1
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Fragkiadakis M, Thomaidi M, Stergiannakos T, Chatziorfanou E, Gaidatzi M, Michailidis Barakat A, Stoumpos C, Neochoritis CG. High Rotational Barrier Atropisomers. Chemistry 2024:e202401461. [PMID: 38962895 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Atropisomers have attracted a great deal of attention lately due to their numerous applications in organic synthesis and to their employment in drug discovery. However, the synthetic arsenal at our disposal with which to access them remains limited. The research described herein is two-pronged; we both demonstrate the use of MCR chemistry as a synthetic strategy for the de novo synthesis of a class of atropisomers having high barriers to rotation with the simultaneous insertion of multiple chiral elements and we study these unprecedented molecular systems by employing a combination of crystallography, NMR and DFT calculations. By fully exploiting the synthetic capabilities of our chemistry, we have been able to monitor a range of different types of interaction, i. e. π-π, CH-π, heteroatom-π and CD-π, in order to conduct structure-property studies. The results could be applied both to atroposelective synthesis and in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Thomaidi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Voutes, Heraklion, 70013, Greece
| | | | | | - Maria Gaidatzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Voutes, Heraklion, 70013, Greece
| | | | - Constantinos Stoumpos
- Department of Materials Science & Technology, University of Crete, Voutes, Heraklion, 70013, Greece
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2
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Yamada M, Kurihara Y, Koizumi M, Tsuji K, Maeda Y, Suzuki M. Understanding the Nature and Strength of Noncovalent Face‐to‐Face Arene–Fullerene Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202212279. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michio Yamada
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Gakugei University Nukuikitamachi 4-1-1, Koganei Tokyo 184-8501 Japan
| | - Yukiyo Kurihara
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Gakugei University Nukuikitamachi 4-1-1, Koganei Tokyo 184-8501 Japan
| | - Masaaki Koizumi
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Gakugei University Nukuikitamachi 4-1-1, Koganei Tokyo 184-8501 Japan
| | - Kasumi Tsuji
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Gakugei University Nukuikitamachi 4-1-1, Koganei Tokyo 184-8501 Japan
| | - Yutaka Maeda
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Gakugei University Nukuikitamachi 4-1-1, Koganei Tokyo 184-8501 Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry Josai University Sakado Saitama 350-0295 Japan
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3
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Yamada M, Kurihara Y, Koizumi M, Tsuji K, Maeda Y, Suzuki M. Understanding the Nature and Strength of Noncovalent Face‐to‐Face Arene–Fullerene Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202212279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michio Yamada
- Tokyo Gakugei University Department of Chemistry 4-1-1 Nukuikitamachi 184-8501 Koganei, Tokyo JAPAN
| | - Yukiyo Kurihara
- Tokyo Gakugei University: Tokyo Gakugei Daigaku Department of Chemistry JAPAN
| | - Masaaki Koizumi
- Tokyo Gakugei University: Tokyo Gakugei Daigaku Department of Chemistry JAPAN
| | - Kasumi Tsuji
- Tokyo Gakugei University: Tokyo Gakugei Daigaku Department of Chemistry JAPAN
| | - Yutaka Maeda
- Tokyo Gakugei University: Tokyo Gakugei Daigaku Department of Chemistry JAPAN
| | - Mitsuaki Suzuki
- Josai University: Josai Daigaku Department of Chemistry JAPAN
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4
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Wilming FM, Becker J, Schreiner PR. Quantifying Solvophobic Effects in Organic Solvents Using a Hydrocarbon Molecular Balance. J Org Chem 2021; 87:1874-1878. [PMID: 34758618 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We evaluate the use of the cohesive energy density (ced) as a quantitative descriptor for solvophobic effects in organic solvents by measuring ΔGZ/E of the rigid Z- and E-2,2'-diethynyl-9,9'-bifluorenylidene. In line with previously employed balances, solvent-dependent changes in ΔGZ/E are predominantly induced by solvophobic effects, leading to a strong correlation with the solvent's ced. We re-emphasize the role of ceds as quantitative descriptors of solvophobic effects of organic solvents. Our experimental findings are well supported by B3LYP-D3/def2TZVP computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finn M Wilming
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany.,Center for Materials Research (ZfM), Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jonathan Becker
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Peter R Schreiner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany.,Center for Materials Research (ZfM), Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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5
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Yamada M, Narita H, Maeda Y. A Fullerene‐Based Molecular Torsion Balance for Investigating Noncovalent Interactions at the C
60
Surface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michio Yamada
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Gakugei University Nukuikitamachi 4-1-1 Koganei Tokyo 184-8501 Japan
| | - Haruna Narita
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Gakugei University Nukuikitamachi 4-1-1 Koganei Tokyo 184-8501 Japan
| | - Yutaka Maeda
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Gakugei University Nukuikitamachi 4-1-1 Koganei Tokyo 184-8501 Japan
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6
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Yamada M, Narita H, Maeda Y. A Fullerene-Based Molecular Torsion Balance for Investigating Noncovalent Interactions at the C 60 Surface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16133-16140. [PMID: 32458522 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the nature and strength of noncovalent interactions at the fullerene surface, molecular torsion balances consisting of C60 and organic moieties connected through a biphenyl linkage were synthesized. NMR and computational studies show that the unimolecular system remains in equilibrium between well-defined folded and unfolded conformers owing to restricted rotation around the biphenyl C-C bond. The energy differences between the two conformers depend on the substituents and is ascribed to differences in the intramolecular noncovalent interactions between the organic moieties and the fullerene surface. Fullerenes favor interacting with the π-faces of benzenes bearing electron-donating substituents. The correlation between the folding free energies and corresponding Hammett constants of the substituents in the arene-containing torsion balances reflects the contributions of the electrostatic interactions and dispersion force to face-to-face arene-fullerene interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michio Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Nukuikitamachi 4-1-1, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8501, Japan
| | - Haruna Narita
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Nukuikitamachi 4-1-1, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8501, Japan
| | - Yutaka Maeda
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Nukuikitamachi 4-1-1, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8501, Japan
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7
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Kwamen ACN, Schlottmann M, Van Craen D, Isaak E, Baums J, Shen L, Massomi A, Räuber C, Joseph BP, Raabe G, Göb C, Oppel IM, Puttreddy R, Ward JS, Rissanen K, Fröhlich R, Albrecht M. Shedding Light on the Interactions of Hydrocarbon Ester Substituents upon Formation of Dimeric Titanium(IV) Triscatecholates in DMSO Solution. Chemistry 2020; 26:1396-1405. [PMID: 31737953 PMCID: PMC7027801 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The dissociation of hierarchically formed dimeric triple lithium bridged triscatecholate titanium(IV) helicates with hydrocarbyl esters as side groups is systematically investigated in DMSO. Primary alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl as well as benzyl esters are studied in order to minimize steric effects close to the helicate core. The 1 H NMR dimerization constants for the monomer-dimer equilibrium show some solvent dependent influence of the side chains on the dimer stability. In the dimer, the ability of the hydrocarbyl ester groups to aggregate minimizes their contacts with the solvent molecules. Due to this, most solvophobic alkyl groups show the highest dimerization tendency followed by alkenyls, alkynyls and finally benzyls. Furthermore, trends within the different groups of compounds can be observed. For example, the dimer is destabilized by internal double or triple bonds due to π-π repulsion. A strong indication for solvent supported London dispersion interaction between the ester side groups is found by observation of an even/odd alternation of dimerization constants within the series of n-alkyls, n-Ω-alkenyls or n-Ω-alkynyls. This corresponds to the interaction of the parent hydrocarbons, as documented by an even/odd melting point alternation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Carel N. Kwamen
- Institut für Organische ChemieRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Marcel Schlottmann
- Institut für Organische ChemieRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - David Van Craen
- Institut für Organische ChemieRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Elisabeth Isaak
- Institut für Organische ChemieRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Julia Baums
- Institut für Organische ChemieRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Li Shen
- Institut für Organische ChemieRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Ali Massomi
- Institut für Organische ChemieRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Christoph Räuber
- Institut für Organische ChemieRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Benjamin P. Joseph
- Institut für Organische ChemieRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Gerhard Raabe
- Institut für Organische ChemieRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Christian Göb
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Iris M. Oppel
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Rakesh Puttreddy
- University of JyväskyläDepartment of ChemistryP.O. Box 35Jyväskylä40014Finland
| | - Jas S. Ward
- University of JyväskyläDepartment of ChemistryP.O. Box 35Jyväskylä40014Finland
| | - Kari Rissanen
- University of JyväskyläDepartment of ChemistryP.O. Box 35Jyväskylä40014Finland
| | - Roland Fröhlich
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutUniversität MünsterCorrensstrasse 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Markus Albrecht
- Institut für Organische ChemieRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
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8
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Aliev AE, Motherwell WB. Some Recent Advances in the Design and Use of Molecular Balances for the Experimental Quantification of Intramolecular Noncovalent Interactions of π Systems. Chemistry 2019; 25:10516-10530. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abil E. Aliev
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - William B. Motherwell
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
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9
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Alajarin M, Lopez-Leonardo C, Orenes RA, Pastor A, Sanchez-Andrada P, Vidal A. Exploring the Conversion of Macrocyclic 2,2′-Biaryl Bis(thioureas) into Cyclic Monothioureas: An Experimental and Computational Investigation. J Org Chem 2018; 83:14022-14035. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mateo Alajarin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Regional Campus
of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Carmen Lopez-Leonardo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Regional Campus
of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Raul-Angel Orenes
- Servicio Universitario de Instrumentacion Cientifica, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Aurelia Pastor
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Regional Campus
of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Pilar Sanchez-Andrada
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Regional Campus
of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Angel Vidal
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Regional Campus
of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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10
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Van Craen D, Rath WH, Huth M, Kemp L, Räuber C, Wollschläger JM, Schalley CA, Valkonen A, Rissanen K, Albrecht M. Chasing Weak Forces: Hierarchically Assembled Helicates as a Probe for the Evaluation of the Energetics of Weak Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:16959-16966. [PMID: 29068687 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b10098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
London dispersion forces are the weakest interactions between molecules. Because of this, their influence on chemical processes is often low, but can definitely not be ignored, and even becomes important in cases of molecules with large contact surfaces. Hierarchically assembled dinuclear titanium(IV) helicates represent a rare example in which the direct observation of London dispersion forces is possible in solution even in the presence of strong cohesive solvent effects. Hereby, the dispersion forces do not unlimitedly support the formation of the dimeric complexes. Although they have some favorable enthalpic contribution to the dimerization of the monomeric complex units, large flexible substituents become conformationally restricted by the interactions leading to an entropic disadvantage. The dimeric helicates are entropically destabilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Van Craen
- Institut für Organische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H Rath
- Institut für Organische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Marina Huth
- Institut für Organische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Laura Kemp
- Institut für Organische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Christoph Räuber
- Institut für Organische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Jan M Wollschläger
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie-Organische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin , Takustrasse 3, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Christoph A Schalley
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie-Organische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin , Takustrasse 3, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Arto Valkonen
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla , Survontie 9 B, Jyväskylä 40014, Finland
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla , Survontie 9 B, Jyväskylä 40014, Finland
| | - Markus Albrecht
- Institut für Organische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
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11
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Kumar R, Gaurav A, Pal S, Kumar KR, Sridhar B, Tewari AK. Reverse Intramolecular Stacking in o-Xylene Bridge Symmetrical Dimers of 2-Thiopyridine Derivative: Assessment of the Conformational Stability. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjeet Kumar
- Department of Chemistry (Centre of Advanced Studies); Institute of Science; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Archana Gaurav
- Department of Chemistry (Centre of Advanced Studies); Institute of Science; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Shiv Pal
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune; Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411008 India
| | - Krishnan R. Kumar
- Laboratory of X-ray Crystallography; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad 500 607 India
| | - Balasubramanian Sridhar
- Laboratory of X-ray Crystallography; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad 500 607 India
| | - Ashish K. Tewari
- Department of Chemistry (Centre of Advanced Studies); Institute of Science; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi 221005 India
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12
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Lypson AB, Wilcox CS. Synthesis and NMR Analysis of a Conformationally Controlled β-Turn Mimetic Torsion Balance. J Org Chem 2017; 82:898-909. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa B. Lypson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Craig S. Wilcox
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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13
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Yang L, Brazier JB, Hubbard TA, Rogers DM, Cockroft SL. Can Dispersion Forces Govern Aromatic Stacking in an Organic Solvent? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201508056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lixu Yang
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry; University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building; David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - John B. Brazier
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry; University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building; David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Thomas A. Hubbard
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry; University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building; David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - David M. Rogers
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry; University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building; David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Scott L. Cockroft
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry; University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building; David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
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14
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Yang L, Brazier JB, Hubbard TA, Rogers DM, Cockroft SL. Can Dispersion Forces Govern Aromatic Stacking in an Organic Solvent? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 55:912-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201508056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lixu Yang
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry; University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building; David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - John B. Brazier
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry; University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building; David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Thomas A. Hubbard
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry; University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building; David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - David M. Rogers
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry; University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building; David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Scott L. Cockroft
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry; University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building; David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
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15
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Kumarasamy E, Raghunathan R, Sibi MP, Sivaguru J. Nonbiaryl and Heterobiaryl Atropisomers: Molecular Templates with Promise for Atropselective Chemical Transformations. Chem Rev 2015; 115:11239-300. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elango Kumarasamy
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Ramya Raghunathan
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Mukund P. Sibi
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - J. Sivaguru
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
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16
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Chen H, Yao E, Xu C, Meng X, Ma Y. Unusual regio- and stereo-selectivity in Diels-Alder reactions between bulky N-phenylmaleimides and anthracene derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 12:5102-7. [PMID: 24930402 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01052c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Unusual regio- and stereo-selectivity in Diels-Alder (D-A) reactions were achieved between bulky N-phenylmaleimides and anthracene derivatives. Using multiple substituents with steric hindrance on both diene and dienophile, a noticeable shift toward 1,4-addition was successfully obtained. The substrate scope in this reaction was broad and the highest yield of anti-1,4-adducts was over 90%. Novel structures of anti-1,4-adducts were confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. This study not only provides the first reported method of synthesizing anti-1,4-adducts and achieving otherwise unattainable regio- and stereo-selectivity, but also elucidates the importance of combining the steric effects of two reactants to shift products toward 1,4-adducts. Moreover, the resulting 1,4-adducts could be further functionalized through their halogen groups via carbon-carbon coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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17
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Li P, Maier JM, Hwang J, Smith MD, Krause JA, Mullis BT, Strickland SMS, Shimizu KD. Solvent-induced reversible solid-state colour change of an intramolecular charge-transfer complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:14809-12. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc06140g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A dynamic intramolecular charge-transfer complex reversibly changes colours due to solvent-inclusion induced geometric changes in the donor and acceptor interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of South Carolina
- Columbia
- USA
| | - Josef M. Maier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of South Carolina
- Columbia
- USA
| | - Jungwun Hwang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of South Carolina
- Columbia
- USA
| | - Mark D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of South Carolina
- Columbia
- USA
| | | | - Brian T. Mullis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of South Carolina
- Columbia
- USA
| | | | - Ken D. Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of South Carolina
- Columbia
- USA
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18
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Sun Y, Mao X, Luo L, Tian D, Li H. Calix[4]arene triazole-linked pyrene: click synthesis, assembly on graphene oxide, and highly sensitive carbaryl sensing in serum. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:9294-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01388g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Graphene oxide modified with a fluorescent calix[4]arene showed a highly selective recognition for carbaryl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (CCNU)
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan
| | - Xiaowei Mao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (CCNU)
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan
| | - Li Luo
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (CCNU)
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan
| | - Demei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (CCNU)
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan
| | - Haibing Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (CCNU)
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan
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19
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Avestro AJ, Gardner DM, Vermeulen NA, Wilson EA, Schneebeli ST, Whalley AC, Belowich ME, Carmieli R, Wasielewski MR, Stoddart JF. Gated electron sharing within dynamic naphthalene diimide-based oligorotaxanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:4442-9. [PMID: 24623608 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201309680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The controlled self-assembly of well-defined and spatially ordered π-systems has attracted considerable interest because of their potential applications in organic electronics. An important contemporary pursuit relates to the investigation of charge transport across noncovalently coupled components in a stepwise fashion. Dynamic oligorotaxanes, prepared by template-directed methods, provide a scaffold for directing the construction of monodisperse one-dimensional assemblies in which the functional units communicate electronically through-space by way of π-orbital interactions. Reported herein is a series of oligorotaxanes containing one, two, three and four naphthalene diimide (NDI) redox-active units, which have been shown by cyclic voltammetry, and by EPR and ENDOR spectroscopies, to share electrons across the NDI stacks. Thermally driven motions between the neighboring NDI units in the oligorotaxanes influence the passage of electrons through the NDI stacks in a manner reminiscent of the conformationally gated charge transfer observed in DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa-Jennifer Avestro
- Center for the Chemistry of Integrated Systems (CCIS) and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208 (USA) http://chemgroups.northwestern.edu/wasielewski http://stoddart.northwestern.edu
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20
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Avestro AJ, Gardner DM, Vermeulen NA, Wilson EA, Schneebeli ST, Whalley AC, Belowich ME, Carmieli R, Wasielewski MR, Stoddart JF. Gated Electron Sharing Within Dynamic Naphthalene Diimide-Based Oligorotaxanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201309680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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21
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Liu QX, Bi Y, Zhao XJ, Zhao ZX, Wang JH, Wang XG. Copper(ii) and cobalt(ii) complexes based on bis-benzimidazolyl ligand with 1,2-bis(2′-ethoxy)phenyl linker: synthesis, crystal structure and conformations. CrystEngComm 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ce40957k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Liu QX, Zhao ZX, Zhao XJ, Bi Y, Yu J, Wang XG. Preparation, crystal structures and conformations of six complexes based on 1,4-bis(benzimidazol-1-ylmethyl)-2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzene. CrystEngComm 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ce00215f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Six manganese(ii), cobalt(ii), copper(ii) and cadmium(ii) complexes based on dibenzimidazolyl ligands with the 1,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene linker have been prepared and characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Xiang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Tianjin Normal University
| | - Zhi-Xiang Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Tianjin Normal University
| | - Xiao-Jun Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Tianjin Normal University
| | - Yue Bi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Tianjin Normal University
| | - Jie Yu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Tianjin Normal University
| | - Xiu-Guang Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Tianjin Normal University
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23
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Xia J, Ou YP, Meng XG, Yin J, Yu GA, Liu SH. Synthesis and Characterization of Dithia[3.3]metaparacyclophane-Bridged Dimetallic Ruthenium Acetylide Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201301304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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24
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Takai A, Yasuda T, Ishizuka T, Kojima T, Takeuchi M. A Directly Linked Ferrocene-Naphthalenediimide Conjugate: Precise Control of Stacking Structures of π-Systems by Redox Stimuli. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:9167-71. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201302587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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25
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Takai A, Yasuda T, Ishizuka T, Kojima T, Takeuchi M. A Directly Linked Ferrocene–Naphthalenediimide Conjugate: Precise Control of Stacking Structures of π‐Systems by Redox Stimuli. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201302587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsuro Takai
- Organic Materials Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1‐2‐1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305‐0047 (Japan) http://www.nims.go.jp/macromol/english/
| | - Takeshi Yasuda
- Organic Thin‐Film Solar Cells Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1‐2‐1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305‐0047 (Japan)
| | - Tomoya Ishizuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1‐1‐1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305‐8571 (Japan)
| | - Takahiko Kojima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1‐1‐1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305‐8571 (Japan)
| | - Masayuki Takeuchi
- Organic Materials Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1‐2‐1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305‐0047 (Japan) http://www.nims.go.jp/macromol/english/
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26
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Liu QX, Zhao LX, Zhao XJ, Zhao ZX, Wang ZQ, Chen AH, Wang XG. Silver(I), palladium(II) and mercury(II) NHC complexes based on bis-benzimidazole salts with mesitylene linker: Synthesis, structural studies and catalytic activity. J Organomet Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Abstract
Fundamental features of biomolecules, such as their structure, solvation, and crystal packing and even the docking of drugs, rely on noncovalent interactions. Theory can help elucidate the nature of these interactions, and energy component analysis reveals the contributions from the various intermolecular forces: electrostatics, London dispersion terms, induction (polarization), and short-range exchange-repulsion. Symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (SAPT) provides one method for this type of analysis. In this Account, we show several examples of how SAPT provides insight into the nature of noncovalent π-interactions. In cation-π interactions, the cation strongly polarizes electrons in π-orbitals, leading to substantially attractive induction terms. This polarization is so important that a cation and a benzene attract each other when placed in the same plane, even though a consideration of the electrostatic interactions alone would suggest otherwise. SAPT analysis can also support an understanding of substituent effects in π-π interactions. Trends in face-to-face sandwich benzene dimers cannot be understood solely in terms of electrostatic effects, especially for multiply substituted dimers, but SAPT analysis demonstrates the importance of London dispersion forces. Moreover, detailed SAPT studies also reveal the critical importance of charge penetration effects in π-stacking interactions. These effects arise in cases with substantial orbital overlap, such as in π-stacking in DNA or in crystal structures of π-conjugated materials. These charge penetration effects lead to attractive electrostatic terms where a simpler analysis based on atom-centered charges, electrostatic potential plots, or even distributed multipole analysis would incorrectly predict repulsive electrostatics. SAPT analysis of sandwich benzene, benzene-pyridine, and pyridine dimers indicates that dipole/induced-dipole terms present in benzene-pyridine but not in benzene dimer are relatively unimportant. In general, a nitrogen heteroatom contracts the electron density, reducing the magnitude of both the London dispersion and the exchange-repulsion terms, but with an overall net increase in attraction. Finally, using recent advances in SAPT algorithms, researchers can now perform SAPT computations on systems with 200 atoms or more. We discuss a recent study of the intercalation complex of proflavine with a trinucleotide duplex of DNA. Here, London dispersion forces are the strongest contributors to binding, as is typical for π-π interactions. However, the electrostatic terms are larger than usual on a fractional basis, which likely results from the positive charge on the intercalator and its location between two electron-rich base pairs. These cation-π interactions also increase the induction term beyond those of typical noncovalent π-interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. David Sherrill
- Center for Computational Molecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and School of Computational Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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28
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Xia J, Ou YP, Wu D, Jin GJ, Yin J, Yu GA, Liu SH. Dithia[3.3]paracyclophane-bridged bimetallic ruthenium acetylide complexes: synthesis, structures and influence of transannular π–π interactions on their electronic properties. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:14212-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt51756j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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29
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Nath JK, Baruah JB. Water assisted anion chains and anion dependent fluorescence emission in salts of N,N′-bis(3-imidazol-1-ylpropyl)naphthalenediimide. NEW J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj00034f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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30
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Tewari AK, Srivastava P, Singh VP, Singh P, Khanna RS. Molecular recognition phenomenon in aromatic compounds. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-012-0849-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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31
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Snyder SE, Huang BS, Chu YW, Lin HS, Carey JR. The Effects of Substituents on the Geometry of π-π Interactions. Chemistry 2012; 18:12663-71. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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33
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Hohenstein EG, Duan J, Sherrill CD. Origin of the Surprising Enhancement of Electrostatic Energies by Electron-Donating Substituents in Substituted Sandwich Benzene Dimers. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:13244-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja204294q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward G. Hohenstein
- Center for Computational Molecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and School of Computational Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Jiana Duan
- Center for Computational Molecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and School of Computational Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - C. David Sherrill
- Center for Computational Molecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and School of Computational Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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34
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Chou TC, Wu RT, Liao KC, Wang CH. N-1- and N-2-Anthryl Succinimide Derivatives: C–N Bond Rotational Behaviors and Fluorescence Energy Transfer. J Org Chem 2011; 76:6813-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jo200665v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teh-Chang Chou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, Wufong, Taichung, 41369, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Tsung Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, Wufong, Taichung, 41369, Taiwan
| | - Kung-Ching Liao
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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35
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Salonen LM, Ellermann M, Diederich F. Aromatische Ringe in chemischer und biologischer Erkennung: Energien und Strukturen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201007560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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36
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Salonen LM, Ellermann M, Diederich F. Aromatic rings in chemical and biological recognition: energetics and structures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:4808-42. [PMID: 21538733 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201007560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1172] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review describes a multidimensional treatment of molecular recognition phenomena involving aromatic rings in chemical and biological systems. It summarizes new results reported since the appearance of an earlier review in 2003 in host-guest chemistry, biological affinity assays and biostructural analysis, data base mining in the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) and the Protein Data Bank (PDB), and advanced computational studies. Topics addressed are arene-arene, perfluoroarene-arene, S⋅⋅⋅aromatic, cation-π, and anion-π interactions, as well as hydrogen bonding to π systems. The generated knowledge benefits, in particular, structure-based hit-to-lead development and lead optimization both in the pharmaceutical and in the crop protection industry. It equally facilitates the development of new advanced materials and supramolecular systems, and should inspire further utilization of interactions with aromatic rings to control the stereochemical outcome of synthetic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Salonen
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Hönggerberg, HCI, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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37
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Dial BE, Rasberry RD, Bullock BN, Smith MD, Pellechia PJ, Profeta S, Shimizu KD. Guest-Accelerated Molecular Rotor. Org Lett 2010; 13:244-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol102659n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brent E. Dial
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahasse, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Roger D. Rasberry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahasse, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Brooke N. Bullock
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahasse, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Mark D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahasse, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Perry J. Pellechia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahasse, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Salvatore Profeta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahasse, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Ken D. Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahasse, Florida 32306, United States
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38
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Mati IK, Cockroft SL. Molecular balances for quantifying non-covalent interactions. Chem Soc Rev 2010; 39:4195-205. [PMID: 20844782 DOI: 10.1039/b822665m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Molecular interactions underlie the whole of chemistry and biology. This tutorial review illustrates the use of rotameric folding molecules, topoisomers, atropoisomers, and tautomers as molecular balances for quantifying non-covalent interactions. This intramolecular approach enables a wide variety of interactions to be examined with a degree of geometric control that is difficult to achieve in supramolecular complexes. Synthetic variation of molecular balances allows the fundamental physicochemical origins of molecular recognition to be systematically examined by providing insights into the interplay of geometry and solvation on non-covalent interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioulia K Mati
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, UK EH9 3JJ
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39
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Behof WJ, Wang D, Niu W, Gorman CB. Cascade Cyclization To Produce a Series of Fused, Aromatic Molecules. Org Lett 2010; 12:2146-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ol100656d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William J. Behof
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Box 8204, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204
| | - Dongchuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Box 8204, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204
| | - Weijun Niu
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Box 8204, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204
| | - Christopher B. Gorman
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Box 8204, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204
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