1
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Chen Q, Zhu K. Advancements and strategic approaches in catenane synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:5677-5703. [PMID: 38659402 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00499f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Catenanes, a distinctive category of mechanically interlocked molecules composed of intertwined macrocycles, have undergone significant advancements since their initial stages characterized by inefficient statistical synthesis methods. Through the aid of molecular recognition processes and principles of self-assembly, a diverse array of catenanes with intricate structures can now be readily accessed utilizing template-directed synthetic protocols. The rapid evolution and emergence of this field have catalyzed the design and construction of artificial molecular switches and machines, leading to the development of increasingly integrated functional systems and materials. This review endeavors to explore the pivotal advancements in catenane synthesis from its inception, offering a comprehensive discussion of the synthetic methodologies employed in recent years. By elucidating the progress made in synthetic approaches to catenanes, our aim is to provide a clearer understanding of the future challenges in further advancing catenane chemistry from a synthetic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chen
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Kelong Zhu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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2
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Wilmore JT, Beer PD. Exploiting the Mechanical Bond Effect for Enhanced Molecular Recognition and Sensing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2309098. [PMID: 38174657 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The ubiquity of charged species in biological and industrial processes has resulted in ever-increasing interest in their selective recognition, detection, and environmental remediation. Building on the established coordination chemistry principles of the chelate and macrocyclic effects, and host preorganization, supramolecular chemists seek to construct specific 3D binding cavities reminiscent of biotic systems to enhance host-guest binding affinity and selectivity. Mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) present a wholly unique platform for synthetic host design, wherein topologies afforded by the mechanical bond enable the decoration of 3D cavities for non-covalent interactions with a range of target guest geometries. Notably, MIM host systems exhibit mechanical bond effect augmented affinities and selectivities for a variety of charged guest species, compared to non-interlocked acyclic and macrocycle host analogs. Furthermore, the modular nature of MIM synthesis facilitates incorporation of optical and electrochemical reporter groups, enabling fabrication of highly sensitive and specific molecular sensors. This review discusses the development of recognition and sensing MIMs, from the first reports in the late 20th century through to the present day, delineating how their topologically preorganized and dynamic host cavities enhance charged guest recognition and sensing, demonstrating the mechanical bond effect as a potent tool in future chemosensing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie T Wilmore
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Rd, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Paul D Beer
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Rd, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
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3
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de Jong J, Siegler MA, Wezenberg SJ. A Photoswitchable Macrocycle Controls Anion-Templated Pseudorotaxane Formation and Axle Relocalization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316628. [PMID: 38059917 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Important biological processes, such as signaling and transport, are regulated by dynamic binding events. The development of artificial supramolecular systems in which binding between different components is controlled could help emulate such processes. Herein, we describe stiff-stilbene-containing macrocycles that can be switched between (Z)- and (E)-isomers by light, as demonstrated by UV/Vis and 1 H NMR spectroscopy. The (Z)-isomers can be effectively threaded by pyridinium halide axles to give pseudorotaxane complexes, as confirmed by 1 H NMR titration studies and single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The overall stability of these complexes can be tuned by varying the templating counteranion. However, upon light-induced isomerization to the (E)-isomer, the threading capability is drastically reduced. The axle component, in addition, can form a heterodimeric complex with a secondary isophthalamide host. Therefore, when all components are combined, light irradiation triggers axle exchange between the macrocycle and this secondary host, which has been monitored by 1 H NMR spectroscopy and simulated computationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorn de Jong
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maxime A Siegler
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Sander J Wezenberg
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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4
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Nakamura T, Mori Y, Naito M, Okuma Y, Miyagawa S, Takaya H, Kawasaki T, Tokunaga Y. Rotaxanes comprising cyclic phenylenedioxydiacetamides and secondary mono- and bis-dialkylammonium ions: effect of macrocyclic ring size on pseudorotaxane formation. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo01359h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
[2]Rotaxanes, stabilized through multiple and cooperative hydrogen bonding system, were synthesized from dialkylammonium ions and macrocycle possessing two phenylenedioxydiacetamide units and appropriate spacers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Nakamura
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Fukui
- Fukui 910-8507
- Japan
| | - Yuka Mori
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Fukui
- Fukui 910-8507
- Japan
| | - Masaya Naito
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Fukui
- Fukui 910-8507
- Japan
| | - Yukari Okuma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Fukui
- Fukui 910-8507
- Japan
| | - Shinobu Miyagawa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Fukui
- Fukui 910-8507
- Japan
| | - Hikaru Takaya
- International Research Center for Elements Science
- Institute for Chemical Research
- Kyoto University
- Uji 611-0011
- Japan
| | - Tsuneomi Kawasaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Tokyo University of Science
- Tokyo 162-8601
- Japan
| | - Yuji Tokunaga
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Fukui
- Fukui 910-8507
- Japan
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5
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Ji BM, Deng D, Lan H, Miao S, Kang G, Xu C. H 2 mbpdc-funcationalized Cd II 6 cage captures protonated water clusters: Chloride-templated assembly and applications in recognition and separation. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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6
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Romero JR, Aragay G, Ballester P. Ion-pair recognition by a neutral [2]rotaxane based on a bis-calix[4]pyrrole cyclic component. Chem Sci 2017; 8:491-498. [PMID: 28451196 PMCID: PMC5341206 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc03554j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we report our investigations on the synthesis of a [2]rotaxane based on a bis(calix[4]pyrrole) cyclic component and a 3,5-bis-amidepyridyl-N-oxide derivative axle. We isolated the [2]rotaxane in a significant 50% yield through an optimized "in situ" capping strategy using the copper(i)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction. The synthetic precursor of the [2]rotaxane, featuring [2]pseudorotaxane topology, could be quantitatively assembled in solution in the presence of one equivalent of tetrabutylammonium chloride or cyanate salts producing a four-particle aggregate. However, we observed that the addition of the salt was deleterious not only for the isolation of the [2]rotaxane in its pure form but, more important, for the optimal performance of the copper catalyst. We probed the interaction of the prepared [2]rotaxane with tetraalkylammonium salts of chloride, nitrate and cyanate anions by means of 1H NMR titrations and ITC experiments. We show that in chloroform solution the [2]rotaxane functions as an efficient heteroditopic receptor for the salts forming thermodynamically and kinetically highly stable ion-paired complexes with 1 : 1 stoichiometry. At millimolar concentration and using 1H NMR spectroscopy we observed that the addition of more than 1 equiv. of the salt induced the gradual disassembly of the 1 : 1 complex of the [2]rotaxane and the concomitant formation of higher stoichiometry aggregates i.e. 2 : 1 complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ramón Romero
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Avgda. Països Catalans 16 , 43007 Tarragona , Spain .
| | - Gemma Aragay
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Avgda. Països Catalans 16 , 43007 Tarragona , Spain .
| | - Pablo Ballester
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Avgda. Països Catalans 16 , 43007 Tarragona , Spain .
- ICREA , Passeig Lluís Companys, 23 , 08010 Barcelona , Spain
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7
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Xue M, Yang Y, Chi X, Yan X, Huang F. Development of Pseudorotaxanes and Rotaxanes: From Synthesis to Stimuli-Responsive Motions to Applications. Chem Rev 2015; 115:7398-501. [DOI: 10.1021/cr5005869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 605] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuzhou Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feihe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
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8
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Mercurio JM, Caballero A, Cookson J, Beer PD. A halogen- and hydrogen-bonding [2]catenane for anion recognition and sensing. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra15380d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A mixed halogen- and hydrogen-bonding hetero-[2]catenane has been synthesised via anion templation and demonstrated to bind and sense oxoanions.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M. Mercurio
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Antonio Caballero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad de Murcia
- Campus de Espinardo
- E-30100 Murcia
- Spain
| | - James Cookson
- Johnson Matthey Technology Centre
- Sonning Common, Reading
- UK
| | - Paul D. Beer
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
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9
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Knighton RC, Beer PD. Axle component separated ion-pair recognition by a neutral heteroditopic [2]rotaxane. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:1540-2. [PMID: 24382563 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc48905a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A neutral heteroditopic pyridine N-oxide axle containing [2]rotaxane, synthesised via sodium cation templation, displays cooperative recognition of alkali metal cation-halide anion ion-pairs in an unprecedented axle component separated ion-pair binding fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C Knighton
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
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10
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Iwamoto H, Takizawa W, Itoh K, Hagiwara T, Tayama E, Hasegawa E, Haino T. Selective Synthesis of [2]- and [3]Catenane Tuned by Ring Size and Concentration. J Org Chem 2013; 78:5205-17. [DOI: 10.1021/jo400239h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Iwamoto
- Graduate School of Science and
Technology, Niigata University, 2-8050
Ikarashi, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Wataru Takizawa
- Graduate School of Science and
Technology, Niigata University, 2-8050
Ikarashi, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Koji Itoh
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima
739-8526, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Hagiwara
- Graduate School of Science and
Technology, Niigata University, 2-8050
Ikarashi, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Eiji Tayama
- Graduate School of Science and
Technology, Niigata University, 2-8050
Ikarashi, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Eietsu Hasegawa
- Graduate School of Science and
Technology, Niigata University, 2-8050
Ikarashi, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Takeharu Haino
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima
739-8526, Japan
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11
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Ma J, Chen L, Wu MY, Zhang SQ, Xiong KC, Han D, Jiang FL, Hong MC. Auxiliary ligand-directed and counter anion-templated effects on coordination networks based on semirigid 2-aminodiacetic terephthalic acid ligand. CrystEngComm 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ce26553b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Ryu BJ, Jeon NJ, Nam KC. Development of [2]-Catenane with Orthogonal Binding Chloride Template. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2012. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2012.33.8.2793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Potopnyk MA, Cmoch P, Jarosz S. Short Synthesis of Diamide-Linked Sucrose Macrocycles. Org Lett 2012; 14:4258-61. [DOI: 10.1021/ol301993d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mykhaylo A. Potopnyk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Cmoch
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sławomir Jarosz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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14
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Hancock LM, Marchi E, Ceroni P, Beer PD. Anion Sensing in Aqueous Media by Photo-active Transition-Metal Bipyridyl Rotaxanes. Chemistry 2012; 18:11277-83. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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15
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Sekiya R, Fukuda M, Kuroda R. Anion-Directed Formation and Degradation of an Interlocked Metallohelicate. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:10987-97. [DOI: 10.1021/ja303634u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Sekiya
- Department of Life Sciences,
Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Morihiko Fukuda
- Department of Biophysics and
Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Reiko Kuroda
- Department of Life Sciences,
Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
- Department of Biophysics and
Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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16
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Evans NH, Serpell CJ, Christensen KE, Beer PD. Amide and Urea Ferrocene-Containing Macrocycles Capable of the Electrochemical Sensing of Anions. Eur J Inorg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201101257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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17
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Caballero A, Zapata F, White NG, Costa PJ, Félix V, Beer PD. A halogen-bonding catenane for anion recognition and sensing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:1876-80. [PMID: 22249929 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201108404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Caballero
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
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18
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Caballero A, Zapata F, White NG, Costa PJ, Félix V, Beer PD. A Halogen-Bonding Catenane for Anion Recognition and Sensing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201108404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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19
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Li GB, He JR, Liu JM, Su CY. Anion effect on the structural diversity of three 1D coordination polymers based on a pyridyl diimide ligand. CrystEngComm 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ce06147c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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20
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Evans NH, Rahman H, Leontiev AV, Greenham ND, Orlowski GA, Zeng Q, Jacobs RMJ, Serpell CJ, Kilah NL, Davis JJ, Beer PD. Solution and surface-confined chloride anion templated redox-active ferrocene catenanes. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc00909a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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21
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Brown A, Beer PD. Porphyrin-functionalised rotaxanes for anion recognition. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:118-29. [DOI: 10.1039/c1dt11372k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Li C, Shu X, Li J, Chen S, Han K, Xu M, Hu B, Yu Y, Jia X. Complexation of 1,4-bis(pyridinium)butanes by negatively charged carboxylatopillar[5]arene. J Org Chem 2011; 76:8458-65. [PMID: 21923191 DOI: 10.1021/jo201185e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The binding behavior of substituted 1,4-bis(pyridinium)butane derivatives (X-Py(CH(2))(4)Py-X, X = H, 2-methyl, 3-methyl, 4-methyl, 2,6-dimethyl, 4-pyridyl, and 4-COOEthyl) 1(2+)-7(2+), with negatively charged carboxylatopillar[5]arene (CP5A) has been comprehensively investigated by (1)H NMR and 2D ROESY and UV absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy in aqueous phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.2). The results indicated that the position of the substituents attached on pyridinium ring dramatically affects the association constants and binding modes. 3- and 4-Substituted guests (1(2+), 3(2+), 4(2+), 6(2+), 7(2+)) form [2]pseudorotaxane geometries with CP5A host, giving very large association constants (>10(5) M(-1)), while 2,6-dimethyl-substituted 5(2+) forms external complex with relatively small K(a) values [(2.4 ± 0.3) × 10(3) M(-1)] because the 2,6-dimethylpyridinium unit is too bulky to thread the host cavity. Both of the binding geometries mentioned above are observed for 2(2+), having one methyl group in the 2-position of pyridinium. Typically, the association constant of [2]pseudorotaxane 1(2+)⊂CP5A exceeds 10(6) M(-1) in water, which is significantly higher than those of previously reported analogues in organic solvents. The remarkably improved complexation of bis(pyridinium) guests by the anionic host was due to electrostatic attraction forces and hydrophobic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunju Li
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
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23
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Evans NH, Serpell CJ, White NG, Beer PD. A 1,2,3,4,5-Pentaphenylferrocene-Stoppered Rotaxane Capable of Electrochemical Anion Recognition. Chemistry 2011; 17:12347-54. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201101811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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24
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Yang W, Li Y, Zhang J, Chen N, Chen S, Liu H, Li Y. Directed Synthesis of [2]Catenanes Incorporating Naphthalenediimide and Crown Ethers by Associated Interactions of Templates. J Org Chem 2011; 76:7750-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jo201068y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, P.R. China
| | - Yongjun Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Jianhong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, P.R. China
| | - Nan Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, P.R. China
| | - Songhua Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, P.R. China
| | - Huibiao Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Yuliang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
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25
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Evans NH, Beer PD. A Janus [2]Rotaxane Synthesized by Using an Anion‐Templated Clipping Methodology. Chemistry 2011; 17:10542-6. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201101905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas H. Evans
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR (UK)
| | - Paul D. Beer
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR (UK)
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26
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Lascaux A, Delahousse G, Ghostin J, Bouillon JP, Jabin I. Second Generation Calix[6]trenamides - Highly Selective Graftable Receptors for Neutral Guests and Contact Ion Pairs. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201100673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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27
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Hancock LM, Gilday LC, Carvalho S, Costa PJ, Félix V, Serpell CJ, Kilah NL, Beer PD. Rotaxanes capable of recognising chloride in aqueous media. Chemistry 2011; 16:13082-94. [PMID: 21031371 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A new, versatile chloride-anion-templating synthetic pathway is exploited for the preparation of a series of eight new [2]rotaxane host molecules, including the first sulfonamide interlocked system. (1)H NMR spectroscopic titration investigations demonstrate the rotaxanes' capability to selectively recognise the chloride anion in competitive aqueous solvent media. The interlocked host's halide binding affinity can be further enhanced and tuned through the attachment of electron-withdrawing substituents and by increasing its positive charge. A dicationic rotaxane selectively binds chloride in 35% water, wherein no evidence of oxoanion binding is observed. NMR spectroscopy, X-ray structural analysis and computational molecular dynamics simulations are used to account for rotaxane formation yields, anion binding strengths and selectivity trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Hancock
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA UK
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Au-Yeung HY, Pantoş GD, Sanders JKM. Dynamic Combinatorial Donor−Acceptor Catenanes in Water: Access to Unconventional and Unexpected Structures. J Org Chem 2011; 76:1257-68. [DOI: 10.1021/jo101981p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ho Yu Au-Yeung
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - G. Dan Pantoş
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Jeremy K. M. Sanders
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
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Boccia A, Lanzilotto V, Zanoni R, Pescatori L, Arduini A, Secchi A. Surface grafting and reactivity of calixarene-based receptors and pseudorotaxanes on Si(100). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:4444-51. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp01916j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Cornut D, Marrot J, Wouters J, Jabin I. Acid–base modulation of a versatile heteroditopic calix[6]arene based receptor. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:6373-84. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05759f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Evans NH, Allinson ESH, Lankshear MD, Ng KY, Cowley AR, Serpell CJ, Santos SM, Costa PJ, Félix V, Beer PD. Anion templated assembly of [2]catenanes capable of chloride anion recognition in aqueous solvent media. RSC Adv 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ra00394a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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32
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Leontiev AV, Jemmett CA, Beer PD. Anion Recognition and Cation-Induced Molecular Motion in a Heteroditopic [2]Rotaxane. Chemistry 2010; 17:816-25. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abstract
Compared with simple ion receptors, which are able to bind either a cation or an anion, ion pair receptors bearing both a cation and an anion recognition site offer the promise of binding ion pairs or pairs of ions strongly as the result of direct or indirect cooperative interactions between co-bound ions. This critical review focuses on the recent progress in the design of ion pair receptors and summarizes the various binding modes that have been used to accommodate ion pairs (110 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Kuk Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1 University Station-A5300, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, USA; Fax: +1 512 471 7550; Tel: +1 512 471 5009
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1 University Station-A5300, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, USA; Fax: +1 512 471 7550; Tel: +1 512 471 5009
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
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Li C, Xu Q, Li J, Yao F, Jia X. Complex interactions of pillar[5]arene with paraquats and bis(pyridinium) derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:1568-76. [PMID: 20336850 DOI: 10.1039/b920146g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The complexation behavior of a series of paraquats (G1.2PF(6)-G5.2PF(6)) and bis(pyridinium) derivatives (G6.2PF(6)-G14.2PF(6)) with pillar[5]arene (P5A) host has been comprehensively investigated by (1)H NMR, ESI mass and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. It is found that P5A forms 2 : 1 external complexes with N,N'-dialkyl-4,4'-bipyridiniums (G1-G4.2PF(6)); while it forms 1 : 1 pseudorotaxane-type inclusion complexes with methylene [-(CH(2))(n)-] linked bis(pyridinium) derivatives possessing appropriate chain lengths (n = 3-6, G7-G10.2PF(6)). Host-guest association constants in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were determined, indicating G7-G10.2PF(6) axles form stable [2]pseudorotaxanes with P5A wheel in this very high polarity solvent and 1,4-bis(pyridinium)butane (G8.2PF(6)) was the most suitable axle unit. Meanwhile, the nature of the substituents attached to 1,4-bis(pyridinium)butane dramatically affects the molecular recognition behavior. The introduction of pyridyls (G13.2PF(6)) increases not only the K(a) value (4.5 x 10(2) --> 7.4 x 10(2) M(-1)), but also the charge transfer (CT) absorption (colorless --> yellow). Furthermore, the solvent effects have also been investigated, showing they significantly influence the association strength during the course of host-guest complexation. Particularly, the K(a) value of P5A-G13.2PF(6) in 1 : 1 (v:v) acetone-d(6)/DMSO-d(6) is enhanced by a factor of 7.3 compared with pure DMSO-d6 (7.4 x 10(2) --> 5.4 x 10(3) M(-1)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunju Li
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China.
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Cormode DP, Evans AJ, Davis JJ, Beer PD. Amplification of anion sensing by disulfide functionalized ferrocene and ferrocene-calixarene receptors adsorbed onto gold surfaces. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:6532-41. [PMID: 20552121 DOI: 10.1039/c0dt00217h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A disulfide functionalized bis-ferrocene urea acyclic receptor and disulfide functionalized mono- and bis-ferrocene amide and urea appended upper rim calix[4]arene receptors were prepared for the fabrication of SAM redox-active anion sensors. 1H NMR and diffusive voltammetric anion recognition investigations revealed each receptor to be capable of complexing and electrochemically sensing anions via cathodic perturbations of the respective receptor's ferrocene/ferrocenium redox couple. SAMs of a ferrocene urea receptor 3 and ferrocene urea calixarene receptor 17 exhibited significant enhanced magnitudes of cathodic response upon anion addition as compared to observed diffusive perturbations. SAMs of 17 were demonstrated to sense the perrhenate anion in aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Cormode
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
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McConnell AJ, Serpell CJ, Thompson AL, Allan DR, Beer PD. Calix[4]arene-based rotaxane host systems for anion recognition. Chemistry 2010; 16:1256-64. [PMID: 19950342 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, structure and anion binding properties of the first calix[4]arene-based [2]rotaxane anion host systems are described. Rotaxanes 9.Cl and 12.Cl, consisting of a calix[4]arene functionalised macrocycle wheel and different pyridinium axle components, are prepared via adaption of an anion templated synthetic strategy to investigate the effect of preorganisation of the interlocked host's binding cavity on anion binding. Rotaxane 12.Cl contains a conformationally flexible pyridinium axle, whereas rotaxane 9.Cl incorporates a more preorganised pyridinium axle component. The X-ray crystal structure of 9.Cl and solution phase (1)H NMR spectroscopy demonstrate the successful interlocking of the calix[4]arene macrocycle and pyridinium axle components in the rotaxane structures. Following removal of the chloride anion template, anion binding studies on the resulting rotaxanes 9.PF(6) and 12.PF(6) reveal the importance of preorganisation of the host binding cavity on anion binding. The more preorganised rotaxane 9.PF(6) is the superior anion host system. The interlocked host cavity is selective for chloride in 1:1 CDCl(3)/CD(3)OD and remains selective for chloride and bromide in 10 % aqueous media over the more basic oxoanions. Rotaxane 12.PF(6) with a relatively conformationally flexible binding cavity is a less effective and discriminating anion host system although the rotaxane still binds halide anions in preference to oxoanions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna J McConnell
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
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Gattuso G, Notti A, Parisi M, Pisagatti I, Amato M, Pappalardo A, Pappalardo S. Threading the Calix[5]arene Annulus. Chemistry 2010; 16:2381-5. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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38
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Ménand M, Jabin I. Acid-Base Controllable Recognition Properties of a Highly Versatile Calix[6]crypturea. Chemistry 2010; 16:2159-69. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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39
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Colleran JJ, Creaven BS, Donlon DF, McGinley J. Non-trivial solution chemistry between amido-pyridylcalix[4]arenes and some metal salts. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:10928-36. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt00976h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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Lascaux A, Le Gac S, Wouters J, Luhmer M, Jabin I. An allosteric heteroditopic receptor for neutral guests and contact ion pairs with a remarkable selectivity for ammonium fluoride salts. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:4607-16. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00211a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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41
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Zheng H, Zhou W, Lv J, Yin X, Li Y, Liu H, Li Y. A Dual-Response [2]Rotaxane Based on a 1,2,3-Triazole Ring as a Novel Recognition Station. Chemistry 2009; 15:13253-62. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200901841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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42
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Goldup SM, Leigh DA, Long T, McGonigal PR, Symes MD, Wu J. Active Metal Template Synthesis of [2]Catenanes. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:15924-9. [PMID: 19807083 DOI: 10.1021/ja9070317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M. Goldup
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, The King’s Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Leigh
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, The King’s Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, United Kingdom
| | - Tao Long
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, The King’s Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, United Kingdom
| | - Paul R. McGonigal
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, The King’s Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, United Kingdom
| | - Mark D. Symes
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, The King’s Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, United Kingdom
| | - Jhenyi Wu
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, The King’s Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, United Kingdom
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43
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Li S, Liu M, Zheng B, Zhu K, Wang F, Li N, Zhao XL, Huang F. Taco Complex Templated Syntheses of a Cryptand/Paraquat [2]Rotaxane and a [2]Catenane by Olefin Metathesis. Org Lett 2009; 11:3350-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol9012052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shijun Li
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Kelong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Li Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Feihe Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
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44
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Phipps DE, Beer PD. A [2]catenane containing an upper-rim functionalized calix[4]arene for anion recognition. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.02.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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45
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Monfette
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Catalysis Research & Innovation, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Deryn E. Fogg
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Catalysis Research & Innovation, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
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46
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de Hoog P, Robertazzi A, Mutikainen I, Turpeinen U, Gamez P, Reedijk J. An Electron-Poor Host Receptor for Electron-Rich Guests Involving Anion-π and Lone-Pair-π Interactions. Eur J Inorg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200900183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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47
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Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the Year 2007. Coord Chem Rev 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2008.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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48
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Podoprygorina G, Bolte M, Böhmer V. Tetra-urea calix[4]arenes 1,3-bridged at the narrow rim. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:1592-8. [PMID: 19343245 DOI: 10.1039/b819710e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of special tetra-urea calix[4]arene derivatives is described. Two propyl ether groups in 1,3-position and a 5-iodo-isophthalamide bridge connecting two aminopropylether residues in 2,4-position at the narrow rim keep the molecule fixed in the cone conformation. The aryl urea residues are substituted by decyloxy groups in p-position to increase the solubility in apolar solvents, while the iodo substituent allows further functionalization. Two single crystal X-ray structures of 3 and 4 show a strongly pinched cone conformation in which the bridged phenol units are bent outwards, while the phenol units bearing the propyl ether groups are nearly parallel. The molecules are flexible enough, however, to form hydrogen bonded dimeric capsules in apolar solvents. Their (time averaged) D(2) conformation is confirmed by (1)H NMR spectroscopy.
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49
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Brown A, Mullen KM, Ryu J, Chmielewski MJ, Santos SM, Felix V, Thompson AL, Warren JE, Pascu SI, Beer PD. Interlocked Host Anion Recognition by an Indolocarbazole-Containing [2]Rotaxane. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:4937-52. [DOI: 10.1021/ja809905x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asha Brown
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA U.K., Departamento de Química, CICECO and Secção Autónoma de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal, Synchrotron Radiation Source, Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington, WA4 4AD U.K., and Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY U.K
| | - Kathleen M. Mullen
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA U.K., Departamento de Química, CICECO and Secção Autónoma de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal, Synchrotron Radiation Source, Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington, WA4 4AD U.K., and Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY U.K
| | - Jay Ryu
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA U.K., Departamento de Química, CICECO and Secção Autónoma de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal, Synchrotron Radiation Source, Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington, WA4 4AD U.K., and Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY U.K
| | - Michał J. Chmielewski
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA U.K., Departamento de Química, CICECO and Secção Autónoma de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal, Synchrotron Radiation Source, Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington, WA4 4AD U.K., and Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY U.K
| | - Sérgio M. Santos
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA U.K., Departamento de Química, CICECO and Secção Autónoma de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal, Synchrotron Radiation Source, Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington, WA4 4AD U.K., and Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY U.K
| | - Vitor Felix
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA U.K., Departamento de Química, CICECO and Secção Autónoma de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal, Synchrotron Radiation Source, Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington, WA4 4AD U.K., and Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY U.K
| | - Amber L. Thompson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA U.K., Departamento de Química, CICECO and Secção Autónoma de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal, Synchrotron Radiation Source, Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington, WA4 4AD U.K., and Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY U.K
| | - John E. Warren
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA U.K., Departamento de Química, CICECO and Secção Autónoma de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal, Synchrotron Radiation Source, Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington, WA4 4AD U.K., and Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY U.K
| | - Sofia I. Pascu
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA U.K., Departamento de Química, CICECO and Secção Autónoma de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal, Synchrotron Radiation Source, Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington, WA4 4AD U.K., and Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY U.K
| | - Paul D. Beer
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA U.K., Departamento de Química, CICECO and Secção Autónoma de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal, Synchrotron Radiation Source, Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington, WA4 4AD U.K., and Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY U.K
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