1
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Gui R, Jin H. Organic fluorophores-based molecular probes with dual-fluorescence ratiometric responses to in-vitro/in-vivo pH for biosensing, bioimaging and biotherapeutics applications. Talanta 2024; 275:126171. [PMID: 38703479 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, organic fluorophores-based molecular probes with dual-fluorescence ratiometric responses to in-vitro/in-vivo pH (DFR-MPs-pH) have been attracting much interest in fundamental application research fields. More and more scientific publications have reported the exploration of various DFR-MPs-pH systems that have unique dual-fluorescence ratiometry as the signal output, in-built and signal self-calibration functions to improve precise detection of targets. DFR-MPs-pH systems possess high-performance applications in biosensing, bioimaging and biomedicine fields. This review has comprehensively summarized recent advances of DFR-MPs-pH for the first time. First of all, the compositions and types of DFR-MPs-pH are introduced by summarizing different organic fluorophores-based molecule systems. Then, construction strategies are analyzed based on specific components, structures, properties and functions of DFR-MPs-pH. Afterward, biosensing and bioimaging applications are discussed in detail, primarily referring to pH sensing and imaging detection at the levels of living cells and small animals. Finally, biomedicine applications are fully summarized, majorly involving bio-toxicity evaluation, bio-distribution, biomedical diagnosis and therapeutics. Meanwhile, the current status, challenges and perspectives are rationally commented after detailed discussions of representative and state-of-the-art studies. Overall, this present review is comprehensive, in-time and in-depth, and can facilitate the following further exploration of new and versatile DFR-MPs-pH systems toward rational design, facile preparation, superior properties, adjustable functions and highly efficient applications in promising fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rijun Gui
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Intellectual Property Research Institute, Qingdao University, Shandong, 266071, PR China.
| | - Hui Jin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Intellectual Property Research Institute, Qingdao University, Shandong, 266071, PR China
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2
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Chen Y. Recent Advances in Excimer-Based Fluorescence Probes for Biological Applications. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238628. [PMID: 36500722 PMCID: PMC9741103 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The fluorescent probe is a powerful tool for biological sensing and optical imaging, which can directly display analytes at the molecular level. It provides not only direct visualization of biological structures and processes, but also the capability of drug delivery systems regarding the target therapy. Conventional fluorescent probes are mainly based on monomer emission which has two distinguishing shortcomings in practice: small Stokes shifts and short lifetimes. Compared with monomer-based emission, excimer-based fluorescent probes have large Stokes shifts and long lifetimes which benefit biological applications. Recent progress in excimer-based fluorescent sensors (organic small molecules only) for biological applications are highlighted in this review, including materials and mechanisms as well as their representative applications. The progress suggests that excimer-based fluorescent probes have advantages and potential for bioanalytical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, TIPC, CAS, Beijing 100190, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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3
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Bioorthogonal Ligation‐Activated Fluorogenic FRET Dyads. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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4
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Albitz E, Kern D, Kormos A, Bojtár M, Török G, Biró A, Szatmári Á, Németh K, Kele P. Bioorthogonal Ligation-Activated Fluorogenic FRET Dyads. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202111855. [PMID: 34861094 PMCID: PMC9305863 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
An energy transfer-based signal amplification relay concept enabling transmission of bioorthogonally activatable fluorogenicity of blue-excitable coumarins to yellow/red emitting cyanine frames is presented. Such relay mechanism resulted in improved cyanine fluorogenicities together with increased photostabilities and large apparent Stokes-shifts allowing lower background fluorescence even in no-wash bioorthogonal fluorogenic labeling schemes of intracellular structures in live cells. These energy transfer dyads sharing the same donor moiety together with their parent donor molecule allowed three-color imaging of intracellular targets using one single excitation source with separate emission windows. Sub-diffraction imaging of intracellular structures using the bioorthogonally activatable FRET dyads by STED microscopy is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelin Albitz
- Chemical Biology Research GroupInstitute of Organic ChemistryResearch Centre for Natural SciencesEötvös Loránd Research NetworkMagyar tudósok krt. 21117BudapestHungary
- Hevesy György PhD School of ChemistryEötvös Loránd UniversityPázmány Péter sétány 1/a1117BudapestHungary
| | - Dóra Kern
- Chemical Biology Research GroupInstitute of Organic ChemistryResearch Centre for Natural SciencesEötvös Loránd Research NetworkMagyar tudósok krt. 21117BudapestHungary
- Hevesy György PhD School of ChemistryEötvös Loránd UniversityPázmány Péter sétány 1/a1117BudapestHungary
| | - Attila Kormos
- Chemical Biology Research GroupInstitute of Organic ChemistryResearch Centre for Natural SciencesEötvös Loránd Research NetworkMagyar tudósok krt. 21117BudapestHungary
| | - Márton Bojtár
- Chemical Biology Research GroupInstitute of Organic ChemistryResearch Centre for Natural SciencesEötvös Loránd Research NetworkMagyar tudósok krt. 21117BudapestHungary
| | - György Török
- Chemical Biology Research GroupInstitute of Organic ChemistryResearch Centre for Natural SciencesEötvös Loránd Research NetworkMagyar tudósok krt. 21117BudapestHungary
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation BiologySemmelweis UniversityTűzoltó u. 37–471094BudapestHungary
| | - Adrienn Biró
- Chemical Biology Research GroupInstitute of Organic ChemistryResearch Centre for Natural SciencesEötvös Loránd Research NetworkMagyar tudósok krt. 21117BudapestHungary
| | - Ágnes Szatmári
- Chemical Biology Research GroupInstitute of Organic ChemistryResearch Centre for Natural SciencesEötvös Loránd Research NetworkMagyar tudósok krt. 21117BudapestHungary
| | - Krisztina Németh
- Chemical Biology Research GroupInstitute of Organic ChemistryResearch Centre for Natural SciencesEötvös Loránd Research NetworkMagyar tudósok krt. 21117BudapestHungary
| | - Péter Kele
- Chemical Biology Research GroupInstitute of Organic ChemistryResearch Centre for Natural SciencesEötvös Loránd Research NetworkMagyar tudósok krt. 21117BudapestHungary
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5
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Yu B, Zhou Y, Dou L, Li Y, Huang Z. A Xanthene Dye-based Sensor for Viscosity and Cell Imaging. J Fluoresc 2021; 31:719-725. [PMID: 33609213 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-021-02705-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A new xanthene dye, namely ImX, has been facilely prepared by reaction of 4-(1H-Imidazol-1-yl)benzaldehyde with N, N-diethyl-3-aminophenol in concentrated propionic acid, and then treated by p-chloranil. ImX presents the maximum absorption and emission band centered at 562 nm and 583 nm in water, respectively. Fluorescent spectra investigations demonstrate that ImX shows viscosity-selective fluorescent response and emission enhancement when the solvent viscosity increases from 1.1 cp. (water) to 1248 cp. (98 % glycerol). In addition, this viscosity-selective fluorescence response covers a wide pH range from 2.5 to 10.0. More significantly, ImX demonstrates low cytotoxicity and can be employed as tracer for the detection of Monensin-triggered viscosity enhancement by cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yu
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, 621000, Sichuan, China
- Ecological Security and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Normal University, 621000, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Library of City College, Southwest University of Science and technology, 621000, Sichuan, China
| | - Lihua Dou
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, 621000, Sichuan, China
- Ecological Security and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Normal University, 621000, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunyun Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, 621000, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhengwen Huang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, Sichuan, China.
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6
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Das S, Pratim Das P, Walton JW, Ghoshal K, Patra L, Bhattacharyya M. FRET based ratiometric switch for selective sensing of Al 3+ with bio-imaging in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj05546h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
FRET based ratiometric switch for selective sensing of Al3+ with bio-imaging in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangita Das
- Department of Chemistry
- Durham University
- Durham
- UK
| | - Partha Pratim Das
- Department of Earth System Sciences
- Yonsei University
- Seoul 120749
- Korea
| | | | - Kakali Ghoshal
- Department of Biochemistry
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata 700019
- India
| | - Lakshman Patra
- Department of Chemistry
- Jadavpur University
- Jadavpur, Kolkata
- India
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7
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Luo J, Zhang H, Guan J, An B, Peng J, Zhu W, Wei N, Zhang Y. Detection of lipase activity in human serum based on a ratiometric fluorescent probe. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01155c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CARA can monitor lipase activity through hydrolyzing the ester bond to interrupt the FRET process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Luo
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry
- Qingdao University School of Pharmacy
- Qingdao 266071
- China
| | - Hongyi Zhang
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry
- Qingdao University School of Pharmacy
- Qingdao 266071
- China
| | - Jialiang Guan
- Department of Emergency Internal Medicine
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Baoshuai An
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry
- Qingdao University School of Pharmacy
- Qingdao 266071
- China
| | - Junli Peng
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry
- Qingdao University School of Pharmacy
- Qingdao 266071
- China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry
- Qingdao University School of Pharmacy
- Qingdao 266071
- China
| | - Ningning Wei
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry
- Qingdao University School of Pharmacy
- Qingdao 266071
- China
| | - Yanru Zhang
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry
- Qingdao University School of Pharmacy
- Qingdao 266071
- China
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8
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Kato T, Strakova K, García-Calvo J, Sakai N, Matile S. Mechanosensitive Fluorescent Probes, Changing Color Like Lobsters during Cooking: Cascade Switching Variations. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Kato
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karolina Strakova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - José García-Calvo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Naomi Sakai
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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9
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Li C, Sun Q, Zhao Q, Cheng X. Highly selective ratiometric fluorescent probes for the detection of Fe 3+ and its application in living cells. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 228:117720. [PMID: 31718969 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It's of vital importance to detect heavy metals in environment and living cells. In this work, four near-infrared regions boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) probes (QBPH, PBPH, QBP and PBP) are constructed based on two BODIPY precursors (QB, PB) for sensing of Fe3+. As expected, these four probes exhibit obvious colorimetric and ratiometric response to Fe3+. In addition, QBP and PBP display highly sensitive and selective performance for detection of Fe3+. More importantly, QBP and PBP are successfully applied to near infrared imaging and detection of Fe3+ in living A549 cells; it indicates that these novel designed probes could be a useful tool for the studies of Fe3+ in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqing Li
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Qi Sun
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430073, China.
| | - Qiang Zhao
- College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xinjian Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430073, China.
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10
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Tan Q, Zhang R, Zhang G, Liu X, Qu F, Lu L. Embedding carbon dots and gold nanoclusters in metal-organic frameworks for ratiometric fluorescence detection of Cu 2. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:1317-1324. [PMID: 31927600 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02353-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a dual-emission metal-organic framework based ratiometric fluorescence nanoprobe was reported for detecting copper(II) ions. In particular, carbon dots (CDs) and gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) were embedded into ZIF-8 (one of the classical metal-organic frameworks) to form CDs/AuNCs@ZIF-8 nanocomposites, which exhibited dual-emission peaks at UV excitation. In the presence of Cu2+, the fluorescence attributed to AuNCs can be rapidly quenched, while the fluorescence of CDs serves as reference with undetectable changes. Therefore, the CDs/AuNCs@ZIF-8 nanocomposites were utilized as a ratiometric fluorescence nanoprobe for sensitive and selective detection of Cu2+. A good linear relationship between the ratiometric fluorescence signal of CDs/AuNCs@ZIF-8 and Cu2+ concentration was obtained in the range of 10-3-103 μM, and the detection limit was as low as 0.3324 nM. The current ratiometric fluorescence nanoprobe showed promising prospects in cost-effective and rapid determination of Cu2+ ions with good sensitivity and selectivity. Furthermore, this nanoprobe has been successfully applied for the quantitative detection of Cu2+ in serum samples, indicating its value of practical application. Graphical abstract Carbon dots (CDs) and gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) were embedded into metal-organic frameworks (ZIF-8) to form CDs/AuNCs@ZIF-8 nanocomposites, which exhibited dual-emission peaks at 365 nm excitation. In the presence of Cu2+, the fluorescence emission peak at 574 nm can rapidly respond by quenching, while the fluorescence at 462 nm serves as reference with undetectable changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Tan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Ruirui Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Guoyan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoya Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Fengli Qu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Limin Lu
- Institute of Functional Materials and Agricultural Applied Chemistry, College of Science, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China.
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11
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Mazi W, Adhikari R, Zhang Y, Xia S, Fang M, Luck RL, Tajiri M, Tiwari A, Tanasova M, Liu H. Fluorescent probes with high pKa values based on traditional, near-infrared rhodamine, and hemicyanine fluorophores for sensitive detection of lysosomal pH variations. Methods 2019; 168:40-50. [PMID: 31344405 PMCID: PMC6851477 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2019.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sterically hindered fluorescent probes (A-C) have been developed by introducing 2-aminophenylboronic acid pinacol ester to a traditional, A, a near-infrared rhodamine dye, B, and a near-infrared hemicyanine dye, C, forming closed spirolactam ring structures. Probe A was non-fluorescent under basic pH conditions whereas probes B and C were moderately fluorescent with fluorescence quantum yields of 9% and 5% in pH 7.4 PBS buffer containing 1% ethanol, respectively. With all probes increasing acidity leads to significant increases in fluorescence at 580 nm, 644 and 744 nm for probes A, B and C with fluorescence quantum yields of 26%, 21% and 10% in pH 4.5 PBS buffer containing 1% ethanol, respectively. Probes A, B and C were calculated to have pKa values of 5.81, 5.45 and 6.97. The difference in fluorescence under basic conditions is ascribed to easier opening of the closed spirolactam ring configurations due to significant steric hindrance between the 2-aminophenylboronic acid pinacol ester residue and an adjacent H atom in the xanthene derivative moiety in probe B or C. The probes show fast, reversible, selective and sensitive fluorescence responses to pH changes, and are capable of sensing lysosomal pH variations in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafa Mazi
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, United States
| | - Rashmi Adhikari
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, United States
| | - Yibin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, United States
| | - Shuai Xia
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, United States
| | - Mingxi Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, United States
| | - Rudy L Luck
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, United States.
| | - Momoko Tajiri
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, United States.
| | - Ashutosh Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, United States.
| | - Marina Tanasova
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, United States.
| | - Haiying Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, United States.
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12
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Xia S, Fang M, Wang J, Bi J, Mazi W, Zhang Y, Luck RL, Liu H. Near-infrared fluorescent probes with BODIPY donors and rhodamine and merocyanine acceptors for ratiometric determination of lysosomal pH variance. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2019; 294:1-13. [PMID: 31496551 PMCID: PMC6730546 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Three fluorescent probes have been developed by conjugating three different BODIPY donors to rhodamine and merocyanine acceptors for ratiometric determination of lysosomal pH variations. Probe A consists of a 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-BODIPY donor and a near-infrared rhodamine acceptor bearing a lysosome-targeting morpholine residue. Probe B is composed of a 3,5-dimethyl-BODIPY donor and a near-infrared rhodamine acceptor modified with an o-phenylenediamine residue. Probe C contains a 3-styrene-functionalized BODIPY donor with longer wavelength emission and a near-infrared merocyanine acceptor containing a morpholine residue. Under neutral or basic pH conditions, the probes only show fluorescence from the BODIPY donors under BODIPY excitation because the rhodamine and merocyanine acceptors maintain closed spirolactam configurations. However, excitation at BODIPY absorption wavelengths concomitant with gradual pH decrease results in fluorescence decreases with the BODIPY donors and fluorescence increases from the rhodamine and merocyanine acceptors due to through-bond energy transfer from the donors to the acceptors. This is because the spirolactam ring opens under more acidic conditions and fluorescence of the acceptors results from significantly improved π-conjugation. These experimental results are substantiated with theoretical calculations on models of the different probes. The probes have all been used to determine lysosome pH variations in HeLa cells. Probe B was further utilized to successfully detect pH fluctuations in HeLa cells under oxidative stress and with treatment of NH4Cl and chloroquine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Xia
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI, 49931, United States
| | - Mingxi Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI, 49931, United States
| | - Jianbo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI, 49931, United States
- College of Biological Chemical Sciences and Engineering Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Jianheng Bi
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI, 49931, United States
| | - Wafa Mazi
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI, 49931, United States
| | - Yibin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI, 49931, United States
| | - Rudy L. Luck
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI, 49931, United States
| | - Haiying Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI, 49931, United States
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13
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Cao D, Liu Z, Verwilst P, Koo S, Jangjili P, Kim JS, Lin W. Coumarin-Based Small-Molecule Fluorescent Chemosensors. Chem Rev 2019; 119:10403-10519. [PMID: 31314507 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 631] [Impact Index Per Article: 126.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Coumarins are a very large family of compounds containing the unique 2H-chromen-2-one motif, as it is known according to IUPAC nomenclature. Coumarin derivatives are widely found in nature, especially in plants and are constituents of several essential oils. Up to now, thousands of coumarin derivatives have been isolated from nature or produced by chemists. More recently, the coumarin platform has been widely adopted in the design of small-molecule fluorescent chemosensors because of its excellent biocompatibility, strong and stable fluorescence emission, and good structural flexibility. This scaffold has found wide applications in the development of fluorescent chemosensors in the fields of molecular recognition, molecular imaging, bioorganic chemistry, analytical chemistry, materials chemistry, as well as in the biology and medical science communities. This review focuses on the important progress of coumarin-based small-molecule fluorescent chemosensors during the period of 2012-2018. This comprehensive and critical review may facilitate the development of more powerful fluorescent chemosensors for broad and exciting applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duxia Cao
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , University of Jinan , Jinan 250022 , China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials , Shandong University , Jinan 250100 , China
| | - Peter Verwilst
- Department of Chemistry , Korea University , Seoul 02841 , Korea
| | - Seyoung Koo
- Department of Chemistry , Korea University , Seoul 02841 , Korea
| | | | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of Chemistry , Korea University , Seoul 02841 , Korea
| | - Weiying Lin
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , University of Jinan , Jinan 250022 , China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Guangxi University , Nanning , Guangxi 530004 , P. R. China
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14
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Zhang C, Li M, Liang W, Zhang G, Fan L, Yao Q, Shuang S, Dong C. Substituent Effect on the Properties of pH Fluorescence Probes Containing Pyridine Group. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201901003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caihong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Miao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Wenting Liang
- Institution Institute of Environmental ScienceShanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Guomei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Li Fan
- Institution Institute of Environmental ScienceShanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Qingjia Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Shaomin Shuang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Chuan Dong
- Institution Institute of Environmental ScienceShanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
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15
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Liu H, Guo C, Guo S, Fan J, Wang L, Shi D. Chalcone-analogue fluorescent probes for detecting thiophenols in seawater samples. Talanta 2019; 201:301-308. [PMID: 31122427 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.03.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Two efficient chalcone fluorescent probes (probe-KCN1 and probe-KCN2) were developed for the detection of thiophenols. Upon gradual addition of thiophenols to the fluorescent probes, the fluorescence intensity of the emission band at 550 nm is enhanced about 40-fold, with a large Stokes shift (130 nm). Probe-KCN1 responds to thiophenols with a good range of linearity and a detection limit of 79 nΜ (R2 = 0.9915), and Probe-KCN2 responds selectively to thiophenols over other amino acids, common metal ions and other potential interferents with a detection limit of 96 nM (R2 = 0.9978). The low-toxicity probe has been successfully used to detect thiophenols in samples of seawater. These results demonstrate that Probe-KCN is a class of specific probes that might provide a simple way to monitor changes in thiophenols at low concentrations in seawater samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanlong Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Shuju Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Junting Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Dayong Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China.
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16
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Huang L, Cao YJ, Sun XY, Liu B, Shen JS. Diverse applications of TMB-based sensing probes. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:5667-5676. [PMID: 30043797 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01364k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Extending the research on 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) and its derivatives in analytical chemistry is important, considering that TMB is widely used as an enzyme catalytic substrate. In this work, two TMB derivatives, TMBS and TMBB, were synthesized via a facile and one-step condensation reaction between the -NH2 group of TMB and the -CHO group of salicylaldehyde or benzaldehyde. Because at low pH the two Schiff base compounds can release TMB which can emit strong fluorescence, the probes could show dual-modal signal responses, fluorescence and UV-vis absorption, towards the pH. Practical applications of pH sensing in Chinese rice vinegar and lemon juice samples were successfully demonstrated. On the basis of these findings, a catalytic chromogenic reaction was developed to monitor the pH with the naked eye, too. Furthermore, considering the chemical equilibrium reaction between CO2 and H2O and that glucose oxidase (GOD) can catalyse the dehydrogenation and oxidation reaction of β-d-glucose to produce gluconic acid, both of which can result in lowering the pH values of the two Schiff base systems, highly sensitive and selective dual-modal sensing systems for detecting CO2 and β-d-glucose have also been successfully established. Therefore, the two synthesized TMB derivatives can demonstrate their robust application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
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17
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Zou X, Zhou X, Cao C, Lu W, Yuan W, Liu Q, Feng W, Li F. Dye-sensitized upconversion nanocomposites for ratiometric semi-quantitative detection of hypochlorite in vivo. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:2959-2965. [PMID: 30693936 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr09531k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ratiometric fluorescent sensors, which can provide a built-in correction for environmental effects, have attracted significant attention for analytical sensing and optical imaging with the potential to provide a precise and quantitative analysis. Herein, we report a strategy based on dye-sensitized upconversion for the design of dual-excitation upconverion ratiometric probes possessing same emission peaks under a large separation in the excitation spectra (980 nm and 808 nm). Specifically, effective enhancement of upconversion luminescence could be attributed to Cy787 dyes present on the surface of nanoparticles, and it subsequently decreased upon the addition of ClO- under an 808 nm irradiation, whereas the signal under 980 nm excitation remained essentially constant, thus allowing for quantitative ratiometric monitoring of ClO-. The rationally designed dye-sensitized upconverion nanosystem exhibits excellent sensitivity for ClO- with a quantification limit of 3.6 nM in aqueous solutions. We have also demonstrated that the designed nanoprobe is a promising material for semi-quantitative detection of ClO- in an arthritis mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianmei Zou
- Department of Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China.
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18
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Tian X, Hussain S, de Pace C, Ruiz-Pérez L, Battaglia G. Zn II Complexes for Bioimaging and Correlated Applications. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:509-526. [PMID: 30716209 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is a biocompatible element that exists as the second most abundant transition metal ion and an indispensable trace element in the human body. Compared to traditional metal-organic complexes systems, d10 metal ZnII complexes not only exhibit a large Stokes shift and good photon stability but also possess strong emission and low cytotoxicity with a relatively small molecular weight. The use of ZnII complexes has emerged in the last decade as a versatile and convenient tool for numerous biological applications, including bioimaging, molecular and protein recognition, as well as photodynamic therapy. Herein, we review recent developments involving ZnII metal complexes applied as specific subcellular compartment imaging probes and their correlated utilizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohe Tian
- School of life science, Anhui University, Hefei, 230039, P.R. China
| | - Sajid Hussain
- School of life science, Anhui University, Hefei, 230039, P.R. China.,School of Applied Sciences and Humanities (NUSASH), National University of Technology, Sector I-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Cesare de Pace
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Lorena Ruiz-Pérez
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Giuseppe Battaglia
- School of life science, Anhui University, Hefei, 230039, P.R. China.,Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
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19
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Zhao Y, Wu Y, Chen S, Deng H, Zhu X. Building Single-Color AIE-Active Reversible Micelles to Interpret Temperature and pH Stimuli in Both Solutions and Cells. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yan Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hongping Deng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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20
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Jin HG, Zong W, Yuan L, Zhang XB. Nanoscale zeolitic imidazole framework-90: selective, sensitive and dual-excitation ratiometric fluorescent detection of hazardous Cr(vi) anions in aqueous media. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj02047g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Toxic Cr(vi) anions sensing in aqueous solution has been achieved by virtue of fluorescent nanoscale ZIF-90 and RhB@ZIF-90.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Guang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
| | - Weibang Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
| | - Lin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
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21
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22
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Hua YX, Shao Y, Wang YW, Peng Y. A Series of Fluorescent and Colorimetric Chemodosimeters for Selective Recognition of Cyanide Based on the FRET Mechanism. J Org Chem 2017; 82:6259-6267. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Xi Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Applied
Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yongliang Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied
Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ya-Wen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied
Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yu Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied
Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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23
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Ge Y, Zheng X, Ji R, Shen S, Cao X. A new pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazole-rhodamine FRET system as an efficient ratiometric fluorescent probe for Cu2+ in living cells. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 965:103-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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24
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Lu R, Cui S, Li S, Pu S. A highly sensitive and selective fluorescent sensor for Al 3+ and Zn 2+ based on diarylethene with an aminouracil unit. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.12.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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An intramolecular charge transfer process based fluorescent probe for monitoring subtle pH fluctuation in living cells. Talanta 2017; 162:180-186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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26
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Manna A, Sain D, Guchhait N, Goswami S. FRET based selective and ratiometric detection of Al(iii) with live-cell imaging. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj03079g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A cell permeable FRET based platform for dual mode ‘naked-eye’in vitroandin vivodetection of Al3+over other common ions (including trivalent ions).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Manna
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata-700009
- India
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Dibyendu Sain
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology (Formerly Bengal Engineering & Science University)
- Shibpur
- India
| | - Nikhil Guchhait
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata-700009
- India
| | - Shyamaprosad Goswami
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology (Formerly Bengal Engineering & Science University)
- Shibpur
- India
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27
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Li G, Ma L, Liu G, Fan C, Pu S. A diarylethene-based “on–off–on” fluorescence sensor for the sequential recognition of mercury and cysteine. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra27773j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel photochromic diarylethene with a quinoline unit was synthesized with multi-controllable fluorescence switching properties, which could be induced by light, mercury (Hg2+) and cysteine (Cys).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry
- Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University
- Nanchang
- PR China
| | - Lele Ma
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry
- Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University
- Nanchang
- PR China
| | - Gang Liu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry
- Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University
- Nanchang
- PR China
| | - Congbin Fan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry
- Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University
- Nanchang
- PR China
| | - Shouzhi Pu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry
- Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University
- Nanchang
- PR China
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28
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Qi Z, Chen Y. Charge-transfer-based terbium MOF nanoparticles as fluorescent pH sensor for extreme acidity. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 87:236-241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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29
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Li G, Zhang D, Liu G, Pu S. A highly selective fluorescent probe for Cd2+ and Zn2+ based on a new diarylethene with quinoline–benzimidazole conjugated system. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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30
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Fu J, Ding C, Zhu A, Tian Y. An efficient core-shell fluorescent silica nanoprobe for ratiometric fluorescence detection of pH in living cells. Analyst 2016; 141:4766-71. [PMID: 27291898 DOI: 10.1039/c6an00981f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular pH plays a vital role in cell biology, including signal transduction, ion transport and homeostasis. Herein, a ratiometric fluorescent silica probe was developed to detect intracellular pH values. The pH sensitive dye fluorescein isothiocyanate isomer I (FITC), emitting green fluorescence, was hybridized with reference dye rhodamine B (RB), emitting red fluorescence, as a dual-emission fluorophore, in which RB was embedded in a silica core of ∼40 nm diameter. Moreover, to prevent fluorescence resonance energy transfer between FITC and RB, FITC was grafted onto the surface of core-shell silica colloidal particles with a shell thickness of 10-12 nm. The nanoprobe exhibited dual emission bands centered at 517 and 570 nm, under single wavelength excitation of 488 nm. RB encapsulated in silica was inert to pH change and only served as reference signals for providing built-in correction to avoid environmental effects. Moreover, FITC (λem = 517 nm) showed high selectivity toward H(+) against metal ions and amino acids, leading to fluorescence variation upon pH change. Consequently, variations of the two fluorescence intensities (Fgreen/Fred) resulted in a ratiometric pH fluorescent sensor. The specific nanoprobe showed good linearity with pH variation in the range of 6.0-7.8. It can be noted that the fluorescent silica probe demonstrated good water dispersibility, high stability and low cytotoxicity. Accordingly, imaging and biosensing of pH variation was successfully achieved in HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingni Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai 200092, China
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31
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Li Q, Guo R, Lin W. A Fluorescence Turn-On Probe for Thiols with a Tunable Dynamic Range. J Fluoresc 2016; 26:1077-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-016-1796-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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32
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Tian Z, Cui S, Liu G, Wang R, Pu S. A new fluorescent sensor for Zn2+
based on diarylethene with a 4-diethylamino-salicylaldehyde Schiff base unit. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyan Tian
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University; Nanchang 330013 China
| | - Shiqiang Cui
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University; Nanchang 330013 China
| | - Gang Liu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University; Nanchang 330013 China
| | - Renjie Wang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University; Nanchang 330013 China
| | - Shouzhi Pu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University; Nanchang 330013 China
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33
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Dong B, Song X, Wang C, Kong X, Tang Y, Lin W. Dual Site-Controlled and Lysosome-Targeted Intramolecular Charge Transfer–Photoinduced Electron Transfer–Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Fluorescent Probe for Monitoring pH Changes in Living Cells. Anal Chem 2016; 88:4085-91. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baoli Dong
- Institute of Fluorescent
Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, School of Biological Science, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuezhen Song
- Institute of Fluorescent
Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, School of Biological Science, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Wang
- Institute of Fluorescent
Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, School of Biological Science, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuqi Kong
- Institute of Fluorescent
Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, School of Biological Science, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yonghe Tang
- Institute of Fluorescent
Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, School of Biological Science, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiying Lin
- Institute of Fluorescent
Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, School of Biological Science, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, People’s Republic of China
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34
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Yin J, Hu Y, Yoon J. Fluorescent probes and bioimaging: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and pH. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 44:4619-44. [PMID: 25317749 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00275j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 417] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
All living species and life forms have an absolute requirement for bio-functional metals and acid-base equilibrium chemistry owing to the critical roles they play in biological processes. Hence, a great need exists for efficient methods to detect and monitor biometals and acids. In the last few years, great attention has been paid to the development of organic molecule based fluorescent chemosensors. The availability of new synthetic fluorescent probes has made fluorescence microscopy an indispensable tool for tracing biologically important molecules and in the area of clinical diagnostics. This review highlights the recent advances that have been made in the design and bioimaging applications of fluorescent probes for alkali metals and alkaline earth metal cations, including lithium, sodium and potassium, magnesium and calcium, and for pH determination within biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yin
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Global Top 5 Research Program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea.
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35
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Wang H, Tian X, Du W, Zhang Q, Guan L, Wang A, Zhang Y, Wang C, Zhou H, Wu J, Tian Y. A two-photon fluorescent RNA probe screened from a series of oxime-functionalized 2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine ZnX2(X = Cl, Br, I) complexes. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:4818-4825. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb01202g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An oxime-functionalized terpyridine ZnCl2complex is a RNA two-photon fluorescent probe exhibiting RNA binding, fluorescence intensity enhancement and compatibility with Hoechst 33342.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry Anhui Province
- Anhui University
- Hefei 236001
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaohe Tian
- School of Life Science
- Anhui University
- Hefei 230601
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Du
- Department of Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry Anhui Province
- Anhui University
- Hefei 236001
- P. R. China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry Anhui Province
- Anhui University
- Hefei 236001
- P. R. China
| | - Lijuan Guan
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- UK
| | | | - Yujin Zhang
- College of Physics and Electronics
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250014
- China
| | - Chuankui Wang
- College of Physics and Electronics
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250014
- China
| | - Hongping Zhou
- Department of Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry Anhui Province
- Anhui University
- Hefei 236001
- P. R. China
| | - Jieying Wu
- Department of Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry Anhui Province
- Anhui University
- Hefei 236001
- P. R. China
| | - Yupeng Tian
- Department of Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry Anhui Province
- Anhui University
- Hefei 236001
- P. R. China
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36
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Kothavale S, Sekar N. Novel triphenylamine based rhodamine derivatives: synthesis, characterization, photophysical properties and viscosity sensitivity. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra19899f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Five novel triphenylamine based deep red to NIR emitting rhodamine derivatives were synthesized and characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantaram Kothavale
- Department of Dyestuff Technology
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Mumbai – 400019
- India
| | - Nagaiyan Sekar
- Department of Dyestuff Technology
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Mumbai – 400019
- India
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37
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Cui S, Tian Z, Pu S, Dai Y. Highly sensitive fluorescent sensor for Mg2+ and Ca2+ based on a multi-addressable diarylethene. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra26910e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new photochromic diarylethene bearing 8-aminoquinoline unit was designed and synthesized, and the multi-addressable behaviors were investigated. It was highly sensitive towards Mg2+ and Ca2+ with different fluorescence emission and color change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiang Cui
- Department of Chemistry
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang
- P. R. China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry
| | - Zhaoyan Tian
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry
- Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University
- Nanchang
- PR China
| | - Shouzhi Pu
- Department of Chemistry
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang
- P. R. China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry
| | - Yanfeng Dai
- Department of Chemistry
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang
- P. R. China
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38
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Meier RJ, Simbürger JMB, Soukka T, Schäferling M. A FRET based pH probe with a broad working range applicable to referenced ratiometric dual wavelength and luminescence lifetime read out. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:6145-8. [PMID: 25747771 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc00144g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A luminescent probe for determination of pH was designed based on a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) system, combining a europium chelate as the donor and carboxynaphtho-fluorescein as a pH sensitive acceptor. The FRET system enables referenced pH detection in an exceptional broad dynamic range from pH 3 to 9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Meier
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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39
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He L, Zhu S, Liu Y, Xie Y, Xu Q, Wei H, Lin W. Broadband Light-Harvesting Molecular Triads with High FRET Efficiency Based on the Coumarin-Rhodamine-BODIPY Platform. Chemistry 2015; 21:12181-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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40
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Liu Z, Peng C, Guo C, Zhao Y, Yang X, Pei M, Zhang G. Novel fluorescent and colorimetric pH sensors derived from benzimidazo[2,1-a]benz[de]isoquinoline-7-one-12-carboxylic acid. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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41
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Yin H, Zhang B, Yu H, Zhu L, Feng Y, Zhu M, Guo Q, Meng X. Two-Photon Fluorescent Probes for Biological Mg2+ Detection Based on 7-Substituted Coumarin. J Org Chem 2015; 80:4306-12. [DOI: 10.1021/jo502775t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haijing Yin
- Department
of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China 230601
| | - Buchang Zhang
- Institute
of Health Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China 230601
| | - Haizhu Yu
- Department
of Polymer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of Beijing, Beijing, China 100086
| | - Lin Zhu
- Institute
of Health Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China 230601
| | - Yan Feng
- Department
of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China 230601
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department
of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China 230601
| | - Qingxiang Guo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China 230026
| | - Xiangming Meng
- Department
of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China 230601
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42
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Zhang H, Liu R, Tan Y, Xie WH, Lei H, Cheung HY, Sun H. A FRET-based ratiometric fluorescent probe for nitroxyl detection in living cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:5438-43. [PMID: 25658137 DOI: 10.1021/am508987v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
HNO has recently been found to possess distinct biological functions from NO. Studying the biological functions of HNO calls for the development of sensitive and selective fluorescent probes. Herein, we designed and synthesized a FRET-based ratiometric probe to detect HNO in living cells. Our studies revealed that the probe is capable of detecting HNO in a rapid and ratiometric manner under physiological conditions. In bioimaging studies, the probe displayed a clear color change from blue to green when treated with HNO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huatang Zhang
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong , 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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43
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Wu BY, Yan XP. Bioconjugated persistent luminescence nanoparticles for Föster resonance energy transfer immunoassay of prostate specific antigen in serum and cell extracts without in situ excitation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:3903-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc00286a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel Föster resonance energy transfer (FRET) immunoassay based on persistent luminescence nanoparticles (PLNP) for PSA detection in serum and cell extracts in the absence of in situ excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Yue Wu
- College of Chemistry
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology (Nankai University)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
| | - Xiu-Ping Yan
- College of Chemistry
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology (Nankai University)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
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44
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Shi W, Li X, Ma H. Fluorescent probes and nanoparticles for intracellular sensing of pH values. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2014; 2:042001. [DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/2/4/042001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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45
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Shi XL, Mao GJ, Zhang XB, Liu HW, Gong YJ, Wu YX, Zhou LY, Zhang J, Tan W. Rhodamine-based fluorescent probe for direct bio-imaging of lysosomal pH changes. Talanta 2014; 130:356-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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46
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Wu YX, Zhang XB, Li JB, Zhang CC, Liang H, Mao GJ, Zhou LY, Tan W, Yu RQ. Bispyrene–Fluorescein Hybrid Based FRET Cassette: A Convenient Platform toward Ratiometric Time-Resolved Probe for Bioanalytical Applications. Anal Chem 2014; 86:10389-96. [DOI: 10.1021/ac502863m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Xiang Wu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key
Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Zhang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key
Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jun-Bin Li
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key
Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Cui-Cui Zhang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key
Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Hao Liang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key
Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Guo-Jiang Mao
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key
Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Li-Yi Zhou
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key
Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key
Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Ru-Qin Yu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key
Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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47
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Piotrowski P, Wrzosek B, Królikowska A, Bukowska J. A SERS-based pH sensor utilizing 3-amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole functionalized Ag nanoparticles. Analyst 2014; 139:1101-11. [PMID: 24409451 DOI: 10.1039/c3an01197f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We report the first use of 3-amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole (AMT) to construct a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) based pH nano- and microsensor, utilizing silver nanoparticles. We optimize the procedure of homogenous attachment of colloidal silver to micrometer-sized silica beads via an aminosilane linker. Such micro-carriers are potential optically trappable SERS microprobes. It is demonstrated that the SERS spectrum of AMT is strongly dependent on the pH of the surroundings, as the transformation between two different adsorption modes, upright (A form) and lying flat (B form) orientation, is provoked by pH variation. The possibility of tuning the nanosensor working range by changing the concentration of AMT in the surrounding solution is demonstrated. A strong correlation between the pH response of the nanosensor and the AMT concentration in solution is found to be controlled by the interactions between the surface and solution molecules. In the absence of the AMT monomer, the performance of both the nano- and microsensor is shifted substantially to the strongly acidic pH range, from 1.5 to 2.5 and from 1.0 to 2.0, respectively, which is quite unique even for SERS-based sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Piotrowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteur Street 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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48
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Yuan L, Zuo QP. FRET-Based Mitochondria-Targetable Dual-Excitation Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe for Monitoring Hydrogen Sulfide in Living Cells. Chem Asian J 2014; 9:1544-9. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201400131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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49
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Zhang S, Fan J, Li Z, Hao N, Cao J, Wu T, Wang J, Peng X. A bright red fluorescent cyanine dye for live-cell nucleic acid imaging, with high photostability and a large Stokes shift. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:2688-2693. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb21844a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
TO3-CN is a bright red fluorescent cyanine dye for live-cell nucleic acid imaging, with high photostability and a large Stokes shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - Jiangli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - Naijia Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - Jianfang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - Tong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - Jingyun Wang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024, P.R. China
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50
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Yu KK, Li K, Hou JT, Yang J, Xie YM, Yu XQ. Rhodamine based pH-sensitive “intelligent” polymers as lysosome targeting probes and their imaging applications in vivo. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00646a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Two rhodamine-based polymers were prepared via free radical polymerization and could serve as lysosome targeting probes with good pH sensitivity. Fluorescence imaging of nude mice displayed a chance for visualization of cancerous tissue in vivo by sensing its acidic microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Kang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu, China
| | - Kun Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy
| | - Ji-Ting Hou
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu, China
| | - Yong-Mei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy
- West China Hospital
- West China Medical School
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiao-Qi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu, China
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