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Zhu C, Saquet A, Maraval V, Bijani C, Cui X, Poater A, Chauvin R. From Stilbenes to carbo-Stilbenes: an Encouraging Prospect. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400451. [PMID: 38407368 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Beyond previously described carbo-naphthalene and carbo-biphenyl, a novel type of bis-carbo-benzenic molecules is envisaged from the stilbene parent. The synthesis, structure, spectroscopic and electrochemical properties of two such carbo-stilbenes are described at complementary experimental and computational DFT levels. In the selected targets, the bare skeletal carbo-mer of carbo-stilbene is decorated by 8 or 10 phenyl groups, 0 or 2 tert-butyl groups, and 2 n-octyl chains, the later substituents being introduced to compensate anticipated solubility issues. As in the parent stilbene series, isomers of the phenylated carbo-stilbenes are characterized. The cis- and trans-isomers are, however, formed in almost equal amounts and could not be separated by either chromatography or crystallization. Nevertheless, due to a slow interconversion at the NMR time scale (up to 55 °C) the 1H NMR signals of both isomers of the two carbo-stilbenes could be tentatively assigned. The calculated structure of the cis-isomer exhibits a helical shape, consistent with the observed magnetic shielding of phenyl p-CH nuclei residing inside the shielding cone of the facing C18 ring. The presence of the two isomers in solution also gives rise to quite broad UV-vis absorption spectra with main bands at ca 460, 560 and 710 nm, and a significant bathochromic shift for the decaphenylated carbo-stilbene vs the di-tert-butyl-octaphenylated counterpart. Square wave voltammograms do not show any resolution of the two isomers, giving a reversible reduction wave at -0.65 or -0.58 V/SCE, and an irreversible oxidation peak at 1.11 V/SCE, those values being classical for most carbo-benzene derivatives. Calculated NICS values (NICS(1)=-12.5±0.2 ppm) also indicate that the aromatic nature of the C18 rings is not markedly affected by the dialkynylbutatriene (DAB) connector between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongwei Zhu
- Faculté Science et Ingénierie - Département de Chimie., Unsaturated molecules for physics, biology and chemistry group., Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31-062, Toulouse Cedex 09, France
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Alix Saquet
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Valérie Maraval
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Xiuling Cui
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/ Mª Aurèlia, Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Remi Chauvin
- Faculté Science et Ingénierie - Département de Chimie., Unsaturated molecules for physics, biology and chemistry group., Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31-062, Toulouse Cedex 09, France
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
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Johnson MA, Martin M, Cocq K, Ferguson M, Jux N, Tykwinski RR. Acylation of Hexaphenylbenzene for the Synthesis of [5]Cumulenes. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Max Martin
- FAU Erlangen Nuremberg: Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Kévin Cocq
- University of Alberta Department of Chemistry CANADA
| | | | - Norbert Jux
- FAU: Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Rik R. Tykwinski
- University of Alberta Department of Chemistry T6G 2G2 Edmonton CANADA
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Zhu C, Poater A, Duhayon C, Kauffmann B, Saquet A, Rives A, Maraval V, Chauvin R. Carbo-mer of Barrelene: A Rigid 3D-Carbon-Expanded Molecular Barrel. Chemistry 2021; 27:9286-9291. [PMID: 33900649 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
After extensive studies of 1D and 2D skeletal carbo-mers based on C8 π-conjugating dialkynylbutatriene units (DABs: ∼C≡C-(R)C=C=C=C(R)-C≡C∼) bridging sp or sp2 centers in carbo-butene, carbo-xylylene or carbo-benzene derivatives, 3D versions are envisaged through carbo-barrelenes and partially reduced derivatives thereof where two or three DAB blades span a bridge between sp3 carbinol vertices or ether thereof. For R=Ph, stable representatives were synthesized through a pivotal [6]pericyclynedione, and extensively characterized by spectroscopic, electrochemical and crystallographic methods. Density functional theory calculations allow detailed analysis of structural and electronic features of the 7 Å high C26 barrel-shaped molecules, and show that they can behave as cages for ionic species. Beyond aesthetical concerns, the results could open prospects of applications in host-guest supramolecular chemistry and single molecule charge transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongwei Zhu
- LCC-CNRS, University of Toulouse, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Carine Duhayon
- LCC-CNRS, University of Toulouse, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Brice Kauffmann
- CNRS, INSERM, UMS3033/US001, Institut Européen de Chimie Biologie, Université de Bordeaux, 33607, Pessac, France
| | - Alix Saquet
- LCC-CNRS, University of Toulouse, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Arnaud Rives
- LCC-CNRS, University of Toulouse, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Valérie Maraval
- LCC-CNRS, University of Toulouse, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Remi Chauvin
- LCC-CNRS, University of Toulouse, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077, Toulouse, France
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Rullièrea P, Lizeauxa F, Jolyb E, Ballereaua S, Gasparda H, Maravalc V, Chauvinc R, Génissona Y. Fluorinated analogues of lipidic dialkynylcarbinol pharmacophores: synthesis and cytotoxicity in HCT116 cancer cells. FRENCH-UKRAINIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.17721/fujcv7i1p1-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipidic alkynylcarbinols (LACs) have been identified as potential antitumor compounds, and a thorough understanding of their pharmacophoric environment is now required to elucidate their biological mode of action. In the dialkynylcarbinol (DAC) series, a specific study of the pharmacophore potential has been undertaken by focusing on the synthesis of three fluorinated derivatives followed by their biological evaluation. This work highlights the requirement of an electron-rich secondary carbinol center as a key structure for cytotoxicity in HCT116 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Etienne Jolyb
- UMR CNRS 5089, IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale)
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Karras M, Holec J, Bednárová L, Pohl R, Schmidt B, Stará IG, Starý I. Asymmetric Synthesis of Nonracemic 2-Amino[6]helicenes and Their Self-Assembly into Langmuir Films. J Org Chem 2018; 83:5523-5538. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Karras
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Universitaet Potsdam, Institut fuer Chemie, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Jan Holec
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Bednárová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Pohl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Bernd Schmidt
- Universitaet Potsdam, Institut fuer Chemie, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Irena G. Stará
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Starý
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Baglai I, Ramos-Ortiz G, Maldonado JL, Voitenko Z, Maraval V, Chauvin C. A difluorenyl-carbo-cyclohexadiene: prospective chromophore for two-photon absorption. FRENCH-UKRAINIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.17721/fujcv6i2p9-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
For the purpose of outlining structure-property relationships for two-photon absorption (2PA), a "s-locked" carbo-cyclohexadiene with two fluorenyl substituents has been envisaged for comparison with previously studied aromatic carbo-benzene and non-aromatic carbo-quinoid congeners. A representative where the C10-π-conjugated fluorenyl moieties are also connected by a C8-π-insulating 3,6‐dimethoxy‐3,6‐bis(trifluoromethyl)octa‐1,4,7‐triyn-1,8-diyl edge has thus been synthesized in four steps from known C8F triyne and C10 triynyldial, through a [8F+10] cyclization process. In spite of a relatively strong absorbance (e = 84 800 L.mol-1.cm-1 at 634 nm), the non-vanishing green fluorescence (at 533 nm) of the chromophore should allow measurements of the 2PA cross section by both the TPEF and Z-scan methods.
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Gawel P, Wu YL, Finke AD, Trapp N, Zalibera M, Boudon C, Gisselbrecht JP, Schweizer WB, Gescheidt G, Diederich F. Push-Pull Buta-1,2,3-trienes: Exceptionally Low Rotational Barriers of Cumulenic CC Bonds and Proacetylenic Reactivity. Chemistry 2015; 21:6215-25. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Rives A, Baglai I, Barthes C, Maraval V, Saffon-Merceron N, Saquet A, Voitenko Z, Volovenko Y, Chauvin R. Carbo-cyclohexadienes vs. carbo-benzenes: structure and conjugative properties. Chem Sci 2015; 6:1139-1149. [PMID: 29560201 PMCID: PMC5811109 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc02742f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ideally Cs-/C2v-symmetric chromophores, constituted by two electro-active groups conjugated through the carbo-mer of the cyclohexa-1,3-diene core, are selectively prepared by the SnCl2-mediated reduction of tailored hexaoxy-[6]pericyclynes: in the latter substrates, one of the 1,4-dioxybut-2-yne edges is "chemically locked" by two CF3 substituents preventing complete reduction to the corresponding aromatic carbo-benzenic core, which is expected to be more "π-insulating" between the electro-active ends. The bis-trifluoromethylated carbo-cyclohexadiene products are also shown to be significantly stabilized with respect to their bis-phenylated analogues. Their structural (crystal X-ray diffraction analyses), spectroscopical (NMR and UV-vis spectra), physio-optical (dichromism in solution) and electrochemical (cyclic voltammograms) properties are compared on the basis of the electron-donating/electron-withdrawing nature of the substituents. These properties are also compared with those of their aromatic carbo-benzene and flexible carbo-n-butadiene counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Rives
- CNRS , LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination) , 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099 , F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 , France . ;
- Université de Toulouse , UPS , Institut de Chimie de Toulouse , ICT-FR2599, 118 Route de Narbonne , F-31062 Toulouse , France
| | - Iaroslav Baglai
- CNRS , LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination) , 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099 , F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 , France . ;
- Université de Toulouse , UPS , Institut de Chimie de Toulouse , ICT-FR2599, 118 Route de Narbonne , F-31062 Toulouse , France
- Kiev National Taras Shevchenko University , 60 Volodymlyrska St , 01033 Kiev , Ukraine
| | - Cécile Barthes
- CNRS , LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination) , 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099 , F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 , France . ;
- Université de Toulouse , UPS , Institut de Chimie de Toulouse , ICT-FR2599, 118 Route de Narbonne , F-31062 Toulouse , France
| | - Valérie Maraval
- CNRS , LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination) , 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099 , F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 , France . ;
- Université de Toulouse , UPS , Institut de Chimie de Toulouse , ICT-FR2599, 118 Route de Narbonne , F-31062 Toulouse , France
| | - Nathalie Saffon-Merceron
- Université de Toulouse , UPS , Institut de Chimie de Toulouse , ICT-FR 2599, 118 route de Narbonne , 31062 Toulouse , France
| | - Alix Saquet
- CNRS , LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination) , 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099 , F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 , France . ;
- Université de Toulouse , UPS , Institut de Chimie de Toulouse , ICT-FR2599, 118 Route de Narbonne , F-31062 Toulouse , France
| | - Zoia Voitenko
- Kiev National Taras Shevchenko University , 60 Volodymlyrska St , 01033 Kiev , Ukraine
| | - Yulian Volovenko
- Kiev National Taras Shevchenko University , 60 Volodymlyrska St , 01033 Kiev , Ukraine
| | - Remi Chauvin
- CNRS , LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination) , 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099 , F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 , France . ;
- Université de Toulouse , UPS , Institut de Chimie de Toulouse , ICT-FR2599, 118 Route de Narbonne , F-31062 Toulouse , France
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Barthes C, Rives A, Maraval V, Chelain E, Brigaud T, Chauvin R. First example of ring carbomer of 1,4-cyclohexadiene. FRENCH-UKRAINIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.17721/fujcv3i1p60-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While a series of carbo-mers of 1,3-cyclohexadienes was reported through the use of a specifically developed synthetic strategy, no example of their 1,4-regioisomers was known. Inspired by the methodology elaborated for the preparation of the 1,3-isomers, the synthesis of the first example of carbo-mer of 1,4-cyclohexadiene is presented. Comparison of physico-chemical properties of this first representative with those of the recently described 1,4-regioisomer, especially UV-vis absorption properties, is also addressed.
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Cocq K, Lepetit C, Maraval V, Chauvin R. “Carbo-aromaticity” and novel carbo-aromatic compounds. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:6535-59. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00244c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in experimental and theoretical studies ofcarbo-benzene derivatives, along with the proposition of a generalization of the definition of aromaticity to the two-membered π-rings of triple bonds, suggest relevance for the notion of “carbo-aromaticity”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Cocq
- CNRS
- LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination)
- 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4
- France
- Université de Toulouse
| | - Christine Lepetit
- CNRS
- LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination)
- 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4
- France
- Université de Toulouse
| | - Valérie Maraval
- CNRS
- LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination)
- 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4
- France
- Université de Toulouse
| | - Remi Chauvin
- CNRS
- LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination)
- 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4
- France
- Université de Toulouse
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Rives A, Maraval V, Saffon-Merceron N, Chauvin R. Functionalcarbo-Butadienes: Nonaromatic Conjugation Effects through a 14-Carbon, 24-π-Electron Backbone. Chemistry 2013; 20:483-92. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Rives A, Maraval V, Saffon-Merceron N, Chauvin R. First Perphenylatedcarbo-Oligoacetylenes: An Extension of the Polytriacetylene Family. Chemistry 2012; 18:14702-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Nechab M, Vanthuyne N. Synthesis of Enantiopure Tertiary Skipped Diynes via One-Pot Desymmetrizing TMS-Cleavage. Org Lett 2012; 14:3974-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol3017462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Malek Nechab
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, 13397 Cedex 20, Marseille, France, and Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, ISM2, 13397 Cedex 20, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, 13397 Cedex 20, Marseille, France, and Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, ISM2, 13397 Cedex 20, Marseille, France
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Wu YL, Tancini F, Schweizer WB, Paunescu D, Boudon C, Gisselbrecht JP, Jarowski PD, Dalcanale E, Diederich F. Proacetylenic Reactivity of a Push-Pull Buta-1,2,3-triene: New Chromophores and Supramolecular Systems. Chem Asian J 2012; 7:1185-90. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201100997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Leroyer L, Lepetit C, Rives A, Maraval V, Saffon-Merceron N, Kandaskalov D, Kieffer D, Chauvin R. From Hexaoxy-[6]Pericyclynes toCarbo-Cyclohexadienes,Carbo-Benzenes, and Dihydro-Carbo-Benzenes: Synthesis, Structure, and Chromophoric and Redox Properties. Chemistry 2012; 18:3226-40. [PMID: 22322587 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Léo Leroyer
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 Route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, France
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Hwang S, Bae H, Kim S, Kim S. An efficient and high-yielding one-pot synthesis of 4-acyl-1,2,3-triazoles via triisopropylsilyl-protected ynones. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Rives A, Baglai I, Malytskyi V, Maraval V, Saffon-Merceron N, Voitenko Z, Chauvin R. Highly π electron-rich macro-aromatics: bis(p-aminophenyl)-carbo-benzenes and their DBA acyclic references. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:8763-5. [PMID: 22836347 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc34176j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Rives
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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18
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Leroyer L, Maraval V, Chauvin R. Synthesis of the Butatriene C4 Function: Methodology and Applications. Chem Rev 2011; 112:1310-43. [DOI: 10.1021/cr200239h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Léo Leroyer
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC), CNRS, 205, route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- UPS, INPT, LCC, Université de Toulouse, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Valérie Maraval
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC), CNRS, 205, route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- UPS, INPT, LCC, Université de Toulouse, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Remi Chauvin
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC), CNRS, 205, route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- UPS, INPT, LCC, Université de Toulouse, F-31077 Toulouse, France
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