1
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Navarro M, Moreno JJ, Pérez-Jiménez M, Campos J. Small molecule activation with bimetallic systems: a landscape of cooperative reactivity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:11220-11235. [PMID: 36128973 PMCID: PMC9536487 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04296g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
There is growing interest in the design of bimetallic cooperative complexes, which have emerged due to their potential for bond activation and catalysis, a feature widely exploited by nature in metalloenzymes, and also in the field of heterogeneous catalysis. Herein, we discuss the widespread opportunities derived from combining two metals in close proximity, ranging from systems containing multiple M-M bonds to others in which bimetallic cooperation occurs even in the absence of M⋯M interactions. The choice of metal pairs is crucial for the reactivity of the resulting complexes. In this context, we describe the prospects of combining not only transition metals but also those of the main group series, which offer additional avenues for cooperative pathways and reaction discovery. Emphasis is given to mechanisms by which bond activation occurs across bimetallic structures, which is ascribed to the precise synergy between the two metal atoms. The results discussed herein indicate a future landscape full of possibilities within our reach, where we anticipate that bimetallic synergism will have an important impact in the design of more efficient catalytic processes and the discovery of new catalytic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Navarro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Juan José Moreno
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Marina Pérez-Jiménez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Jesús Campos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
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2
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Szynkiewicz N, Chojnacki J, Grubba R. Exploring the Reactivity of Unsymmetrical Diphosphanes toward Heterocumulenes: Access to Phosphanyl and Phosphoryl Derivatives of Amides, Imines, and Iminoamides. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:9523-9532. [PMID: 35700273 PMCID: PMC9490836 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We present a comprehensive
study on the diphosphanation of iso(thio)cyanates
by unsymmetrical diphosphanes. The reactions involving unsymmetrical
diphosphanes and phenyl isocyanate or phenyl thioisocyanate gave rise
to phosphanyl, phosphoryl, and thiophosphoryl derivatives of amides,
imines, and iminoamides. The structures of the diphosphanation products
were confirmed through NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, and single-crystal
X-ray diffraction. We showed that unsymmetrical diphosphanes could
be used as building blocks to synthesize phosphorus analogues of important
classes of organic molecules. The described transformations provided
a new methodology for the synthesis of organophosphorus compounds
bearing phosphanyl, phosphoryl, or thiophosphoryl functional groups.
Moreover, theoretical studies on diphosphanation reactions explained
the influence of the steric and electronic properties of the parent
diphosphanes on the structures of the diphosphanation products. We provided synthetic access to phosphanyl,
phosphoryl,
or thiophosphoryl derivatives of amides, imines, and iminoamides starting
from simple building blocks such as unsymmetrical diphosphanes and
heterocumulenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Szynkiewicz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jarosław Chojnacki
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Rafał Grubba
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
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3
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Stephan DW. Diverse Uses of the Reaction of Frustrated Lewis Pair (FLP) with Hydrogen. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20002-20014. [PMID: 34786935 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The articulation of the notion of "frustrated Lewis pairs" (FLPs) emerged from the discovery that H2 can be reversibly activated by combinations of sterically encumbered main group Lewis acids and bases. This has prompted numerous studies focused on various perturbations of the Lewis acid/base combinations and the applications to organic reductions. This Perspective focuses on the new directions and developments that are emerging from this FLP chemistry involving hydrogen. Three areas are discussed including new applications and approaches to FLP reductions, the reductions of small molecules, and the advances in heterogeneous FLP systems. These foci serve to illustrate that despite having its roots in main group chemistry, this simple concept of FLPs is being applied across the discipline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas W Stephan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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4
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Navarro M, Campos J. Bimetallic frustrated Lewis pairs. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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5
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Scott PJ, Spiering GA, Wang Y, Seibers ZD, Moore RB, Kumar R, Lokitz BS, Long TE. Phosphonium-Based Polyzwitterions: Influence of Ionic Structure and Association on Mechanical Properties. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip J. Scott
- Department of Chemistry, Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Glenn A. Spiering
- Department of Chemistry, Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Zach D. Seibers
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Robert B. Moore
- Department of Chemistry, Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Rajeev Kumar
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
- Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Bradley S. Lokitz
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Timothy E. Long
- School of Molecular Sciences, Biodesign Center for Sustainable Macromolecular Materials and Manufacturing (BCSM3), Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
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6
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Wellnitz T, Hering‐Junghans C. Synthesis and Reactivity of Monocyclic Homoleptic Oligophosphanes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Wellnitz
- Junior Research Groups Leibniz Institute for Catalysis Rostock (LIKAT Rostock) Albert‐Einstein‐Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Christian Hering‐Junghans
- Junior Research Groups Leibniz Institute for Catalysis Rostock (LIKAT Rostock) Albert‐Einstein‐Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
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7
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Desrosiers V, Garcia CZ, Fontaine FG. Boron Recycling in the Metal-Free Transfer C–H Borylation of Terminal Alkynes and Heteroarenes. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Desrosiers
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | | | - Frédéric-Georges Fontaine
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
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8
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Hidalgo N, Moreno JJ, Pérez-Jiménez M, Maya C, López-Serrano J, Campos J. Tuning Activity and Selectivity during Alkyne Activation by Gold(I)/Platinum(0) Frustrated Lewis Pairs. Organometallics 2020; 39:2534-2544. [PMID: 33281270 PMCID: PMC7707620 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Introducing transition metals into frustrated Lewis pair systems has attracted considerable attention in recent years. Here we report a selection of three metal-only frustrated systems based on Au(I)/Pt(0) combinations and their reactivity toward alkynes. We have inspected the activation of acetylene and phenylacetylene. The gold(I) fragments are stabilized by three bulky phosphines bearing terphenyl groups. We have observed that subtle modifications on the substituents of these ligands proved critical in controlling the regioselectivity of acetylene activation and the product distribution resulting from C(sp)-H cleavage of phenylacetylene. A mechanistic picture based on experimental observations and computational analysis is provided. As a result of the cooperative action of the two metals of the frustrated pairs, several uncommon heterobimetallic structures have been characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nereida Hidalgo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan José Moreno
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marina Pérez-Jiménez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Celia Maya
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Joaquín López-Serrano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jesús Campos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
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9
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Schoemaker R, Schwedtmann K, Franconetti A, Frontera A, Hennersdorf F, Weigand JJ. Controlled scrambling reactions to polyphosphanes via bond metathesis reactions. Chem Sci 2019; 10:11054-11063. [PMID: 32190255 PMCID: PMC7066665 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04501e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Triphosphanes R'2PP(R)PR'2 (9a,c: R = Py; 9b R = BTz), 1,3-diphenyl-2-pyridyl-triphospholane 9d and pentaphospholanes (RP)5 (13: R = Py; 18: R = BTz) are obtained in high yield of up to 98% from the reaction of dipyrazolylphosphanes RPpyr2 (5: R = Py; 6: R = BTz; pyr = 1,3-dimethylpyrazolyl) and the respective secondary phosphane (R'2PH, R' = Cy (9a,b), t Bu (9c); PhPH(CH2)2PHPh (9d)). The formation of derivatives 9a-d proceeds via a condensation reaction while the formation of 13 and 18 can only be explained by a selective scrambling reaction. We realized that the reaction outcome is strongly solvent dependent as outlined by the controlled scrambling reaction pathway towards pentaphospholane 13. In our further investigations to apply these compounds as ligands we first confined ourselves to the coordination chemistry of triphosphane 9a with respect to coinage metal salts and discussed the observation of different syn- and anti-isomeric metal complexes based on NMR and X-ray analyses as well as quantum chemical calculations. Methylation reactions of 9a with MeOTf yield triphosphan-1-ium Cy2MePP(Py)PCy2 + (10 +) and triphosphane-1,3-diium Cy2MePP(Py)PMeCy2 2+ (11 2+) cations as triflate salts. Salt 11[OTf]2 reacts with pentaphospholane 13 in an unprecedented chain growth reaction to give the tetraphosphane-1,4-diium triflate salt Cy2MePP(Py)P(Py)PMeCy2 2+ (19[OTf]2) via a P-P/P-P bond metathesis reaction. The latter salt is unstable in solution and rearranges via a rare [1,2]-migration of the Cy2MeP-group followed by the elimination of the triphosph-2-en-1-ium cation [Cy2MePPPMeCy2]+ (20 +) to yield a novel 1,4,2-diazaphospholium salt (21[OTf]).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Schoemaker
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry , TU Dresden , Chair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry , 01062 Dresden , Germany .
| | - Kai Schwedtmann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry , TU Dresden , Chair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry , 01062 Dresden , Germany .
| | - Antonio Franconetti
- Department of Chemistry , Universitat de Illes Balears , 07122 Palma de Mallorca , Spain
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department of Chemistry , Universitat de Illes Balears , 07122 Palma de Mallorca , Spain
| | - Felix Hennersdorf
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry , TU Dresden , Chair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry , 01062 Dresden , Germany .
| | - Jan J Weigand
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry , TU Dresden , Chair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry , 01062 Dresden , Germany .
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10
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Dong S, Daniliuc CG, Kehr G, Erker G. Formation of Active Cyclic Five-membered Frustrated Phosphane/Borane Lewis Pairs and their Cycloaddition Reactions. Chemistry 2019; 26:745-753. [PMID: 31660668 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The cyclic five-membered frustrated phosphane/borane Lewis pairs 11 a, b featuring the bulky octaethylhydrindacenyl- (Eind) substituent or its mono-bromo derivative (Br Eind) at phosphorus are monomeric at room temperature. The reactive frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) cleave dihydrogen. The cyclic FLP 11 b (Br Eind) undergoes 1,2-P/B addition to ethylene to give the zwitterionic heteronorbornane derivative 14 b. It reacts similarly with the carbon-carbon double bond of norbornene. With a variety of organic π-reagents, the cyclic FLP 11 b often undergoes reaction sequences reminiscent of the Alder-Rickert reaction: the cycloaddition reaction is followed by rapid cycloreversion to form new five-membered heterocyclic FLP products with extrusion of ethene. Reactions of 11 b with benzaldehyde or with acetylenes follow this reaction pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunxi Dong
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Gerald Kehr
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Gerhard Erker
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
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11
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Xiao J, Li Q, Shen R, Shimada S, Han L. Phosphonium Phenolate Zwitterion
vs
Phosphonium Ylide: Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity Study of a Trimethylphosphonium Phenolate Zwitterion. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan 411201 People's Republic of China
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8565 Japan
| | - Qiang Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLiaocheng University, Liaocheng Shandong 252059 People's Republic of China
| | - Ruwei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical EngineeringNanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 People's Republic of China
| | - Shigeru Shimada
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8565 Japan
| | - Li‐Biao Han
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8565 Japan
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12
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Adenot A, von Wolff N, Lefèvre G, Berthet J, Thuéry P, Cantat T. Activation of SO
2
by N/Si
+
and N/B Frustrated Lewis Pairs: Experimental and Theoretical Comparison with CO
2
Activation. Chemistry 2019; 25:8118-8126. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Adenot
- NIMBE, CEA, CNRS, CEA SaclayUniversité Paris-Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Niklas von Wolff
- NIMBE, CEA, CNRS, CEA SaclayUniversité Paris-Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Guillaume Lefèvre
- NIMBE, CEA, CNRS, CEA SaclayUniversité Paris-Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Jean‐Claude Berthet
- NIMBE, CEA, CNRS, CEA SaclayUniversité Paris-Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Pierre Thuéry
- NIMBE, CEA, CNRS, CEA SaclayUniversité Paris-Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Thibault Cantat
- NIMBE, CEA, CNRS, CEA SaclayUniversité Paris-Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
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13
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Szynkiewicz N, Ponikiewski Ł, Grubba R. Diphosphination of CO2 and CS2 mediated by frustrated Lewis pairs – catalytic route to phosphanyl derivatives of formic and dithioformic acid. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:2928-2931. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc00621d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first example of CO2 diphosphination is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Szynkiewicz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Gdańsk University of Technology
- Gdańsk
- Poland
| | - Łukasz Ponikiewski
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Gdańsk University of Technology
- Gdańsk
- Poland
| | - Rafał Grubba
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Gdańsk University of Technology
- Gdańsk
- Poland
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14
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Milovanović MR, Andrić JM, Medaković VB, Djukic JP, Zarić SD. Investigation of interactions in Lewis pairs between phosphines and boranes by analyzing crystal structures from the Cambridge Structural Database. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, STRUCTURAL SCIENCE, CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2018; 74:255-263. [PMID: 29927388 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520618003736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The interactions between phosphines and boranes in crystal structures have been investigated by analyzing data from the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD). The interactions between phosphines and boranes were classified into three types; two types depend on groups on the boron atom, whereas the third one involves frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs). The data enabled geometric parameters in structures to be compared with phosphine-borane FLPs with classical Lewis pairs. Most of the crystal structures (78.1%) contain BH3 as the borane group. In these systems, the boron-phosphorus distance is shorter than systems where the boron atom is surrounded by groups other than hydrogen atoms. The analysis of the CSD data has shown that FLPs have a tendency for the longest boron-phosphorus distance among all phosphine-borane pairs, as well as different other geometrical parameters. The results show that most of the frustrated phosphine-borane pairs found in crystal structures are bridged ones. The minority of non-bridged FLP structures contain, beside phosphorus and boron atoms, other heteroatoms (O, N, S for instance).
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan R Milovanović
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Jelena M Andrić
- Innovation Center, Department of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Vesna B Medaković
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Jean Pierre Djukic
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, UMR 7177 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Sneǽana D Zarić
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
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15
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Li J, Daniliuc CG, Kehr G, Erker G. Selective formation of heterocyclic trans-cycloalkenes by alkyne addition to a biphenylene-based phosphane/borane frustrated Lewis pair. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:6344-6347. [PMID: 29863728 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc03369b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A biphenylene based P/B FLP reacts with 1-alkynes through trans-1,2-addition to give heterocyclic E-cycloalkene products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstr. 40
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstr. 40
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Gerald Kehr
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstr. 40
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Gerhard Erker
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstr. 40
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
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16
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Campos J. Dihydrogen and Acetylene Activation by a Gold(I)/Platinum(0) Transition Metal Only Frustrated Lewis Pair. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:2944-2947. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Campos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas
(IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Sevilla and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avenida Américo
Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
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17
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Miller CJ, Chadha U, Ulibarri-Sanchez JR, Dickie DA, Kemp RA. Structure and Lewis-base reactivity of bicyclic low-valent germanium and tin complexes bridged by bis(diisopropylphosphino)amine. Polyhedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2016.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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18
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Wang L, Samigullin K, Wagner M, McQuilken AC, Warren TH, Daniliuc CG, Kehr G, Erker G. An Ethylene-Bridged Phosphane/Borane Frustrated Lewis Pair Featuring the -B(Fxyl)2 Lewis Acid Component. Chemistry 2016; 22:11015-21. [PMID: 27355412 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Hydroboration of dimesitylvinylphosphane with bis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borane [HB(Fxyl)2 ] gave the intramolecular ethylene-bridged P/B frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) Mes2 PCH2 CH2 B(Fxyl)2 . The new compound underwent a variety of typical FLP reactions such as P/B-addition to the carbonyl group of p-chloro-benzaldehyde. Cooperative N,N-addition to nitric oxide gave the respective persistent P/B FLPNO(.) radical, which readily reacted with 1,4-cyclohexadiene by H-atom abstraction to yield the corresponding P/B FLPNOH product. The B(Fxyl)2 -containing FLP reacted as a template for the HB(C6 F5 )2 reduction of carbon monoxide to the formyl stage to give the respective FLP(η(2) -formylborane) product. Most products were characterized by single-crystal X-ray crystal structure analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Wang
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Kamil Samigullin
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Matthias Wagner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Alison C McQuilken
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571557, Washington DC, 20057-1227, USA
| | - Timothy H Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571557, Washington DC, 20057-1227, USA
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Gerald Kehr
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Gerhard Erker
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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19
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Beil A, Gilliard RJ, Grützmacher H. From the parent phosphinidene–carbene adduct NHCPH to cationic P4-rings and P2-cycloaddition products. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:2044-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt03014e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The parent phosphinidene–carbene adduct NHCPH reacts with chlorophosphanes yielding NHC-supported chlorodiphosphanes, which can be transformed to novel P4-rings and reactive 1,2-diphosphenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Beil
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry
- ETH Zürich
- 8093 Zürich
- Switzerland
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20
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Rosorius C, Möricke J, Wibbeling B, McQuilken AC, Warren TH, Daniliuc CG, Kehr G, Erker G. Frustrated Lewis Pair Chemistry Derived from Bulky Allenyl and Propargyl Phosphanes. Chemistry 2015; 22:1103-13. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Rosorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Jennifer Möricke
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Birgit Wibbeling
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Alison C. McQuilken
- Department of Chemistry; Georgetown University; 37th and O Streets NW Washington DC 20057-1227 USA
| | - Timothy H. Warren
- Department of Chemistry; Georgetown University; 37th and O Streets NW Washington DC 20057-1227 USA
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Gerald Kehr
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Gerhard Erker
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
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21
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Taylor LJ, Bühl M, Wawrzyniak P, Chalmers BA, Woollins JD, Slawin AMZ, Fuller AL, Kilian P. Hydride Abstraction and Deprotonation – an Efficient Route to Low Coordinate Phosphorus and Arsenic Species. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurence J. Taylor
- School of Chemistry, EastCHEM, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK, http://chemistry.st‐andrews.ac.uk/staff/pk/group/
| | - Michael Bühl
- School of Chemistry, EastCHEM, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK, http://chemistry.st‐andrews.ac.uk/staff/pk/group/
| | - Piotr Wawrzyniak
- School of Chemistry, EastCHEM, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK, http://chemistry.st‐andrews.ac.uk/staff/pk/group/
| | - Brian A. Chalmers
- School of Chemistry, EastCHEM, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK, http://chemistry.st‐andrews.ac.uk/staff/pk/group/
| | - J. Derek Woollins
- School of Chemistry, EastCHEM, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK, http://chemistry.st‐andrews.ac.uk/staff/pk/group/
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- School of Chemistry, EastCHEM, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK, http://chemistry.st‐andrews.ac.uk/staff/pk/group/
| | - Amy L. Fuller
- School of Chemistry, EastCHEM, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK, http://chemistry.st‐andrews.ac.uk/staff/pk/group/
| | - Petr Kilian
- School of Chemistry, EastCHEM, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK, http://chemistry.st‐andrews.ac.uk/staff/pk/group/
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas W. Stephan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George
Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
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23
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Stephan DW, Erker G. Chemie frustrierter Lewis-Paare: Entwicklung und Perspektiven. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201409800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 481] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Stephan DW, Erker G. Frustrated Lewis pair chemistry: development and perspectives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:6400-41. [PMID: 25974714 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201409800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1298] [Impact Index Per Article: 144.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) are combinations of Lewis acids and Lewis bases in solution that are deterred from strong adduct formation by steric and/or electronic factors. This opens pathways to novel cooperative reactions with added substrates. Small-molecule binding and activation by FLPs has led to the discovery of a variety of new reactions through unprecedented pathways. Hydrogen activation and subsequent manipulation in metal-free catalytic hydrogenations is a frequently observed feature of many FLPs. The current state of this young but rapidly expanding field is outlined in this Review and the future directions for its broadening sphere of impact are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas W Stephan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St, Toronto, Ontario M5S3H6 (Canada).
| | - Gerhard Erker
- Organisch Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstr. 40, 48149 Münster (Germany).
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25
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Bresien J, Faust K, Schulz A, Villinger A. Tieftemperatur-Isolierung des bicyclischen Phosphinophosphoniumsalzes [Mes*2P4Cl][GaCl4]. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201500892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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26
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Bresien J, Faust K, Schulz A, Villinger A. Low-Temperature Isolation of the Bicyclic Phosphinophosphonium Salt [Mes*2P4Cl][GaCl4]. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:6926-30. [PMID: 25891039 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201500892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of [ClP(μ-PMes*)]2 (1) with the Lewis acid GaCl3 yielded a hitherto unknown tetraphosphabicyclo[1.1.0]butan-2-ium salt, [Mes*P4(Cl)Mes*][GaCl4] (3[GaCl4]), which incorporates a positively charged phosphonium center within its bicyclic P4 scaffold. The formation of the title compound was studied by means of low-temperature NMR experiments. This led to the identification of an intermediate cyclotetraphosphenium cation, which was trapped by reaction with dimethylbutadiene (dmb). All of the compounds were fully characterized by experimental and computational methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Bresien
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock (Germany)
| | - Kirill Faust
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock (Germany)
| | - Axel Schulz
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock (Germany). .,Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock (Germany).
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock (Germany)
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27
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Abstract
CONSPECTUS: Frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) chemistry has emerged in the past decade as a strategy that enables main-group compounds to activate small molecules. This concept is based on the notion that combinations of Lewis acids and bases that are sterically prevented from forming classical Lewis acid-base adducts have Lewis acidity and basicity available for interaction with a third molecule. This concept has been applied to stoichiometric reactivity and then extended to catalysis. This Account describes three examples of such developments: hydrogenation, hydroamination, and CO2 reduction. The most dramatic finding from FLP chemistry was the discovery that FLPs can activate H2, thus countering the long-existing dogma that metals are required for such activation. This finding of stoichiometric reactivity was subsequently evolved to employ simple main-group species as catalysts in hydrogenations. While the initial studies focused on imines, subsequent studies uncovered FLP catalysts for a variety of organic substrates, including enamines, silyl enol ethers, olefins, and alkynes. Moreover, FLP reductions of aromatic anilines and N-heterocycles have been developed, while very recent extensions have uncovered the utility of FLP catalysts for ketone reductions. FLPs have also been shown to undergo stoichiometric reactivity with terminal alkynes. Typically, either deprotonation or FLP addition reaction products are observed, depending largely on the basicity of the Lewis base. While a variety of acid/base combinations have been exploited to afford a variety of zwitterionic products, this reactivity can also be extended to catalysis. When secondary aryl amines are employed, hydroamination of alkynes can be performed catalytically, providing a facile, metal-free route to enamines. In a similar fashion, initial studies of FLPs with CO2 demonstrated their ability to capture this greenhouse gas. Again, modification of the constituents of the FLP led to the discovery of reaction systems that demonstrated stoichiometric reduction of CO2 to either methanol or CO. Further modification led to the development of catalytic systems for the reduction of CO2 by hydrosilylation and hydroboration or deoxygenation. As each of these areas of FLP chemistry has advanced from the observation of unusual stoichiometric reactions to catalytic processes, it is clear that the concept of FLPs provides a new strategy for the design and application of main-group chemistry and the development of new metal-free catalytic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas W. Stephan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George
Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
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28
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He G, Shynkaruk O, Lui MW, Rivard E. Small Inorganic Rings in the 21st Century: From Fleeting Intermediates to Novel Isolable Entities. Chem Rev 2014; 114:7815-80. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400547x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan
Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Olena Shynkaruk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan
Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Melanie W. Lui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan
Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan
Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
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29
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Barry BM, Dickie DA, Murphy LJ, Clyburne JAC, Kemp RA. NH/PH Isomerization and a Lewis Pair for Carbon Dioxide Capture. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:8312-4. [DOI: 10.1021/ic401498r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian M. Barry
- Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
87131, United States
| | - Diane A. Dickie
- Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
87131, United States
| | - Luke J. Murphy
- The
Atlantic Centre for Green Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Saint
Mary’s University, Halifax, NS, B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - Jason A. C. Clyburne
- The
Atlantic Centre for Green Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Saint
Mary’s University, Halifax, NS, B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - Richard A. Kemp
- Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
87131, United States
- Advanced Materials Laboratory, Sandia
National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106, United States
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30
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Chen D, Klankermayer J. Frustrated Lewis Pairs: from dihydrogen activation to asymmetric catalysis. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2013; 334:1-26. [PMID: 23408275 DOI: 10.1007/128_2012_402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The non-self-quenched property of Frustrated Lewis Pairs (FLPs) contradicts the classical Lewis acid-base theory, but this peculiarity offers unprecedented possibilities for the activation of small molecules. Among all of their fascinating applications, FLP mediated hydrogen activation and the associated catalytic hydrogenations are currently considered as the most intriguing illustration of their reactivity. The FLPs enabled the catalytic reduction of a wide range of substrates with molecular hydrogen and tuning of the structural properties of the FLP partners allowed broadening of the substrate scope. Based on detailed mechanistic knowledge, FLP based asymmetric hydrogenation of various substrates could be achieved with high enantioselectivities. More importantly, FLP based enantioselective catalysis is not limited to the field of asymmetric hydrogenation, and other exciting catalytic applications have already appeared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianjun Chen
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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31
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Khasiyatullina NR, Mironov VF, Gnezdilov OI. Reaction of 6-bromo-2-hydroxy-4-tributylphosphonium naphthyl-1-ate with chlorobis(phenylenedioxy)spirophosphoranes. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363212050234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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32
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Holtrichter-Rößmann T, Rösener C, Hellmann J, Uhl W, Würthwein EU, Fröhlich R, Wibbeling B. Generation of Weakly Bound Al–N Lewis Pairs by Hydroalumination of Ynamines and the Activation of Small Molecules: Phenylethyne and Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om3001179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Rösener
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes Hellmann
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße
40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ernst-Ulrich Würthwein
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße
40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Roland Fröhlich
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße
40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Birgit Wibbeling
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße
40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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33
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Lee CJ, Jang YJ, Wu ZZ, Lin W. Preparation of Functional Phosphorus Zwitterions from Activated Alkanes, Aldehydes, and Tributylphosphine: Synthesis of Polysubstituted Furo[3,2-c]coumarins. Org Lett 2012; 14:1906-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol3005479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Jui Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, 88, Section 4, Tingchow Road, Taipei 11677, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yeong-Jiunn Jang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, 88, Section 4, Tingchow Road, Taipei 11677, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Zong-Ze Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, 88, Section 4, Tingchow Road, Taipei 11677, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wenwei Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, 88, Section 4, Tingchow Road, Taipei 11677, Taiwan, ROC
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34
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina L. Odinets
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia.
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- D. W. Allen
- Biomedical Research Centre Sheffield Hallam University Sheffield, S1 1WB UK
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36
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Tofan D, Cummins CC. Bicyclic dinuclear tris-(ditopic diphosphane) complexes of zerovalent group 10 metals. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc20559a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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37
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Bertini F, Lyaskovskyy V, Timmer BJJ, de Kanter FJJ, Lutz M, Ehlers AW, Slootweg JC, Lammertsma K. Preorganized Frustrated Lewis Pairs. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 134:201-4. [DOI: 10.1021/ja210214r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Bertini
- Department of Chemistry and
Pharmaceutical Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Volodymyr Lyaskovskyy
- Department of Chemistry and
Pharmaceutical Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brian J. J. Timmer
- Department of Chemistry and
Pharmaceutical Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frans J. J. de Kanter
- Department of Chemistry and
Pharmaceutical Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Lutz
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular
Research, Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas W. Ehlers
- Department of Chemistry and
Pharmaceutical Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J. Chris Slootweg
- Department of Chemistry and
Pharmaceutical Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Koop Lammertsma
- Department of Chemistry and
Pharmaceutical Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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38
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Tanur CA, Stephan DW. The Thioether–Methyleneborane (PhSCH2B(C6F5)2)2: Synthesis and Reactivity with Donors and Alkynes. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om200336t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl A. Tanur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6
| | - Douglas W. Stephan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6
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39
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Zhao X, Lough AJ, Stephan DW. Synthesis and reactivity of alkynyl-linked phosphonium borates. Chemistry 2011; 17:6731-43. [PMID: 21544880 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201100203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The phosphine tBu(2 PC[triple bond]CH (1) was reacted with B(C(6)F(5)) to give the zwitterionic species tBu(2)P(H)C[triple bond]CB(C(6)F(5))(3) (2). The analogous species tBu(2)P(Me)C[triple bond]CB(C(6)F(5))(3) (3), tBu(2)P(H)C[triple bond]CB(Cl)(C(6)F(5))(2) (4), tBu(2)P(H)C[triple bond]CB(H)(C(6)F(5))(2) (5), and tBu(2)P(Me)C[triple bond]CB(H)(C(6)F(5))(2) (6) were also prepared. The salt [tBu(2)P(H)C[triple bond]CB(C(6)F(5))(2)(THF)][B(C(6)F(5))(4)] (7) was prepared through abstraction of hydride by [Ph(3)C][B(C(6)F(5))(4)]. Species 5 reacted with the imine tBuN=CHPh to give the borane-amine adduct tBu(2)PC[triple bond]CB[tBuN(H)CH(2)Ph](C(6)F(5))(2) (8). The related phosphine Mes(2)PC[triple bond]CH (9; Mes=C(6)H(2)Me(3)) was used to prepare [tBu(3)PH][Mes(2)PC[triple bond]CB(C(6)F(5))(3)] (10) and generate Mes(2)PC[triple bond]CB(C(6)F(5))(2). The adduct Mes(2)PC[triple bond]CB(NCMe)(C(6)F(5))(2) (11) was isolated. Reaction of Mes(2)PC[triple bond]CB(C(6)F(5))(2) with H(2) gave the zwitterionic product (C(6)F(5))(2)(H)BC(H)=C[P(H)Mes(2)][(C(6)F(5))(2)BC[triple bond]CP(H)Mes(2)] (12). Reaction of tBu(2)PC[triple bond]CB(C(6)F(5))(2), a phosphine-borane generated in situ from 5, with 1-hexene gave the species [tBu(2)PC[triple bond]CB(C(6)F(5))(2)](CH(2)CHnBu)[tBu(2)PC[triple bond]CB(C(6)F(5))(2)] (13) and subsequent reaction with methanol or hexene resulted in the formation of [tBu(2)P(H)C[triple bond]CB(C(6)F(5))(2)](CH(2)CHnBu)[tBu(2)PC[triple bond]CB(C(6)F(5))(2)](OMe) (14) or the macrocycle {[tBu(2)PC[triple bond]CB(C(6)F(5))(2)](CH(2)CH(2)nBu)}(2) (15), respectively. In a related fashion, the reaction of 13 with THF afforded the macrocycle [tBu(2)PC[triple bond]CB(C(6)F(5))(2)](CH(2)CHnBu)[tBu(2)PC[triple bond]CB(C(6)F(5))(2)][O(CH(2))(4)] (16), although treatment of tBu(2)PC[triple bond]CB(C(6)F(5))(2) with THF lead to the formation of {[tBu(2)[triple bond]CB(C(6)F(5))(2)][O(CH(2))(4)]}(2) (17). In a related example, the reaction of Mes(2)PC[triple bond]CB(C(6)F(5))(2) with PhC[triple bond]CH gave {[Mes(2)PC[triple bond]CB(C(6)F(5))(2)](CH[triple bond]CPh)}(2) (18). Compound 5 reacted with AlX(3) (X=Cl, Br) to give addition to the alkynyl unit, affording (C(6)F(5))(2)BC(H)=C[P(H)tBu(2)](AlX(3)) (X=Cl 19, Br 20). In a similar fashion, 5 reacted with [Zn(C(6)F(5))(2)]⋅C(7)H(8), [Al(C(6)F(5))(3)]⋅C(7)H(8), or HB(C(6)F(5))(2) to give (C(6)F(5))(3)BC(H)=C[P(H)tBu(2)][Zn(C(6)F(5))] (21), (C(6)F(5))(3)BC(H)=C[P(H)tBu(2)][Al(C(6)F(5))(2)] (22), or [(C(6)F(5))(2)B](2)HC=CH[P(H)tBu(2)] (23), respectively. The implications of this reactivity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Appelt C, Westenberg H, Bertini F, Ehlers AW, Slootweg JC, Lammertsma K, Uhl W. Geminal Phosphorus/Aluminum-Based Frustrated Lewis Pairs: CH versus CC Activation and CO2Fixation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:3925-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201006901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Revised: 12/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Appelt C, Westenberg H, Bertini F, Ehlers AW, Slootweg JC, Lammertsma K, Uhl W. Geminal Phosphorus/Aluminum-Based Frustrated Lewis Pairs: CH versus CC Activation and CO2Fixation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201006901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Zhao X, Stephan DW. Bis-boranes in the frustrated Lewis pair activation of carbon dioxide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:1833-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc04791k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Schwendemann S, Fröhlich R, Kehr G, Erker G. Intramolecular frustrated N/B lewis pairs by enamine hydroboration. Chem Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1sc00124h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Dureen MA, Brown CC, Stephan DW. Addition of Enamines or Pyrroles and B(C6F5)3 “Frustrated Lewis Pairs” to Alkynes. Organometallics 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/om1008346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meghan A. Dureen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6
| | - Christopher C. Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6
| | - Douglas W. Stephan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6
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Axenov KV, Mömming CM, Kehr G, Fröhlich R, Erker G. Structure and Dynamic Features of an Intramolecular Frustrated Lewis Pair. Chemistry 2010; 16:14069-73. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201001814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Voss T, Chen C, Kehr G, Nauha E, Erker G, Stephan D. Cyclizations via Frustrated Lewis Pairs: Lewis Acid Induced Intramolecular Additions of Amines to Olefins and Alkynes. Chemistry 2010; 16:3005-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200903483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Geier SJ, Stephan DW. Lewis acid mediated P–P bond hydrogenation and hydrosilylation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:1026-8. [DOI: 10.1039/b925126j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Holschumacher D, Bannenberg T, Ibrom K, Daniliuc CG, Jones PG, Tamm M. Selective heterolytic P–P bond cleavage of white phosphorus by a frustrated carbene-borane Lewis pair. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:10590-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt01045f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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