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Cao H, Xiong SF, Dong LL, Dai ZT. Study on the Mechanism of Lipid Peroxidation Induced by Carbonate Radicals. Molecules 2024; 29:1125. [PMID: 38474637 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Based on the reported research, hydroxyl radicals can be rapidly transformed into carbonate radicals in the carbonate-bicarbonate buffering system in vivo. Many of the processes considered to be initiated by hydroxyl radicals may be caused by carbonate radicals, which indicates that lipid peroxidation initiated by hydroxyl radicals can also be caused by carbonate radicals. To date, theoretical research on reactions of hydrogen abstraction from and radical addition to polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) of carbonate radicals has not been carried out systematically. This paper employs (3Z,6Z)-nona-3,6-diene (NDE) as a model for polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Density functional theory (DFT) with the CAM-B3LYP method at the 6-311+g(d,p) level was used to calculate the differences in reactivity of carbonate radicals abstracting hydrogen from different positions of NDE and their addition to the double bonds of NDE under lipid solvent conditions with a dielectric constant of 4.0 (CPCM model). Grimme's empirical dispersion correction was taken into account through the D3 scheme. The energy barrier, reaction rate constants, internal energy, enthalpy and Gibbs free energy changes in these reactions were calculated With zero-point vibrational energy (ZPVE) corrections. The results indicated that carbonate radicals initiate lipid peroxidation primarily through hydrogen abstraction from diallyl carbon atoms. The reaction of hydrogen abstraction from diallyl carbon atoms exhibits the highest reaction rate, with a reaction rate constant approximately 43-fold greater than the second-ranked hydrogen abstraction from allyl carbon atoms. This process has the lowest energy barrier, internal energy, enthalpy, and Gibbs free energy changes, indicating that it is also the most spontaneous process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Cao
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Sheng-Feng Xiong
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Li-Long Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
| | - Zhou-Tong Dai
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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El Ouardi M, Tamarit L, Vayá I, Miranda MA, Andreu I. Cellular photo(geno)toxicity of gefitinib after biotransformation. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1208075. [PMID: 37351506 PMCID: PMC10283009 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1208075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Gefitinib (GFT) is a selective epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor clinically used for the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Bioactivation by mainly Phase I hepatic metabolism leads to chemically reactive metabolites such as O-Demethyl gefitinib (DMT-GFT), 4-Defluoro-4-hydroxy gefitinib (DF-GFT), and O-Demorpholinopropyl gefitinib (DMOR-GFT), which display an enhanced UV-light absorption. In this context, the aim of the present study is to investigate the capability of gefitinib metabolites to induce photosensitivity disorders and to elucidate the involved mechanisms. According to the neutral red uptake (NRU) phototoxicity test, only DF-GFT metabolite can be considered non-phototoxic to cells with a photoirritation factor (PIF) close to 1. Moreover, DMOR-GFT is markedly more phototoxic than the parent drug (PIF = 48), whereas DMT-GFT is much less phototoxic (PIF = 7). Using the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) method as an indicator of lipid photoperoxidation, only DMOR-GFT has demonstrated the ability to photosensitize this process, resulting in a significant amount of TBARS (similar to ketoprofen, which was used as the positive control). Protein photooxidation monitored by 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) derivatization method is mainly mediated by GFT and, to a lesser extent, by DMOR-GFT; in contrast, protein oxidation associated with DMT-GFT is nearly negligible. Interestingly, the damage to cellular DNA as revealed by the comet assay, indicates that DMT-GFT has the highest photogenotoxic potential; moreover, the DNA damage induced by this metabolite is hardly repaired by the cells after a time recovery of 18 h. This could ultimately result in mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. These results could aid oncologists when prescribing TKIs to cancer patients and, thus, establish the conditions of use and recommend photoprotection guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem El Ouardi
- Departamento de Química-Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación UPV- IIS La Fe, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lorena Tamarit
- Departamento de Química-Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación UPV- IIS La Fe, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ignacio Vayá
- Departamento de Química-Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación UPV- IIS La Fe, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Miranda
- Departamento de Química-Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación UPV- IIS La Fe, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Andreu
- Departamento de Química-Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación UPV- IIS La Fe, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
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Dormán G, Nakamura H, Pulsipher A, Prestwich GD. The Life of Pi Star: Exploring the Exciting and Forbidden Worlds of the Benzophenone Photophore. Chem Rev 2016; 116:15284-15398. [PMID: 27983805 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The widespread applications of benzophenone (BP) photochemistry in biological chemistry, bioorganic chemistry, and material science have been prominent in both academic and industrial research. BP photophores have unique photochemical properties: upon n-π* excitation at 365 nm, a biradicaloid triplet state is formed reversibly, which can abstract a hydrogen atom from accessible C-H bonds; the radicals subsequently recombine, creating a stable covalent C-C bond. This light-directed covalent attachment process is exploited in many different ways: (i) binding/contact site mapping of ligand (or protein)-protein interactions; (ii) identification of molecular targets and interactome mapping; (iii) proteome profiling; (iv) bioconjugation and site-directed modification of biopolymers; (v) surface grafting and immobilization. BP photochemistry also has many practical advantages, including low reactivity toward water, stability in ambient light, and the convenient excitation at 365 nm. In addition, several BP-containing building blocks and reagents are commercially available. In this review, we explore the "forbidden" (transitions) and excitation-activated world of photoinduced covalent attachment of BP photophores by touring a colorful palette of recent examples. In this exploration, we will see the pros and cons of using BP photophores, and we hope that both novice and expert photolabelers will enjoy and be inspired by the breadth and depth of possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Dormán
- Targetex llc , Dunakeszi H-2120, Hungary.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged , Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology , Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Abigail Pulsipher
- GlycoMira Therapeutics, Inc. , Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, United States.,Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology - Sinus and Skull Base Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine , Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, United States
| | - Glenn D Prestwich
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology - Sinus and Skull Base Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine , Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, United States
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Cai X, Yang Q, Wang S. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of a pigment–protein complex from Chlorella vulgaris on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in vivo. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra17544e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A pigment–protein complex isolated from Chlorella exhibited significant antioxidant activity in vitro and manifested discernible protective action in CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Cai
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350108
- China
- College of Biological Science and Technology
| | - Qian Yang
- College of Biological Science and Technology
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350108
- China
| | - Shaoyun Wang
- College of Biological Science and Technology
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350108
- China
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Cai X, Huang Q, Wang S. Isolation of a novel lutein–protein complex from Chlorella vulgaris and its functional properties. Food Funct 2015; 6:1893-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fo01096e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The natural lutein–protein complex (LPC) was first purified from Chlorella vulgaris. LPC showed significant radical scavenging effects in vitro and could significantly reduce CCl4-induced hepatic injury in vivo. LPC has the potential for use in making antioxidant dietary supplements for human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Cai
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350108
- China
| | - Qimin Huang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350108
- China
| | - Shaoyun Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350108
- China
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Andreu I, Neshchadin D, Batchelor SN, Miranda MA, Gescheidt G. Examples for biological reactivity involving free radicals followed by CIDNP. Mol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2013.809805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Neshchadin D, Palumbo F, Sinicropi MS, Andreu I, Gescheidt G, Miranda MA. Topological control in radical reactions of cholesterol in model dyads. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc22109a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Abstract
In this chapter, most of the reported work deals with the photochemistry of carbonyl compounds; however, the photoreactions of other functions, such as the photo-Claisen rearrangement or the photocleavage of cyclic ethers, are also included. In the present volume, time coverage is 2010–2011, and only original research articles are quoted. In general, reviews or purely theoretical calculations are not systematically included. As usually, the material is organized according to established types of reactions (e.g., Norrish I/II, hydrogen abstraction, Paternò-Büchi, photoelimination, photo-Fries/photo-Claisen, etc.). After presenting the basic photochemical aspects, more specific findings are reported. They include synthetic applications, stereoselectivity, and biological or technological implications. Next, the attention is focused on photochemical reactions in anisotropic media, including (micro)heterogeneous or supramolecular systems, solid matrixes or fully organized crystals. Finally, mechanistic studies based on direct experimental evidence are highlighted, especially when transient absorption spectroscopy or related ultrafast detection are employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Consuelo Jiménez
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC Universidad Politécnica de Valencia camino de Vera s/n, E-46022 Valencia Spain
| | - Miguel A. Miranda
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC Universidad Politécnica de Valencia camino de Vera s/n, E-46022 Valencia Spain
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Goez M. Elucidating organic reaction mechanisms using photo-CIDNP spectroscopy. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2012; 338:1-32. [PMID: 22911487 DOI: 10.1007/128_2012_348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
CIDNP (chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization) arises in radical pairs or biradicals but is detected in the diamagnetic reaction products. Hence, it can be used not only to identify and characterize both types of species but also to establish the pathways connecting precursors, paramagnetic intermediates and products, and to employ the polarizations as labels to individual nuclei. Recent applications of CIDNP to elucidate the mechanisms of photochemical reactions are reviewed, which illustrate all these facets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Goez
- Institut für Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany,
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