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Ma KY, Perera-Gonzalez M, Langlois NI, Alzubi OM, Guimond JD, Flask CA, Clark HA. pH-responsive i-motif-conjugated nanoparticles for MRI analysis. SENSORS & DIAGNOSTICS 2024; 3:623-630. [PMID: 38646186 PMCID: PMC11025034 DOI: 10.1039/d3sd00285c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Gadolinium (Gd)-based contrast agents (CAs) are widely used to enhance anatomical details in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Significant research has expanded the field of CAs into bioresponsive CAs by modulating the signal to image and monitor biochemical processes, such as pH. In this work, we introduce the modular, dynamic actuation mechanism of DNA-based nanostructures as a new way to modulate the MRI signal based on the rotational correlation time, τR. We combined a pH-responsive oligonucleotide (i-motif) and a clinical standard CA (Gd-DOTA) to develop a pH-responsive MRI CA. The i-motif folds into a quadruplex under acidic conditions and was incorporated onto gold nanoparticles (iM-GNP) to achieve increased relaxivity, r1, compared to the unbound i-motif. In vitro, iM-GNP resulted in a significant increase in r1 over a decreasing pH range (7.5-4.5) with a calculated pKa = 5.88 ± 0.01 and a 16.7% change per 0.1 pH unit. In comparison, a control CA with a non-responsive DNA strand (T33-GNP) did not show a significant change in r1 over the same pH range. The iM-GNP was further evaluated in 20% human serum and demonstrated a 28.14 ± 11.2% increase in signal from neutral pH to acidic pH. This approach paves a path for novel programmable, dynamic DNA-based complexes for τR-modulated bioresponsive MRI CAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Y Ma
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University Tempe AZ USA
- Dept. of Bioengineering, Northeastern University Boston MA USA
| | | | - Nicole I Langlois
- Dept. of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University Boston MA USA
| | - Owen M Alzubi
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University Tempe AZ USA
| | - Joseph D Guimond
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University Tempe AZ USA
| | - Chris A Flask
- Depts. of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - Heather A Clark
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University Tempe AZ USA
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2
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Tirukoti ND, Avram L, Haris T, Lerner B, Diskin-Posner Y, Allouche-Arnon H, Bar-Shir A. Fast Ion-Chelate Dissociation Rate for In Vivo MRI of Labile Zinc with Frequency-Specific Encodability. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11751-11758. [PMID: 34297566 PMCID: PMC8397314 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Fast ion-chelate
dissociation rates and weak ion-chelate affinities
are desired kinetic and thermodynamic features for imaging probes
to allow reversible binding and to prevent deviation from basal ionic
levels. Nevertheless, such properties often result in poor readouts
upon ion binding, frequently result in low ion specificity, and do
not allow the detection of a wide range of concentrations. Herein,
we show the design, synthesis, characterization, and implementation
of a Zn2+-probe developed for MRI that possesses reversible
Zn2+-binding properties with a rapid dissociation rate
(koff = 845 ± 35 s–1) for the detection of a wide range of biologically relevant concentrations.
Benefiting from the implementation of chemical exchange saturation
transfer (CEST), which is here applied in the 19F-MRI framework
in an approach termed ion CEST (iCEST), we demonstrate the ability
to map labile Zn2+ with spectrally resolved specificity
and with no interference from competitive cations. Relying on fast koff rates for enhanced signal amplification,
the use of iCEST allowed the designed fluorinated chelate to experience
weak Zn2+-binding affinity (Kd at the mM range), but without compromising high cationic specificity,
which is demonstrated here for mapping the distribution of labile
Zn2+ in the hippocampal tissue of a live mouse. This strategy
for accelerating ion-chelate koff rates
for the enhancement of MRI signal amplifications without affecting
ion specificity could open new avenues for the design of additional
probes for other metal ions beyond zinc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishanth D Tirukoti
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Liat Avram
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Talia Haris
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Benjamin Lerner
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Yael Diskin-Posner
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Hyla Allouche-Arnon
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Amnon Bar-Shir
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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3
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Chirayil S, Jordan VC, Martins AF, Paranawithana N, Ratnakar SJ, Sherry AD. Manganese(II)-Based Responsive Contrast Agent Detects Glucose-Stimulated Zinc Secretion from the Mouse Pancreas and Prostate by MRI. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:2168-2177. [PMID: 33507742 PMCID: PMC8112388 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A Mn(II)-based zinc-sensitive MRI contrast agent, MnPyC3A-BPEN, was prepared, characterized, and applied in imaging experiments to detect glucose-stimulated zinc secretion (GSZS) from the mouse pancreas and prostate in vivo. Thermodynamic and kinetic stability tests showed that MnPyC3A-BPEN has superior kinetic inertness compared to GdDTPA, is less susceptible to transmetalation in the presence of excess Zn2+ ions, and less susceptible to transchelation by albumin. In comparison with other gadolinium-based zinc sensors bearing a single zinc binding moiety, MnPyC3A-BPEN appears to be a reliable alternative for imaging β-cell function in the pancreas and glucose-stimulated zinc secretion from the prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Chirayil
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Veronica Clavijo Jordan
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - André F Martins
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Namini Paranawithana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - S James Ratnakar
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - A Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
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4
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Malikidogo KP, Martin H, Bonnet CS. From Zn(II) to Cu(II) Detection by MRI Using Metal-Based Probes: Current Progress and Challenges. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E436. [PMID: 33266014 PMCID: PMC7760112 DOI: 10.3390/ph13120436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc and copper are essential cations involved in numerous biological processes, and variations in their concentrations can cause diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes and cancers. Hence, detection and quantification of these cations are of utmost importance for the early diagnosis of disease. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) responsive contrast agents (mainly Lanthanide(+III) complexes), relying on a change in the state of the MRI active part upon interaction with the cation of interest, e.g., switch ON/OFF or vice versa, have been successfully utilized to detect Zn2+ and are now being developed to detect Cu2+. These paramagnetic probes mainly exploit the relaxation-based properties (T1-based contrast agents), but also the paramagnetic induced hyperfine shift properties (paraCEST and parashift probes) of the contrast agents. The challenges encountered going from Zn2+ to Cu2+ detection will be stressed and discussed herein, mainly involving the selectivity of the probes for the cation to detect and their responsivity at physiologically relevant concentrations. Depending on the response mechanism, the use of fast-field cycling MRI seems promising to increase the detection field while keeping a good response. In vivo applications of cation responsive MRI probes are only in their infancy and the recent developments will be described, along with the associated quantification problems. In the case of relaxation agents, the presence of another method of local quantification, e.g., synchrotron X-Ray fluorescence, single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or positron emission tomography (PET) techniques, or 19F MRI is required, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Célia S. Bonnet
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, Université d’Orléans, Rue Charles Sadron, F-45071 Orléans 2, France; (K.P.M.); (H.M.)
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Khalighinejad P, Parrott D, Sherry AD. Imaging Tissue Physiology In Vivo by Use of Metal Ion-Responsive MRI Contrast Agents. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E268. [PMID: 32987721 PMCID: PMC7598704 DOI: 10.3390/ph13100268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Paramagnetic metal ion complexes, mostly based on gadolinium (Gd3+), have been used for over 30 years as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. Gd3+-based contrast agents have a strong influence on T1 relaxation times and are consequently the most commonly used agents in both the clinical and research environments. Zinc is an essential element involved with over 3000 different cellular proteins, and disturbances in tissue levels of zinc have been linked to a wide range of pathologies, including Alzheimer's disease, prostate cancer, and diabetes mellitus. MR contrast agents that respond to the presence of Zn2+ in vivo offer the possibility of imaging changes in Zn2+ levels in real-time with the superior spatial resolution offered by MRI. Such responsive agents, often referred to as smart agents, are typically composed of a paramagnetic metal ion with a ligand encapsulating it and one or more chelating units that selectively bind with the analyte of interest. Translation of these agents into clinical radiology is the next goal. In this review, we discuss Gd3+-based MR contrast agents that respond to a change in local Zn2+ concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooyan Khalighinejad
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - Daniel Parrott
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - A. Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
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7
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Abstract
Many elegant inorganic designs have been developed to aid medical imaging. We know better now how to improve imaging due to the enormous efforts made by scientists in probe design and other fundamental sciences, including inorganic chemistry, physiochemistry, analytical chemistry, and biomedical engineering. However, despite several years being invested in the development of diagnostic probes, only a few examples have shown applicability in MRI in vivo. In this short review, we aim to show the reader the latest advances in the application of inorganic agents in preclinical MRI.
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Martins AF, Clavijo Jordan V, Bochner F, Chirayil S, Paranawithana N, Zhang S, Lo ST, Wen X, Zhao P, Neeman M, Sherry AD. Imaging Insulin Secretion from Mouse Pancreas by MRI Is Improved by Use of a Zinc-Responsive MRI Sensor with Lower Affinity for Zn 2+ Ions. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:17456-17464. [PMID: 30484648 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b07607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that divalent zinc ions packaged with insulin in β-cell granules can be detected by MRI during glucose-stimulated insulin secretion using a gadolinium-based Zn2+-sensitive agent. This study was designed to evaluate whether a simpler agent design having single Zn2+-sensing moieties but with variable Zn2+ binding affinities might also detect insulin secretion from the pancreas. Using an implanted MR-compatible window designed to hold the pancreas in a fixed position for imaging, we now demonstrate that focally intense "hot spots" can be detected in the tail of the pancreas using these agents after administration of glucose to stimulate insulin secretion. Histological staining of the same tissue verified that the hot spots identified by imaging correspond to clusters of islets, perhaps reflecting first-responder islets that are most responsive to a sudden increase in glucose. A comparison of images obtained when using a high-affinity Zn2+ sensor versus a lower-affinity sensor showed that the lower-affinity sensors produced the best image contrast. An equilibrium model that considers all possible complexes formed between Zn2+, the GdL sensor, and HSA predicts that a GdL sensor with lower affinity for Zn2+ generates a lower background signal from endogenous Zn2+ prior to glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and that the weaker binding affinity agent is more responsive to a further increase in Zn2+ concentration near β-cells after GSIS. These model predictions are consistent with the in vivo imaging observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- André F Martins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson , Texas 75080 , United States.,Advanced Imaging Research Center , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , Texas 75390-8568 , United States
| | - Veronica Clavijo Jordan
- Advanced Imaging Research Center , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , Texas 75390-8568 , United States
| | - Filip Bochner
- Department of Biological Regulation , The Weizmann Institute of Science , 7610001 Rehovot , Israel
| | - Sara Chirayil
- Advanced Imaging Research Center , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , Texas 75390-8568 , United States
| | - Namini Paranawithana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson , Texas 75080 , United States
| | - Shanrong Zhang
- Advanced Imaging Research Center , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , Texas 75390-8568 , United States
| | - Su-Tang Lo
- Advanced Imaging Research Center , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , Texas 75390-8568 , United States
| | - Xiaodong Wen
- Advanced Imaging Research Center , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , Texas 75390-8568 , United States
| | - Piyu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson , Texas 75080 , United States
| | - Michal Neeman
- Department of Biological Regulation , The Weizmann Institute of Science , 7610001 Rehovot , Israel
| | - A Dean Sherry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson , Texas 75080 , United States.,Advanced Imaging Research Center , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , Texas 75390-8568 , United States
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9
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Zn 2+ detection by MRI using Ln 3+ -based complexes: The central role of coordination chemistry. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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10
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Harvey P, Nonat A, Platas‐Iglesias C, Natrajan LS, Charbonnière LJ. Sensing Uranyl(VI) Ions by Coordination and Energy Transfer to a Luminescent Europium(III) Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:9921-9924. [PMID: 29898241 PMCID: PMC6099227 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The release of uranyl(VI) is a hazardous environmental issue, with limited ways to monitor accumulation in situ. Here, we present a method for the detection of uranyl(VI) ions through the utilization of a unique fluorescence energy transfer process to europium(III). Our system displays the first example of a "turn-on" europium(III) emission process with a small, water-soluble lanthanide complex triggered by uranyl(VI) ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Harvey
- The Centre for Radiochemistry ResearchSchool of Chemistry, The University of ManchesterBrunswick StreetManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Aline Nonat
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Moléculaire Appliquée à l'Analyse, IPHC, UMR 7178ECPM25 rue Becquerel67087Strasbourg Cedex 02France
| | - Carlos Platas‐Iglesias
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), and Departamento de QuímicaUniversidade da CoruñaCampus da Zapateira-Rúa da Fraga 1015008 ACoruñaSpain
| | - Louise S. Natrajan
- The Centre for Radiochemistry ResearchSchool of Chemistry, The University of ManchesterBrunswick StreetManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Loïc J. Charbonnière
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Moléculaire Appliquée à l'Analyse, IPHC, UMR 7178ECPM25 rue Becquerel67087Strasbourg Cedex 02France
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11
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Harvey P, Nonat A, Platas-Iglesias C, Natrajan LS, Charbonnière LJ. Sensing Uranyl(VI) Ions by Coordination and Energy Transfer to a Luminescent Europium(III) Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Harvey
- The Centre for Radiochemistry Research; School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester; Brunswick Street Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Aline Nonat
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Moléculaire Appliquée à l'Analyse, IPHC, UMR 7178; ECPM; 25 rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02 France
| | - Carlos Platas-Iglesias
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), and Departamento de Química; Universidade da Coruña; Campus da Zapateira-Rúa da Fraga 10 15008 A Coruña Spain
| | - Louise S. Natrajan
- The Centre for Radiochemistry Research; School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester; Brunswick Street Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Loïc J. Charbonnière
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Moléculaire Appliquée à l'Analyse, IPHC, UMR 7178; ECPM; 25 rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02 France
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12
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Pierre VC, Harris SM, Pailloux SL. Comparing Strategies in the Design of Responsive Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Case Study with Copper and Zinc. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:342-351. [PMID: 29356506 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged over the years as one of the preferred modalities for medical diagnostic and biomedical research. It has the advantage over other imaging modalities such as positron emission tomography and X-ray of affording high resolution three-dimensional images of the body without using harmful radiation. The use of contrast agents has further expanded this technique by increasing the contrast between regions where they accumulate and background tissues. As MRI most often measures the relaxation rate of water throughout the body, contrast agents function by modulating the intensity of the water signal either via improved relaxation or via saturation transfer to selected exchangeable proton. Among the growing class of MRI contrast agents, a subset of them called "smart" contrast agents function as responsive probes. Their ability to increase or decrease their signal intensity is modulated by the presence of an analyte. These probes offer the unique ability to image the distribution of an analyte in vivo, thereby opening new possibilities for diagnostics and for elucidating the role of specific analytes in various pathologies or biological processes. A number of different strategies can be exploited to design responsive MRI contrast agents. The majority of contrast agents are based on GdIII complexes. These complexes can be rendered responsive in either of two ways: either by modulating the number of inner-sphere water molecules, q, or via modulating the rotational correlation time, τR, of the contrast agent upon substrate binding. The longitudinal relaxivity increases with the number of inner-sphere water molecules. GdIII complexes can be rendered responsive if they contain a recognition moiety that can bind to both the open coordination site of GdIII and to the analyte. When the recognition moiety leaves the lanthanide ion to bind to the analyte, q increases and therefore so does the relaxivity. The dependence of relaxivity on rotational correlation time is more complex and more pronounced at lower magnetic fields. In general, slower tumbling macromolecules have longer rotational correlation times and higher relaxivities. Analyte-triggered formation of macromolecules thus also increases relaxivity. Such macromolecules can either be analyte-templated supramolecular assemblies, or analyte-enhanced protein-contrast agent complexes. Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) agents are a newer class of contrast agents that offer the possibility of multifrequency and thus ratiometric imaging, which in turn enables quantitative mapping of the concentration of an analyte in vivo under conditions where the concentration of the contrast agent is not known. Such agents can be rendered responsive if the analyte changes the number of exchangeable proton(s), its exchange rate, or its chemical shift. All of these approaches have been successfully employed for detecting and imaging both copper and zinc, including in vivo. Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (MIONs) are powerful MRI transverse relaxation agents. They can also be rendered responsive to an analyte if the latter can control the aggregation of the nanoparticles. For metal ions, this can be achieved via chemical functionalities that only react to form conjugates in the presence of the metal ion analyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie C. Pierre
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Sarah M. Harris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Sylvie L. Pailloux
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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13
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Isaac M, Pallier A, Szeremeta F, Bayle PA, Barantin L, Bonnet CS, Sénèque O. MRI and luminescence detection of Zn2+ with a lanthanide complex–zinc finger peptide conjugate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:7350-7353. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc04366c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A zinc finger peptide provides an excellent scaffold for the design of lanthanide-based luminescent and MRI Zn2+-responsive probes
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Isaac
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes
- CNRS
- CEA
- BIG
- LCBM (UMR 5249)
| | - Agnès Pallier
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire
- UPR CNRS 4301
- Université d'Orléans
- F-45071 Orléans
- France
| | - Frédéric Szeremeta
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire
- UPR CNRS 4301
- Université d'Orléans
- F-45071 Orléans
- France
| | | | | | - Célia S. Bonnet
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire
- UPR CNRS 4301
- Université d'Orléans
- F-45071 Orléans
- France
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14
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Srivastava K, Ferrauto G, Harris SM, Longo DL, Botta M, Aime S, Pierre VC. Complete on/off responsive ParaCEST MRI contrast agents for copper and zinc. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:11346-11357. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01172a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Two thulium-based paraCEST contrast agents enable detection and imaging of copper and zinc by MRI with a complete on/off response.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Minnesota
- Minneapolis
- USA
| | - G. Ferrauto
- Molecular Imaging Center
- Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Sciences
- University of Torino
- 10126 Torino
- Italy
| | - S. M. Harris
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Minnesota
- Minneapolis
- USA
| | - D. L. Longo
- Molecular Imaging Center
- Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Sciences
- University of Torino
- 10126 Torino
- Italy
| | - M. Botta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica
- Università del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”
- 15121 Alessandria
- Italy
| | - S. Aime
- Molecular Imaging Center
- Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Sciences
- University of Torino
- 10126 Torino
- Italy
| | - V. C. Pierre
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Minnesota
- Minneapolis
- USA
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15
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Mishra A, Pariani G, Oerther T, Schwaiger M, Westmeyer GG. Hyperpolarized Multi-Metal 13C-Sensors for Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Anal Chem 2016; 88:10790-10794. [PMID: 27766840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We introduce hyperpolarizable 13C-labeled probes that identify multiple biologically important divalent metals via metal-specific chemical shifts. These features enable NMR measurements of calcium concentrations in human serum in the presence of magnesium. In addition, signal enhancement through dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) increases the sensitivity of metal detection to afford measuring micromolar concentrations of calcium as well as simultaneous multi-metal detection by chemical shift imaging. The hyperpolarizable 13C-MRI sensors presented here enable sensitive NMR measurements and MR imaging of multiple divalent metals in opaque biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Mishra
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging & Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München , D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Giorgio Pariani
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging & Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München , D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Oerther
- Microimaging Applications, Bruker , 76287 Rheinstetten, Germany
| | - Markus Schwaiger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM) , Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Gil G Westmeyer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM) , Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675 Munich, Germany.,Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging & Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München , D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
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16
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Molecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging Probes Based on Ln3+ Complexes. ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adioch.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Stasiuk GJ, Minuzzi F, Sae-Heng M, Rivas C, Juretschke HP, Piemonti L, Allegrini PR, Laurent D, Duckworth AR, Beeby A, Rutter GA, Long NJ. Dual-modal magnetic resonance/fluorescent zinc probes for pancreatic β-cell mass imaging. Chemistry 2015; 21:5023-33. [PMID: 25736590 PMCID: PMC4464533 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite the contribution of changes in pancreatic β-cell mass to the development of all forms of diabetes mellitus, few robust approaches currently exist to monitor these changes prospectively in vivo. Although magnetic-resonance imaging (MRI) provides a potentially useful technique, targeting MRI-active probes to the β cell has proved challenging. Zinc ions are highly concentrated in the secretory granule, but they are relatively less abundant in the exocrine pancreas and in other tissues. We have therefore developed functional dual-modal probes based on transition-metal chelates capable of binding zinc. The first of these, Gd⋅1, binds Zn(II) directly by means of an amidoquinoline moiety (AQA), thus causing a large ratiometric Stokes shift in the fluorescence from λem =410 to 500 nm with an increase in relaxivity from r1 =4.2 up to 4.9 mM(-1) s(-1) . The probe is efficiently accumulated into secretory granules in β-cell-derived lines and isolated islets, but more poorly by non-endocrine cells, and leads to a reduction in T1 in human islets. In vivo murine studies of Gd⋅1 have shown accumulation of the probe in the pancreas with increased signal intensity over 140 minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme J Stasiuk
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College LondonSouth Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ (UK)
| | - Florencia Minuzzi
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of MedicineImperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN (UK)
| | - Myra Sae-Heng
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College LondonSouth Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ (UK)
| | - Charlotte Rivas
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College LondonSouth Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ (UK)
| | - Hans-Paul Juretschke
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D DSAR/BiomakersBiom & Biol Ass, FF, Industriepark Hoechst, Building H825, 65926 Frankfurt (Germany)
| | - Lorenzo Piemonti
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteVia Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano (Italy)
| | | | - Didier Laurent
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Fabrikstrasse10-2.40.4, 4056, Basel (Switzerland)
| | - Andrew R Duckworth
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South RoadDurham, DH1 3LE (UK)
| | - Andrew Beeby
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South RoadDurham, DH1 3LE (UK)
| | - Guy A Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of MedicineImperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN (UK)
| | - Nicholas J Long
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College LondonSouth Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ (UK)
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18
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Hagberg GE, Mamedov I, Power A, Beyerlein M, Merkle H, Kiselev VG, Dhingra K, Kubìček V, Angelovski G, Logothetis NK. Diffusion properties of conventional and calcium-sensitive MRI contrast agents in the rat cerebral cortex. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2014; 9:71-82. [PMID: 24470296 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Revised: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Calcium-sensitive MRI contrast agents can only yield quantitative results if the agent concentration in the tissue is known. The agent concentration could be determined by diffusion modeling, if relevant parameters were available. We have established an MRI-based method capable of determining diffusion properties of conventional and calcium-sensitive agents. Simulations and experiments demonstrate that the method is applicable both for conventional contrast agents with a fixed relaxivity value and for calcium-sensitive contrast agents. The full pharmacokinetic time-course of gadolinium concentration estimates was observed by MRI before, during and after intracerebral administration of the agent, and the effective diffusion coefficient D* was determined by voxel-wise fitting of the solution to the diffusion equation. The method yielded whole brain coverage with a high spatial and temporal sampling. The use of two types of MRI sequences for sampling of the diffusion time courses was investigated: Look-Locker-based quantitative T(1) mapping, and T(1) -weighted MRI. The observation times of the proposed MRI method is long (up to 20 h) and consequently the diffusion distances covered are also long (2-4 mm). Despite this difference, the D* values in vivo were in agreement with previous findings using optical measurement techniques, based on observation times of a few minutes. The effective diffusion coefficient determined for the calcium-sensitive contrast agents may be used to determine local tissue concentrations and to design infusion protocols that maintain the agent concentration at a steady state, thereby enabling quantitative sensing of the local calcium concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela E Hagberg
- Department for Physiology of Cognitive Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
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19
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Bonnet CS, Caillé F, Pallier A, Morfin JF, Petoud S, Suzenet F, Tóth É. Mechanistic studies of Gd3+-based MRI contrast agents for Zn2+ detection: towards rational design. Chemistry 2014; 20:10959-69. [PMID: 25116889 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel pyridine-based Gd(3+) complexes have been prepared and studied as potential MRI contrast agents for Zn(2+) detection. By independent assessment of molecular parameters affecting relaxivity, we could interpret the relaxivity changes observed upon Zn(2+) binding in terms of variations of the rotational motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia S Bonnet
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orléans (France).
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie C. Heffern
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - Lauren M. Matosziuk
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - Thomas J. Meade
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
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21
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Gottschalk S, Engelmann J, Rolla GA, Botta M, Parker D, Mishra A. Comparative in vitro studies of MR imaging probes for metabotropic glutamate subtype-5 receptor targeting. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 11:6131-41. [PMID: 23925571 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41297k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A series of magnetic resonance imaging probes has been evaluated to target selectively the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5). Eight imaging probes based on the contrast agent [Gd·DOTA], previously derived by linking it to a series of specific and selective mGluR5 antagonists, have been extensively tested for their functionality in vitro. The Nuclear Magnetic Relaxation Dispersion (NMRD) profiles of selected probes have been examined via field-cycling relaxometry in the presence and absence of a model protein. The properties of the targeted contrast agents were evaluated using a primary astrocyte model, as these cells mimic the in vivo situation effectively. The probes were non-toxic (up to 200 μM) to these mGluR5 expressing primary cells. Cellular proton longitudinal relaxation rate enhancements of up to 35% were observed by MRI at 200 μM of probe concentration. The antagonistic effect of all compounds was tested using an assay measuring changes of intracellular calcium levels. Furthermore, treatment at two different temperatures (4 °C vs. 37 °C) and of an mGluR5-negative cell line provided further insight into the selectivity and specificity of these probes towards cell surface mGluR5. Finally, two out of eight probes demonstrated an antagonistic effect as well as significant enhancement of receptor mediated cellular relaxation rates, strongly suggesting that they would be viable probes for the mapping of mGluR5 by MRI in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Gottschalk
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Spemannstrasse 41, Tuebingen, D-72076, Germany.
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22
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Mishra A, Mishra R, Gottschalk S, Pal R, Sim N, Engelmann J, Goldberg M, Parker D. Microscopic visualization of metabotropic glutamate receptors on the surface of living cells using bifunctional magnetic resonance imaging probes. ACS Chem Neurosci 2014; 5:128-37. [PMID: 24251400 DOI: 10.1021/cn400175m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of bimodal metabotropic glutamate-receptor targeted MRI contrast agents has been developed and evaluated, based on established competitive metabotropic Glu receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5) antagonists. In order to directly visualize mGluR5 binding of these agents on the surface of live astrocytes, variations in the core structure were made. A set of gadolinium conjugates containing either a cyanine dye or a fluorescein moiety was accordingly prepared, to allow visualization by optical microscopy in cellulo. In each case, surface receptor binding was compromised and cell internalization observed. Another approach, examining the location of a terbium analogue via sensitized emission, also exhibited nonspecific cell uptake in neuronal cell line models. Finally, biotin derivatives of two lead compounds were prepared, and the specificity of binding to the mGluR5 cell surface receptors was demonstrated with the aid of their fluorescently labeled avidin conjugates, using both total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) and confocal microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sven Gottschalk
- High Field MR Centre, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Spemannstrasse 41, Tuebingen 72076, Germany
| | | | | | - Joern Engelmann
- High Field MR Centre, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Spemannstrasse 41, Tuebingen 72076, Germany
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23
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Verma KD, Forgács A, Uh H, Beyerlein M, Maier ME, Petoud S, Botta M, Logothetis NK. New calcium-selective smart contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging. Chemistry 2013; 19:18011-26. [PMID: 24353083 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Calcium plays a vital role in the human body and especially in the central nervous system. Precise maintenance of Ca(2+) levels is very crucial for normal cell physiology and health. The deregulation of calcium homeostasis can lead to neuronal cell death and brain damage. To study this functional role played by Ca(2+) in the brain noninvasively by using magnetic resonance imaging, we have synthesized a new set of Ca(2+) -sensitive smart contrast agents (CAs). The agents were found to be highly selective to Ca(2+) in the presence of other competitive anions and cations in buffer and in physiological fluids. The structure of CAs comprises Gd(3+)-DO3A (DO3A=1,4,7-tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane) coupled to a Ca(2+) chelator o-amino phenol-N,N,O-triacetate (APTRA). The agents are designed to sense Ca(2+) present in extracellular fluid of the brain where its concentration is relatively high, that is, 1.2-0.8 mM. The determined dissociation constant of the CAs to Ca(2+) falls in the range required to sense and report changes in extracellular Ca(2+) levels followed by an increase in neural activity. In buffer, with the addition of Ca(2+) the increase in relaxivity ranged from 100-157%, the highest ever known for any T1-based Ca(2+)-sensitive smart CA. The CAs were analyzed extensively by the measurement of luminescence lifetime measurement on Tb(3+) analogues, nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion (NMRD), and (17)O NMR transverse relaxation and shift experiments. The results obtained confirmed that the large relaxivity enhancement observed upon Ca(2+) addition is due to the increase of the hydration state of the complexes together with the slowing down of the molecular rotation and the retention of a significant contribution of the water molecules of the second sphere of hydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Dhingra Verma
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Dept. of Physiology of Cognitive Processes, 72076 Tübingen (Germany); Present address: Case NFCR Center for Imaging Research, Dept. of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (USA).
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24
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Abstract
Biomedical imaging techniques can provide a vast amount of anatomical information, enabling diagnosis and the monitoring of disease and treatment profile. MRI uniquely offers convenient, non-invasive, high resolution tomographic imaging. A considerable amount of effort has been invested, across several decades, in the design of non toxic paramagnetic contrast agents capable of enhancing positive MRI signal contrast. Recently, focus has shifted towards the development of agents capable of specifically reporting on their local biochemical environment, where a switch in image contrast is triggered by a specific stimulus/biochemical variable. Such an ability would not only strengthen diagnosis but also provide unique disease-specific biochemical insight. This feature article focuses on recent progress in the development of MRI contrast switching with molecular, macromolecular and nanoparticle-based agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma-Louise Davies
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK.
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25
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Notni J, Hermann P, Dregely I, Wester HJ. Convenient Synthesis of68Ga-Labeled Gadolinium(III) Complexes: Towards Bimodal Responsive Probes for Functional Imaging with PET/MRI. Chemistry 2013; 19:12602-6. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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26
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Tu C, Louie AY. Strategies for the development of gadolinium-based 'q'-activatable MRI contrast agents. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2013; 26:781-787. [PMID: 23015370 PMCID: PMC3586386 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.2870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The emergence and rapid development of activatable contrast agents (CAs), whose relaxivity changes in response to the variation of a specific marker in the surrounding physiological microenvironment, have expanded the scope of MRI beyond anatomical and functional imaging to also convey information at the cellular and molecular level. The essence of an activatable MRI CA is the difference in relaxivity before and after a change in a physiological variable: the larger the difference, the better the CA. In this review, strategies for the design of activatable gadolinium CAs, with a switching mechanism based on the modulation of hydration (q), sensitive to common variables in the physiological microenvironment, such as pH, light, redox and metal ions, are illustrated and discussed.
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27
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De Leon-Rodriguez L, Lubag AJM, Sherry AD. Imaging free zinc levels in vivo - what can be learned? Inorganica Chim Acta 2012; 393:12-23. [PMID: 23180883 PMCID: PMC3501686 DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2012.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Our ever-expanding knowledge about the role of zinc in biology includes its role in redox modulation, immune response, neurotransmission, reproduction, diabetes, cancer, and Alzheimers disease is galvanizing interest in detecting and monitoring the various forms of Zn(II) in biological systems. This paper reviews reported strategies for detecting and tracking of labile or "free" unchelated Zn(II) in tissues. While different bound structural forms of Zn(II) have been identified and studied in vitro by multiple techniques, very few molecular imaging methods have successfully tracked the ion in vivo. A number of MRI and optical strategies have now been reported for detection of free Zn(II) in cells and tissues but only a few have been applied successfully in vivo. A recent report of a MRI sensor for in vivo tracking of Zn(II) released from pancreatic β-cells during insulin secretion exemplifies the promise of rational design of new Zn(II) sensors for tracking this biologically important ion in vivo. Such studies promise to provide new insights into zinc trafficking in vivo and the critical role of this ion in many human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis De Leon-Rodriguez
- Departamento de Quimica. Universidad de Guanajuato. Cerro de la Venada S.N. Col. Pueblito de Rocha., Guanajuato, Gto. Mexico, C.P, 36040
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28
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Promising strategies for Gd-based responsive magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2012; 17:158-66. [PMID: 23141598 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging is a powerful imaging modality that is often coupled with paramagnetic contrast agents based on gadolinium to enhance sensitivity and image quality. Responsive contrast agents are key to furthering the diagnostic potential of MRI, both to provide anatomical information and to discern biochemical activity. Recent design of responsive gadolinium-based T₁ agents has made interesting progress, with the development of novel complexes which sense their chemical environment through changes in the coordination of water molecules, the molecular tumbling time or the number of metal centres. Particular promising design strategies include the use of multimeric systems, and the development of dual imaging probes.
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29
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Laakso J, Rosser GA, Szíjjártó C, Beeby A, Borbas KE. Synthesis of chlorin-sensitized near infrared-emitting lanthanide complexes. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:10366-74. [PMID: 22978627 DOI: 10.1021/ic3015354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lanthanide (Yb(3+), Nd(3+)) complexes equipped with red-absorbing hydroporphyrin (chlorin) antennae were synthesized and characterized. The syntheses are scalable, highly modular, and enable the introduction of different chlorins functionalized with a single reactive group (COOH or NH(2)). Absorption maxima were dependent on chlorin substitution pattern (monomeso aryl or dimeso aryl) and metalation state (free base or zinc chelate). The complexes benefit from dual chlorin (610-639 nm) and lanthanide (980 or 1065 nm for Yb- or Nd-complexes, respectively) emission in the biologically relevant red and near IR region of the spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Laakso
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
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30
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Harvey P, Chalmers KH, De Luca E, Mishra A, Parker D. Paramagnetic 19F chemical shift probes that respond selectively to calcium or citrate levels and signal ester hydrolysis. Chemistry 2012; 18:8748-57. [PMID: 22689478 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Paramagnetic magnetic resonance chemical shift probes containing a proximal CF(3) group have been characterised. Different systems have been created that report reversible changes in calcium ion concentrations in the millimolar regime, signal the presence of citrate selectively in competitive aqueous media and allow the monitoring of remote ester/amide hydrolysis in relayed, irreversible transformations. Chemical shift non-equivalence is amplified by the presence of the proximate lanthanide ion, with a mean separation between the CF(3) group and the metal ion of 6.4 Å found for a thulium complex, in an X-ray structure of the metal complex aqua adduct. The enhanced rate of longitudinal relaxation of the (19)F nucleus allows faster data acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Harvey
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
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31
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Que EL, New EJ, Chang CJ. A cell-permeable gadolinium contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging of copper in a Menkes disease model. Chem Sci 2012; 3:1829-1834. [PMID: 25431649 DOI: 10.1039/c2sc20273e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We present the synthesis and characterization of octaarginine-conjugated Copper-Gad-2 (Arg8CG2), a new copper-responsive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent that combines a Gd3+-DO3A scaffold with a thioether-rich receptor for copper recognition. The inclusion of a polyarginine appendage leads to a marked increase in cellular uptake compared to previously reported MRI-based copper sensors of the CG family. Arg8CG2 exhibits a 220% increase in relaxivity (r1 = 3.9 to 12.5 mM-1 s-1) upon 1 : 1 binding with Cu+, with a highly selective response to Cu+ over other biologically relevant metal ions. Moreover, Arg8CG2 accumulates in cells at nine-fold greater concentrations than the parent CG2 lacking the polyarginine functionality and is retained well in the cell after washing. In cellulo relaxivity measurements and T1-weighted phantom images using a Menkes disease model cell line demonstrate the utility of Arg8CG2 to report on biological perturbations of exchangeable copper pools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Que
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Elizabeth J New
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Christopher J Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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32
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McMahon BK, Gunnlaugsson T. Selective Detection of the Reduced Form of Glutathione (GSH) over the Oxidized (GSSG) Form Using a Combination of Glutathione Reductase and a Tb(III)-Cyclen Maleimide Based Lanthanide Luminescent ‘Switch On’ Assay. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:10725-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ja300887k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian K. McMahon
- School of Chemistry, Center
for Synthesis and Chemical
Biology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin
2, Ireland
| | - Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
- School of Chemistry, Center
for Synthesis and Chemical
Biology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin
2, Ireland
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33
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Is there a path beyond BOLD? Molecular imaging of brain function. Neuroimage 2012; 62:1208-15. [PMID: 22406355 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.02.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 02/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The dependence of BOLD on neuro-vascular coupling leaves it many biological steps removed from direct monitoring of neural function. MRI based approaches have been developed aimed at reporting more directly on brain function. These include: manganese enhanced MRI as a surrogate for calcium ion influx; agents responsive to calcium concentrations; approaches to measure membrane potential; agents to measure neurotransmitters; and strategies to measure gene expression. This work has led to clever design of molecular imaging tools and many contributions to studies of brain function in animal models. However, a robust approach that has potential to get MRI closer to neurons in the human brain has not yet emerged.
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34
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Mishra A, Gottschalk S, Engelmann J, Parker D. Responsive imaging probes for metabotropic glutamate receptors. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1sc00418b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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35
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Mishra A, Schüz A, Engelmann J, Beyerlein M, Logothetis NK, Canals S. Biocytin-derived MRI contrast agent for longitudinal brain connectivity studies. ACS Chem Neurosci 2011; 2:578-87. [PMID: 22860157 DOI: 10.1021/cn200022m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the connectivity of brain networks noninvasively and dynamically, we have developed a new strategy to functionalize neuronal tracers and designed a biocompatible probe that can be visualized in vivo using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Furthermore, the multimodal design used allows combined ex vivo studies with microscopic spatial resolution by conventional histochemical techniques. We present data on the functionalization of biocytin, a well-known neuronal tract tracer, and demonstrate the validity of the approach by showing brain networks of cortical connectivity in live rats under MRI, together with the corresponding microscopic details, such as fibers and neuronal morphology under light microscopy. We further demonstrate that the developed molecule is the first MRI-visible probe to preferentially trace retrograde connections. Our study offers a new platform for the development of multimodal molecular imaging tools of broad interest in neuroscience, that capture in vivo the dynamics of large scale neural networks together with their microscopic characteristics, thereby spanning several organizational levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nikos K. Logothetis
- Imaging Science and Biomedical Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, England
| | - Santiago Canals
- Instituto de Neurociencias CSIC-UMH, Campus de San Juan, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain
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