1
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Araszczuk AM, Pierri G, Schettini R, Costabile C, Della Sala G, Di Marino L, Tedesco C, De Riccardis F, Izzo I. 1,2,3-Triazole-Containing Azamacrocycles from Chiral Triazolopeptoids: Synthesis and Solid-State Studies. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400904. [PMID: 38699895 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Two new chiral 1,2,3-triazole-containing macrocyclic oligoamides (i. e.: triazolopeptoid 4 and 5) were obtained through solid-phase synthesis of linear precursors followed by high dilution macrocyclization reaction. Theoretical (DFT) and spectroscopic (NMR) studies revealed the intricate interplay between the Nα-chiral side chains and their conformational attitudes. BH3-mediated reduction of the tertiary amide groups of known 1-3 and newly synthesized 4 gave novel azamacrocycles 6-9. Detection of borane complexes of azamacrocycles 6 and 9 (i. e.: 10 and 11), corroborated by X-ray diffraction studies, demonstrated the peculiar properties of 1,2,3-triazole-containing macrorings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja M Araszczuk
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132
| | - Giovanni Pierri
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132
| | - Rosaria Schettini
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132
| | - Chiara Costabile
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132
| | - Giorgio Della Sala
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132
| | - Luca Di Marino
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132
| | - Consiglia Tedesco
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132
| | - Francesco De Riccardis
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132
| | - Irene Izzo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132
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2
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Guerinot C, Malige M, Charbonnel N, Malosse K, Jouffret L, Taillefumier C, Roy O, Forestier C, Faure S. Design of Triazolium-Grafted Peptidomimetic Macrocycles with Facial Amphipathicity to Target Pathogenic Bacteria. Org Lett 2024; 26:4088-4092. [PMID: 38709636 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Access to 1,2,3-triazolium-grafted peptoid macrocycles was developed by macrocyclization and multivalent postmodification of linear peptoid oligomers carrying an alternance of benzylic and propargyl groups as side chains. X-ray analysis and NMR studies revealed a conformational preference for constrained hairpin-shaped structures leading to the facial amphipathic character of these macrocycles. A preliminary evaluation showed the antimicrobial activities of these new cationic amphipathic architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Guerinot
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, ICCF, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mélodie Malige
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LMGE, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nicolas Charbonnel
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LMGE, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Killian Malosse
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, ICCF, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laurent Jouffret
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, ICCF, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Claude Taillefumier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, ICCF, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Olivier Roy
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, ICCF, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Sophie Faure
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, ICCF, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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3
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D'Amato A, Jiang L, Della Sala G, Kirshenbaum K, Costabile C, Furlan C, Gianolio E, Izzo I, De Riccardis F. Water-Soluble Chiral Cyclic Peptoids and Their Sodium and Gadolinium Complexes: Study of Conformational and Relaxometric Properties. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37155983 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic peptoids are macrocyclic oligomers of N-substituted glycines with specific folding abilities and excellent metal binding properties. In this work, we show how strategic positioning of chiral (S)- and (R)-(1-carboxyethyl)glycine units influences the conformational stability of water-soluble macrocyclic peptoids as sodium complexes. The reported results are based on nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, extensive computational studies, and X-ray diffraction analysis using single crystals grown from aqueous solutions. The studies include 1H relaxometric investigations of hexameric cyclic peptoids in the presence of the Gd3+ ion to assess their thermodynamic stabilities and relaxivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assunta D'Amato
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, SA 84084, Italy
| | - Linhai Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003-6688, United States
| | - Giorgio Della Sala
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, SA 84084, Italy
| | - Kent Kirshenbaum
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003-6688, United States
| | - Chiara Costabile
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, SA 84084, Italy
| | - Chiara Furlan
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences and Molecular Imaging Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza, 52, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Eliana Gianolio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences and Molecular Imaging Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza, 52, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Irene Izzo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, SA 84084, Italy
| | - Francesco De Riccardis
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, SA 84084, Italy
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4
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A Review on the Synthesis of Polypeptoids. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13020280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyeptoids are a promising class of polypeptide mimetic biopolymers based on N-substituted glycine backbones. Because of the high designability of their side chains, polypeptoids have a wide range of applications in surface antifouling, biosensing, drug delivery, and stimuli-responsive materials. To better control the structures and properties of polypeptoids, it is necessary to understand different methods for polypeptoid synthesis. This review paper summarized and discussed the main synthesis methods of polypeptoids: the solid-phase submonomer synthesis method, ring-opening polymerization method and Ugi reaction method.
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5
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Araszczuk AM, D'Amato A, Schettini R, Costabile C, Della Sala G, Pierri G, Tedesco C, De Riccardis F, Izzo I. Macrocyclic Triazolopeptoids: A Promising Class of Extended Cyclic Peptoids. Org Lett 2022; 24:7752-7756. [PMID: 36223077 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Head-to-tail cyclization of linear oligoamides containing 4-benzylaminomethyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl acetic acid monomers afforded a novel class of "extended macrocyclic peptoids". The identification of the conformation in solution for a cyclodimer and the X-ray crystal structure of a cyclic tetraamide are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja M Araszczuk
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, SA 84084, Italy
| | - Assunta D'Amato
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, SA 84084, Italy
| | - Rosaria Schettini
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, SA 84084, Italy
| | - Chiara Costabile
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, SA 84084, Italy
| | - Giorgio Della Sala
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, SA 84084, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pierri
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, SA 84084, Italy
| | - Consiglia Tedesco
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, SA 84084, Italy
| | - Francesco De Riccardis
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, SA 84084, Italy
| | - Irene Izzo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, SA 84084, Italy
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6
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Clapperton A, Babi J, Tran H. A Field Guide to Optimizing Peptoid Synthesis. ACS POLYMERS AU 2022; 2:417-429. [PMID: 36536890 PMCID: PMC9756346 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.2c00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
N-Substituted glycines (peptoids) are a class of peptidomimetic molecules used as materials for health, environmental, and drug delivery applications. Automated solid-phase synthesis is the most widely used approach for preparing polypeptoids, with a range of published protocols and modifications for selected synthetic targets. Simultaneously, emerging solution-phase syntheses are being leveraged to overcome limitations in solid-phase synthesis and access high-molecular weight polypeptoids. This Perspective aims to outline strategies for the optimization of both solid- and solution-phase synthesis, provide technical considerations for robotic synthesizers, and offer an outlook on advances in synthetic methodologies. The solid-phase synthesis sections explore steps for protocol optimization, accessing complex side chains, and adaptation to robotic synthesizers; the sections on solution-phase synthesis cover the selection of initiators, side chain compatibility, and strategies for controlling polymerization efficiency and scale. This text acts as a "field guide" for researchers aiming to leverage the flexibility and adaptability of peptoids in their research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail
Mae Clapperton
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S
3H6, Canada
| | - Jon Babi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S
3H6, Canada
| | - Helen Tran
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S
3H6, Canada,Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Toronto, 200 College St, Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S
3E5, Canada,
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7
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Zou J, Zhou M, Xiao X, Liu R. Advance in Hybrid Peptides Synthesis. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200575. [PMID: 35978269 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid peptides with heterogeneous backbone are a class of peptide mimics with adjustable proteolytic stability obtained from incorporating unnatural amino acid residues into peptide backbone. α/β-peptides and peptide/peptoid hybrids are two types of hybrid peptides that are widely studied for diverse applications, and several synthetic methods have been developed. In this mini review, the advance in hybrid peptide synthesis is summarized, including solution-phase method, solid-phase method, and novel polymerization method. Conventional solution-phase method and solid-phase method generally result in oligomers with defined sequences, while polymerization methods have advantages in preparing peptide hybrid polymers with high molecular weight with simple operation and low cost. In addition, the future development of polymerization method to realize the control of the peptide hybrid polymer sequence is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingcheng Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Ximian Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Runhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.,Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
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8
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Joaquin D, Mansfield SA, Chanthakhoun JC, LeSueur AK, Blackburn TA, Castle SL. Synthesis and Studies of Bulky Cycloalkyl α,β-Dehydroamino Acids that Enhance Proteolytic Stability. Org Lett 2022; 24:5329-5333. [PMID: 35839437 PMCID: PMC10243721 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Three new bulky cycloalkyl α,β-dehydroamino acids (ΔAAs) have been designed and synthesized. Each residue enhances the rigidity of model peptides and their stability to proteolysis, with larger ring sizes exhibiting greater effects. Peptides containing bulky cycloalkyl ΔAAs are inert to conjugate addition by a nucleophilic thiol. The results suggest that these residues will be effective tools for improving the proteolytic stability of bioactive peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Joaquin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Samuel A Mansfield
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Joseph C Chanthakhoun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Austin K LeSueur
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Tiffani A Blackburn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Steven L Castle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Assunta D'Amato
- University of Salerno: Universita degli Studi di Salerno Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli" Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 84084 Fisciano ITALY
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10
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Kubik S. Synthetic Receptors Based on Abiotic Cyclo(pseudo)peptides. Molecules 2022; 27:2821. [PMID: 35566168 PMCID: PMC9103335 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Work on the use of cyclic peptides or pseudopeptides as synthetic receptors started even before the field of supramolecular chemistry was firmly established. Research initially focused on the development of synthetic ionophores and involved the use of macrocycles with a repeating sequence of subunits along the ring to facilitate the correlation between structure, conformation, and binding properties. Later, nonnatural amino acids as building blocks were also considered. With growing research in this area, cyclopeptides and related macrocycles developed into an important and structurally diverse receptor family. This review provides an overview of these developments, starting from the early years. The presented systems are classified according to characteristic structural elements present along the ring. Wherever possible, structural aspects are correlated with binding properties to illustrate how natural or nonnatural amino acids affect binding properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kubik
- Fachbereich Chemie-Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 54, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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11
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Pierri G, Schettini R, Summa FF, De Riccardis F, Monaco G, Izzo I, Tedesco C. Right- and left-handed PPI helices in cyclic dodecapeptoids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:5253-5256. [PMID: 35388839 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00682k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Enantiomorphic right- and left-handed polyproline type I helices in four cyclic dodecapeptoids with methoxyethyl and propargyl side chains are observed for the first time by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The peculiar absence of NH⋯OC hydrogen bonds in peptoids unveils the role of intramolecular backbone-to-backbone CO⋯CO interactions and CH⋯OC hydrogen bonds in the stabilization of the macrocycle conformation. Moreover, intramolecular backbone-side chain C5 CH⋯OC hydrogen bonds emerge as a stabilizing factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Pierri
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Italy.
| | - Rosaria Schettini
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Italy.
| | - Francesco F Summa
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Italy.
| | - Francesco De Riccardis
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Italy.
| | - Guglielmo Monaco
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Italy.
| | - Irene Izzo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Italy.
| | - Consiglia Tedesco
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Italy.
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12
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Kalita D, Sahariah B, Mookerjee SP, Sarma BK. Strategies to Control the cis-trans Isomerization of Peptoid Amide Bonds. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200149. [PMID: 35362652 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Peptoids are oligomers of N-substituted glycine units. They structurally resemble peptides but, unlike natural peptides, the side chains of peptoids are present on the amide nitrogen atoms instead of the α-carbons. The N-substitution improves cell-permeability of peptoids and enhance their proteolytic stability over natural peptides. Therefore, peptoids are ideal peptidomimetic candidates for drug discovery, especially for intracellular targets. Unfortunately, most peptoid ligands discovered so far possess moderate affinity towards their biological targets. The moderate affinity of peptoids for biomacromolecules is linked to their conformational flexibility, which causes substantial entropic loss during the peptoid-biomacromolecule binding process. The conformational flexibility of peptoids is caused by the lack of backbone chirality, absence of hydrogen bond donors (NH) in their backbone to form CO···HN hydrogen bonds and the facile cis-trans isomerization of their tertiary amide bonds. In recent years, many investigators have shown that the incorporation of specific side chains with unique steric and stereoelectronic features can favourably shift the cis-trans equilibria of peptoids towards one of the two isomeric forms. Such strategies are helpful to design homogenous peptoid oligomers having well defined secondary structures. Herein, we discuss the strategies developed over the years to control the cis-trans isomerization of peptoid amide bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debajit Kalita
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, New Chemistry Unit, INDIA
| | - Biswajit Sahariah
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, New Chemistry Unit, INDIA
| | | | - Bani Kanta Sarma
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, New Chemistry Unit, Rachenahalli Lake Road, Jakkur, 560064, India, 560064, Bangalore, INDIA
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13
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Singh MK, Lakshman MK. Recent developments in the utility of saturated azaheterocycles in peptidomimetics. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:963-979. [PMID: 35018952 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01329g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
To a large extent, the physical and chemical properties of peptidomimetic molecules are dictated by the integrated heterocyclic scaffolds they contain. Heterocyclic moieties are introduced into a majority of peptide-mimicking molecules to modulate conformational flexibility, improve bioavailability, and fine-tune electronics, and in order to achieve potency similar to or better than that of the natural peptide ligand. This mini-review delineates recent developments, limited to the past five years, in the utility of selected saturated 3- to 6-membered heterocyclic moieties in peptidomimetic design. Also discussed is the chemistry involved in the synthesis of the azaheterocyclic scaffolds and the structural implications of the introduction of these azaheterocycles in peptide backbones as well as side chains of the peptide mimics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish K Singh
- Department of Science, Technology, and Mathematics, Lincoln University, 820 Chestnut Street, Jefferson City, Missouri 65101, USA.
| | - Mahesh K Lakshman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10031, USA.,The Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
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14
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Herlan CN, Feser D, Schepers U, Bräse S. Bio-instructive materials on-demand - combinatorial chemistry of peptoids, foldamers, and beyond. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:11131-11152. [PMID: 34611672 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04237h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Combinatorial chemistry allows for the rapid synthesis of large compound libraries for high throughput screenings in biology, medicinal chemistry, or materials science. Especially compounds from a highly modular design are interesting for the proper investigation of structure-to-activity relationships. Permutations of building blocks result in many similar but unique compounds. The influence of certain structural features on the entire structure can then be monitored and serve as a starting point for the rational design of potent molecules for various applications. Peptoids, a highly diverse class of bioinspired oligomers, suit perfectly for combinatorial chemistry. Their straightforward synthesis on a solid support using repetitive reaction steps ensures easy handling and high throughput. Applying this modular approach, peptoids are readily accessible, and their interchangeable side-chains allow for various structures. Thus, peptoids can easily be tuned in their solubility, their spatial structure, and, consequently, their applicability in various fields of research. Since their discovery, peptoids have been applied as antimicrobial agents, artificial membranes, molecular transporters, and much more. Studying their three-dimensional structure, various foldamers with fascinating, unique properties were discovered. This non-comprehensive review will state the most interesting discoveries made over the past years and arouse curiosity about what may come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudine Nicole Herlan
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann von Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - Dominik Feser
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann von Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Ute Schepers
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann von Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz Haber Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann von Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany. .,Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz Haber Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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15
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Fukuda Y, Yokomine M, Kuroda D, Tsumoto K, Morimoto J, Sando S. Peptoid-based reprogrammable template for cell-permeable inhibitors of protein-protein interactions. Chem Sci 2021; 12:13292-13300. [PMID: 34777747 PMCID: PMC8528041 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01560e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of inhibitors of intracellular protein–protein interactions (PPIs) is of great significance for drug discovery, but the generation of a cell-permeable molecule with high affinity to protein is challenging. Oligo(N-substituted glycines) (oligo-NSGs), referred to as peptoids, are attractive as potential intracellular PPI inhibitors owing to their high membrane permeability. However, their intrinsically flexible backbones make the rational design of inhibitors difficult. Here, we propose a peptoid-based rational approach to develop cell-permeable PPI inhibitors using oligo(N-substituted alanines) (oligo-NSAs). The rigid structures of oligo-NSAs enable independent optimization of each N-substituent to improve binding affinity and membrane permeability, while preserving the backbone shape. A molecule with optimized N-substituents inhibited a target PPI in cells, which demonstrated the utility of oligo-NSA as a reprogrammable template to develop intracellular PPI inhibitors. A peptoid-based modular approach using oligo(N-substituted alanine) as a reprogrammable template enables independent optimization of N-substituents and facile development of cell-permeable inhibitors of protein–protein interactions.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Fukuda
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Marin Yokomine
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Daisuke Kuroda
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan .,Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Kouhei Tsumoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan .,Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan.,Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku Tokyo 108-8639 Japan
| | - Jumpei Morimoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Shinsuke Sando
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan .,Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
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16
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Li Z, Cai B, Yang W, Chen CL. Hierarchical Nanomaterials Assembled from Peptoids and Other Sequence-Defined Synthetic Polymers. Chem Rev 2021; 121:14031-14087. [PMID: 34342989 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In nature, the self-assembly of sequence-specific biopolymers into hierarchical structures plays an essential role in the construction of functional biomaterials. To develop synthetic materials that can mimic and surpass the function of these natural counterparts, various sequence-defined bio- and biomimetic polymers have been developed and exploited as building blocks for hierarchical self-assembly. This review summarizes the recent advances in the molecular self-assembly of hierarchical nanomaterials based on peptoids (or poly-N-substituted glycines) and other sequence-defined synthetic polymers. Modern techniques to monitor the assembly mechanisms and characterize the physicochemical properties of these self-assembly systems are highlighted. In addition, discussions about their potential applications in biomedical sciences and renewable energy are also included. This review aims to highlight essential features of sequence-defined synthetic polymers (e.g., high stability and protein-like high-information content) and how these unique features enable the construction of robust biomimetic functional materials with high programmability and predictability, with an emphasis on peptoids and their self-assembled nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Li
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States.,Institute of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Bin Cai
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Wenchao Yang
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States.,School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chun-Long Chen
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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17
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Herlan CN, Sonnefeld A, Gloge T, Brückel J, Schlee LC, Muhle-Goll C, Nieger M, Bräse S. Macrocyclic Tetramers-Structural Investigation of Peptide-Peptoid Hybrids. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154548. [PMID: 34361700 PMCID: PMC8348019 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Outstanding affinity and specificity are the main characteristics of peptides, rendering them interesting compounds for basic and medicinal research. However, their biological applicability is limited due to fast proteolytic degradation. The use of mimetic peptoids overcomes this disadvantage, though they lack stereochemical information at the α-carbon. Hybrids composed of amino acids and peptoid monomers combine the unique properties of both parent classes. Rigidification of the backbone increases the affinity towards various targets. However, only little is known about the spatial structure of such constrained hybrids. The determination of the three-dimensional structure is a key step for the identification of new targets as well as the rational design of bioactive compounds. Herein, we report the synthesis and the structural elucidation of novel tetrameric macrocycles. Measurements were taken in solid and solution states with the help of X-ray scattering and NMR spectroscopy. The investigations made will help to find diverse applications for this new, promising compound class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudine Nicole Herlan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (C.N.H.); (J.B.); (L.C.S.)
| | - Anna Sonnefeld
- Institute for Biological Interfaces 4, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; (A.S.); (T.G.); (C.M.-G.)
| | - Thomas Gloge
- Institute for Biological Interfaces 4, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; (A.S.); (T.G.); (C.M.-G.)
| | - Julian Brückel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (C.N.H.); (J.B.); (L.C.S.)
| | - Luisa Chiara Schlee
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (C.N.H.); (J.B.); (L.C.S.)
| | - Claudia Muhle-Goll
- Institute for Biological Interfaces 4, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; (A.S.); (T.G.); (C.M.-G.)
| | - Martin Nieger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 (A.I. Virtasen aukio 1), FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (C.N.H.); (J.B.); (L.C.S.)
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems—Functional Molecular Systems, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Correspondence:
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18
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Herlan CN, Meschkov A, Schepers U, Bräse S. Cyclic Peptoid-Peptide Hybrids as Versatile Molecular Transporters. Front Chem 2021; 9:696957. [PMID: 34249865 PMCID: PMC8267177 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.696957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Addressing intracellular targets is a challenging task that requires potent molecular transporters capable to deliver various cargos. Herein, we report the synthesis of hydrophobic macrocycles composed of both amino acids and peptoid monomers. The cyclic tetramers and hexamers were assembled in a modular approach using solid as well as solution phase techniques. To monitor their intracellular localization, the macrocycles were attached to the fluorophore Rhodamine B. Most molecular transporters were efficiently internalized by HeLa cells and revealed a specific accumulation in mitochondria without the need for cationic charges. The data will serve as a starting point for the design of further cyclic peptoid-peptide hybrids presenting a new class of highly efficient, versatile molecular transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudine Nicole Herlan
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems- Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anna Meschkov
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), EPICUR European University, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ute Schepers
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems- Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
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19
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Moyá DA, Lee MA, Chanthakhoun JC, LeSueur AK, Joaquin D, Barfuss JD, Castle SL. Towards a streamlined synthesis of peptides containing α,β-dehydroamino acids. Tetrahedron Lett 2021; 74:153175. [PMID: 34176981 PMCID: PMC8224935 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of a strategy to streamline the synthesis of peptides containing α,β-dehydroamino acids (ΔAAs) is reported. The key step involves generating the alkene moiety via elimination of a suitable precursor after it has been inserted into a peptide chain. This process obviates the need to prepare ΔAA-containing azlactone dipeptides to facilitate coupling of these residues. Z-dehydroaminobutyric acid (Z-ΔAbu) could be constructed most efficiently via EDC/CuCl-mediated dehydration of Thr. Formation of Z-ΔPhe by this or other dehydration methods was unsuccessful. Production of the bulky ΔVal residue could be accomplished by DAST-promoted dehydrations of β-OHVal or by DBU-triggered eliminations of sulfonium ions derived from penicillamine derivatives. However, competitive formation of an oxazoline byproduct remains problematic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Moyá
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Michael A Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Joseph C Chanthakhoun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Austin K LeSueur
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Daniel Joaquin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Jaden D Barfuss
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Steven L Castle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
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20
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Hurley MFD, Northrup JD, Ge Y, Schafmeister CE, Voelz VA. Metal Cation-Binding Mechanisms of Q-Proline Peptoid Macrocycles in Solution. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:2818-2828. [PMID: 34125519 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The rational design of foldable and functionalizable peptidomimetic scaffolds requires the concerted application of both computational and experimental methods. Recently, a new class of designed peptoid macrocycle incorporating spiroligomer proline mimics (Q-prolines) has been found to preorganize when bound by monovalent metal cations. To determine the solution-state structure of these cation-bound macrocycles, we employ a Bayesian inference method (BICePs) to reconcile enhanced-sampling molecular simulations with sparse ROESY correlations from experimental NMR studies to predict and design conformational and binding properties of macrocycles as functional scaffolds for peptidomimetics. Conformations predicted to be most populated in solution were then simulated in the presence of explicit cations to yield trajectories with observed binding events, revealing a highly preorganized all-trans amide conformation, whose formation is likely limited by the slow rate of cis/trans isomerization. Interestingly, this conformation differs from a racemic crystal structure solved in the absence of cation. Free energies of cation binding computed from distance-dependent potentials of mean force suggest Na+ has a higher affinity to the macrocycle than K+, with both cations binding much more strongly in acetonitrile than water. The simulated affinities are able to correctly rank the extent to which different macrocycle sequences exhibit preorganization in the presence of different metal cations and solvents, suggesting our approach is suitable for solution-state computational design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew F D Hurley
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Justin D Northrup
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Yunhui Ge
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | | | - Vincent A Voelz
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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21
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D'Amato A, Schettini R, Pierri G, Izzo I, Grisi F, Tedesco C, De Riccardis F, Costabile C. Synthesis and characterization of new Na + complexes of N-benzyl cyclic peptoids and their role in the ring opening polymerization of l-lactide. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj05931e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Na+ complexes of cyclic peptoid were employed for the first time as catalyst for the l-lactide polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assunta D'Amato
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”
- University of Salerno
- Fisciano (SA)
- Italy
| | - Rosaria Schettini
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”
- University of Salerno
- Fisciano (SA)
- Italy
| | - Giovanni Pierri
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”
- University of Salerno
- Fisciano (SA)
- Italy
| | - Irene Izzo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”
- University of Salerno
- Fisciano (SA)
- Italy
| | - Fabia Grisi
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”
- University of Salerno
- Fisciano (SA)
- Italy
| | - Consiglia Tedesco
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”
- University of Salerno
- Fisciano (SA)
- Italy
| | - Francesco De Riccardis
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”
- University of Salerno
- Fisciano (SA)
- Italy
| | - Chiara Costabile
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”
- University of Salerno
- Fisciano (SA)
- Italy
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22
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Herlan CN, Sommer K, Weis P, Nieger M, Bräse S. Structural Diversity of Peptoids: Tube-Like Structures of Macrocycles. Molecules 2020; 26:E150. [PMID: 33396246 PMCID: PMC7795174 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptoids, or poly-N-substituted glycines, are characterised by broad structural diversity. Compared to peptides, they are less restricted in rotation and lack backbone-derived H bonding. Nevertheless, certain side chains force the peptoid backbone into distinct conformations. Designable secondary structures like helices or nanosheets arise from this knowledge. Herein, we report the copper-catalysed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) of macrocycles to form innovative tube-like tricyclic peptoids, giving access to host-guest chemistry or storage applications. Different linker systems make the single tubes tuneable in size and enable modifications within the gap. An azobenzene linker, which is reversibly switchable in conformation, was successfully incorporated and allowed for light-triggered changes of the entire tricyclic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudine Nicole Herlan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (C.N.H.); (K.S.)
| | - Katharina Sommer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (C.N.H.); (K.S.)
| | - Patrick Weis
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstr. 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany;
| | - Martin Nieger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 (A.I. Virtasen aukio 1), FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (C.N.H.); (K.S.)
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems—Functional Molecular Systems, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco De Riccardis
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”; University of Salerno; Via Giovani Paolo II, 132 84084 Fisciano SA Italy
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24
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Pierri G, Schettini R, Nuss J, Dinnebier RE, De Riccardis F, Izzo I, Tedesco C. Cyclic hexapeptoids with N-alkyl side chains: solid-state assembly and thermal behaviour. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce01136c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The solid state assembly of two cyclic hexapeptoids decorated respectively with five and six carbon N-alkyl side chains is analyzed by X-ray diffraction, intermolecular energies and lattice energy calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Pierri
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”
- University of Salerno
- 84084 Fisciano (SA)
- Italy
| | - Rosaria Schettini
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”
- University of Salerno
- 84084 Fisciano (SA)
- Italy
| | - Jürgen Nuss
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research
- Stuttgart
- Germany
| | | | - Francesco De Riccardis
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”
- University of Salerno
- 84084 Fisciano (SA)
- Italy
| | - Irene Izzo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”
- University of Salerno
- 84084 Fisciano (SA)
- Italy
| | - Consiglia Tedesco
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”
- University of Salerno
- 84084 Fisciano (SA)
- Italy
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25
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Joaquin D, Lee MA, Kastner DW, Singh J, Morrill ST, Damstedt G, Castle SL. Impact of Dehydroamino Acids on the Structure and Stability of Incipient 3 10-Helical Peptides. J Org Chem 2019; 85:1601-1613. [PMID: 31730750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A comparative study of the impact of small, medium-sized, and bulky α,β-dehydroamino acids (ΔAAs) on the structure and stability of Balaram's incipient 310-helical peptide (1) is reported. Replacement of the N-terminal Aib residue of 1 with a ΔAA afforded peptides 2a-c that maintained the 310-helical shape of 1. In contrast, installation of a ΔAA in place of Aib-3 yielded peptides 3a-c that preferred a β-sheet-like conformation. The impact of the ΔAA on peptide structure was independent of size, with small (ΔAla), medium-sized (Z-ΔAbu), and bulky (ΔVal) ΔAAs exerting similar effects. The proteolytic stabilities of 1 and its analogs were determined by incubation with Pronase. Z-ΔAbu and ΔVal increased the resistance of peptides to proteolysis when incorporated at the 3-position and had negligible impact on stability when placed at the 1-position, whereas ΔAla-containing peptides degraded rapidly regardless of position. Exposure of peptides 2a-c and 3a-c to the reactive thiol cysteamine revealed that ΔAla-containing peptides underwent conjugate addition at room temperature, while Z-ΔAbu- and ΔVal-containing peptides were inert even at elevated temperatures. These results suggest that both bulky and more accessible medium-sized ΔAAs should be valuable tools for bestowing rigidity and proteolytic stability on bioactive peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Joaquin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Brigham Young University , Provo , Utah 84602 , United States
| | - Michael A Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Brigham Young University , Provo , Utah 84602 , United States
| | - David W Kastner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Brigham Young University , Provo , Utah 84602 , United States
| | - Jatinder Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Brigham Young University , Provo , Utah 84602 , United States
| | - Shardon T Morrill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Brigham Young University , Provo , Utah 84602 , United States
| | - Gracie Damstedt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Brigham Young University , Provo , Utah 84602 , United States
| | - Steven L Castle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Brigham Young University , Provo , Utah 84602 , United States
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26
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D'Amato A, Pierri G, Tedesco C, Della Sala G, Izzo I, Costabile C, De Riccardis F. Reverse Turn and Loop Secondary Structures in Stereodefined Cyclic Peptoid Scaffolds. J Org Chem 2019; 84:10911-10928. [PMID: 31339718 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Controlling the network of intramolecular interactions encoded by Nα-chiral side chains and the equilibria between cis- and trans-amide junctions in cyclic peptoid architectures constitutes a significant challenge for the construction of stable reverse turn and loop structures. In this contribution, we reveal, with the support of NMR spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray crystallography and density functional theory calculations, the relevant noncovalent interactions stabilizing tri-, tetra-, hexa-, and octameric cyclic peptoids (as free hosts and host-guest complexes) with strategically positioned N-(S)-(1-phenylethyl)/N-benzyl side chains, and how these interactions influence the backbone topological order. With the help of theoretical models and spectroscopic/diffractometric studies, we disclose new γ-/β-turn and loop structures present in α-peptoid-based macrocycles and classify them according ϕ, ψ, and ω torsion angles. In our endeavor to characterize emergent secondary structures, we solved the solid-state structure of the largest metallated cyclic peptoid ever reported, characterized by an unprecedented alternated cis/trans amide bond linkage. Overall, our results indicate that molecules endowed with different elements of asymmetry (central and conformational) provide new architectural elements of facile atroposelective construction and broad conformational stability as the minimalist scaffold for novel stereodefined peptidomimetic foldamers and topologically biased libraries necessary for future application of peptoids in all fields of science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assunta D'Amato
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli" , University of Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 , Fisciano , Salerno 84084 Italy
| | - Giovanni Pierri
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli" , University of Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 , Fisciano , Salerno 84084 Italy
| | - Consiglia Tedesco
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli" , University of Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 , Fisciano , Salerno 84084 Italy
| | - Giorgio Della Sala
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli" , University of Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 , Fisciano , Salerno 84084 Italy
| | - Irene Izzo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli" , University of Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 , Fisciano , Salerno 84084 Italy
| | - Chiara Costabile
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli" , University of Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 , Fisciano , Salerno 84084 Italy
| | - Francesco De Riccardis
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli" , University of Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 , Fisciano , Salerno 84084 Italy
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27
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Andreev K, Martynowycz MW, Gidalevitz D. Peptoid drug discovery and optimization via surface X-ray scattering. Biopolymers 2019; 110:e23274. [PMID: 30892696 PMCID: PMC6661014 DOI: 10.1002/bip.23274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic polymers mimicking antimicrobial peptides have drawn considerable interest as potential therapeutics. N-substituted glycines, or peptoids, are recognized by their in vivo stability and ease of synthesis. Peptoids are thought to act primarily on the negatively charged lipids that are abundant in bacterial cell membranes. A mechanistic understanding of lipid-peptoid interaction at the molecular level will provide insights for rational design and optimization of peptoids. Here, we highlight recent studies that utilize synchrotron liquid surface X-ray scattering to characterize the underlying peptoid interactions with bacterial and eukaryotic membranes. Cellular membranes are highly complex, and difficult to characterize at the molecular level. Model systems including Langmuir monolayers, are used in these studies to reduce system complexity. The general workflow of these systems and the corresponding data analysis techniques are presented alongside recent findings. These studies investigate the role of peptoid physicochemical characteristics on membrane activity. Specifically, the roles of cationic charge, conformational constraint via macrocyclization, and hydrophobicity are shown to correlate their membrane interactions to biological activities in vitro. These structure-activity relationships have led to new insights into the mechanism of action by peptoid antimicrobials, and suggest optimization strategies for future therapeutics based on peptoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Andreev
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | | | - David Gidalevitz
- Center for the Molecular Study of Condensed Soft Matter and Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois
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28
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Zeng G, Qiu L, Wen T. Recent advances in crystallization and self‐assembly of polypeptoid polymers. POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pcr2.10065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangjian Zeng
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and TechnologySouth China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Lu Qiu
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and TechnologySouth China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Tao Wen
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and TechnologySouth China University of Technology Guangzhou China
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29
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Zhao XZ, Tsuji K, Hymel D, Burke TR. Development of Highly Selective 1,2,3-Triazole-containing Peptidic Polo-like Kinase 1 Polo-box Domain-binding Inhibitors. Molecules 2019; 24:E1488. [PMID: 31014020 PMCID: PMC6515314 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the polo-like kinase (Plk) family of serine/threonine protein kinases play crucial roles in cell cycle regulation and proliferation. Of the five Plks (Plk1-5), Plk1 is recognized as an anticancer drug target. Plk1 contains multiple structural components that are important for its proper biological function. These include an N-terminal catalytic domain and a C-terminal non-catalytic polo-box domain (PBD). The PBD binds to phosphothreonine (pT) and phosphoserine-containing sequences. Blocking PBD-dependent interactions offers a potential means of down-regulating Plk1 function that is distinct from targeting its ATP-binding site. Previously, we demonstrated by tethering alkylphenyl chains from the N(π)-position of the His residue in the 5-mer PLHSpT, that we were able to access a hydrophobic "cryptic" binding pocket on the surface of the PBD, and in so doing enhance binding affinities by approximately 1000-fold. More recently, we optimized these PBD-ligand interactions using an oxime ligation-based strategy. Herein, using azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions, we explore new triazole-containing PBD-binding antagonists. Some of these ligands retain the high PBD-binding affinity of the parent peptide, while showing desirable enhanced selectivity for the PBD of Plk1 relative to the PBDs of Plk2 and Plk3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhi Zhao
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Kohei Tsuji
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - David Hymel
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Terrence R Burke
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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31
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Schettini R, Costabile C, Della Sala G, Iuliano V, Tedesco C, Izzo I, De Riccardis F. Cation-Induced Molecular Switching Based on Reversible Modulation of Peptoid Conformational States. J Org Chem 2018; 83:12648-12663. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Schettini
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, Salerno 84084, Italy
| | - Chiara Costabile
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, Salerno 84084, Italy
| | - Giorgio Della Sala
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, Salerno 84084, Italy
| | - Veronica Iuliano
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, Salerno 84084, Italy
| | - Consiglia Tedesco
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, Salerno 84084, Italy
| | - Irene Izzo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, Salerno 84084, Italy
| | - Francesco De Riccardis
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, Salerno 84084, Italy
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32
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Jiang T, Renfrew PD, Drew K, Youngs N, Butterfoss GL, Bonneau R, Shasha DN. An adaptive geometric search algorithm for macromolecular scaffold selection. Protein Eng Des Sel 2018; 31:345-354. [PMID: 30407584 PMCID: PMC6373690 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzy028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide variety of protein and peptidomimetic design tasks require matching functional 3D motifs to potential oligomeric scaffolds. For example, during enzyme design, one aims to graft active-site patterns-typically consisting of 3-15 residues-onto new protein surfaces. Identifying protein scaffolds suitable for such active-site engraftment requires costly searches for protein folds that provide the correct side chain positioning to host the desired active site. Other examples of biodesign tasks that require similar fast exact geometric searches of potential side chain positioning include mimicking binding hotspots, design of metal binding clusters and the design of modular hydrogen binding networks for specificity. In these applications, the speed and scaling of geometric searches limits the scope of downstream design to small patterns. Here, we present an adaptive algorithm capable of searching for side chain take-off angles, which is compatible with an arbitrarily specified functional pattern and which enjoys substantive performance improvements over previous methods. We demonstrate this method in both genetically encoded (protein) and synthetic (peptidomimetic) design scenarios. Examples of using this method with the Rosetta framework for protein design are provided. Our implementation is compatible with multiple protein design frameworks and is freely available as a set of python scripts (https://github.com/JiangTian/adaptive-geometric-search-for-protein-design).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Jiang
- Computer ScienceDepartment, Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - P Douglas Renfrew
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, Simons Foundation, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kevin Drew
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Noah Youngs
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Glenn L Butterfoss
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Richard Bonneau
- Computer ScienceDepartment, Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, Simons Foundation, New York, NY, USA
| | - Den Nis Shasha
- Computer ScienceDepartment, Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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33
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D'Amato A, Della Sala G, Izzo I, Costabile C, Masuda Y, De Riccardis F. Cyclic Octamer Peptoids: Simplified Isosters of Bioactive Fungal Cyclodepsipeptides. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071779. [PMID: 30029532 PMCID: PMC6100324 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic peptoids have recently emerged as an important class of bioactive scaffolds with unique conformational properties and excellent metabolic stabilities. In this paper, we describe the design and synthesis of novel cyclic octamer peptoids as simplified isosters of mycotoxin depsipeptides bassianolide, verticilide A1, PF1022A and PF1022B. We also examine their complexing abilities in the presence of sodium tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate (TFPB) salt and explore their general insecticidal activity. Finally, we discuss the possible relationship between structural features of free and Na⁺-complexed cyclic octamer peptoids and bioactivities in light of conformational isomerism, a crucial factor affecting cyclic peptoids' biomimetic potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assunta D'Amato
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Della Sala
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy.
| | - Irene Izzo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy.
| | - Chiara Costabile
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy.
| | - Yuichi Masuda
- Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu 514-8507, Japan.
| | - Francesco De Riccardis
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy.
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Abstract
Over the past two decades, developing medical applications for peptides has, and continues to be a highly active area of research. At present there are over 60 peptide-based drugs on the market and more than 140 in various stages of clinical trials. The interest in peptide-based therapeutics arises from their biocompatibility and their ability to form defined secondary and tertiary structures, resulting in a high selectivity for complex targets. However, there are significant challenges associated with the development of peptide-based therapeutics, namely peptides are readily metabolised in vivo. Peptoids are an emerging class of peptidomimetic and they offer an alternative to peptides. Peptoids are comprised of N-substituted glycines where side-chains are located on the nitrogen atom of the amide backbone rather than the α-carbon as is the case in peptides. This change in structure confers a high degree of resistance to proteolytic degradation but the absence of any backbone hydrogen bonding means that peptoids exhibit a high degree of conformational flexibility. Cyclisation has been explored as one possible route to rigidify peptoid structures, making them more selective, and, therefore more desirable as potential therapeutics. This review outlines the various strategies that have been developed over the last decade to access new types of macrocyclic peptoids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven L. Cobb
- Department of ChemistryDurham UniversitySouth RoadDurhamDH1 3LEUK
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Andreev K, Martynowycz MW, Huang ML, Kuzmenko I, Bu W, Kirshenbaum K, Gidalevitz D. Hydrophobic interactions modulate antimicrobial peptoid selectivity towards anionic lipid membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2018; 1860:1414-1423. [PMID: 29621496 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydrophobic interactions govern specificity for natural antimicrobial peptides. No such relationship has been established for synthetic peptoids that mimic antimicrobial peptides. Peptoid macrocycles synthesized with five different aromatic groups are investigated by minimum inhibitory and hemolytic concentration assays, epifluorescence microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray reflectivity. Peptoid hydrophobicity is determined using high performance liquid chromatography. Disruption of bacterial but not eukaryotic lipid membranes is demonstrated on the solid supported lipid bilayers and Langmuir monolayers. X-ray reflectivity studies demonstrate that intercalation of peptoids with zwitterionic or negatively charged lipid membranes is found to be regulated by hydrophobicity. Critical levels of peptoid selectivity are demonstrated and found to be modulated by their hydrophobic groups. It is suggested that peptoids may follow different optimization schemes as compared to their natural analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Andreev
- Department of Physics, Center for Molecular Study of Condensed Soft Matter (μCoSM), Pritzker Institute of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3440 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, IL 60616, United States
| | - Michael W Martynowycz
- Department of Physics, Center for Molecular Study of Condensed Soft Matter (μCoSM), Pritzker Institute of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3440 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, IL 60616, United States; Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, United States
| | - Mia L Huang
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, United States
| | - Ivan Kuzmenko
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, United States
| | - Wei Bu
- The Center for Advanced Radiation Sources (CARS), University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
| | - Kent Kirshenbaum
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, United States
| | - David Gidalevitz
- Department of Physics, Center for Molecular Study of Condensed Soft Matter (μCoSM), Pritzker Institute of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3440 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, IL 60616, United States.
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Tao Y, Wang S, Zhang X, Wang Z, Tao Y, Wang X. Synthesis and Properties of Alternating Polypeptoids and Polyampholytes as Protein-Resistant Polymers. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:936-942. [PMID: 29438615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Alternating polypeptoids are particularly appealing because alternating sequence may impart highly ordered structure and special functions, while their simple synthesis still remains a key challenge. We describe that natural amino acid monomers can be polymerized via Ugi reaction in a step-growth fashion as an AA' BB' system, which leads to alternating polypeptoids with molecular weight up to 15 kg/mol. These alternating polypeptoids are thermally responsive and exhibit cloud points ( Tcp) between 27 and 37 °C. Importantly, the marriage of high functionality of amino acids with Ugi reaction also enables the preparation of polypeptoids encoding both protected amino and carboxyl groups in the side chains with alternating arrangement. The cleavage of the protecting groups leads to alternating polyampholytes without any compositional drift. Such alternating polyampholytes not only exhibit high water solubility (>100 mg/mL) but also demonstrate the ability to resist aggregation with proteins. Moreover, the cell viability measurements reveal that these materials have minimal cytotoxicity to HeLa cells. Overall, this study offers us a simple way to prepare a variety of polypeptoids and polyampholytes as new protein-resistant materials for bioapplications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Tao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials and ⊥Laboratory of Polymer Composites Engineering , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 5625 Renmin Street , Changchun 130022 , P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , P. R. China
| | - Shixue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials and ⊥Laboratory of Polymer Composites Engineering , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 5625 Renmin Street , Changchun 130022 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Hebei University of Technology , Tianjin 300130 , P. R. China
| | | | - Youhua Tao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials and ⊥Laboratory of Polymer Composites Engineering , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 5625 Renmin Street , Changchun 130022 , P. R. China
| | - Xianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials and ⊥Laboratory of Polymer Composites Engineering , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 5625 Renmin Street , Changchun 130022 , P. R. China
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D'Amato A, Pierri G, Costabile C, Della Sala G, Tedesco C, Izzo I, De Riccardis F. Cyclic Peptoids as Topological Templates: Synthesis via Central to Conformational Chirality Induction. Org Lett 2018; 20:640-643. [PMID: 29341622 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Chiral induction was utilized for the synthesis of diastereopure cyclic peptoids containing an N-benzyl alanine residue. Molecular modeling, NMR spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies, and HPLC with chiral stationary phase demonstrated easy formation of free and sodium/benzylammonium complexed cyclic oligomers through strategic incorporation of a single stereogenic center in the oligomeric backbone. The synthesis of cyclic peptoids with defined conformational chirality and appropriate side chain topology is now possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assunta D'Amato
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano (SA), 84084, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pierri
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano (SA), 84084, Italy
| | - Chiara Costabile
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano (SA), 84084, Italy
| | - Giorgio Della Sala
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano (SA), 84084, Italy
| | - Consiglia Tedesco
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano (SA), 84084, Italy
| | - Irene Izzo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano (SA), 84084, Italy
| | - Francesco De Riccardis
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano (SA), 84084, Italy
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38
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Schettini R, Costabile C, Della Sala G, Buirey J, Tosolini M, Tecilla P, Vaccaro MC, Bruno I, De Riccardis F, Izzo I. Tuning the biomimetic performances of 4-hydroxyproline-containing cyclic peptoids. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:6708-6717. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01522h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Five new cyclic peptoids containing (2S,4R)-4-hydroxyproline (Hyp) residues have been designed and synthesized using a mixed “submonomer/monomer” approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Schettini
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”
- University of Salerno
- Fisciano (SA) 84084
- Italy
| | - C. Costabile
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”
- University of Salerno
- Fisciano (SA) 84084
- Italy
| | - G. Della Sala
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”
- University of Salerno
- Fisciano (SA) 84084
- Italy
| | - J. Buirey
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”
- University of Salerno
- Fisciano (SA) 84084
- Italy
| | - M. Tosolini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Trieste
- Trieste 34127
- Italy
| | - P. Tecilla
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Trieste
- Trieste 34127
- Italy
| | - M. C. Vaccaro
- Department of Pharmacy
- University of Salerno
- Fisciano (SA) 84084
- Italy
| | - I. Bruno
- Department of Pharmacy
- University of Salerno
- Fisciano (SA) 84084
- Italy
| | - F. De Riccardis
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”
- University of Salerno
- Fisciano (SA) 84084
- Italy
| | - I. Izzo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”
- University of Salerno
- Fisciano (SA) 84084
- Italy
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39
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Hayakawa M, Ohsawa A, Takeda K, Torii R, Kitamura Y, Katagiri H, Ikeda M. Cyclic arylopeptoid oligomers: synthesis and conformational propensities of peptide-mimetic aromatic macrocycles. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:8505-8512. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01962b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic macrocyclic peptide-mimetic molecule bearing sequence-controlled side chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahide Hayakawa
- Department of Life Science and Chemistry
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
- Gifu University
- Gifu 501-1193
- Japan
| | - Ayaka Ohsawa
- Department of Life Science and Chemistry
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
- Gifu University
- Gifu 501-1193
- Japan
| | - Kumi Takeda
- Department of Life Science and Chemistry
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
- Gifu University
- Gifu 501-1193
- Japan
| | - Ryo Torii
- Department of Life Science and Chemistry
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
- Gifu University
- Gifu 501-1193
- Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kitamura
- Department of Life Science and Chemistry
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
- Gifu University
- Gifu 501-1193
- Japan
| | - Hiroshi Katagiri
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering
- Yamagata University
- Yamagata 992-8510
- Japan
| | - Masato Ikeda
- Department of Life Science and Chemistry
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
- Gifu University
- Gifu 501-1193
- Japan
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D'Amato A, Volpe R, Vaccaro MC, Terracciano S, Bruno I, Tosolini M, Tedesco C, Pierri G, Tecilla P, Costabile C, Della Sala G, Izzo I, De Riccardis F. Cyclic Peptoids as Mycotoxin Mimics: An Exploration of Their Structural and Biological Properties. J Org Chem 2017; 82:8848-8863. [PMID: 28763612 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic peptoids have recently emerged as important examples of peptidomimetics for their interesting complexing properties and innate ability to permeate biological barriers. In the present contribution, experimental and theoretical data evidence the intricate conformational and stereochemical properties of five novel hexameric peptoids decorated with N-isopropyl, N-isobutyl, and N-benzyl substituents. Complexation studies by NMR, in the presence of sodium tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate (NaTFPB), theoretical calculations, and single-crystal X-ray analyses indicate that the conformationally stable host/guest metal adducts display architectural ordering comparable to that of the enniatins and beauvericin mycotoxins. Similarly to the natural depsipeptides, the synthetic oligolactam analogues show a correlation between ion transport abilities in artificial liposomes and cytotoxic activity on human cancer cell lines. The reported results demonstrate that the versatile cyclic peptoid scaffold, for its remarkable conformational and complexing properties, can morphologically mimic related natural products and elicit powerful biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Massimo Tosolini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste , Via Giorgieri, 1, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | | | | | - Paolo Tecilla
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste , Via Giorgieri, 1, Trieste 34127, Italy
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41
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Tedesco C, Macedi E, Meli A, Pierri G, Della Sala G, Drathen C, Fitch AN, Vaughan GBM, Izzo I, De Riccardis F. Synthesis, crystallization, X-ray structural characterization and solid-state assembly of a cyclic hexapeptoid with propargyl and methoxyethyl side chains. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B-STRUCTURAL SCIENCE CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2017; 73:399-412. [DOI: 10.1107/s2052520617002505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and the structural characterization of a cyclic hexapeptoid with four methoxyethyl and two propargyl side chains have disclosed the presence of a hydrate crystal form [form (I)] and an anhydrous crystal form [form (II)]. The relative amounts of form (I) and form (II) in the as-purified product were determined by Rietveld refinement and depend on the purification procedures. In crystal form (I), peptoid molecules assemble in a columnar arrangement by means of side-chain-to-backbone C=CH...OC hydrogen bonds. In the anhydrous crystal form (II), cyclopeptoid molecules form ribbons by means of backbone-to-backbone CH2...OC hydrogen bonds, thus mimicking β-sheet secondary structures in proteins. In both crystal forms side chains act as joints among the columns or the ribbons and contribute to the stability of the whole solid-state assembly. Water molecules in the hydrate crystal form (I) bridge columns of cyclic peptoid molecules, providing a more efficient packing.
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42
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43
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D'Amato A, Schettini R, Della Sala G, Costabile C, Tedesco C, Izzo I, De Riccardis F. Conformational isomerism in cyclic peptoids and its specification. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:9932-9942. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02643a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Conformational chirality is an emerging and neglected property of rigid cyclic peptoids determining structural, catalytic, and biological properties. The present contribution analyzes its impact and sets the configurational rules to define it.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. D'Amato
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”
- University of Salerno
- Fisciano
- Italy
| | - R. Schettini
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”
- University of Salerno
- Fisciano
- Italy
| | - G. Della Sala
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”
- University of Salerno
- Fisciano
- Italy
| | - C. Costabile
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”
- University of Salerno
- Fisciano
- Italy
| | - C. Tedesco
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”
- University of Salerno
- Fisciano
- Italy
| | - I. Izzo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”
- University of Salerno
- Fisciano
- Italy
| | - F. De Riccardis
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”
- University of Salerno
- Fisciano
- Italy
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44
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Macedi E, Meli A, De Riccardis F, Rossi P, Smith VJ, Barbour LJ, Izzo I, Tedesco C. Molecular recognition and solvatomorphism of a cyclic peptoid: formation of a stable 1D porous framework. CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce01077j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Molecular aggregation and the hydrophobic effect explain the solvatomorphism and sorption behavior of a cyclic hexapeptoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Macedi
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”
- University of Salerno
- 84084 Fisciano (SA)
- Italy
| | - Alessandra Meli
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”
- University of Salerno
- 84084 Fisciano (SA)
- Italy
| | - Francesco De Riccardis
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”
- University of Salerno
- 84084 Fisciano (SA)
- Italy
| | - Patrizia Rossi
- Department of Industrial Engineering
- University of Florence
- I-50139 Florence
- Italy
| | - Vincent J. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science
- University of Stellenbosch
- Stellenbosch
- South Africa
| | - Leonard J. Barbour
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science
- University of Stellenbosch
- Stellenbosch
- South Africa
| | - Irene Izzo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”
- University of Salerno
- 84084 Fisciano (SA)
- Italy
| | - Consiglia Tedesco
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”
- University of Salerno
- 84084 Fisciano (SA)
- Italy
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45
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Andreev K, Martynowycz MW, Ivankin A, Huang ML, Kuzmenko I, Meron M, Lin B, Kirshenbaum K, Gidalevitz D. Cyclization Improves Membrane Permeation by Antimicrobial Peptoids. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:12905-12913. [PMID: 27793068 PMCID: PMC9647730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The peptidomimetic approach has emerged as a powerful tool for overcoming the inherent limitations of natural antimicrobial peptides, where the therapeutic potential can be improved by increasing the selectivity and bioavailability. Restraining the conformational flexibility of a molecule may reduce the entropy loss upon its binding to the membrane. Experimental findings demonstrate that the cyclization of linear antimicrobial peptoids increases their bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus while maintaining high hemolytic concentrations. Surface X-ray scattering shows that macrocyclic peptoids intercalate into Langmuir monolayers of anionic lipids with greater efficacy than for their linear analogues. It is suggested that cyclization may increase peptoid activity by allowing the macrocycle to better penetrate the bacterial cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Andreev
- Department of Physics, Center for Molecular Study of Condensed Soft Matter (μCoSM), Pritzker Institute of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3440 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Michael W. Martynowycz
- Department of Physics, Center for Molecular Study of Condensed Soft Matter (μCoSM), Pritzker Institute of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3440 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Andrey Ivankin
- Department of Physics, Center for Molecular Study of Condensed Soft Matter (μCoSM), Pritzker Institute of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3440 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Mia L. Huang
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Ivan Kuzmenko
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Mati Meron
- The Center for Advanced Radiation Sources (CARS), University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Binhua Lin
- The Center for Advanced Radiation Sources (CARS), University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Kent Kirshenbaum
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - David Gidalevitz
- Department of Physics, Center for Molecular Study of Condensed Soft Matter (μCoSM), Pritzker Institute of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3440 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
- Corresponding Author: Fax: (+1) 312-567-8856.
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46
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Robertson EJ, Nehls EM, Zuckermann RN. Structure-Rheology Relationship in Nanosheet-Forming Peptoid Monolayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:12146-12158. [PMID: 27794613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Peptoid nanosheets are novel protein-mimetic materials that form from the supramolecular assembly of sequence-defined peptoid polymers. The component polymer chains organize themselves via a unique mechanism at the air-water interface, in which the collapse of a compressed peptoid monolayer results in free-floating, bilayer nanosheets. To impart functionality into these bilayer materials, structural engineering of the nanosheet-forming peptoid strand is necessary. We previously synthesized a series of peptoid analogues with modifications to the hydrophobic core in order to probe the nanosheet tolerance to different packing interactions. Although many substitutions were well-tolerated, routine surface pressure measurements and monolayer collapse isotherms were insufficient to explain which molecular processes contributed to the ability or inability of these peptoid analogues to form nanosheets. Here, we show that surface dilational rheology measurements of assembled peptoid monolayers at the air-water interface provide great insight into their nanosheet-forming ability. We find that a key property required for nanosheet formation is the ability to assemble into a solidlike monolayer in which the residence time of the peptoid within the monolayer is very long and does not exchange rapidly with the subphase. These collapse-competent monolayers typically have a characteristic time of diffusion-exchange values, τD, of >5000 s. Thus, rheological measurements provide an efficient method for assessing the nanosheet-forming ability of peptoid analogues. Results from these studies can be used to guide the rational design of peptoids for assembly into functional nanosheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen J Robertson
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Eric Michael Nehls
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ronald N Zuckermann
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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47
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Robertson EJ, Proulx C, Su JK, Garcia RL, Yoo S, Nehls EM, Connolly MD, Taravati L, Zuckermann RN. Molecular Engineering of the Peptoid Nanosheet Hydrophobic Core. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:11946-11957. [PMID: 27794618 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between the structure of sequence-defined peptoid polymers and their ability to assemble into well-defined nanostructures is important to the creation of new bioinspired platforms with sophisticated functionality. Here, the hydrophobic N-(2-phenylethyl)glycine (Npe) monomers of the standard nanosheet-forming peptoid sequence were modified in an effort to (1) produce nanosheets from relatively short peptoids, (2) inhibit the aggregation of peptoids in bulk solution, (3) increase nanosheet stability by promoting packing interactions within the hydrophobic core, and (4) produce nanosheets with a nonaromatic hydrophobic core. Fluorescence and optical microscopy of individual nanosheets reveal that certain modifications to the hydrophobic core were well tolerated, whereas others resulted in instability or aggregation or prevented assembly. Importantly, we demonstrate that substitution at the meta and para positions of the Npe aromatic ring are well tolerated, enabling significant opportunities to tune the functional properties of peptoid nanosheets. We also found that N-aryl glycine monomers inhibit nanosheet formation, whereas branched aliphatic monomers have the ability to form nanosheets. An analysis of the crystal structures of several N,N'-disubstituted diketopiperazines (DKPs), a simple model system, revealed that the preferred solid-state packing arrangement of the hydrophobic groups can directly inform the assembly of stable peptoid nanosheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen J Robertson
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Caroline Proulx
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jessica K Su
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Rita L Garcia
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Stan Yoo
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Eric M Nehls
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Michael D Connolly
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Laudann Taravati
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ronald N Zuckermann
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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48
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Porel M, Thornlow DN, Phan NN, Alabi CA. Sequence-defined bioactive macrocycles via an acid-catalysed cascade reaction. Nat Chem 2016; 8:590-6. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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49
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Robertson EJ, Battigelli A, Proulx C, Mannige RV, Haxton TK, Yun L, Whitelam S, Zuckermann RN. Design, Synthesis, Assembly, and Engineering of Peptoid Nanosheets. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:379-89. [PMID: 26741294 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) atomically defined organic nanomaterials are an important material class with broad applications. However, few general synthetic methods exist to produce such materials in high yields and to precisely functionalize them. One strategy to form ordered 2D organic nanomaterials is through the supramolecular assembly of sequence-defined synthetic polymers. Peptoids, one such class of polymer, are designable bioinspired heteropolymers whose main-chain length and monomer sequence can be precisely controlled. We have recently discovered that individual peptoid polymers with a simple sequence of alternating hydrophobic and ionic monomers can self-assemble into highly ordered, free-floating nanosheets. A detailed understanding of their molecular structure and supramolecular assembly dynamics provides a robust platform for the discovery of new classes of nanosheets with tunable properties and novel applications. In this Account, we discuss the discovery, characterization, assembly, molecular modeling, and functionalization of peptoid nanosheets. The fundamental properties of peptoid nanosheets, their mechanism of formation, and their application as robust scaffolds for molecular recognition and as templates for the growth of inorganic minerals have been probed by an arsenal of experimental characterization techniques (e.g., scanning probe, electron, and optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, surface-selective vibrational spectroscopy, and surface tensiometry) and computational techniques (coarse-grained and atomistic modeling). Peptoid nanosheets are supramolecular assemblies of 16-42-mer chains that form molecular bilayers. They span tens of microns in lateral dimensions and freely float in water. Their component chains are highly ordered, with chains nearly fully extended and packed parallel to one another as a result of hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. Nanosheets form via a novel interface-catalyzed monolayer collapse mechanism. Peptoid chains first assemble into a monolayer at either an air-water or oil-water interface, on which peptoid chains extend, order, and pack into a brick-like pattern. Upon mechanical compression of the interface, the monolayer buckles into stable bilayer structures. Recent work has focused on the design of nanosheets with tunable properties and functionality. They are readily engineerable, as functional monomers can be readily incorporated onto the nanosheet surface or into the interior. For example, functional hydrophilic "loops" have been displayed on the surfaces of nanosheets. These loops can interact with specific protein targets, serving as a potentially general platform for molecular recognition. Nanosheets can also bind metal ions and serve as 2D templates for mineral growth. Through our understanding of the formation mechanism, along with predicted features ascertained from molecular modeling, we aim to further design and synthesize nanosheets as robust protein mimetics with the potential for unprecedented functionality and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen J. Robertson
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Alessia Battigelli
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Caroline Proulx
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ranjan V. Mannige
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Thomas K. Haxton
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Lisa Yun
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Stephen Whitelam
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ronald N. Zuckermann
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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50
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Meli A, Macedi E, De Riccardis F, Smith VJ, Barbour LJ, Izzo I, Tedesco C. Solid‐State Conformational Flexibility at Work: Zipping and Unzipping within a Cyclic Peptoid Single Crystal. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201511053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Meli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli” Università degli Studi di Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 84084 Fisciano (SA) Italy
| | - Eleonora Macedi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli” Università degli Studi di Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 84084 Fisciano (SA) Italy
| | - Francesco De Riccardis
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli” Università degli Studi di Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 84084 Fisciano (SA) Italy
| | - Vincent J. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science University of Stellenbosch Private Bag X1 7602 Matieland, Stellenbosch South Africa
| | - Leonard J. Barbour
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science University of Stellenbosch Private Bag X1 7602 Matieland, Stellenbosch South Africa
| | - Irene Izzo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli” Università degli Studi di Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 84084 Fisciano (SA) Italy
| | - Consiglia Tedesco
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli” Università degli Studi di Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 84084 Fisciano (SA) Italy
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