largely rely on historical climatic data, these methods cannot fully consider the long-term effects of factors, such as climate change, and the evaluation of prediction results is limited. Therefore, this study proposed a drought prediction and evaluation framework based on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), integrating multi-source factors to significantly enhance the accuracy and reliability of drought prediction models. This framework applied two distinct forecasting schemes. The first scheme utilized ten diverse factors, including precipitation, evaporation, bare soil percentage area coverage, percentage crop cover, leaf area index, runoff, surface runoff, soil moisture, temperature, and total vegetated percentage cover, to predict future precipitation and evaporation, which was then used to calculate the Standardized Precipitation-Evaporation Index (SPEI) to evaluate drought characteristics. The second scheme directly used these ten factors and historical SPEI to predict future SPEI, further assessing future drought characteristics. By comparing the drought prediction results of the two schemes in terms of data statistics, drought characteristics, and spatial patterns, it was found that the LSTM model significantly improved accuracy when handling high-dimensional complex data and predicting key factors such as precipitation, evaporation, temperature, and soil moisture. The first scheme was more accurate when predicting severe and extreme droughts, whereas the second scheme was more sensitive to predicting moderate and mild droughts and exhibited higher stability and regularity in predicting the spatial variability of drought. In summary, LSTM has made significant improvements in the accuracy, stability, and reliability of drought prediction, providing stronger support for practical applications, such as agriculture and water resources management, and offering a new research tool for further climate change research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Wang
- Center of Water Resources and Environment, School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xinjun Tu
- Center of Water Resources and Environment, School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Center of Water Security Engineering and Technology in Southern China of Guangdong, Guangzhou 510275, China; Guangdong Laboratory of Southern Ocean Science and Engineering, Zhuhai 519000, China.
| | - Vijay P Singh
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, 2117, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Zachry Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, 2117, College Station, TX 77843, USA; National Water & Energy Center, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Center of Water Resources and Environment, School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Kairong Lin
- Center of Water Resources and Environment, School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zonglin Zhou
- Center of Water Resources and Environment, School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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13
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Li J, Lu X, Wang X, Singh VP, Yang C, Chen L, Zhang Y. Assessing the long-term impact of cascade hydropower development on the inundation patterns of floodplain wetlands. J Environ Manage 2023; 346:118948. [PMID: 37717396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The inundation process of floodplain wetlands plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of river ecosystems, which are highly sensitive to hydrological alteration. Nevertheless, the specific mechanisms through which these hydrological changes affect the inundation patterns of floodplain wetlands are still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the impact mechanism of cascade hydropower development on the inundation process of floodplain wetlands. Multitemporal remote sensing datasets and long-term hydrometeorological data series were utilized in this study. By employing the water appearance frequency (WAF) index, wetland hydrological stability assessment, and wavelet analysis, the inundation changes in floodplain wetlands and the underlying hydrological driving mechanisms were examined. The results revealed significant alterations in the inundation frequency of floodplain wetlands due to the construction of upstream dams. Specifically, the construction of the Danjiangkou and Wangfuzhou dams led to an increase in the total inundated area of Part A (16.09 km2) and Part B (76.93 km2), respectively. Conversely, the moderate frequency inundation zone in Part C decreased (26.7 km2) after the construction of the Cuijiaying Dam. The typical floodplain wetland 7 shifted from high to low (8.94 km2) stability after the construction of the Cuijiaying Dam. Furthermore, the cascade hydropower dam construction resulted in increased fluctuations in downstream water discharge. This study provides an effective approach to understanding the impact of cascade hydropower dams on the inundation process of floodplain wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Key Laboratory for Environment and Disaster Monitoring and Evaluation of Hubei, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430077, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaorong Lu
- Key Laboratory for Environment and Disaster Monitoring and Evaluation of Hubei, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430077, China.
| | - Xuelei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Environment and Disaster Monitoring and Evaluation of Hubei, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430077, China.
| | - Vijay P Singh
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering & Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, 2117, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Chao Yang
- Ecological Environment Monitoring and Scientific Research Center, Yangtze River Basin Ecological Environment Supervision and Administration Bureau, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Wuhan, 430010, China
| | - Liang Chen
- School of Tourism, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Yihang Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Environment and Disaster Monitoring and Evaluation of Hubei, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430077, China
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14
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Han J, Singh VP. A review of widely used drought indices and the challenges of drought assessment under climate change. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:1438. [PMID: 37943470 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12062-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Under climate change, drought assessment, which can address nonstationarity in drought indicators and anthropogenic implications, is required to mitigate drought impacts. However, the development of drought indices for a reliable drought assessment is a challenging task in the warming climate. Thus, this study discusses factors that should be considered in developing drought indices in changing climate. Inconsistent drought assessment can be obtained, depending on the baseline period defined in developing drought indices. Therefore, the baseline period should represent the contemporary climate but should also correspond to long enough observations for stable parameter estimation. The importance of accurate potential evapotranspiration (PET) for drought indices becomes higher under a warming climate. Although the Penman-Monteith method yields accurate PET values, depending on the climate and vegetation cover, other suitable PET formulas, such as the Hargreaves method, with fewer hydrometeorological data can be used. Since a single drought index is not enough to properly monitor drought evolution, a method that can objectively combine multiple drought indices is required. Besides, quantifying anthropogenic impacts, which can add more uncertainty, on drought assessment is also important to adapt to the changing drought conditions and minimize human-induced drought. Drought is expected to occur more frequently with more severe, longer, and larger areal extent under global warming, since a more arid background, which climate change will provide, intensifies land-atmosphere feedback, leading to the desiccation of land and drying atmosphere. Thus, an accurate drought assessment, based on robust drought indices, is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongwoo Han
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2117, USA.
| | - Vijay P Singh
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2117, USA
- Zachary Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2117, USA
- National Water & Energy Center, UAE University, AL Ain, United Arab Emirates
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15
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Manjunatha, Hosamani MM, Hiremath GB, Vinayak A, Singh VP, Bennal AS, Badiger NM. An experimental approach to determine the gamma radiation interaction mean free path and exposure buildup factor for biomolecules. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 201:111012. [PMID: 37703810 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.111012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
This experimental approach was designed to understand the gamma interaction parameters for the essential biomolecules, including starch soluble, cholesterol, myristic acid, glucose, oxalic acid, dextrose, salicylic acid, ethyl cellulose and sucrose. The empirical determination of gamma interaction parameters, such as interaction mean-free-path (MFP), buildup factor, and effective atomic number (Zeff) was performed by measuring mass attenuation coefficient (μ/ρ) at energies of 356 keV, 511 keV, 662 keV, 1173 keV, 1275 keV and 1332 keV. This was achieved using weak radioactive sources and a NaI(Tl) scintillation spectrometer with collimated and non-collimated transmission geometry. The experimentally determined values of gamma-ray interaction parameters were obtained non-destructively and precisely agreeing with the expected values from simulations and codes. In addition, the research findings also revealed a novel trend in gamma interaction mean free path as a function of energy and variable buildup factors for the selected biomolecules. These research findings provide valuable insight into the process of gamma radiation interaction. This approach may fulfil the increasing demand of medical, technical and academic research laboratories for a cost-effective and reliable empirical methodology to understand gamma radiation interaction with matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjunatha
- Department of Studies in Physics, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580003, India
| | - M M Hosamani
- Department of Studies in Physics, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580003, India; Department of Physics, Bangalore University, Bangalore, 560056, India
| | - G B Hiremath
- School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubli, 580031, India
| | - A Vinayak
- Department of Studies in Physics, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580003, India
| | - V P Singh
- Department of Studies in Physics, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580003, India
| | - A S Bennal
- Department of Studies in Physics, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580003, India.
| | - N M Badiger
- School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubli, 580031, India
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16
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Kostenko S, Khatua B, Trivedi S, Pillai AN, McFayden B, Morsy M, Rajalingamgari P, Sharma V, Noel P, Patel K, El-Kurdi B, Borges da Silva H, Chen X, Chandan V, Navina S, Vela S, Cartin-Ceba R, Snozek C, Singh VP. Amphipathic Liponecrosis Impairs Bacterial Clearance and Causes Infection During Sterile Inflammation. Gastroenterology 2023; 165:999-1015. [PMID: 37263302 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Although transient bacteremia is common during dental and endoscopic procedures, infections developing during sterile diseases like acute pancreatitis (AP) can have grave consequences. We examined how impaired bacterial clearance may cause this transition. METHODS Blood samples from patients with AP, normal controls, and rodents with pancreatitis or those administered different nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) were analyzed for albumin-unbound NEFAs, microbiome, and inflammatory cell injury. Macrophage uptake of unbound NEFAs using a novel coumarin tracer were done and the downstream effects-NEFA-membrane phospholipid (phosphatidylcholine) interactions-were studied on isothermal titration calorimetry. RESULTS Patients with infected AP had higher circulating unsaturated NEFAs; unbound NEFAs, including linoleic acid (LA) and oleic acid (OA); higher bacterial 16S DNA; mitochondrial DNA; altered β-diversity; enrichment in Pseudomonadales; and increased annexin V-positive myeloid (CD14) and CD3-positive T cells on admission. These, and increased circulating dead inflammatory cells, were also noted in rodents with unbound, unsaturated NEFAs. Isothermal titration calorimetry showed progressively stronger unbound LA interactions with aqueous media, phosphatidylcholine, cardiolipin, and albumin. Unbound NEFAs were taken into protein-free membranes, cells, and mitochondria, inducing voltage-dependent anion channel oligomerization, reducing ATP, and impairing phagocytosis. These were reversed by albumin. In vivo, unbound LA and OA increased bacterial loads and impaired phagocytosis, causing infection. LA and OA were more potent for these amphipathic interactions than the hydrophobic palmitic acid. CONCLUSIONS Release of stored LA and OA can increase their circulating unbound levels and cause amphipathic liponecrosis of immune cells via uptake by membrane phospholipids. This impairs bacterial clearance and causes infection during sterile inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bryce McFayden
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Mahmoud Morsy
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Vijeta Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Pawan Noel
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Krutika Patel
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Bara El-Kurdi
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Xianfeng Chen
- Department of Research Services, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Vishal Chandan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California
| | | | - Stacie Vela
- Gastroenterology Section, Carl T. Hayden Veterans' Administration Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Rodrigo Cartin-Ceba
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Christine Snozek
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Vijay P Singh
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona.
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17
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Beelagi R, Singh VP, Jat R, Singh PK, Rai R, Singh A, Basile B, Mataffo A, Corrado G, Kumar P. Enhancing the Fruit Yield and Quality in Pomegranate: Insights into Drip Irrigation and Mulching Strategies. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:3241. [PMID: 37765405 PMCID: PMC10535448 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a fruit tree that is globally distributed, especially in warm areas with low annual rainfall and limited water availability. This species exemplifies the critical role of water in agriculture and the need for efficient irrigation practices due to its characteristics, cultivation requirements, and geographic diffusion. In this study, we investigated the effects of drip irrigation and mulching on the vegetative growth, yield, and fruit quality attributes of pomegranate. The experiment involved three irrigation regimes (100% of evapotranspiration, 80%, and 60%) and three mulching treatments (no mulch, plastic mulch, and organic mulch) in a factorial combination. Both irrigation and mulching had significant positive influences on the yield and fruit quality attributes. Specifically, deficit irrigation strategies showed a negative impact on the fruit yield per tree, with a greater effect observed as the severity of the irrigation deficit increased. Mulching, on the other hand, led to a significant increase in the fruit yield, primarily attributed to an increase in fruit size. Furthermore, the analysis indicated that irrigation and mulching treatments had distinct effects on fruit traits such as the fruit length, width, volume, and rind thickness. Interestingly, the study highlighted that the effects of irrigation and mulching on fruit quality attributes were mostly independent of each other, suggesting an additive influence rather than an interaction between the two factors. These findings underscore the importance of considering irrigation and mulching practices for optimizing fruit quality in pomegranate cultivation, particularly in semi-arid regions. The results contribute valuable insights for farmers and researchers seeking to enhance fruit production and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjitha Beelagi
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263145, India
| | - Vijay P Singh
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263145, India
| | - Rajkumar Jat
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263145, India
| | - Pramod Kumar Singh
- Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, College of Technology, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263145, India
| | - Ratna Rai
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263145, India
| | - Akath Singh
- Division of Integrated Farming System, ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur 342003, India
| | - Boris Basile
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mataffo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Giandomenico Corrado
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Division of Integrated Farming System, ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur 342003, India
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18
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Chen Y, Xu X, Zhang X, Singh VP, Li M. Weather-driven synergistic water-economy-environment regulation of farmland ecosystems. Sci Total Environ 2023; 880:163342. [PMID: 37030391 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Farmland ecosystems (FEs) constitute the most important source of food production, and water is one of the most important factors influencing FEs. The amount of water can affect the yield and thus the economic efficiency. Water migration can generate environmental effects through the migration of fertilizers. Interlinkages and constraints exist between the water, economy and environment, which require synergistic regulation. Meteorological elements influence the reference crop uptake amount and thus the water cycle processes and are key drivers of regulation at the water-economy-environment nexus. However, the weather-driven, synergistic water-economy-environment regulation of FEs has not been sufficiently researched. As such, this paper employed a dynamic Bayesian prediction of the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and a quantitative characterization of the total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) contents in agricultural crops and soils via field monitoring and indoor experimental analysis. Consequently, multiobjective optimization modeling was conducted to weigh the mutual trade-offs and constraints between water, the economy and the environment. The proposed method was verified via an example involving the modern agricultural high-tech demonstration park in Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China. The results indicated that (1) the effect of meteorological factors gradually decreased over time, but the prediction results were very accurate, and the higher the delay order of the dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) was, the more accurate the predictions; (2) ETo was significantly driven by meteorological elements, and the most important meteorological factor influencing ETo throughout the year was average temperature. When the average temperature was reduced by 10.0 %, ETo was reduced by 1.4 %, the required amount of irrigation water was reduced by 4.9 %, and the economic benefits of a single cube of water increased by 6.3 %; (3) resource-economy-environment multidimensional synergy enabled a 12.8 % reduction in agricultural ecosystem pollutant emissions, while the economic benefits per unit of water increased by 8.2 % and the system synergy increased by 23.2 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingshan Chen
- School of water conservancy and civil engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xianghui Xu
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- School of water conservancy and civil engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Vijay P Singh
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Zachry Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843-2117, USA; National Water Center, UAE University, AI Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mo Li
- School of water conservancy and civil engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources of Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China.
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Kumar M, Chhillar B, Verma D, Nain S, Singh VP. Introduction of Methyl Group in Substituted Isoselenazolones: Catalytic and Mechanistic Study. J Org Chem 2023; 88:4273-4285. [PMID: 36930142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Copper-catalyzed direct selenation of substituted 2-bromo-N-phenylbenzamide substrates with elemental selenium powder provided a series of methoxy-substituted isoselenazolones via the C-Se and Se-N bond formations. Phenolic substituted isoselenazolones have been obtained by O-demethylation of the corresponding methoxy-substituted analogues using boron tribromide. Some isoselenazolones have been structurally characterized by X-ray single-crystal analysis. The glutathione peroxidase (GPx)-like antioxidant activity of isoselenazolones has been evaluated both in thiophenol and coupled-reductase assays. All isoselenazolones showed good GPx-like activities in the coupled-reductase assay. The ferric-reducing antioxidant power of phenolic antioxidants has also been evaluated. The best phenolic antioxidants were found to be good ferric-reducing antioxidant power agents. The single electron transfer, hydrogen atom transfer, and proton-coupled electron transfer mechanisms for the antioxidant properties of all catalysts have been supported by density functional theory calculations. The catalytic cycle was proposed for one of the phenolic isoselenazolones involving diselenide, selenenyl sulfide, selenol, and selenenic acid as intermediates using 77Se{1H} NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Department of Chemistry & Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Sector-14, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - Babli Chhillar
- Department of Chemistry & Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Sector-14, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - Divya Verma
- Department of Chemistry & Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Sector-14, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - Sumit Nain
- Department of Chemistry & Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Sector-14, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - Vijay P Singh
- Department of Chemistry & Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Sector-14, Chandigarh 160 014, India
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20
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Yadav M, Kumar M, Chahal A, Sodhi N, Chhillar B, Alajangi HK, Barnwal RP, Singh VP. Synthesis, Reactions, and Antioxidant Properties of Bis(3-amino-1-hydroxybenzyl)diselenide. J Org Chem 2023; 88:3509-3522. [PMID: 36847416 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Bis(3-amino-1-hydroxybenzyl)diselenide containing two ortho groups was synthesized from 7-nitro-3H-2,1-benzoxaselenole and in situ generated sodium benzene tellurolate (PhTeNa). One-pot synthesis of 1,3-benzoselenazoles was achieved from bis(3-amino-1-hydroxybenzyl)diselenide and aryl aldehydes using acetic acid as a catalyst. The X-ray crystal structure of chloro-substituted benzoselenazole revealed a planar structure with T-shaped geometry around the Se atom. Both natural bond orbital and atoms in molecules calculations confirmed the presence of secondary Se···H interactions in bis(3-amino-1-hydroxybenzyl)diselenide and Se···O interactions in benzoselenazoles, respectively. The glutathione peroxidase (GPx)-like antioxidant activities of all compounds were evaluated using a thiophenol assay. Bis(3-amino-1-hydroxybenzyl)diselenide and benzoselenazoles showed better GPx-like activity compared to that of the diphenyl diselenide and ebselen, used as references, respectively. Based on 77Se{1H} NMR spectroscopy, a catalytic cycle for bis(3-amino-1-hydroxybenzyl)diselenide using thiophenol and hydrogen peroxide was proposed involving selenol, selenosulfide, and selenenic acid as intermediates. The potency of all GPx mimics was confirmed by their in vitro antibacterial properties against the biofilm formation of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Additionally, molecular docking studies were used to evaluate the in silico interactions between the active sites of the TsaA and LasR-based proteins found in Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Yadav
- Department of Chemistry & Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Sector-14, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Chemistry & Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Sector-14, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - Alka Chahal
- Department of Chemistry & Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Sector-14, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - Nikhil Sodhi
- Department of Chemistry & Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Sector-14, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - Babli Chhillar
- Department of Chemistry & Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Sector-14, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - Hema Kumari Alajangi
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - Ravi Pratap Barnwal
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - Vijay P Singh
- Department of Chemistry & Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Sector-14, Chandigarh 160 014, India
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21
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Zhang Q, Shen Z, Pokhrel Y, Farinotti D, Singh VP, Xu CY, Wu W, Wang G. Oceanic climate changes threaten the sustainability of Asia's water tower. Nature 2023; 615:87-93. [PMID: 36859582 PMCID: PMC9977686 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05643-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Water resources sustainability in High Mountain Asia (HMA) surrounding the Tibetan Plateau (TP)-known as Asia's water tower-has triggered widespread concerns because HMA protects millions of people against water stress1,2. However, the mechanisms behind the heterogeneous trends observed in terrestrial water storage (TWS) over the TP remain poorly understood. Here we use a Lagrangian particle dispersion model and satellite observations to attribute about 1 Gt of monthly TWS decline in the southern TP during 2003-2016 to westerlies-carried deficit in precipitation minus evaporation (PME) from the southeast North Atlantic. We further show that HMA blocks the propagation of PME deficit into the central TP, causing a monthly TWS increase by about 0.5 Gt. Furthermore, warming-induced snow and glacial melt as well as drying-induced TWS depletion in HMA weaken the blocking of HMA's mountains, causing persistent northward expansion of the TP's TWS deficit since 2009. Future projections under two emissions scenarios verified by satellite observations during 2020-2021 indicate that, by the end of the twenty-first century, up to 84% (for scenario SSP245) and 97% (for scenario SSP585) of the TP could be afflicted by TWS deficits. Our findings indicate a trajectory towards unsustainable water systems in HMA that could exacerbate downstream water stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
- Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China.
| | - Zexi Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
- Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yadu Pokhrel
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Daniel Farinotti
- Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology (VAW), ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Vijay P Singh
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Zachry Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- National Water and Energy Center, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Chong-Yu Xu
- Department of Geosciences and Hydrology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wenhuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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22
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Kumar M, Sharma D, Singh VP. Modulation of the chain-breaking antioxidant activity of phenolic organochalcogens with various co-antioxidants at various pH values. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:1316-1327. [PMID: 36648399 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01988d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic organochalcogen chain-breaking antioxidants, i.e. 6-bromo-8 (hexadecyltellanyl)-3,3-dimethyl-1,5-dihydro-[1,3]dioxepino[5,6-c]pyridin-9-ol and 2-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]selenophene-5-ol, have been investigated in a two-phase (chlorobenzene/water) lipid peroxidation model system as potent inhibitors of lipid peroxyl radicals with various co-antioxidants at various pH values. The pH has a significant effect on the chain-breaking antioxidant activities of phenolic organochalcogens. The key chain-breaking mechanism profile was attributed to the first oxygen atom transfer from the lipid peroxyl radicals to the Se/Te atom, followed by hydrogen atom transfer in a solvent cage from the nearby phenolic group to the resulting alkoxyl radical. Finally, regeneration of organochalcogen antioxidants could take place in the presence of aqueous-soluble co-antioxidants. Also, in the presence of aqueous soluble N-acetylcysteine at pH 1-7, both antioxidants behaved as very good inhibitors of lipid peroxyl radicals. The role of aqueous soluble mild co-antioxidants in the regeneration studies of organochalcogen antioxidants has been investigated in a two-phase lipid peroxidation model system. The importance of the phase transfer catalyst has been explored in the inhibition studies of selenium containing antioxidants using an Fe(II) source. The overall pH-dependent antioxidant activities of organochalcogens depend on their hydrogen atom transfer ability, relative stability, and distribution in the aqueous/lipid phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Department of Chemistry & Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Sector-14, Chandigarh - 160 014, India.
| | - Deepika Sharma
- Department of Chemistry & Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Sector-14, Chandigarh - 160 014, India.
| | - Vijay P Singh
- Department of Chemistry & Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Sector-14, Chandigarh - 160 014, India.
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23
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Su Q, Dai H, Xie S, Yu X, Lin Y, Singh VP, Karthikeyan R. Water-Energy-Carbon Nexus: Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Integrated Urban Drainage Systems in China. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:2093-2104. [PMID: 36696288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from integrated urban drainage systems (IUDSs), including sewer, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), and receiving water systems, have not yet been integrated due to the lack of modeling tools. Here, we updated the computable general equilibrium-based System Dynamics and Water Environmental Model (CGE-SyDWEM), a recently developed model simulating the water-energy-carbon nexus at the watershed level, to calculate the direct and indirect (electricity use and external) GHG emissions from IUDSs considering carbon mitigation strategies and water engineering practices. The updated CGE-SyDWEM was applied to an estuary watershed in Shenzhen, the fourth largest city in China. With increasing socio-economic development and water infrastructure systems upgrading, GHG emissions are projected to increase from 129.2 (95% CI: 95.9-162.5) kt in 2007 to 190.7 (144.8-236.6) kt in 2025, with 89% from WWTPs (direct: 17%; electricity use: 65%; and external: 7%), 10% from the sewer (direct: 1% and electricity use: 9%) and 1% from receiving waters (direct). Carbon mitigation can reduce GHG emissions by 7% and emission intensity by 6% by 2025, with 63% contributed by external emission reduction from chemical uses. The integrated model can aid water, energy, and carbon decision-makers in finding cost-effective solutions for water and energy security in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Su
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina29634, United States
| | - Hancheng Dai
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
- Institute for Global Health and Development, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Shuyan Xie
- China National Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing100012, China
| | - Xiangying Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Guangzhou510045, China
| | - Yun Lin
- Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science and Engineering and Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California90095, United States
| | - Vijay P Singh
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering & Zachry Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas77843, United States
- National Water and Energy Center, UAE University, Al Ain15551, UAE
| | - Raghupathy Karthikeyan
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina29634, United States
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24
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Lu X, Wang X, Liu X, Singh VP. Dispersal and transport of microplastic particles under different flow conditions in riverine ecosystem. J Hazard Mater 2023; 442:130033. [PMID: 36303340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) pollution is a global issue owing to its potential threats to ecosystems and human health. MP pollution in river ecosystems is widely investigated, but the transport process under different hydrological conditions remain unclear. In this study, an approach of particle tracking in conjunction with hydrodynamic modeling was developed to investigate the dispersal and transport processes of microplastic particles in riverine ecosystem. The concentration and dispersal pattern of polyamide (PA), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) particles under base flow and flood events with recurrence intervals of 10-year, 20-year and 50-year were identified. Results indicated that rainfall intensity had a significant impact on the microplastic transport in rivers. Higher suspension concentration and lower sedimented concentration were observed in high flow periods, and the sedimented concentration showed a slow increasing trend in the flood recession stage. High water velocity facilitated the microplastic particles to be migrated for a longer distance, and high water flow was conducive to transport more microplastics from source points. Besides, microplastic particles with high density had worse mobility in water and more prone to deposition. PET were likely to be transported for a relatively shorter distance, while PP had higher mobility and took less time to reach the same simulation point. This study put forward an effective approach to understand the transport of MPs in the river. The results obtained are useful to identify pollution hotspots and track pollution paths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Lu
- Key Laboratory for Environment and Disaster Monitoring and Evaluation of Hubei, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China; Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering & Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2117, USA
| | - Xuelei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Environment and Disaster Monitoring and Evaluation of Hubei, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China.
| | - Xi Liu
- Ecological Environment Monitoring and Scientific Research Center, Yangtze River Basin Ecological Environment Supervision and Administration Bureau, Ministry of Ecological Environment, Wuhan 430010, China
| | - Vijay P Singh
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering & Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2117, USA
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25
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Sun S, Zhang Q, Singh VP, Shi C, Wang G, Wu W, Shen Z. Increased moist heat stress risk across China under warming climate. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22548. [PMID: 36581657 PMCID: PMC9800580 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27162-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Heatwaves have afflicted human health, ecosystem, and socioeconomy and are expected to intensify under warming climate. However, few efforts have been directed to moist heat stress (MHS) considering relative humidity and wind speed, and moist heat stress risk (MHSR) considering exposure and vulnerability. Here we showed MHS and MHSR variations across China during 1998-2100 using China Meteorological Administration Land Data Assimilation System datasets, the 6th Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) merged datasets, Gross Domestic Product, population and leaf area index. We detected increased MHS across China under different Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs). Specifically, the historical MHS occurred mostly during mid-July to mid-August. We found increasing trends of 0.08%/year, 0.249%/year, and 0.669%/year in the MHS-affected areas under SSP126, SSP245, and SSP585, respectively. Furthermore, we observed the highest increasing rate of MHSR in Northwest and Southwest China, while the MHSR across Northeast and North China under SSP126 shifted from increasing to decreasing trends. Noteworthy is that the increasing trend of MHSR under SSP585 is 1.5-2.6 times larger than that under SSP245, especially in North and South China. This study highlights spatiotemporal evolutions of MHS and MHSR and mitigation to moisture heat stress in a warming climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Sun
- grid.20513.350000 0004 1789 9964State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China ,grid.20513.350000 0004 1789 9964Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China ,grid.8658.30000 0001 2234 550XNational Meteorological Information Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- grid.20513.350000 0004 1789 9964Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087 China
| | - Vijay P. Singh
- grid.264756.40000 0004 4687 2082Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Zachry Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA ,grid.43519.3a0000 0001 2193 6666National Water and Energy Center, UAE University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Chunxiang Shi
- grid.8658.30000 0001 2234 550XNational Meteorological Information Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Wang
- grid.20513.350000 0004 1789 9964State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China ,grid.20513.350000 0004 1789 9964Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhuan Wu
- grid.20513.350000 0004 1789 9964State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China ,grid.20513.350000 0004 1789 9964Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zexi Shen
- grid.20513.350000 0004 1789 9964State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China ,grid.20513.350000 0004 1789 9964Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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26
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Rathore A, Pathak A, Ranjan S, Sud R, Shivshankara MS, Pandaya T, Arvind P, Singh VP, Nikhil P, Guleria B. A clinicoepidemiological and management profile of metastatic carcinoma gallbladder in the northeast part of Indian patients in a tertiary care center. J Cancer Res Ther 2022; 18:S428-S433. [PMID: 36510998 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1213_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Metastatic gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a highly fatal malignancy and it is difficult to treat the advanced stage of GBC. In India, northern and northeastern states are the worst affected by this disease. We, hereby, report the clinicoepidemiological and management profile of 242 patients of metastatic carcinoma of GB. Materials and Methods In this study, a total of 242 cases of metastatic GBC (detected either on the first presentation or during follow-up) were managed at the Department of Medical Oncology tertiary care oncology center in the northeast part of India from May 2018 to September 2019. On presentation, all patients were subjected to detailed history and clinical examination, followed by requisite investigations and were treated as per the existent guidelines. Results One-hundred and forty-two patients were female, while 100 patients were male out of 242 patients. Female patients with metastatic GBC presented with the mean age of 54, while for males, 51.4 years. The most common presentation was pain abdomen (81.8%), while the second most common was anorexia (77.2%), followed by weight loss (62.8%) and mass per abdomen (60.7%). The most common site of metastasis recorded in our study was the liver (79.7%), followed by nonregional abdominal lymph node (69.4%) and ascites (64.4%). Out of the 242 patients, 24 patients had presented in poor Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (≥3) hence were deemed unfit for any oncological interventions. About 136 (56.1%) patients had presented with features of obstructive jaundice, however only 108 patients were subjected to biliary drainage procedure. After the biliary drainage procedures, only one-third (38 out of 136; 35.1%) of patients were finally able to receive chemotherapy. Conclusion In India, unfortunately, many patients present very late during the course of their illness. There is a need for the development of effective chemotherapy or targeted therapy and also there is an unmet need for patients' education. There has been an increase in the incidence of this malignancy, especially in the Northeast part of India; hence, it is the need of the hour to study various epidemiological and causative factors of the disease. Furthermore, the development of therapies for the effective management of this malignancy is really required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anvesh Rathore
- Department of Medical Oncology, Army Hospital (Research and Referral), Delhi, India
| | - Abhishek Pathak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Command Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - Subhash Ranjan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Command Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - Rahul Sud
- Department of Medical Oncology, Command Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - M S Shivshankara
- Department of Medical Oncology, Army Hospital (Research and Referral), Delhi, India
| | - Tejas Pandaya
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Command Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - Prince Arvind
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Command Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - V P Singh
- Department of Surgical oncology Oncology, Command Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - P Nikhil
- Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Hyderabad, India
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27
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Wang T, Tu X, Singh VP, Chen X, Lin K. A composite index coupling five key elements of water cycle for drought analysis in Pearl River basin, China. J Environ Manage 2022; 320:115813. [PMID: 35963070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Drought, as a natural disaster, has widespread consequences and is notoriously difficult to manage. Critical to developing a drought management strategy is the identification and assessment of drought. To that end, this study developed a new composite index, called the standardized water cycle index (SWCI) based on the water cycle and water balance. The SWCI couplesd the key elements of the water cycle, including precipitation, evapotranspiration, leaf area index, surface runoff, and subsurface runoff, and requires the joint distribution of these elements which was determined using the D-vine copula. The Kendall transform was used to reduce the dimensionality of the five-element joint probability density function, which was then inversed to obtain the SWCI which was then evaluated with the data from the Pearl River basin obtained using the CMIP6. Results showed that the SWCI satisfactorily evaluated drought conditions, while reflecting the drought-mitigating effect of vegetation and subsurface runoff. The SWCI was also able to evaluate drought in areas with a high level of human activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Wang
- Center of Water Resources and Environment, School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xinjun Tu
- Center of Water Resources and Environment, School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Center of Water Security Engineering and Technology in Southern China of Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Guangdong Laboratory of Southern Ocean Science and Engineering, Zhuhai, 519000, China.
| | - Vijay P Singh
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, 2117 College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, 2117 College Station, TX, 77843, USA; National Water & Energy Center, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Center of Water Resources and Environment, School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Kairong Lin
- Center of Water Resources and Environment, School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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28
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Zhang WR, Liu TX, Duan LM, Zhou SH, Sun L, Shi ZM, Qu S, Bian MM, Yu DG, Singh VP. Forecasting groundwater level of karst aquifer in a large mining area using partial mutual information and NARX hybrid model. Environ Res 2022; 213:113747. [PMID: 35753379 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Predicting the groundwater level of karst aquifers in North China Coalfield is essential for early warning of mine water hazards and regional water resources management. However, the dynamic changes of strata structure and hydrogeological parameters driven by coal mining activity cause challenges to the process-oriented groundwater model. In order to achieve accurate prediction of groundwater level in large mining areas, this study was the first to use the data-driven Nonlinear Autoregressive with External Input (NARX) model to predict the groundwater level of six karst aquifer observation wells in Pingshuo Mining Area. Three variable input scenarios were set up, solely considering meteorological factors, anthropogenic disturbance factors, and considering both meteorological and anthropogenic disturbance factors. The novel partial mutual information (PMI) screening algorithm was adopted to determine optimized input variables in each scenario. The input and feedback delay coefficients of NARX model were determined by using Seasonal-trend Decomposition Procedure Based on Loess (STL) algorithm and auto- and cross-correlation functions. The results showed that PMI algorithm can effectively screen out the optimal input variables for predicting groundwater level, the NSE coefficients of the PMI-NARX models under the three scenarios were 38.81%, 4.26% and 41.46% higher than those of the corresponding control experiments, respectively. In addition, the prediction performance of the PMI-NARX built on the basis of meteorological factors is poor (NSE <0.63). However, in scenarios which solely use anthropogenic disturbance factors and both use meteorological and anthropogenic disturbance factors, the PMI-NARX coupling models exhibit good prediction performance (NSE and R2 are all greater than 0.8). Especially under solely considering anthropogenic disturbance factors scenario, the model still exhibited good prediction accuracy with a negligible number of input variables. The results can provide technical and theoretical support for the prediction of groundwater level in other mining areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Rui Zhang
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Ting-Xi Liu
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Water Resource Protection and Utilization, Hohhot 010018, China.
| | - Li-Min Duan
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Water Resource Protection and Utilization, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Sheng-Hui Zhou
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Long- Sun
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Zhe-Ming Shi
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shen Qu
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ming-Ming Bian
- China Coal Pingshuo Group Co., Ltd, Shuozhou 036000, China
| | - Da-Gui Yu
- China Coal Shaanxi Yulin Energy & Chemical Co., Ltd, Yulin 719000, China
| | - V P Singh
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering & Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A& M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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29
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Zhang X, Hao Z, Singh VP, Zhang Y, Feng S, Xu Y, Hao F. Drought propagation under global warming: Characteristics, approaches, processes, and controlling factors. Sci Total Environ 2022; 838:156021. [PMID: 35588839 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a costly natural hazard with far-reaching impacts on agriculture, ecosystem, water supply, and socio-economy. While propagating through the water cycle, drought evolves into different types and affects the natural system and human society. Despite much progress made in recent decades, a synthesis of the characteristics, approaches, processes, and controlling factors of drought propagation is still lacking. We bridge this gap by reviewing the recent progress of drought propagation and discussing challenges and future directions. We first introduce drought propagation characteristics (e.g., response time scale, lag time), followed by different approaches, including statistical analysis and hydrological modeling. The recent progress in the propagation from meteorological drought to different types of drought (agricultural drought, hydrological drought, and ecological drought) is then synthesized, including the basic process, commonly used indicators, data sources, and main findings of drought propagation characteristics. Different controlling factors of drought propagations, including climate (e.g., aridity, seasonality, and anomalies of meteorological variables), catchment properties (e.g., slope, elevation, land cover, aquifer, baseflow), and human activities (e.g., reservoir operation and water diversion, irrigation, and groundwater abstraction), are then summarized. Challenges in drought propagation include the discrepancy in drought indicators (and approaches) and difficulty in characterizing the full propagation process and isolating influencing factors. Future analysis of drought propagation should shift from single indicators to multiple indicators, from individual drivers to combined drivers, from uni-directional analysis to feedbacks, from hazards to impacts, and from stationary to nonstationary assumptions. This review is expected to be useful for drought prediction and management across different regions under global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zengchao Hao
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Vijay P Singh
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering and Zachry Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2117, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Sifang Feng
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yang Xu
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Fanghua Hao
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Kim S, Alizamir M, Seo Y, Heddam S, Chung IM, Kim YO, Kisi O, Singh VP. Estimating the incubated river water quality indicator based on machine learning and deep learning paradigms: BOD5 Prediction. Math Biosci Eng 2022; 19:12744-12773. [PMID: 36654020 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2022595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As an indicator measured by incubating organic material from water samples in rivers, the most typical characteristic of water quality items is biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) concentration, which is a stream pollutant with an extreme circumstance of organic loading and controlling aquatic behavior in the eco-environment. Leading monitoring approaches including machine leaning and deep learning have been evolved for a correct, trustworthy, and low-cost prediction of BOD5 concentration. The addressed research investigated the efficiency of three standalone models including machine learning (extreme learning machine (ELM) and support vector regression (SVR)) and deep learning (deep echo state network (Deep ESN)). In addition, the novel double-stage synthesis models (wavelet-extreme learning machine (Wavelet-ELM), wavelet-support vector regression (Wavelet-SVR), and wavelet-deep echo state network (Wavelet-Deep ESN)) were developed by integrating wavelet transformation (WT) with the different standalone models. Five input associations were supplied for evaluating standalone and double-stage synthesis models by determining diverse water quantity and quality items. The proposed models were assessed using the coefficient of determination (R2), Nash-Sutcliffe (NS) efficiency, and root mean square error (RMSE). The significance of addressed research can be found from the overall outcomes that the predictive accuracy of double-stage synthesis models were not always superior to that of standalone models. Overall results showed that the SVR with 3th distribution (NS = 0.915) and the Wavelet-SVR with 4th distribution (NS = 0.915) demonstrated more correct outcomes for predicting BOD5 concentration compared to alternative models at Hwangji station, and the Wavelet-SVR with 4th distribution (NS = 0.917) was judged to be the most superior model at Toilchun station. In most cases for predicting BOD5 concentration, the novel double-stage synthesis models can be utilized for efficient and organized data administration and regulation of water pollutants on both stations, South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwon Kim
- Department of Railroad Construction and Safety Engineering, Dongyang University, Yeongju, 36040, Republic of Korea
| | - Meysam Alizamir
- Department of Civil Engineering, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Youngmin Seo
- Department of Constructional and Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Salim Heddam
- Faculty of Science, Agronomy Department, Hydraulics Division, Laboratory of Research in Biodiversity Interaction Ecosystem and Biotechnology, University 20 Août 1955, Route El Hadaik, BP 26, Skikda, Algeria
| | - Il-Moon Chung
- Department of Hydro Science and Engineering Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, Goyang-si 10223, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Oh Kim
- Department of Civil Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ozgur Kisi
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Applied Sciences, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Vijay P Singh
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering & Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, 77843-2117, USA
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Smith RJ, Lachner C, Singh VP, Trivedi S, Khatua B, Cartin-Ceba R. Cytokine profiles in intensive care unit delirium. Acute Crit Care 2022; 37:415-428. [PMID: 35791660 PMCID: PMC9475146 DOI: 10.4266/acc.2021.01508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroinflammation causing disruption of the blood-brain barrier and immune cell extravasation into the brain parenchyma may cause delirium; however, knowledge of the exact pathophysiologic mechanism remains incomplete. The purpose of our study was to determine whether cytokine profiles differ depending on whether delirium occurs in the setting of sepsis, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), or recent surgery. Methods This prospective observational cohort study involved 119 critically ill patients admitted to a multidisciplinary intensive care unit (ICU) during 2019 and 2020. Delirium was identified using the validated confusion assessment method for the ICU. Multiple delirium risk factors were collected daily including clinical characteristics, hospital course, lab values, vital signs, surgical exposure, drug exposure, and COVID-19 characteristics. Serums samples were collected within 12 hours of ICU admission and cytokine levels were measured. Results: The following proinflammatory cytokines were elevated in our delirium population: tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-18, C-C motif ligand (CCL) 2, CCL3, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL)1, CXCL10, IL-8, IL-1 receptor antagonist, and IL-10. Analysis of relative cytokine levels in those patients that developed delirium in the setting of sepsis, COVID-19, and recent surgery showed elevations of CCL2, CXCL10, and TNF-α in both the sepsis and COVID-19 group in comparison to the postsurgical population. In the postsurgical group, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor was elevated and CXCL10 was decreased relative to the opposing groups. Conclusions We identify several cytokines and precipitating factors known to be associated with delirium. However, our study suggests that the cytokine profile associated with delirium is variable and contingent upon delirium precipitating factors.
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Sunami S, Singh VP, Garrick D, Beregi A, Barker AJ, Luksch K, Bentine E, Mathey L, Foot CJ. Observation of the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless Transition in a Two-Dimensional Bose Gas via Matter-Wave Interferometry. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 128:250402. [PMID: 35802452 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.250402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We probe local phase fluctuations of trapped two-dimensional Bose gases using matter-wave interferometry. This enables us to measure the phase correlation function, which changes from an algebraic to an exponential decay when the system crosses the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transition. We determine the temperature dependence of the BKT exponent η and find the critical value η_{c}=0.17(3) for our trapped system. Furthermore, we measure the local vortex density as a function of the local phase-space density, which shows a scale-invariant behavior across the transition. Our experimental investigation is supported by Monte Carlo simulations and provides a comprehensive understanding of the BKT transition in a trapped system.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sunami
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - V P Singh
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Zentrum für Optische Quantentechnologien and Institut für Laserphysik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - D Garrick
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - A Beregi
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - A J Barker
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - K Luksch
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - E Bentine
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - L Mathey
- Zentrum für Optische Quantentechnologien and Institut für Laserphysik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - C J Foot
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
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Singh SK, Husain T, Suhel M, Prasad SM, Singh VP. Hydrogen sulphide ameliorates hexavalent chromium toxicity in two cereal crops: Role of antioxidant enzymes and proline metabolism. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2022; 24:636-641. [PMID: 35384231 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Chromium pollution in soils is a major threat as it reduces crop yields. Hence, researchers seek methods/strategies which could curtail such losses. We report the role of H2 S in alleviating hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] stress in two cereals crops, i.e. wheat and rice seedlings, by estimating various physiological attributes. Cr(VI) reduced shoot and root length in both cereals through increased accumulation of Cr(VI) in root tips and increased in oxidative stress markers, i.e. superoxide radicals (SOR), H2 O2 and lipid peroxidation (as MDA equivalent). Supplementation with H2 S alleviated Cr(VI) toxicity in both cereal crops. Application of H2 S increased tolerance to Cr(VI) stress by protecting photosynthesis and enhancing activity of antioxidant enzymes, particularly glutathione-S-transferase and content of proline. Rice was more resistant to Cr(VI) than wheat seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Singh
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - T Husain
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - M Suhel
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - S M Prasad
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - V P Singh
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, C.M.P. Degree College, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
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Husain T, Suhel M, Prasad SM, Singh VP. Ethylene and hydrogen sulphide are essential for mitigating hexavalent chromium stress in two pulse crops. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2022; 24:652-659. [PMID: 34490701 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Chromium toxicity to crops is a major scientific problem of the present time. Thus, scientific attempts have been made for reducing chromium toxicity to crop plants. In this study, we examined the potential of ethylene (ET, 25 µM) and hydrogen sulphide (H2 S, 10 µM) to alleviate hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI), 50 µM] stress in two pulse crops, black bean and mung bean, by assessing physiological and biochemical attributes. Cr(VI) reduced shoot and root length in black bean and mung bean in comparison to the control. Plants had increased accumulation of oxidative stress markers, i.e. superoxide radicals (SOR), hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) and lipid peroxidation (as malondialdehyde, MDA). The addition of AVG (an inhibitor of ET biosynthesis) and PAG (an inhibitor of H2 S biosynthesis) to Cr(VI)-treated plants further increased Cr(VI) toxicity, suggesting their endogenous levels are important for tolerating Cr(VI) toxicity. However, supplementation with either ET or H2 S alleviated Cr(VI) toxicity. Interestingly, ET did not rescue negative effects of PAG under Cr(VI) stress but NaHS rescued negative effect of AVG. Overall, results indicate that, although both ET and H2 S alleviate Cr(VI) stress, endogenous H2 S is better. Furthermore, H2 S appears to be a downstream signal for ET in alleviating Cr(VI) stress in these two pulse crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Husain
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
| | - M Suhel
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
| | - S M Prasad
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
| | - V P Singh
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, C.M.P. Degree College, A Constituent Post Graduate College of University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
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35
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Siddiqui MH, Singh VP. Emerging role of hydrogen sulphide as a signalling molecule in plant biology. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2022; 24:521-522. [PMID: 35527363 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M H Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - V P Singh
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, C.M.P. Degree College, A Constituent Post Graduate College of University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
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Kheirinejad S, Bozorg-Haddad O, Singh VP, Loáiciga HA. The effect of reducing per capita water and energy uses on renewable water resources in the water, food and energy nexus. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7582. [PMID: 35534602 PMCID: PMC9085854 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11595-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study assesses the feedbacks between water, food, and energy nexus at the national level with a dynamic-system model, taking into account the qualitative and quantitative environmental water needs. Surface and groundwater resources are considered jointly in the water resources subsystem of this dynamic system. The developed model considers the effects of reducing the per capita use water and energy on its system’s components. Results indicate that due to feedbacks the changes in per capita uses of water and energy have indirect and direct effects. About 40% of the total water savings achieved by the per capita change policy was related to energy savings, in other words, it is an indirect saving. Implementation of per capita use reductions compensates for 9% of the decline of Iran's groundwater reservoirs (non-renewable resources in the short term) that occur during the five-year study period. The Manageable and Exploitable Renewable Water Stress Index (MRWI) corresponding to water and energy savings equals 214.5%, which is better than its value under the current situation (which is equal to 235.1%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Kheirinejad
- Department of Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Tehran,, Iran
| | - Omid Bozorg-Haddad
- Department of Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Tehran,, Iran.
| | - Vijay P Singh
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering and Zachry Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, 321 Scoates Hall, 2117 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843-2117, USA
| | - Hugo A Loáiciga
- Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93016-4060, USA
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Lu X, Wang X, Ban X, Singh VP. Considering ecological flow in multi-objective operation of cascade reservoir systems under climate variability with different hydrological periods. J Environ Manage 2022; 309:114690. [PMID: 35151141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The trade-off between ecological and socioeconomic benefits in the reservoir operation has become a focus issue in the watershed water resource management. However, finding a suitable reservoir ecological operation scheme in the multi-objective cascade reservoir systems remains unclear. At present, most ecological operation models are designed on the basis of water quantity balance, neglecting the dynamic variability of the hydrological process. This study proposed a multi-objective ecological operation system, which coupled a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model with a rainfall-runoff model, and integrated the ecological operation scheme into the hydrodynamic simulation system considering ecological flow. Moreover, the applicability of the operation scheme under climate variability with different hydrological periods was evaluated. Results indicated that multi-reservoir joint operation had the largest effect in normal years; the variation in the monthly hydrological magnitude, extreme events and their duration, temporal change and frequency of streamflow were significantly reduced after reservoir ecological operation. The SAM0-UNICON model performed better than the two other climate models, the ecological deficit (ED) under the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 climate change scenario was larger than other scenarios with different operation schemes. Future climate change will have a larger impact on discharge change in the wet season than in other hydrological periods. This study emphasises the comprehensive application of the hydrological and hydrodynamic methods, which is of considerable importance for decision-making in basin water resource management and reservoir regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Lu
- Key Laboratory for Environment and Disaster Monitoring and Evaluation of Hubei, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430077, China; Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering & Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, 2117 College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Xuelei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Environment and Disaster Monitoring and Evaluation of Hubei, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430077, China.
| | - Xuan Ban
- Key Laboratory for Environment and Disaster Monitoring and Evaluation of Hubei, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430077, China
| | - Vijay P Singh
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering & Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, 2117 College Station, TX, 77843, USA
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Rimá FB, da Silva YJAB, Teixeira MPR, Maia AJ, Assis KGO, da Silva RJAB, de Souza Júnior VS, da Silva YJAB, Lopes JWB, Barbosa RS, Singh VP. Phosphorus in soils and fluvial sediments from a Cerrado biome watershed under agricultural expansion. Environ Monit Assess 2022; 194:388. [PMID: 35445983 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-09983-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, lands alongside Gurguéia River have witnessed rapid expansion of soybean agriculture which has increased soil degradation and affected nutrient concentration in sediment, especially phosphorus (P). The present study aimed to quantify the P concentration in soils under different land uses (i.e., croplands, grasslands, and cerrado) and fluvial sediments (suspended sediment, channel bank, and riverbed sediments), assessing pollution over the main watercourse in cerrado biome Gurguéia watershed, located in Piauí State, Brazil. In total, 136 composite soil samples at a depth of 0-5 cm, under different land uses, as well as 51 composite fluvial sediment samples were collected over the watershed. The land use change from native cerrado had resulted in an increase of total phosphorus (TP) whose concentration was higher in cropland areas, followed by suspended sediment, channel bank, and riverbed sediments. This high concentration in cropland areas resulted from phosphate fertilizer inputs. The transfer of phosphorus to water bodies was evidenced, since an increase of TP was observed in suspended sediment, channel bank and riverbed sediments. Mineralogical signatures in sediments were identified by X-ray diffraction analysis which showed the occurrence of kaolinite, illite, smectite, iron oxides, and other minerals in lesser proportions. The presence of 1:1 minerals was higher in riverbed sediments and downstream sampling points, while 2:1 minerals were present in higher proportions in suspended sediment and channel bank sediment, as well as at the upstream and middle sampling points. This finding shows that land use change from cerrado to cropland due to soybean agriculture expansion might increase P discharges from terrestrial to aquatic environments, with sediments being the major carrier of this element.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Angelo Jamil Maia
- Agronomy Department, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Dom Manuel de Medeiros Street, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Valdomiro Severino de Souza Júnior
- Agronomy Department, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Dom Manuel de Medeiros Street, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Ygor Jacques Agra Bezerra da Silva
- Agronomy Department, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Dom Manuel de Medeiros Street, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil
| | | | - Ronny Sobreira Barbosa
- Agronomy Department, Federal University of Piaui (UFPI), Planalto Horizonte, Bom Jesus, PI, 64900-000, Brazil
| | - Vijay P Singh
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department, Zachry, Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2117, USA
- National Water & Energy Center, UAE University, Al Ain, UAE
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Ray RL, Singh VP, Singh SK, Acharya BS, He Y. What is the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on global carbon emissions? Sci Total Environ 2022; 816:151503. [PMID: 34752864 PMCID: PMC8572037 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus 2019 (COVID 19, or SARS-CoV-2) pandemic that started in December 2019 has caused an unprecedented impact in most countries globally and continues to threaten human lives worldwide. The COVID-19 and strict lockdown measures have had adverse effects on human health and national economies. These lockdown measures have played a critical role in improving air quality, water quality, and the ozone layer and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Using Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) Level 4 carbon (SMAP LC4) satellite products, this study investigated the impacts of COVID-19 lockdown measures on annual carbon emissions globally, focusing on 47 greatly affected countries and their 105 cities by December 2020. It is shown that while the lockdown measures significantly reduced carbon emissions globally, several countries and cities observed this reduction as temporary because strict lockdown measures were not imposed for extended periods in 2020. Overall, the total carbon emissions of select 184 countries reduced by 438 Mt in 2020 than in 2019. Since the global economic activities are slowly expected to return to the non-COVID-19 state, the reduction in carbon emissions during the pandemic will not be sustainable in the long run. For sustainability, concerned authorities have to put significant efforts to change transportation, climate, and environmental policies globally that fuel carbon emissions. Overall, the presented results provide directions to the stakeholders and policymakers to develop and implement measures to control carbon emissions for a sustainable environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram L Ray
- College of Agriculture and Human Sciences, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA.
| | - Vijay P Singh
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Sudhir K Singh
- K. Banerjee Centre of Atmospheric & Ocean Studies, IIDS, Nehru Science Centre, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Bharat S Acharya
- Oklahoma Department of Mines, State of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73106, USA
| | - Yiping He
- EDF Renewable Energy, San Diego, CA 92128, USA
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Shen Z, Zhang Q, Singh VP, Pokhrel Y, Li J, Xu CY, Wu W. Drying in the low-latitude Atlantic Ocean contributed to terrestrial water storage depletion across Eurasia. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1849. [PMID: 35387999 PMCID: PMC8986788 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29544-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Eurasia, home to ~70% of global population, is characterized by (semi-)arid climate. Water scarcity in the mid-latitude Eurasia (MLE) has been exacerbated by a consistent decline in terrestrial water storage (TWS), attributed primarily to human activities. However, the atmospheric mechanisms behind such TWS decline remain unclear. Here, we investigate teleconnections between drying in low-latitude North Atlantic Ocean (LNATO) and TWS depletions across MLE. We elucidate mechanistic linkages and detecte high correlations between decreased TWS in MLE and the decreased precipitation-minus-evapotranspiration (PME) in LNATO. TWS in MLE declines by ~257% during 2003-2017 due to northeastward propagation of PME deficit following two distinct seasonal landfalling routes during January-May and June-January. The same mechanism reduces TWS during 2031-2050 by ~107% and ~447% under scenarios SSP245 and SSP585, respectively. Our findings highlight the risk of increased future water scarcity across MLE caused by large-scale climatic drivers, compounding the impacts of human activities. Total water storage in Eurasia can be driven by both climate variability and human activities, with the latter suggested as the key factor for water loss. However, here the authors show that drying in the low-latitude Atlantic Ocean is the dominant force in storage depeletion during 2003-2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexi Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China.,Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China. .,Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China.
| | - Vijay P Singh
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering and Zachry Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.,National Water and Energy Institute, UAE University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Yadu Pokhrel
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jianping Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System/Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography/Academy of the Future Ocean, Ocean University of China, 266100, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Ocean Dynamics and Climate, Pilot Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 266237, Qingdao, China
| | - Chong-Yu Xu
- Department of Geosciences and Hydrology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wenhuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China.,Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China
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41
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Luhach K, Kulkarni GT, Singh VP, Sharma B. Vinpocetine ameliorates developmental hyperserotonemia induced behavioral and biochemical changes: role of neuronal function, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2022; 82:35-51. [PMID: 35451422 DOI: 10.55782/ane-2022-004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hyperserotonemia, during the early developmental phase, generates behavioral and biochemical phenotypes associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in rats. Phosphodiesterase‑1 (PDE1) inhibitors are known to provide benefits in various brain conditions. We investigated the role of a selective PDE1 inhibitor, vinpocetine on ASD‑related behavioral phenotypes (social behavioral deficits, repetitive behavior, anxiety, and hyperlocomotion) in a developmental hyperserotonemia (DHS) rat model. Also, effects on biochemical markers related with neuronal function brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein (pCREB), inflammation interleukins (IL‑6 and IL‑10) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF‑α), and oxidative stress (TBARS and GSH) were studied in important brain areas (frontal cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, and striatum). Administration of 5‑methoxytryptamine (5‑MT) to rats prenatally (gestational day 12) and in early developmental stages postnatal day (PND 0 - PND 20), resulted in impaired behavior and brain biochemistry. Administration of vinpocetine daily (10 and 20 mg/kg) to 5‑MT rats from PND 21 to PND 48 resulted in an improvement of behavioral deficits. Also, vinpocetine administration significantly increased the levels of BDNF, ratio of pCREB/ CREB, IL‑10, and GSH, and significantly decreased TNF‑α, IL‑6, and TBARS levels in different brain areas. Finally, our correlation analysis indicated that behavioral outcomes were significantly associated with the biochemical outcome. Vinpocetine, a selective PDE1 inhibitor, rectified important behavioral phenotypes related with ASD, possibly by improving markers of neuronal function, brain inflammation, and brain oxidative stress. Thus, PDE1 could be a potential target for pharmacological interventions and furthering our understanding of ASD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanishk Luhach
- Department of Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Giriraj T Kulkarni
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Vijay P Singh
- CSIR‑Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Bhupesh Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
- CNS and CVS Pharmacology, Conscience Research, Delhi, India;
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42
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Katayama M, Gades NM, Singh VP, Devick KL, Zarbatany D, Vaitkus VV, Belohlavek DL, Fortuin FD, Belohlavek M. Doppler-Guided Acoustically Active Injection Catheter: Transendocardial Delivery Assessed by an Efficacy Testing Animal Model. J Ultrasound Med 2022; 41:749-762. [PMID: 33938031 DOI: 10.1002/jum.15739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Percutaneous transendocardial injections of therapeutic agents into the myocardium may not always be effective. We used an animal model for assessing the efficacy of the injections using linoleic acid as a testing agent. Efficacious delivery into the myocardium of a beating heart was indicated by rapidly developed local myocardial necrosis and wall motion abnormalities using echocardiography. We employed this experimental model to test our innovative technology, an acoustically active injection catheter. The Doppler ultrasound-guided acoustically active injection catheter effectively delivers the substance to the myocardium but needs further technical improvements to minimize an unwanted systemic distribution of the agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minako Katayama
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Naomi M Gades
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Vijay P Singh
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Katrina L Devick
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - David Zarbatany
- Independent Engineering Consultant, Laguna Niguel, California, USA
| | - Veronica V Vaitkus
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - David L Belohlavek
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - F David Fortuin
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Marek Belohlavek
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
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43
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Jiang T, Su X, Singh VP, Zhang G. Spatio-temporal pattern of ecological droughts and their impacts on health of vegetation in Northwestern China. J Environ Manage 2022; 305:114356. [PMID: 34954683 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The ecological implications of drought have been widely discussed in recent years. Ecological drought was thus proposed as a new drought type to describe the impact of drought on ecosystems. The current study used an innovative drought index, called the standardized ecological water deficit index (SEWDI), to monitor terrestrial ecological drought in Northwestern China, which is an ecologically fragile region. Droughts and their characteristics, including drought affected area, drought severity, drought duration, drought frequency, and drought orientation, were extracted using a spatial and temporal identification method based on SEWDI at a three-month timescale. To investigate the variation in dominant factors determining vegetation health, the contributions of moisture and thermal conditions during different ecological drought events were determined using a gradient boosting regression model. The main results indicated that (1) the spatial and temporal identification method successfully identified the spatio-temporal patterns of ecological drought; (2) a total of 184 ecological drought events during 1982-2020 were identified, of which 56.6% occurred prior to the 21st century. Drought events in the 21st century always exhibit larger affected areas, longer durations, a higher frequency, and greater severity, and migrated westward; and (3) in all ecological drought events, vegetation health dominated by thermal conditions accounted for 42.7% and 48.2% before and during the 21st century, respectively. This illustrated that vegetation has experienced more severe thermal stress during the 21st century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianliang Jiang
- College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China; Key Laboratory for Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid Area of Ministry of Education, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xiaoling Su
- College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China; Key Laboratory for Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid Area of Ministry of Education, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Vijay P Singh
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering and Zachry Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2117, USA; National Water and Energy Center, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gengxi Zhang
- College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China; Key Laboratory for Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid Area of Ministry of Education, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China
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44
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Katebikord A, Sadeghi SH, Singh VP. Spatial modeling of soil organic carbon using remotely sensed indices and environmental field inventory variables. Environ Monit Assess 2022; 194:152. [PMID: 35132506 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-09842-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between soil organic carbon (SOC) and environmental parameters was investigated in the Galazchai Watershed, Iran. Therefore, correlating the SOC amounts with remote sensing (RS) indices, topographic variables, and soil texture was analyzed. Some 125 soil samples gather from the upper 30 cm, and the weight of each sample was about 0.5 kg. The RS indices, consisting of difference vegetation index (DVI), enhanced vegetation index (EVI), optimized soil adjusted vegetation index (OSAVI), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI), were used. Topographic variables included slope, elevation, aspect, and topographical wetness index (TWI), as well as clay and silt contents. The ordinary least square (OLS) and the geographically weighted regression (GWR) were employed to develop the SOC relationship considering different combinations of the variables. Results showed that none of the combinations of variables accurately estimated SOC (R2 < 0.32 and p value > 0.001). However, EVI with GWR (R2 = 0.291) and OSAVI, clay, slope, and aspect with GWR (R2= 0.32) better estimated SOC. Therefore, results showed that the study remotely sensed indices and environmental field inventory variables could not favorably predict the SOC content. These results can be attributed to the low SOC values varying from 0.917 to 3.355%, with a mean of 2.194 ± 0.522 in the study watershed. However, studies using more uniformly distributed and denser sampling in the study area and other methods to investigate the relationship between variables are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Katebikord
- Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, 46417-76489, Noor, Iran
| | - Seyed Hamidreza Sadeghi
- Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, 46417-76489, Noor, Iran.
| | - Vijay P Singh
- Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, 46417-76489, Noor, Iran
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering and Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2117, USA
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45
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Zhang Q, Shi R, Singh VP, Xu CY, Yu H, Fan K, Wu Z. Droughts across China: Drought factors, prediction and impacts. Sci Total Environ 2022; 803:150018. [PMID: 34525734 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a complicated and costly natural hazard and identification of critical drought factors is critical for modeling and forecasting of droughts and hence development of drought mitigation measures (the Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index) in both space and time. Here we quantified relationships between drought and 23 drought factors using remote sensing data during the period of 2002-2016. Based on the Gradient Boosting Algorithm (GBM), we found that precipitation and soil moisture had relatively large contributions to droughts. During the growing season, the relative importance of Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI-7) for SPEI3, SPEI6, SPEI9, and SPEI12 reached as high as 50%. However, during the non-growing season, the Snow Cover Fraction (SCF) had larger fractional relative importance for short-term droughts in the Inner Mongolia and the Loess Plateau which can reach as high as 10%. We also compared Extremely Randomized Trees (ERT), H2O-based Deep Learning (Model developed by H2O.deep learning in R H2O.DL), and Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) for drought prediction at various time scales, and found that the ERT model had the highest prediction performance with R2 > 0.72. Based on the Meta-Gaussian model, we quantified the probability of maize yield reduction in the North China Plain under different compound dry-hot conditions. Due to extreme drought and hot conditions, Shandong Province in North China had the highest probability of >80% of the maize yield reduction; due to the extreme hot conditions, Jiangsu Province in East China had the largest probability of >86% of the maize yield reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Faculty of Geographical Science, Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resources Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Rui Shi
- Meteorological Observation Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Vijay P Singh
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering and Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; National Water & Energy Center, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Chong-Yu Xu
- Department of Geosciences and Hydrology, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Huiqian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese, Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Keke Fan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Faculty of Geographical Science, Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resources Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zixuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Faculty of Geographical Science, Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resources Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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46
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Kumar M, Singh VP. Synthesis and antioxidant activities of N-thiophenyl ebselenamines: a 77Se{ 1H} NMR mechanistic study. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01225a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of N-thiophenyl ebselenamines and selenenyl sulphides as efficient radical-trapping and hydroperoxide-decomposing antioxidants, respectively has been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Department of Chemistry & Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Sector-14, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - Vijay P. Singh
- Department of Chemistry & Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Sector-14, Chandigarh 160 014, India
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47
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Bao Y, Liu T, Duan L, Tong X, Ji H, Zhang L, Singh VP. A comparative study of three stomatal conductance models for estimating evapotranspiration in a dune ecosystem in a semi-arid region. Sci Total Environ 2022; 802:149937. [PMID: 34525686 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The accurate simulation of stomatal conductance is crucial for not only revealing the carbon and water cycle processes of an ecosystem, but also to improve the accuracy of simulations of evapotranspiration (ET). This study coupled three stomatal conductance models, i.e. the Stannard (ST), Jarvis-Stewart (JS), and Ball-Berry (BB) models, with the Shuttleworth-Wallace (SW) model to estimate ET for a mobile dune ecosystem in the Horqin Sandy Land, North China. These models were calibrated and validated using eddy covariance (EC) measurements taken during the growing season between 2013 and 2018. The results indicated that the SW-BB model showed better performance in comparison to the SW-JS and SW-ST models at half-hourly and daily timescales. The stomatal conductance models incorporating soil moisture (SM) content generally showed better performance during the extreme drought period, with the rank of the three models according to performance being: SW-BB > SW-JS > SW-ST. The models showed the highest sensitivity to SM when incorporating the effect of SM on stomatal conductance, indicating that SM has an important effect on stomatal conductance and ET. The results of this study indicate that of the models assessed, the Ball-Berry stomatal conductance model coupled with the SW model is optimal for estimating ET in dune ecosystems with sparse vegetation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhi Bao
- Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College, 010018 Hohhot, China; Inner Mongolia Water Resource Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory, 010018 Hohhot, China
| | - Tingxi Liu
- Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College, 010018 Hohhot, China; Inner Mongolia Water Resource Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory, 010018 Hohhot, China.
| | - Limin Duan
- Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College, 010018 Hohhot, China; Inner Mongolia Water Resource Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory, 010018 Hohhot, China
| | - Xin Tong
- Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College, 010018 Hohhot, China; Inner Mongolia Water Resource Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory, 010018 Hohhot, China
| | - Honglan Ji
- Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College, 010018 Hohhot, China.
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - V P Singh
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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48
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Kumar B, Singh VP, Pathak V, K Verma A. Effect of red plum on quality characteristics of banana milk smoothies. IJDS 2021. [DOI: 10.33785/ijds.2021.v74i06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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49
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Singh VP. Judicial Approaches to the Criminalisation of Marital Rape. Indian Journal of Gender Studies 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/09715215211056791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In India, as in different traditional cultures, women have been and still are treated in a number of inhumane ways. They are controlled, prone to assault and abuse and risk rape not only outside but within their own homes. Moreover, marital rape is not considered a crime in India. The article attempts to analyse Indian rape laws and to show that exemption for marital rape does not align with the fundamental principles of justice and equality, which is the basic feature of the Indian Constitution. The article argues that the exemption clause should be repealed, and marital rape be criminalised. The article further discusses the approach of the Indian judiciary towards the issue of criminalisation of marital rape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay P Singh
- Department of Legal Management, Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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50
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Zarei S, Bozorg-Haddad O, Singh VP, Loáiciga HA. Developing water, energy, and food sustainability performance indicators for agricultural systems. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22831. [PMID: 34819559 PMCID: PMC8613199 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02147-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Water use by the agricultural sector along with inefficient irrigation methods and climate change has led to the depletion and insecurity of water resources and consequent instability of the agricultural system. Defining benchmarks and comparing them is essential for sustainable system management performance. The sustainability performance of an agricultural system depends on various factors related to water, energy, and food. This study selects and ranks sustainability performance indicators (SPIs) of agricultural systems with the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Expert opinions on agricultural sustainability were obtained from Iran's Regional Water Organization. The factors and variables affecting the management of water resources in agricultural systems in a basin area are evaluated with 17 SPIs (10 indicators of water resources sustainability, 3 energy sustainability indicators, and 4 food sustainability indicators) that measure the sustainability of agricultural systems. The AHP reduced the number of indicators to a small number of effective indicators. Results of pairwise comparison and the subsequent determination of the weight of each indicator show that the indicators of water consumption, groundwater level stability, vulnerability of water resources, and water stress have the largest weights (i.e., importance) for agricultural system sustainability at the basin scale. These selected indicators can be applied to agricultural water systems (AWSs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Zarei
- Department of Irrigation & Reclamation Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering & Technology, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Bozorg-Haddad
- Department of Irrigation & Reclamation Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering & Technology, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Vijay P Singh
- Caroline & William N. Lehrer Distinguished Chair in Water Engineering, Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering & Zachry Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, 321 Scoates Hall, 2117 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843-2117, USA
| | - Hugo A Loáiciga
- Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
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