1
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Okuda S, Ousaka N, Iwata T, Ishida R, Urushima A, Suzuki N, Nagano S, Ikai T, Yashima E. Supramolecular Helical Assemblies of Dirhodium(II) Paddlewheels with 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane: A Remarkable Substituent Effect on the Helical Sense Preference and Amplification of the Helical Handedness Excess of Metallo-Supramolecular Helical Polymers. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:2775-2792. [PMID: 35119857 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We report unique coordination-driven supramolecular helical assemblies of a series of dirhodium(II) tetracarboxylate paddlewheels bearing chiral phenyl- or methyl-substituted amide-bound m-terphenyl residues with triethylene glycol monomethyl ether (TEG) or n-dodecyl tails through a 1:1 complexation with 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO). The chiral dirhodium complexes with DABCO in CHCl3/n-hexane (1:1) form one-handed helical coordination polymers with a controlled propeller chirality at the m-terphenyl groups, which are stabilized by intermolecular hydrogen-bonding networks between the adjacent amide groups at the periphery mainly via a cooperative nucleation-elongation mechanism as supported by circular dichroism (CD), vibrational CD, and variable-temperature (VT) absorption and CD analyses. The VT visible-absorption titrations revealed the temperature-dependent changes in the degree of polymerization. The columnar supramolecular helical structures were elucidated by X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy. The helix sense of the homopolymer carrying the bulky phenyl and n-dodecyl substituents is opposite those of other chiral homopolymers despite having the same absolute configuration at the pendants. A remarkably strong "sergeants and soldiers" (S&S) effect was observed in most of the chiral/achiral copolymers, while the copolymers of the bulky chiral phenyl-substituted dirhodium complexes with n-dodecyl chains displayed an "abnormal" S&S effect accompanied by an inversion of the helix sense, which could be switched to a "normal" S&S effect by changing the solvent composition. A nonracemic dirhodium complex of 20% enantiomeric excess bearing the less bulky chiral methyl substituents with n-dodecyl chains assembled with DABCO to form an almost one-handed helix (the "majority rule" (MR) effect), whereas the three other nonracemic copolymers showed a weak MR effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Okuda
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Naoki Ousaka
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.,Department of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Takuya Iwata
- Department of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Riku Ishida
- Department of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Akio Urushima
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Nozomu Suzuki
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Shusaku Nagano
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Ikai
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Eiji Yashima
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.,Department of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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2
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Miletto I, Ivaldi C, Gianotti E, Paul G, Travagin F, Giovenzana GB, Fraccarollo A, Marchi D, Marchese L, Cossi M. Predicting the Conformation of Organic Catalysts Grafted on Silica Surfaces with Different Numbers of Tethering Chains: The Silicopodality Concept. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2021; 125:21199-21210. [PMID: 34621460 PMCID: PMC8489525 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c06150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid catalysts are attracting much attention, since they combine the versatility and efficiency of homogeneous organic catalysis with the robustness and thermal stability of solid materials, for example, mesoporous silica; in addition, they can be used in cascade reactions, for exploring both organic and inorganic catalysis at the same time. Despite the importance of the organic/inorganic interface in these materials, the effect of the grafting architecture on the final conformation of the organic layer (and hence its reactivity) is still largely unexplored. Here, we investigate a series of organosiloxanes comprising a pyridine ring (the catalyst model) and different numbers of alkylsiloxane chains used to anchor it to the MCM-41 surface. The hybrid interfaces are characterized with X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetric analyses, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance techniques and are modeled theoretically through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, to determine the relationship between the number of chains and the average position of the pyridine group; MD simulations also provide some insights about temperature and solvent effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Miletto
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale, via T. Michel 11, I-15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Chiara Ivaldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale, via T. Michel 11, I-15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Enrica Gianotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale, via T. Michel 11, I-15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Geo Paul
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale, via T. Michel 11, I-15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Fabio Travagin
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco (DSF), Università del Piemonte Orientale, L.go Donegani 2, I-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Battista Giovenzana
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco (DSF), Università del Piemonte Orientale, L.go Donegani 2, I-28100 Novara, Italy
- CAGE Chemicals srl, Via Bovio 6, I-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Alberto Fraccarollo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale, via T. Michel 11, I-15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Davide Marchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale, via T. Michel 11, I-15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Leonardo Marchese
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale, via T. Michel 11, I-15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Maurizio Cossi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale, via T. Michel 11, I-15121 Alessandria, Italy
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3
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Oliveras-González C, Linares M, Amabilino DB, Avarvari N. Large Synthetic Molecule that either Folds or Aggregates through Weak Supramolecular Interactions Determined by Solvent. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:10108-10120. [PMID: 31460103 PMCID: PMC6648001 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Weak noncovalent interactions between large disclike molecules in poorly solvating media generally lead to the formation of fibers where the molecules stack atop one another. Here, we show that a particular chiral spacing group between large aromatic moieties, which usually lead to columnar stacks, in this case gives rise to an intramolecularly folded structure in relatively polar solvents, but in very apolar solvents forms finite aggregates. The molecule that displays this behavior has a C 3 symmetric benzene-1,3,5-tris(3,3'-diamido-2,2'-bipyridine) (BTAB) core with three metalloporphyrin units appended to it through short chiral spacers. Quite well-defined chromophore arrangements are evident by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy of this compound in solution, where clear exciton coupled bands of porphyrins are observed. In more polar solvents where the molecules are dispersed, a relatively weak CD signal is observed as a result of intramolecular folding, a feature confirmed by molecular modeling. The intramolecular folding was confirmed by measuring the CD of a C 2 symmetric analogue. The C 3 symmetric BTAB cores that would normally be expected to stack in a chiral arrangement in apolar solvents show no indication of CD, suggesting that there is no transfer of chirality through it (although the expected planar conformation of the 2,2'-bipyridine unit is confirmed by NMR spectroscopy). The incorporation of the porphyrins on the 3,3'-diamino-2,2'-bipyridine moiety spaced by a chiral unit leaves the latter incapable of assembling through supramolecular π-π stacking. Rather, modeling indicates that the three metalloporphyrin units interact, thanks to van der Waals interactions, favoring their close interactions over that of the BTAB units. Atomic force microscopy shows that, in contrast to other examples of molecules with the same core, disclike aggregates (rather than fibrillar one dimensional aggregates) are favored by the C 3 symmetric molecule. The closed structures are formed through nondirectional interlocking of porphyrin rings. The chiral spacer between the rigid core and the porphyrin moieties is undoubtedly important in determining the outcome in polar or less polar solvents, as modeling shows that this joint in the molecule has two favored conformations that render the molecule relatively flat or convex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mathieu Linares
- Laboratory
of Organic Electronics, ITN, Campus Norrköping, Scientific Visualization
Group, ITN, Campus Norrköping, and Swedish e-Science Research Centre
(SeRC), Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - David B. Amabilino
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, NG7 2RD Nottingham, U.K.
- GSK Carbon
Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, The University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Triumph Road, NG7 2TU Nottingham, U.K.
| | - Narcis Avarvari
- MOLTECH-Anjou,
UMR 6200, CNRS, Univ. Angers, 2bd Lavoisier, 49045 Angers Cedex, France
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4
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van Cleuvenbergen S, Kędziora P, Fillaut JL, Verbiest T, Clays K, Akdas-Kilig H, Camerel F. Chiral Side Groups Trigger Second Harmonic Generation Activity in 3D Octupolar Bipyrimidine-Based Organic Liquid Crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201705138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stijn van Cleuvenbergen
- Department of Chemistry; Katholieke Universiteit Leuven; Celestijnenlaan 200D and F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Przemysław Kędziora
- Polish Academy of Sciences; Institute of Molecular Physics; Smoluchowskiego 17 60-179 Poznań Poland
| | - Jean-Luc Fillaut
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes; UMR 6226 CNRS-; Université de Rennes 1; Campus de Beaulieu 35042 Rennes France
| | - Thierry Verbiest
- Department of Chemistry; Katholieke Universiteit Leuven; Celestijnenlaan 200D and F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Koen Clays
- Department of Chemistry; Katholieke Universiteit Leuven; Celestijnenlaan 200D and F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Huriye Akdas-Kilig
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes; UMR 6226 CNRS-; Université de Rennes 1; Campus de Beaulieu 35042 Rennes France
| | - Franck Camerel
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes; UMR 6226 CNRS-; Université de Rennes 1; Campus de Beaulieu 35042 Rennes France
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5
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van Cleuvenbergen S, Kędziora P, Fillaut JL, Verbiest T, Clays K, Akdas-Kilig H, Camerel F. Chiral Side Groups Trigger Second Harmonic Generation Activity in 3D Octupolar Bipyrimidine-Based Organic Liquid Crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:9546-9550. [PMID: 28675543 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201705138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The design of efficient noncentrosymmetric materials remains the ultimate goal in the field of organic second-order nonlinear optics. Unlike inorganic crystals currently used in second-order nonlinear optical applications, organic materials are an attractive alternative owing to their fast electro-optical response and processability, but their alignment into noncentrosymmetric film remains challenging. Here, symmetry breaking by judicious functionalization of 3D organic octupoles allows the emergence of multifunctional liquid crystalline chromophores which can easily be processed into large, flexible, thin, and self-oriented films with second harmonic generation responses competitive to the prototypical inorganic KH2 PO4 crystals. The liquid-crystalline nature of these chiral organic films also permits the modulation of the nonlinear optical properties owing to the sensitivity of the supramolecular organization to temperature, leading to the development of tunable macroscopic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn van Cleuvenbergen
- Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D and F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Przemysław Kędziora
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Molecular Physics, Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jean-Luc Fillaut
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Thierry Verbiest
- Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D and F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Clays
- Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D and F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Huriye Akdas-Kilig
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Franck Camerel
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042, Rennes, France
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6
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Yamauchi M, Adhikari B, Prabhu DD, Lin X, Karatsu T, Ohba T, Shimizu N, Takagi H, Haruki R, Adachi SI, Kajitani T, Fukushima T, Yagai S. Supramolecular Polymerization of Supermacrocycles: Effect of Molecular Conformations on Kinetics and Morphology. Chemistry 2017; 23:5270-5280. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuaki Yamauchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering; Chiba University; 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Bimalendu Adhikari
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering; Chiba University; 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Deepak D. Prabhu
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering; Chiba University; 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Xu Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering; Chiba University; 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Takashi Karatsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering; Chiba University; 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Tomonori Ohba
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Chiba University; 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Nobutaka Shimizu
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science; High Energy Accelerator Research Organization; 1-1, Oho Tsukuba 305-0801 Japan
| | - Hideaki Takagi
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science; High Energy Accelerator Research Organization; 1-1, Oho Tsukuba 305-0801 Japan
| | - Rie Haruki
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science; High Energy Accelerator Research Organization; 1-1, Oho Tsukuba 305-0801 Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Adachi
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science; High Energy Accelerator Research Organization; 1-1, Oho Tsukuba 305-0801 Japan
| | - Takashi Kajitani
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center; 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo Hyogo 679-5148 Japan
| | - Takanori Fukushima
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Shiki Yagai
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering; Chiba University; 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku Chiba 263-8522 Japan
- Molecular Chirality Research Center; Chiba University; 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku Chiba 263-8522 Japan
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7
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Vela S, Berrocal JA, Atienza C, Meijer EW, Martín N. Mesoscopic helical architectures via self-assembly of porphyrin-based discotic systems. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:4084-4087. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc01670k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mesoscopic super-helices with preferred helicity have been serendipitously formed via the self-assembly of electroactive extended core discotic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Vela
- Departamento Química Orgánica
- Facultad C. C. Químicas
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- 28040 Madrid
- Spain
| | - José Augusto Berrocal
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - Carmen Atienza
- Departamento Química Orgánica
- Facultad C. C. Químicas
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- 28040 Madrid
- Spain
| | - E. W. Meijer
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - Nazario Martín
- Departamento Química Orgánica
- Facultad C. C. Químicas
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- 28040 Madrid
- Spain
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8
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Yashima E, Ousaka N, Taura D, Shimomura K, Ikai T, Maeda K. Supramolecular Helical Systems: Helical Assemblies of Small Molecules, Foldamers, and Polymers with Chiral Amplification and Their Functions. Chem Rev 2016; 116:13752-13990. [PMID: 27754649 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1230] [Impact Index Per Article: 153.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we describe the recent advances in supramolecular helical assemblies formed from chiral and achiral small molecules, oligomers (foldamers), and helical and nonhelical polymers from the viewpoints of their formations with unique chiral phenomena, such as amplification of chirality during the dynamic helically assembled processes, properties, and specific functionalities, some of which have not been observed in or achieved by biological systems. In addition, a brief historical overview of the helical assemblies of small molecules and remarkable progress in the synthesis of single-stranded and multistranded helical foldamers and polymers, their properties, structures, and functions, mainly since 2009, will also be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Yashima
- Department of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University , Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Naoki Ousaka
- Department of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University , Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Daisuke Taura
- Department of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University , Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Kouhei Shimomura
- Department of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University , Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Ikai
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University , Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Maeda
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University , Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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9
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Lai TL, Pop F, Melan C, Canevet D, Sallé M, Avarvari N. Triggering Gel Formation and Luminescence through Donor-Acceptor Interactions in a C
3
-Symmetric Tris(pyrene) System. Chemistry 2016; 22:5839-43. [PMID: 26864120 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thanh-Loan Lai
- Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou; Université d'Angers, CNRS UMR 6200; 2 bd Lavoisier 49045 Angers Cedex France
| | - Flavia Pop
- Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou; Université d'Angers, CNRS UMR 6200; 2 bd Lavoisier 49045 Angers Cedex France
| | - Caroline Melan
- Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou; Université d'Angers, CNRS UMR 6200; 2 bd Lavoisier 49045 Angers Cedex France
| | - David Canevet
- Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou; Université d'Angers, CNRS UMR 6200; 2 bd Lavoisier 49045 Angers Cedex France
| | - Marc Sallé
- Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou; Université d'Angers, CNRS UMR 6200; 2 bd Lavoisier 49045 Angers Cedex France
| | - Narcis Avarvari
- Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou; Université d'Angers, CNRS UMR 6200; 2 bd Lavoisier 49045 Angers Cedex France
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10
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Wöhrle T, Wurzbach I, Kirres J, Kostidou A, Kapernaum N, Litterscheidt J, Haenle JC, Staffeld P, Baro A, Giesselmann F, Laschat S. Discotic Liquid Crystals. Chem Rev 2015; 116:1139-241. [PMID: 26483267 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 423] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Wöhrle
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Iris Wurzbach
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jochen Kirres
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Antonia Kostidou
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nadia Kapernaum
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Juri Litterscheidt
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Johannes Christian Haenle
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Peter Staffeld
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Angelika Baro
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Frank Giesselmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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11
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Yamagishi H, Fukino T, Hashizume D, Mori T, Inoue Y, Hikima T, Takata M, Aida T. Metal–Organic Nanotube with Helical and Propeller-Chiral Motifs Composed of a C10-Symmetric Double-Decker Nanoring. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:7628-31. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b04386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yamagishi
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takahiro Fukino
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hashizume
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tadashi Mori
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1
Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Inoue
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1
Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takaaki Hikima
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1
Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Masaki Takata
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1
Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Takuzo Aida
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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12
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ter Huurne GM, Gillissen MAJ, Palmans ARA, Voets IK, Meijer EW. The Coil-to-Globule Transition of Single-Chain Polymeric Nanoparticles with a Chiral Internal Secondary Structure. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gijs M. ter Huurne
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory of
Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn A. J. Gillissen
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory of
Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Anja R. A. Palmans
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory of
Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ilja K. Voets
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory of
Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - E. W. Meijer
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory of
Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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13
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Zhu Y, Xu Y, Zou G, Zhang Q. Chirality Transfer and Modulation in LB Films Derived From the Diacetylene/Melamine Hydrogen-Bonded Complex. Chirality 2015; 27:492-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei Anhui People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei Anhui People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei Anhui People's Republic of China
| | - Qijin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei Anhui People's Republic of China
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14
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Ogawa S, Morikawa MA, Juhász G, Kimizuka N. Interlocked dimerization of C3-Symmetrical boron difluoride complex: designing non-cooperative supramolecular materials for luminescent thin films. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra11908a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Radially integrated, luminescent boron difluoride complexes form inter-locked dimers in chloroform. The inter-locked dimers show anti-cooperative features and give homogeneous thin-films on solid surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigesaburo Ogawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyushu University
- Japan
| | - Masa-aki Morikawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyushu University
- Japan
- Center for Molecular Systems (CMS)
| | - Gergely Juhász
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyushu University
- Japan
| | - Nobuo Kimizuka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyushu University
- Japan
- Center for Molecular Systems (CMS)
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15
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Pop F, Melan C, Danila I, Linares M, Beljonne D, Amabilino DB, Avarvari N. Hierarchical Self-Assembly of Supramolecular Helical Fibres from AmphiphilicC3-Symmetrical Functional Tris(tetrathiafulvalenes). Chemistry 2014; 20:17443-53. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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El Sayed Moussa M, Guillois K, Shen W, Réau R, Crassous J, Lescop C. Dissymmetrical U-Shaped π-Stacked Supramolecular Assemblies by Using a Dinuclear CuIClip with Organophosphorus Ligands and Monotopic Fully π-Conjugated Ligands. Chemistry 2014; 20:14853-67. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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17
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Dai Y, Zhao X, Su X, Li G, Zhang A. Supramolecular Assembly of C3Peptidic Molecules into Helical Polymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2014; 35:1326-31. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201400158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yutang Dai
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry; Department of Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering; Department of Chemistry; Shanghai University; Materials Building Room 447, Nanchen Street 333 Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry; Department of Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering; Department of Chemistry; Shanghai University; Materials Building Room 447, Nanchen Street 333 Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Xinyan Su
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry; Department of Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering; Department of Chemistry; Shanghai University; Materials Building Room 447, Nanchen Street 333 Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Guangyu Li
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Afang Zhang
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry; Department of Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering; Department of Chemistry; Shanghai University; Materials Building Room 447, Nanchen Street 333 Shanghai 200444 China
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18
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Gillissen MAJ, Koenigs MME, Spiering JJH, Vekemans JAJM, Palmans ARA, Voets IK, Meijer EW. Triple helix formation in amphiphilic discotics: demystifying solvent effects in supramolecular self-assembly. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 136:336-43. [PMID: 24313787 DOI: 10.1021/ja4104183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A set of chiral, amphiphilic, self-assembling discotic molecules based on the 3,3'-bis(acylamino)-2,2'-bipyridine-substituted benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide motif (BiPy-BTA) was prepared. Amphiphilicity was induced into the discotic molecules by an asymmetrical distribution of alkyl and oligo(ethylene oxide) groups in the periphery of the molecules. Small-angle X-ray scattering, cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, and circular dichroism spectroscopy measurements were performed on the discotic amphiphiles in mixtures of water and alcohol at temperatures between 0 °C an 90 °C. The combined results show that these amphiphilic discotic molecules self-assemble into supramolecular fibers consisting of either one or three discotic molecules in the fiber cross-section and that the presence of water induces the bundling of the supramolecular fibers. The rich phase behavior observed for these molecules proves to be intimately connected to the mixing thermodynamics of the water-alcohol mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn A J Gillissen
- Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology , P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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19
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Lai LL, Wang SW, Cheng KL, Lee JJ, Wang TH, Hsu HF. Induction of the Columnar Phase of Unconventional Dendrimers by Breaking theC2Symmetry of Molecules. Chemistry 2012; 18:15361-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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20
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Zou S, He L, Zhang J, He Y, Yuan L, Wu L, Luo J, Wang Y, Feng W. Tunable Mesogens Based on Shape-Persistent Aromatic Oligoamides: From Lamellar, Columnar, to Nematic Liquid Crystalline Phase. Org Lett 2012; 14:3584-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol301057g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuliang Zou
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China and College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Lutao He
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China and College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China and College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Youzhou He
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China and College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Lihua Yuan
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China and College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Lixin Wu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China and College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jian Luo
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China and College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yinghan Wang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China and College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Wen Feng
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China and College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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21
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Lai LL, Hsu SJ, Hsu HC, Wang SW, Cheng KL, Chen CJ, Wang TH, Hsu HF. Formation of Columnar Liquid Crystals on the Basis of Unconventional Triazine-Based Dendrimers by theC3-Symmetric Approach. Chemistry 2012; 18:6542-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201103423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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22
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Gillissen MAJ, Voets IK, Meijer EW, Palmans ARA. Single chain polymeric nanoparticles as compartmentalised sensors for metal ions. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py20350b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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23
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van Houtem MHCJ, Benaskar F, Fitié CFC, Martín-Rapún R, Vekemans JAJM, Meijer EW. Helical self-assembly and co-assembly of fluorinated, preorganized discotics. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:5898-908. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25385b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Gillissen MAJ, Hoeben TT, Spiering AJH, Vekemans JAJM, Palmans ARA, Meijer EW. Supramolecular Chirality Using Both Cooperative and Isodesmic Self-Assembly: hierarchical growth through competition. Isr J Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201100063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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25
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Danila I, Riobé F, Piron F, Puigmartí-Luis J, Wallis JD, Linares M, Ågren H, Beljonne D, Amabilino DB, Avarvari N. Hierarchical Chiral Expression from the Nano- to Mesoscale in Synthetic Supramolecular Helical Fibers of a Nonamphiphilic C3-Symmetrical π-Functional Molecule. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:8344-53. [DOI: 10.1021/ja202211k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ion Danila
- Université d'Angers, CNRS, Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou, UMR 6200, UFR Sciences, Bât. K, 2 Bd. Lavoisier, 49045 Angers, France
| | - François Riobé
- Université d'Angers, CNRS, Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou, UMR 6200, UFR Sciences, Bât. K, 2 Bd. Lavoisier, 49045 Angers, France
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (CSIC), Campus Universitari de Bellaterra, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Flavia Piron
- Université d'Angers, CNRS, Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou, UMR 6200, UFR Sciences, Bât. K, 2 Bd. Lavoisier, 49045 Angers, France
| | - Josep Puigmartí-Luis
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (CSIC), Campus Universitari de Bellaterra, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - John D. Wallis
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, United Kingdom
| | - Mathieu Linares
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans Ågren
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Université de Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - David B. Amabilino
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (CSIC), Campus Universitari de Bellaterra, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Narcis Avarvari
- Université d'Angers, CNRS, Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou, UMR 6200, UFR Sciences, Bât. K, 2 Bd. Lavoisier, 49045 Angers, France
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26
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Wang J, Liu C, Ding D, Zeng L, Cao Q, Zhang H, Zhao H, Li X, Xiang K, He Y, Wang G. Aggregation of an anionic porphyrin with chiral metal complexes and the competitive binding influences of a surfactant and a polyelectrolyte. NEW J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1nj20193j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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27
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Nakade H, Jordan BJ, Srivastava S, Xu H, Yu X, Pollier MA, Cooke G, Rotello VM. Molecular recognition-induced liquid crystals from complementary diaminopyridine and flavin dyads. Supramol Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2010.506540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nakade
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Massachusetts , 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst , MA , 01003 , USA
| | - Brian J. Jordan
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Massachusetts , 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst , MA , 01003 , USA
| | - Sudhanshu Srivastava
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Massachusetts , 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst , MA , 01003 , USA
| | - Hao Xu
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Massachusetts , 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst , MA , 01003 , USA
| | - Xi Yu
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Massachusetts , 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst , MA , 01003 , USA
| | - Michael A. Pollier
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Massachusetts , 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst , MA , 01003 , USA
| | - Graeme Cooke
- b Department of Chemistry , WestCHEM, University of Glasgow , Joseph Black Building, Glasgow , G12 8QQ , UK
| | - Vincent M. Rotello
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Massachusetts , 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst , MA , 01003 , USA
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Affiliation(s)
- George R. Newkome
- Departments of Polymer Science and Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-4717, and Department of Chemistry, Hiram College, Hiram, Ohio 44234
| | - Carol Shreiner
- Departments of Polymer Science and Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-4717, and Department of Chemistry, Hiram College, Hiram, Ohio 44234
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