1
|
Jia XD, Du ZW. Breaking the Hoff/Le Bel rule by an electron-compensation strategy: the global energy minimum of NGa 4S 4. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:3907-3911. [PMID: 38230710 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05290g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
In tetracoordinate chemistry, there is an attractive scientific problem of how to make the planar configuration more stable than the tetrahedral configuration. For tetracoordinate nitrogen, the abundant studies indicate that the planar tetracoordinate nitrogen (ptN) is far less stable than the tetrahedral tetracoordinate nitrogen (ttN). Herein, we introduced four S atoms to the unstable ptN-NGa4+ and stable ttN-NGa4+ by following an electron-compensation strategy. Surprisingly, ptN-NGa4S4+ is more stable than ttN-NGa4S4+. Thermodynamically, ptN-NGa4S4+ is the global energy minimum, which is 46.7 kcal mol-1 lower in energy than ttN-NGa4S4+. Dynamically, the BOMD simulations indicated that ptN-NGa4S4+ has excellent dynamic stability at 4, 298, 500 and 1000 K, but the ttN-NGa4S4+ is isomerized at 1000 K. Electronically, the HOMO-LUMO gap of ptN-NGa4S4+ (6.91 eV) is much wider than that of ttN-NGa4S4+ (5.25 eV). Moreover, AdNDP analyses showed that the eight 2c-2e Ga-S σ-bonds eliminated the 4s2 lone pair/4s2 lone pair repulsion between the four Ga atoms and provided a strong spatial protection for ptN-NGa4S4+; and that the four 3c-2e Ga-S-Ga π back-bonds could compensate electrons for Ga, weakening the electron-deficiency of Ga. Simultaneously, the double 6σ/2π aromaticity further enhanced the stability of ptN-NGa4S4+. Thus, as the dynamically stable global energy minimum displaying double aromaticity, ptN-NGa4S4+ will be more promising than ttN-NGa4S4+ in gas phase generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Dong Jia
- Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhi-Wei Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Malhan AH, Thirumoorthy K. Global minimum and a heap of low-lying isomers with planar tetracoordinate carbon in the CAl 3MgH 2- system. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:3804-3809. [PMID: 38240304 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05841g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
A global minimum and a heap of low-lying isomers with planar tetracoordinate carbon (ptC) are identified in the CAl3MgH2- system by computational quantum chemical investigations. The nature of the chemical bonding in the global minimum ptC isomer is examined using the conceptual quantum chemical tools. The atoms in molecule (AIM) analysis reveals that the global minimum isomer possesses a ptC geometry. Additionally, the adaptive natural density partitioning (AdNDP), electron localization function (ELF), and nucleus-independent chemical shifts (NICS) analysis corroborate the presence of delocalization in the ptC isomer. The delocalization of electron density in the global minimum ptC isomer contributes to attaining structural stability. The results also suggest that the bridging hydrogen plays a crucial role in stabilizing the ptC system. Furthermore, the ab initio molecular dynamics study supports the structural stability of the ptC isomer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Hamid Malhan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Krishnan Thirumoorthy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang CJ, Ortíz-Chi F, Xu XL, Xu HG, Merino G, Zheng WJ. Reconsidering the Structures of C 2 Al 4 - and C 2 Al 5. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301338. [PMID: 37498677 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The study of C2 Al4 -/0 and C2 Al5 -/0 was conducted using anion photoelectron spectroscopy and quantum chemical computations. The present findings reveal that C2 Al4 - has a boat-like structure, with a single C2 unit surrounded by four aluminum atoms. In contrast, the neutral C2 Al4 species adopts a D2h planar structure with two planar tetracoordinate carbon (ptC) units, consistent with previous reports. Furthermore, the global minimum isomer of C2 Al5 - adopts a D3h symmetry, where the C2 unit interacts with five aluminum atoms. It was also found that a lower symmetry structure of C2 Al5 - , where all five aluminum atoms are located on the same side of the C2 unit, albeit slightly higher in energy compared to the D3h structure. These computations show that the D3h structure of C2 Al5 - is highly stable, exhibiting a large HOMO-LUMO gap.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Jiang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Filiberto Ortíz-Chi
- Conahcyt-División Académica de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Cunduacán, 86690, Tabasco, México
| | - Xi-Ling Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hong-Guang Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Gabriel Merino
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Unidad Mérida, km 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex, 97310, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Wei-Jun Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Guan XL, Sun R, Jin B, Yuan C, Wu YB. 3-D molecular stars with covalent axial bonding. J Comput Chem 2023; 44:1410-1417. [PMID: 36872591 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
In designing three-dimensional (3-D) molecular stars, it is very difficult to enhance the molecular rigidity through forming the covalent bonds between the axial and equatorial groups because corresponding axial groups will generally break the delocalized π bond over equatorial frameworks and thus break their star-like arrangement. In this work, exemplified by designing the 3-D stars Be2 ©Be5 E5 + (E = Au, Cl, Br, I) with three delocalized σ bonds and delocalized π bond over the central Be2 ©Be5 moiety, we propose that the desired covalent bonding can be achieved by forming the delocalized σ bond(s) and delocalized π bond(s) simultaneously between the axial groups and equatorial framework. The covalency and rigidity of axial bonding can be demonstrated by the total Wiberg bond indices of 1.46-1.65 for axial Be atoms and ultrashort Be-Be distances of 1.834-1.841 Å, respectively. Beneficial also from the σ and π double aromaticity, these mono-cationic 3-D molecular stars are dynamically viable global energy minima with well-defined electronic structures, as reflected by wide HOMO-LUMO gaps (4.68-5.06 eV) and low electron affinities (4.70-4.82 eV), so they are the promising targets in the gas phase generation, mass-separation, and spectroscopic characterization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ling Guan
- Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Bo Jin
- Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Caixia Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yan-Bo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pentacoordinate Carbon Atoms in a Ferrocene Dication Derivative—[Fe(Si2-η5-C5H2)2]2+. CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry4040074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pentacoordinate carbon atoms are theoretically predicted here in a ferrocene dication derivative in the eclipsed-(1; C2v), gauche-(2; C2) and staggered-[Fe(Si2-η5-C5H2)2]2+(3; C2h) forms for the first time. Energetically, the relative energy gaps for 2 and 3 range from −3.06 to 16.74 and −2.78 to 40.34 kJ mol−1, respectively, when compared to the singlet electronic state of 1 at different levels. The planar tetracoordinate carbon (ptC) atom in the ligand Si2C5H2 becomes a pentacoordinate carbon upon complexation. The ligand with a ptC atom was predicted to be both a thermodynamically and kinetically stable molecule by some of us in our earlier theoretical works. Natural bond orbital and adaptive natural density partitioning analyses confirm the pentacoordinate nature of carbon in these three complexes (1–3). Although they are hypothetical at the moment, they support the idea of “hypercoordinate metallocenes” within organometallic chemistry. Moreover, ab initio molecular dynamics simulations carried out at 298 K temperature for 2000 fs suggest that these molecules are kinetically stable.
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang CJ, Dai WS, Xu HG, Xu XL, Zheng WJ. Structural Evolution of Carbon-Doped Aluminum Clusters Al nC - ( n = 6-15): Anion Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Theoretical Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:5621-5631. [PMID: 35972885 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c04754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Carbon-doped aluminum cluster anions, AlnC- (n = 6-15), were generated by laser vaporization and investigated by mass-selected anion photoelectron spectroscopy. The geometric structures of AlnC- (n = 6-15) anions were determined by the comparison of theoretical calculations with the experimental results. It is found that the most stable structure of Al6C- is a carbon endohedral triangular prism. The Al7C- anion is a magic cluster with high stability. The structures of Al7-9C- can be viewed as the additional aluminum atoms attached around the triangular prism Al6C-. Two isomers of Al10C- have been detected in the experiments. The most stable one has a planar tetracoordinate carbon structure. The second one derives from Al9C- with the carbon atom located in a pentagonal bipyramid. The Al11C- anion has a bilayer structure composed of one planar tetracoordinate carbon and one aluminum-centered hexagon, in which the major interactions between two layers are multicenter bonds. The structures of Al12-14C- can be viewed as evolving from Al11C- by adding aluminum atoms to interact with the carbon atom. In Al15C-, the carbon atom stays at the surface with a tetracoordinate structure, and an icosahedral Al13 unit can be identified as a part of the geometric structure of Al15C-.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Jiang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wen-Shuai Dai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong-Guang Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xi-Ling Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei-Jun Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jin B, Wang ZR. Binary mono-anions with unprecedented anti-aromatic planar tetracoordinate carbon and nitrogen atoms. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:17956-17960. [PMID: 35876834 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01496c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Global minima (CBe4- and NBe4-) with planar tetracoordinate carbon and nitrogen atoms are stabilized by multicentric bonds. Their unusual anti-aromaticity is due to the strong localized Be-Be bonds preventing the full delocalization of the electrons in the CBe4/NBe4 skeleton. These binary mono-anions are expected to be experimentally realized in the gas phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jin
- Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zai-Ran Wang
- Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Karton A, Thimmakondu VS. From Molecules with a Planar Tetracoordinate Carbon to an Astronomically Known C 5H 2 Carbene. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:2561-2568. [PMID: 35426667 PMCID: PMC9442649 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c01261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Ethynylcyclopropenylidene
(2), an isomer of C5H2, is a known
molecule in the laboratory and has
recently been identified in Taurus Molecular Cloud-1 (TMC-1). Using
high-level coupled-cluster methods up to the CCSDT(Q)/CBS level of
theory, it is shown that two isomers of C5H2 with a planar tetracoordinate carbon (ptC) atom, (SP-4)-spiro[2.2]pent-1,4-dien-1,4-diyl
(11) and (SP-4)-spiro[2.2]pent-1,4-dien-1,5-diyl (13), serve as the reactive intermediates for the formation
of 2. Here, a theoretical connection has been established
between molecules containing ptC atoms (11 and 13) and a molecule (2) that is present nearly
430 light years away, thus providing evidence for the existence of
ptC species in the interstellar medium. The reaction pathways connecting
the transition states and the reactants and products have been confirmed
by intrinsic reaction coordinate calculations at the CCSDT(Q)/CBS//B3LYP-D3BJ/cc-pVTZ
level. While isomer 11 is non-polar (μ = 0), isomers 2 and 13 are polar, with dipole moment values
of 3.52 and 5.17 Debye at the CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ level. Therefore, 13 is also a suitable candidate for both laboratory and radioastronomical
studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Karton
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Venkatesan S Thimmakondu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182-1030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Das P, Chattaraj PK. CSiGaAl 2 -/0 and CGeGaAl 2 -/0 having planar tetracoordinate carbon atoms in their global minimum energy structures. J Comput Chem 2022; 43:894-905. [PMID: 35322887 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) is used to explore the structure, stability, and bonding in CSiGaAl2 -/0 and CGeGaAl2 -/0 systems having planar tetracoordinate carbon (ptC). The neutral systems have 17 valence electrons and the mono-anionic systems have 18 valence electrons. The ab initio molecular dynamics simulations for 2000 fs time at two different temperatures (300 and 500 K) supported the kinetic stability of the systems. From the natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis it is shown that there is a strong electron donation from the ligand atoms to the ptC atom. We have used Li+ ion for the neutralization of the mono-anionic systems and more interestingly it does not disrupt the planar structure. The most preferable site for binding of Li+ ion is along the AlAl bond in both of the mono-anionic systems. All the systems in this work have both σ and π aromaticity which is predicted from the computations of nucleus independent chemical shift (NICS). Although the anionic species obey the 18 valence electronic rule, the neutral systems break the rule with 17 valence electrons. However, both sets of systems are stable in the planar form. The bonding analysis of the systems includes molecular orbital, adaptive natural density partitioning (AdNDP), quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM), electron localization function (ELF) basin, and aromaticity analyses. The energy decomposition analysis (EDA) determines the interaction of Li+ ion with CSiGaAl2 - and CGeGaAl2 - in Li@SiGaAl2 and Li@GeGaAl2 , respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prasenjit Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sun R, Jin B, Huo B, Yuan C, Zhai HJ, Wu YB. Planar pentacoordinate carbon in a sulphur-surrounded boron wheel: the global minimum of CB 5S 5. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:2552-2555. [PMID: 35103735 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc07313c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a σ + π double aromatic CB5S5+ cluster, the first global minimum unusually having a planar hypercoordinate carbon inside a boron wheel. Five peripheral sulfur atoms stabilize the carbon-centered boron wheel by weakening the electron deficiency of the boron atoms through strong S → B π back-bonding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sun
- The Key Laboratory of the Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, P. R. China. .,Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, P. R. China.
| | - Bo Jin
- The Key Laboratory of the Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, P. R. China.
| | - Bin Huo
- The Key Laboratory of the Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, P. R. China.
| | - Caixia Yuan
- The Key Laboratory of the Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, P. R. China.
| | - Hua-Jin Zhai
- The Key Laboratory of the Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, P. R. China. .,Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, P. R. China.
| | - Yan-Bo Wu
- The Key Laboratory of the Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang CJ, Yan ST, Xu HG, Xu XL, Zheng WJ. Structural and bonding properties of AlnC4−/0 (n = 2–4) clusters: Anion photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp2110185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao-jiang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuai-ting Yan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong-guang Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xi-ling Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei-jun Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang MH, Chen C, Pan S, Cui ZH. Planar hexacoordinate gallium. Chem Sci 2021; 12:15067-15076. [PMID: 34909147 PMCID: PMC8612373 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05089c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the first planar hexacoordinate gallium (phGa) center in the global minimum of the GaBe6Au6 + cluster which has a star-like D 6h geometry with 1A1g electronic state, possessing a central gallium atom encompassed by a Be6 hexagon and each Be-Be edge is further capped by an Au atom. The electronic delocalization resulting in double aromaticity (both σ and π) provides electronic stability in the planar form of the GaBe6Au6 + cluster. The high kinetic stability of the title cluster is also understood by Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulations. The energy decomposition analysis in combination with the 'natural orbitals for chemical valence' theory reveals that the bonding in the GaBe6Au6 + cluster is best expressed as the doublet Ga atom with 4s24p⊥ 1 electronic configuration forming an electron-sharing π bond with the doublet Be6Au6 + moiety followed by Ga(s)→[Be6Au6 +] σ-backdonation and two sets of Ga(p‖)←[Be6Au6 +] σ-donations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Hui Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), Jilin University Changchun China
| | - Chen Chen
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), Jilin University Changchun China
| | - Sudip Pan
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Zhong-Hua Cui
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), Jilin University Changchun China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sulphur-Bridged BAl 5S 5+ with 17 Counting Electrons: A Regular Planar Pentacoordinate Boron System. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175205. [PMID: 34500649 PMCID: PMC8433653 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, most of the reported planar pentacoordinate clusters are similar to the isoelectronic substitution of CAl5+, with 18 counting electrons. Meanwhile, the regular planar pentacoordinate boron systems are rarely reported. Hereby, a sulphur-bridged BAl5S5+ system with a five-pointed star configuration and 17 counting electrons is identified at the global energy minimum through the particle-swarm optimization method, based on the previous recognition on bridged sulphur as the peripheral tactics to the stable planar tetracoordinate carbon and boron. Its outstanding stability has been demonstrated by thermodynamic analysis at 900 K, electronic properties and chemical bonding analysis. This study provides adequately theoretical basis and referable data for its experimental capture and testing.
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang CJ, Wang P, Xu XL, Xu HG, Zheng WJ. Photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical study of Al nC 5-/0 ( n = 1-5) clusters: structural evolution, relative stability of star-like clusters, and planar tetracoordinate carbon structures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:1967-1975. [PMID: 33470255 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06081j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The AlnC5- (n = 1-5) clusters were detected in the gas-phase and were investigated via mass-selected anion photoelectron spectroscopy. The structures of AlnC5-/0 (n = 1-5) were explored by theoretical calculations. It is found that the structures of AlC5-/0 and Al2C5-/0 are linear while those of Al3C5-/0, Al4C5-/0, and Al5C5-/0 are two-dimensional. The most stable structures of AlC5-/0 and Al2C5-/0 are linear with the Al atoms attached to the ends of C5 chain. The most stable structures of Al3C5-/0 can be viewed as three Al atoms interacting with a nonlinear C5 chain. The most stable structure of Al4C5- anion is a planar structure composed of a C2 unit, a C3 unit, and two Al2 units, while that of the neutral Al4C5 cluster has four Al atoms connected to different positions of a distorted C5 chain. The global minimum structures of Al5C5-/0 are planar structures composed of an Al4C quadrilateral, two C2 groups, and an Al atom connected to two C2 groups. Planar tetracoordinate carbon (ptC) has been identified in the structures of both anionic and neutral Al5C5. It is worth mentioning that the star-like structure of Al5C5- is slightly higher in energy than the ground state structure. The comparison of theoretical calculations with the experimental spectra indicates the star-like structure of Al5C5- may also appear in our experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Jiang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang CJ, Xu HG, Xu XL, Zheng WJ. Anion Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Theoretical Studies of Al 4C 6-/0: Global Minimum Triangle-Shaped Structures and Hexacoordinated Aluminum. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:302-307. [PMID: 33393298 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c10048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Anion photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical calculations were used to investigate the structural and bonding properties of Al4C6-/0 clusters. The vertical detachment energy of Al4C6- was measured to be 3.36 ± 0.08 eV. The structure of the Al4C6- anion is confirmed to be a bowl-shaped distorted triangle with an Al atom at the center and three Al atoms at the vertices. The global minimum isomer of neutral Al4C6 has a planar triangle-shaped structure with D3h symmetry. Both anionic and neutral Al4C6 have a hexacoordinated Al atom surrounded by three C≡C groups. Compared with the structure of neutral Al4C6, the structure of Al4C6- is distorted due to the addition of the excess electron. The molecular orbital analysis shows that the singly occupied molecular orbital of Al4C6- mainly locates on one side of the triangle plane and the neutral Al4C6 has a large highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital gap. Theoretical calculations indicate that neutral Al4C6 has some aromaticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Jiang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Physical Science Laboratory, Huairou National Comprehensive Science Center, Beijing 101400, China
| | - Hong-Guang Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Physical Science Laboratory, Huairou National Comprehensive Science Center, Beijing 101400, China
| | - Xi-Ling Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Physical Science Laboratory, Huairou National Comprehensive Science Center, Beijing 101400, China
| | - Wei-Jun Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Physical Science Laboratory, Huairou National Comprehensive Science Center, Beijing 101400, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Vásquez‐Espinal A, Palacio‐Rodríguez K, Ravell E, Orozco‐Ic M, Barroso J, Pan S, Tiznado W, Merino G. E
5
M
7
+
(E=C–Pb, M=Li–Cs): A Source of Viable Star‐Shaped Clusters. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:1751-1755. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Vásquez‐Espinal
- Departamento de Física AplicadaCentro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Unidad Mérida Km 6 Antigua carretera a Progreso, Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex 97310 Mérida Yuc. México
| | - Karen Palacio‐Rodríguez
- Química de Recursos Energéticos y Medio AmbienteInstituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad de Antioquia Calle 70 No. 52-21 Medellín Colombia
| | - Estefanía Ravell
- Departamento de Física AplicadaCentro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Unidad Mérida Km 6 Antigua carretera a Progreso, Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex 97310 Mérida Yuc. México
| | - Mesías Orozco‐Ic
- Departamento de Física AplicadaCentro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Unidad Mérida Km 6 Antigua carretera a Progreso, Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex 97310 Mérida Yuc. México
| | - Jorge Barroso
- Departamento de Física AplicadaCentro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Unidad Mérida Km 6 Antigua carretera a Progreso, Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex 97310 Mérida Yuc. México
| | - Sudip Pan
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
| | - William Tiznado
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias ExactasUniversidad Andres Bello República 275 Santiago Chile
| | - Gabriel Merino
- Departamento de Física AplicadaCentro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Unidad Mérida Km 6 Antigua carretera a Progreso, Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex 97310 Mérida Yuc. México
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
|
18
|
Liu P, Bian JH, Wang Q, Huang F, Li D, Wu YB. CB3E2q (q = ±1): a family of “hyparene” analogues with a planar pentacoordinate carbon. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:12642-12649. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01193a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Highlighted elements are the feasible E atoms of CB3E2q template ppC structures, in which CB3Mg2− is suitable for photoelectron spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion
- Institute of Coal Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Taiyuan
- China
| | - Jian-Hong Bian
- Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province
- Institute of Molecular Science
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan
- China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion
- Institute of Coal Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Taiyuan
- China
| | - Fang Huang
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Shandong Normal University
- Jinan
- China
| | - Debao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion
- Institute of Coal Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Taiyuan
- China
| | - Yan-Bo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion
- Institute of Coal Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Taiyuan
- China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
|
20
|
Vásquez-Espinal A, Poater J, Solà M, Tiznado W, Islas R. Testing the effectiveness of the isoelectronic substitution principle through the transformation of aromatic osmathiophene derivatives into their inorganic analogues. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj02972h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The isoelectronic substitution principle has been employed in the [OsCl2(SC3H3)(PH3)2]+ complex, generating a new set of complexes, where C has been replaced by B− and/or N+.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Vásquez-Espinal
- Doctorado en Fisicoquímica Molecular
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Universidad Andres Bello
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - Jordi Poater
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB)
- Universitat de Barcelona
- Catalonia
- Spain
- ICREA
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química
- Universitat de Girona
- Catalonia
- Spain
| | - William Tiznado
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Universidad Andres Bello
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - Rafael Islas
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Universidad Andres Bello
- Santiago
- Chile
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Guo JC, Tian WJ, Wang YJ, Zhao XF, Wu YB, Zhai HJ, Li SD. Star-like superalkali cations featuring planar pentacoordinate carbon. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:244303. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4954658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Chang Guo
- Institute of Materials Science and Department of Chemistry, Xinzhou Teachers’ University, Xinzhou, Shanxi 034000, China
| | - Wen-Juan Tian
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Ying-Jin Wang
- Institute of Materials Science and Department of Chemistry, Xinzhou Teachers’ University, Xinzhou, Shanxi 034000, China
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Xue-Feng Zhao
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Yan-Bo Wu
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Hua-Jin Zhai
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Si-Dian Li
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang X, Wang Q, Yuan C, Zhao XF, Li JJ, Li D, Wu YB, Wang X. The degree of π electron delocalization and the formation of 3D-extensible sandwich structures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:11942-50. [PMID: 27004750 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07372c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
DFT B3LYP/6-31G(d) calculations were performed to examine the feasibility of graphene-like C42H18 and starbenzene C6(BeH)6 (SBz) polymers as ligands of 3D-extensible sandwich compounds (3D-ESCs) with uninterrupted sandwich arrays. The results revealed that sandwich compounds with three or more C42H18 ligands were not feasible. The possible reason may be the localization of π electrons on certain C6 hexagons due to π-metal interactions, which makes the whole ligand lose its electronic structure basis (higher degree of π electron delocalization) to maintain the planar structure. For comparison, with the aid of benzene (Bz) molecules, the SBz polymers can be feasible ligands for designing 3D-ESCs because the C-Be interactions in individual SBz are largely ionic, which will deter the π electrons on one C6 ring from connecting to those on neighbouring C6 rings. This means that high degree of π electron delocalization is not necessary for maintaining the planarity of SBz polymers. Such a locally delocalized π electron structure is desirable for the ligands of 3D-ESCs. Remarkably, the formation of a sandwich compound with SBz is thermodynamically more favourable than that found for bis(Bz)chromium. The assembly of 3D-ESCs is largely exothermic, which will facilitate future experimental synthesis. The different variation trends on the HOMO-LUMO gaps in different directions (relative to the sandwich axes) suggest that they can be developed to form directional conductors or semiconductors, which may be useful in the production of electronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Caixia Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xue-Feng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jia-Jia Li
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Debao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Bo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaotai Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Denver, Campus Box 194, P.O. Box 173364, Denver, Colorado 80217-3364, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhao XF, Yuan CX, Wang X, Li JJ, Wu YB, Wang X. Computational design of organometallic oligomers featuring 1,3-metal-carbon bonding and planar tetracoordinate carbon atoms. J Comput Chem 2016; 37:296-303. [PMID: 26399226 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory computations (B3LYP) have been used to explore the chemistry of titanium-aromatic carbon "edge complexes" with 1,3-metal-carbon (1,3-MC) bonding between Ti and planar tetracoordinate Cβ . The titanium-coordinated, end-capping chlorides are replaced with OH or SH groups to afford two series of difunctional monomers that can undergo condensation to form oxide- and sulfide-bridged oligomers. The sulfide-linked oligomers have less molecular strain and are more exergonic than the corresponding oxide-linked oligomers. The HOMO-LUMO gap of the oligomers varies with their composition and decreases with growing oligomer chain. This theoretical study is intended to enrich 1,3-MC bonding and planar tetracoordinate carbon chemistry and provide interesting ideas to experimentalists. Organometallic complexes with the TiE2 (E = OH and SH) decoration on the edge of aromatic hydrocarbons have been computationally designed, which feature 1,3-metal-carbon (1,3-MC) bonding between titanium and planar tetracoordinate β-carbon. Condensation of these difunctional monomers by eliminating small molecules (H2O and H2S) produce chain-like oligomers. The HOMO-LUMO gaps of the oligomers decreases with growing oligomer chain, a trend that suggests possible semiconductor properties for oligomers with longer chains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Feng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai-Xia Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China.,Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, 80217
| | - Xiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Jia Li
- Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Bo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China.,Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, 80217
| | - Xiaotai Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, 80217
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yang LM, Ganz E, Chen Z, Wang ZX, Schleyer PVR. Vier Jahrzehnte Chemie der planar hyperkoordinierten Verbindungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201410407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
25
|
Yang LM, Ganz E, Chen Z, Wang ZX, Schleyer PVR. Four Decades of the Chemistry of Planar Hypercoordinate Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:9468-501. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201410407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
26
|
Cui ZH, Ding YH, Cabellos JL, Osorio E, Islas R, Restrepo A, Merino G. Planar tetracoordinate carbons with a double bond in CAl3E clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:8769-75. [PMID: 25739866 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05707d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The potential energy surfaces of a series of clusters with the formula CAl3E (E = P, As, Sb, Bi) are systematically explored using density functional theory and high level ab initio calculations. The global minimum structure of these clusters contains a planar tetracoordinate carbon atom. The presence of a C=E double bond is supported by the Wiberg bond indices, the adaptive natural density partitioning analysis, and the magnetic response. Our results show that these planar tetracoordinate carbon clusters are both thermodynamically and kinetically viable species in the gas phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Hua Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People's Republic of China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hou J, Chen Y, Duan Q, Liang Q, Jiang D, Liu W, Yan B, Li Z, Gu F, Li Q. Exploring the geometrical structures of X©BnHnm [(X, m) = (B, +1), (C, +2) for n = 5; (X, m) = (Be, 0), (B, +1) for n = 6] by an electronic method. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj01324k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The (quasi-)planar wheel-type structures can be obtained by adding electrons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Hou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022
- People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Duan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022
- People's Republic of China
| | - Qingcheng Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022
- People's Republic of China
| | - Dayong Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022
- People's Republic of China
| | - Wanqiang Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022
- People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Yan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiru Li
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- People's Republic of China
| | - Fenglong Gu
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou 510631
- People's Republic of China
| | - Qianshu Li
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou 510631
- People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Cui ZH, Sui JJ, Ding YH. How can carbon favor planar multi-coordination in boron-based clusters? Global structures of CBxEy2−(E = Al, Ga, x + y = 4). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:32016-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp04776e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
CB2E2Mg (E = Al, Ga) designed in the present study represents the first successful design of a boron-based planar penta-coordinate carbon (ppC) structures as the global minima.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-hua Cui
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-jing Sui
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-hong Ding
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
- People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wu YB, Li YQ, Bai H, Lu HG, Li SD, Zhai HJ, Wang ZX. D(3h) [A-CE3-A]⁻ (E = Al and Ga, A = Si, Ge, Sn, and Pb): a new class of hexatomic mono-anionic species with trigonal bipyramidal carbon. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:104302. [PMID: 24628164 DOI: 10.1063/1.4867364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-classical trigonal bipyramidal carbon (TBPC) arrangement generally exists as transition states (TSs) in nucleophilic bimolecular substitution (S(N)2) reactions. Nevertheless, chemists have been curious about whether such a carbon bonding could be stable in equilibrium structures for decades. As the TBPC arrangement was normally realized as cationic species theoretically and experimentally, only one anionic example ([At-C(CN)3-At](-)) was computationally devised. Herein, we report the design of a new class of anionic TBPC species by using the strategy similar to that for stabilizing the non-classical planar hypercoordinate carbon. When electron deficient Al and Ga were used as the equatorial ligands, eight D(3h) [A-CE3-A](-) (E = Al and Ga, A = Si, Ge, Sn, and Pb) TBPC structures were found to be the energy minima rather than TSs at both the B3LYP and MP2 levels. Remarkably, the energetic results at the CCSD(T) optimization level further identify [Ge-CAl3-Ge](-) and [Sn-CGa3-Sn](-) even to be the global minima and [Si-CAl3-Si](-) and [Ge-CGa3-Ge](-) to be the local minima, only slightly higher than their global minima. The electronic structure analyses reveal that the substantial ionic C-E bonding, the peripheral E-A covalent bonding, and the axial mc-2e (multi center-two electrons) bonding play roles in stabilizing these TBPC structures. The structural simplicity and the high thermodynamic stability suggest that some of these species may be generated and captured in the gas phase. Furthermore, as mono-anionic species, their first vertical detachment energies are differentiable from those of their nearest isomers, which would facilitate their characterization via experiments such as the negative ion photoelectron spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Bo Wu
- Institute of Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Education Ministry, Shanxi University, Wucheng Road 92#, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Qin Li
- Institute of Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Education Ministry, Shanxi University, Wucheng Road 92#, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Bai
- Institute of Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Education Ministry, Shanxi University, Wucheng Road 92#, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Gang Lu
- Institute of Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Education Ministry, Shanxi University, Wucheng Road 92#, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Dian Li
- Institute of Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Education Ministry, Shanxi University, Wucheng Road 92#, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Jin Zhai
- Institute of Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Education Ministry, Shanxi University, Wucheng Road 92#, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19#, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Dai J, Wu X, Yang J, Zeng XC. AlxC Monolayer Sheets: Two-Dimensional Networks with Planar Tetracoordinate Carbon and Potential Applications as Donor Materials in Solar Cell. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:2058-65. [PMID: 26270493 DOI: 10.1021/jz500674e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We perform a global search of the most stable structures of 2D stoichiometric AlxC (x = 1/3, 1, 2, and 3) monolayer sheets. In the most stable 2D planar AlC network, every carbon atom is tetracoordinated. In addition to the structure of AlC, structures of the most stable Al2C and Al3C monolayer sheets are also predicted for the first time. AlC and Al2C monolayers are semiconducting, while Al3C monolayer is metallic. In particular, Al2C monolayer possesses a bandgap of 1.05 eV (based on HSE06 calculation), a value suitable for photovoltaic applications. Moreover, three Al2C/WSe2, Al2C/MoTe2, and AlC/ZnO van der Waals heterobilayers are investigated, and their power conversion efficiencies are estimated to be in the range of 12-18%. The near-perfect match in lattice constants between the Al2C monolayer and PdO (100) surface suggests strong likelihood of experimental realization of the Al2C monolayer on the PdO (100) substrate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Dai
- †Department of Chemistry and Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 536 Hamilton Hall, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- ‡CAS Key Lab of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Hefei National Lab for Physical Science at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 JinZhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jinlong Yang
- §Department of Chemical Physics and Hefei National Lab for Physical Science at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 JinZhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xiao Cheng Zeng
- †Department of Chemistry and Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 536 Hamilton Hall, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
- §Department of Chemical Physics and Hefei National Lab for Physical Science at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 JinZhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Moreno D, Martínez-Guajardo G, Díaz-Celaya A, Mercero JM, de Coss R, Perez-Peralta N, Merino G. Re-examination of the C(6)Li(6) structure: to be, or not to be symmetric. Chemistry 2013; 19:12668-72. [PMID: 23873759 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The potential energy surface of C6 Li6 was re-examined and a new non-symmetric global minimum was found. The new structure can be described as three C2 (2-) fragments strongly aggregated through lithium bridges. At high temperatures, fluxionality is perceived instead of dissociation. At 600 and 900 K, the BOMD simulations show that the lithium mobility is high, indicating that the cluster behaves in a liquid-like manner (BOMD=Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Moreno
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, 97310 Mérida, Yucatán (Mexico)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
The potential energy surface of the hypothetical NaMgAlSiPSCl system (heavy periodane) is exhaustively analyzed via the gradient embedded genetic algorithm (GEGA) in combination with density functional theory (DFT) computations. The electronegativity differences among the elements in both the second and third rows of the periodic table indicate that low-energy heavy periodane structures are obtained when highly electronegative and electropositive elements are bound together, but the global minimum of the heavy periodane system is completely different to its second-row analog (LiBeBCNOF).
Collapse
|
33
|
Wu YB, Li ZX, Pu XH, Wang ZX. Computational design of linear, flat, and tubular nanomolecules using planar tetracoordinate carbon C2Al4 units. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2012.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
34
|
Wu YB, Duan Y, Lu HG, Li SD. CAl2Be32– and Its Salt Complex LiCAl2Be3–: Anionic Global Minima with Planar Pentacoordinate Carbon. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:3290-4. [DOI: 10.1021/jp300302w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Bo Wu
- Institute of Molecular Science, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Education Ministry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Duan
- Institute of Molecular Science, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Education Ministry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai-Gang Lu
- Institute of Molecular Science, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Education Ministry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Si-Dian Li
- Institute of Molecular Science, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Education Ministry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Material Science and Department of Chemistry, Xinzhou Teacher’s University, Xinzhou 030040, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wu YB, Duan Y, Lu G, Lu HG, Yang P, Schleyer PVR, Merino G, Islas R, Wang ZX. D3h CN3Be3+ and CO3Li3+: viable planar hexacoordinate carbon prototypes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:14760-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp41822c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
36
|
|
37
|
Crigger C, Wittmaack BK, Tawfik M, Merino G, Donald KJ. Plane and simple: planar tetracoordinate carbon centers in small molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:14775-83. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp41986f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
38
|
Avaltroni F, Corminboeuf C. Identifying clusters as low-lying mimina-efficiency of stochastic and genetic algorithms using inexpensive electronic structure levels. J Comput Chem 2011; 33:502-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.22882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Revised: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
39
|
Perez-Peralta N, Contreras M, Tiznado W, Stewart J, Donald KJ, Merino G. Stabilizing carbon-lithium stars. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:12975-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21061k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|