1
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Han J, Li S. De novo biosynthesis of berberine and halogenated benzylisoquinoline alkaloids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Commun Chem 2023; 6:27. [PMID: 36759716 PMCID: PMC9911778 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00821-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Berberine is an extensively used pharmaceutical benzylisoquinoline alkaloid (BIA) derived from plants. Microbial manufacturing has emerged as a promising approach to source valuable BIAs. Here, we demonstrated the complete biosynthesis of berberine in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by engineering 19 genes including 12 heterologous genes from plants and bacteria. Overexpressing bottleneck enzymes, fermentation scale-up, and heating treatment after fermentation increased berberine titer by 643-fold to 1.08 mg L-1. This pathway also showed high efficiency to incorporate halogenated tyrosine for the synthesis of unnatural BIA derivatives that have higher therapeutical potentials. We firstly demonstrate the in vivo biosynthesis of 11-fluoro-tetrahydrocolumbamine via nine enzymatic reactions. The efficiency and promiscuity of our pathway also allow for the simultaneous incorporation of two fluorine-substituted tyrosine derivatives to 8, 3'-di-fluoro-coclaurine. This work highlights the potential of yeast as a versatile microbial biosynthetic platform to strengthen current pharmaceutical supply chain and to advance drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Han
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Sijin Li
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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2
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Wang D, Chen X, Guo X, Zhu X, Liu X. Convenient synthesis of 8‐aryl‐6‐aryl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline‐5,7‐dicarbonitriles via a cascade Michael/cyclization reaction. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202200045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dao‐Cai Wang
- School of Biological Science and Technology Hubei Minzu University Enshi China
| | - Xi‐Xia Chen
- School of Biological Science and Technology Hubei Minzu University Enshi China
| | - Xiao‐Qian Guo
- School of Biological Science and Technology Hubei Minzu University Enshi China
| | - Xi‐Qiang Zhu
- School of Biological Science and Technology Hubei Minzu University Enshi China
| | - Xiao‐Peng Liu
- School of Biological Science and Technology Hubei Minzu University Enshi China
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3
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Zetzsche LE, Narayan ARH. Broadening the scope of biocatalytic C-C bond formation. Nat Rev Chem 2020; 4:334-346. [PMID: 34430708 PMCID: PMC8382263 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-020-0191-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The impeccable control over chemo-, site-, and stereoselectivity possible in enzymatic reactions has led to a surge in the development of new biocatalytic methods. Despite carbon-carbon (C-C) bonds providing the central framework for organic molecules, development of biocatalytic methods for their formation has been largely confined to the use of a select few lyases over the last several decades, limiting the types of C-C bond-forming transformations possible through biocatalytic methods. This Review provides an update on the suite of enzymes available for highly selective biocatalytic C-C bond formation. Examples will be discussed in reference to the (1) native activity of enzymes, (2) alteration of activity through protein or substrate engineering for broader applicability, and (3) utility of the biocatalyst for abiotic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara E. Zetzsche
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alison R. H. Narayan
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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4
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Horst B, Wanner MJ, Jørgensen SI, Hiemstra H, van Maarseveen JH. Total Synthesis of the Ortho-Hydroxylated Protoberberines ( S)-Govaniadine, ( S)-Caseamine, and ( S)-Clarkeanidine via a Solvent-Directed Pictet-Spengler Reaction. J Org Chem 2018; 83:15110-15117. [PMID: 30451502 PMCID: PMC6328280 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The common para regioselectivity in Pictet-Spengler reactions with dopamine derivatives is redirected to the ortho position by a simple change of solvents. In combination with a chiral auxiliary on nitrogen, this ortho-selective Pictet-Spengler produced the 1-benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids ( S)-crassifoline and ( S)-norcrassifoline and the bioactive 1,2-dioxygenated tetrahydroprotoberberine alkaloids ( S)-govaniadine, ( S)-caseamine, and ( S)-clarkeanidine with high enantiopurity. Ortho/para ratios up to 89:19 and diastereomeric ratios up to 85:15 were obtained during formation of the B-ring. The general applicability of this solvent-directed regioselectivity was demonstrated with a second Pictet-Spengler reaction as required for C-ring formation of caseamine (o/p = 14:86 in trifluoroethanol) and clarkeanidine (o/p = 86:14 in toluene).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Horst
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences , University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904 , 1098 XH Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Martin J Wanner
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences , University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904 , 1098 XH Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Steen Ingemann Jørgensen
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences , University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904 , 1098 XH Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Henk Hiemstra
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences , University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904 , 1098 XH Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Jan H van Maarseveen
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences , University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904 , 1098 XH Amsterdam , The Netherlands
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5
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Patil MD, Grogan G, Yun H. Biocatalyzed C−C Bond Formation for the Production of Alkaloids. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201801130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh D. Patil
- Department of Systems BiotechnologyKonkuk University Seoul 143-701 Korea
| | - Gideon Grogan
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of York Heslington York, YO10 5DD UK
| | - Hyungdon Yun
- Department of Systems BiotechnologyKonkuk University Seoul 143-701 Korea
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6
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Bennett MR, Thompson ML, Shepherd SA, Dunstan MS, Herbert AJ, Smith DRM, Cronin VA, Menon BRK, Levy C, Micklefield J. Structure and Biocatalytic Scope of Coclaurine N-Methyltransferase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10600-10604. [PMID: 29791083 PMCID: PMC6099451 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs) are a structurally diverse family of plant secondary metabolites, which have been exploited to develop analgesics, antibiotics, antitumor agents, and other therapeutic agents. Biosynthesis of BIAs proceeds via a common pathway from tyrosine to (S)-reticulene at which point the pathway diverges. Coclaurine N-methyltransferase (CNMT) is a key enzyme in the pathway to (S)-reticulene, installing the N-methyl substituent that is essential for the bioactivity of many BIAs. In this paper, we describe the first crystal structure of CNMT which, along with mutagenesis studies, defines the enzymes active site architecture. The specificity of CNMT was also explored with a range of natural and synthetic substrates as well as co-factor analogues. Knowledge from this study could be used to generate improved CNMT variants required to produce BIAs or synthetic derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Bennett
- School of ChemistryManchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - Mark L. Thompson
- School of ChemistryManchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - Sarah A. Shepherd
- School of ChemistryManchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - Mark S. Dunstan
- School of ChemistryManchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - Abigail J. Herbert
- School of ChemistryManchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - Duncan R. M. Smith
- School of ChemistryManchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - Victoria A. Cronin
- School of ChemistryManchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - Binuraj R. K. Menon
- School of ChemistryManchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - Colin Levy
- School of ChemistryManchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - Jason Micklefield
- School of ChemistryManchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
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7
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Bennett MR, Thompson ML, Shepherd SA, Dunstan MS, Herbert AJ, Smith DRM, Cronin VA, Menon BRK, Levy C, Micklefield J. Structure and Biocatalytic Scope of Coclaurine
N
‐Methyltransferase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Bennett
- School of ChemistryManchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Mark L. Thompson
- School of ChemistryManchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Sarah A. Shepherd
- School of ChemistryManchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Mark S. Dunstan
- School of ChemistryManchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Abigail J. Herbert
- School of ChemistryManchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Duncan R. M. Smith
- School of ChemistryManchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Victoria A. Cronin
- School of ChemistryManchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Binuraj R. K. Menon
- School of ChemistryManchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Colin Levy
- School of ChemistryManchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Jason Micklefield
- School of ChemistryManchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
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8
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Qin JL, Meng T, Chen ZF, Xie XL, Qin QP, He XJ, Huang KB, Liang H. Facile total synthesis of lysicamine and the anticancer activities of the Ru II, Rh III, Mn II and Zn II complexes of lysicamine. Oncotarget 2017; 8:59359-59375. [PMID: 28938642 PMCID: PMC5601738 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysicamine is a natural oxoaporphine alkaloid, which isolated from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) herbs and has been shown to possess cytotoxicity to hepatocarcinoma cell lines. Reports on its antitumor activity are scarce because lysicamine occurs in plants at a low content. In this work, we demonstrate a facile concise total synthesis of lysicamine from simple raw materials under mild reaction conditions, and the preparation of the Ru(II), Rh(III), Mn(II) and Zn(II) complexes 1–4 of lysicamine (LY). All the compounds were fully characterized by elemental analysis, IR, ESI-MS, 1H and 13C NMR, as well as single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Compared with the free ligand LY, complexes 2 and 3 exhibited superior in vitro cytotoxicity against HepG2 and NCI-H460. Mechanistic studies indicated that 2 and 3 blocked the cell cycle in the S phase by decreasing of cyclins A2/B1/D1/E1, CDK 2/6, and PCNA levels and increasing levels of p21, p27, p53 and CDC25A proteins. In addition, 2 and 3 induced cell apoptosis via both the caspase-dependent mitochondrial pathway and the death receptor pathway. in vivo study showed that 2 inhibited HepG2 tumor growth at 1/3 maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and had a better safety profile than cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-Lan Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Ting Meng
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Li Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Qi-Pin Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ju He
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Ke-Bin Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Hong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
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9
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Schrittwieser JH, Velikogne S, Hall M, Kroutil W. Artificial Biocatalytic Linear Cascades for Preparation of Organic Molecules. Chem Rev 2017; 118:270-348. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joerg H. Schrittwieser
- Institute
of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Stefan Velikogne
- ACIB
GmbH, Department of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse
28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Mélanie Hall
- Institute
of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Institute
of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
- ACIB
GmbH, Department of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse
28, 8010 Graz, Austria
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10
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Chrzanowska M, Grajewska A, Rozwadowska MD. Asymmetric Synthesis of Isoquinoline Alkaloids: 2004-2015. Chem Rev 2016; 116:12369-12465. [PMID: 27680197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, the asymmetric synthesis of chiral nonracemic isoquinoline alkaloids, a family of natural products showing a wide range of structural diversity and biological and pharmaceutical activity, has been based either on continuation or improvement of known traditional methods or on new, recently developed, strategies. Both diastereoselective and enantioselective catalytic methods have been applied. This review describes the stereochemically modified traditional syntheses (the Pictet-Spengler, the Bischler-Napieralski, and the Pomeranz-Fritsch-Bobbitt) along with strategies based on closing of the nitrogen-containing ring B of the isoquinoline core by the formation of bonds between C1-N2, N2-C3, C1-N2/N2-C3, and C1-N2/C4-C4a atoms. Methods involving introduction of substituents at the C1 carbon of isoquinoline core along with syntheses applying various biocatalytic techniques have also been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chrzanowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University , Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Grajewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University , Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Maria D Rozwadowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University , Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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11
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López-Iglesias M, González-Martínez D, Gotor V, Busto E, Kroutil W, Gotor-Fernández V. Biocatalytic Transamination for the Asymmetric Synthesis of Pyridylalkylamines. Structural and Activity Features in the Reactivity of Transaminases. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b00686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María López-Iglesias
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario
de Biotecnología de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, E- 33071 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Department
of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Daniel González-Martínez
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario
de Biotecnología de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, E- 33071 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Vicente Gotor
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario
de Biotecnología de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, E- 33071 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Eduardo Busto
- Department
of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Department
of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Vicente Gotor-Fernández
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario
de Biotecnología de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, E- 33071 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
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12
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Ma L, Seidel D. Intramolecular Redox-Mannich Reactions: Facile Access to the Tetrahydroprotoberberine Core. Chemistry 2015; 21:12908-13. [PMID: 26220197 PMCID: PMC4808586 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic amines such as pyrrolidine undergo redox-annulations with 2-formylaryl malonates. Concurrent oxidative amine α-CH bond functionalization and reductive N-alkylation render this transformation redox-neutral. This redox-Mannich process provides regioisomers of classic Reinhoudt reaction products as an entry to the tetrahydroprotoberberine core, enabling the synthesis of (±)-thalictricavine and its epimer. An unusually mild amine-promoted dealkoxycarbonylation was discovered in the course of these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longle Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854 (USA) http://seidel-group.com
| | - Daniel Seidel
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854 (USA) http://seidel-group.com.
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13
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Biocatalysts for the formation of three- to six-membered carbo- and heterocycles. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:457-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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14
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15
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Schrittwieser JH, Groenendaal B, Resch V, Ghislieri D, Wallner S, Fischereder EM, Fuchs E, Grischek B, Sattler JH, Macheroux P, Turner NJ, Kroutil W. Deracemization by simultaneous bio-oxidative kinetic resolution and stereoinversion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:3731-4. [PMID: 24615790 PMCID: PMC4499246 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201400027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Deracemization, that is, the transformation of a racemate into a single product enantiomer with theoretically 100% conversion and 100% ee, is an appealing but also challenging option for asymmetric synthesis. Herein a novel chemo-enzymatic deracemization concept by a cascade is described: the pathway involves two enantioselective oxidation steps and one non-stereoselective reduction step, enabling stereoinversion and a simultaneous kinetic resolution. The concept was exemplified for the transformation of rac-benzylisoquinolines to optically pure (S)-berbines. The racemic substrates were transformed to optically pure products (ee>97%) with up to 98% conversion and up to 88% yield of isolated product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg H Schrittwieser
- Institut für Chemie, Organische und Bioorganische Chemie, Karl-Franzens-Universität GrazHeinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz (Austria)
| | - Bas Groenendaal
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN (UK)
| | - Verena Resch
- Institut für Chemie, Organische und Bioorganische Chemie, Karl-Franzens-Universität GrazHeinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz (Austria)
| | - Diego Ghislieri
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN (UK)
| | - Silvia Wallner
- Institut für Biochemie, Technische Universität GrazPetersgasse 12, 8010 Graz (Austria)
| | - Eva-Maria Fischereder
- Institut für Chemie, Organische und Bioorganische Chemie, Karl-Franzens-Universität GrazHeinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz (Austria)
| | - Elisabeth Fuchs
- Institut für Chemie, Organische und Bioorganische Chemie, Karl-Franzens-Universität GrazHeinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz (Austria)
| | - Barbara Grischek
- Institut für Chemie, Organische und Bioorganische Chemie, Karl-Franzens-Universität GrazHeinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz (Austria)
| | - Johann H Sattler
- Institut für Chemie, Organische und Bioorganische Chemie, Karl-Franzens-Universität GrazHeinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz (Austria)
| | - Peter Macheroux
- Institut für Biochemie, Technische Universität GrazPetersgasse 12, 8010 Graz (Austria)
| | - Nicholas J Turner
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN (UK)
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Institut für Chemie, Organische und Bioorganische Chemie, Karl-Franzens-Universität GrazHeinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz (Austria)
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16
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Schrittwieser JH, Groenendaal B, Resch V, Ghislieri D, Wallner S, Fischereder EM, Fuchs E, Grischek B, Sattler JH, Macheroux P, Turner NJ, Kroutil W. Deracemisierung durch simultane bio-oxidative Racematspaltung und Stereoinversion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201400027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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17
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Schrittwieser JH, Groenendaal B, Willies SC, Ghislieri D, Rowles I, Resch V, Sattler JH, Fischereder EM, Grischek B, Lienhart WD, Turner NJ, Kroutil W. Deracemisation of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids employing monoamine oxidase variants. Catal Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cy00642a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Deracemisation of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids was performed employing a recently developed variant of monoamine oxidase from Aspergillus niger (MAO-N variant D11).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg H. Schrittwieser
- Department of Chemistry
- Organic & Bioorganic Chemistry
- University of Graz
- 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Bas Groenendaal
- School of Chemistry
- University of Manchester
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology
- Manchester, UK
| | - Simon C. Willies
- School of Chemistry
- University of Manchester
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology
- Manchester, UK
| | - Diego Ghislieri
- School of Chemistry
- University of Manchester
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology
- Manchester, UK
| | - Ian Rowles
- School of Chemistry
- University of Manchester
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology
- Manchester, UK
| | - Verena Resch
- Department of Chemistry
- Organic & Bioorganic Chemistry
- University of Graz
- 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Johann H. Sattler
- Department of Chemistry
- Organic & Bioorganic Chemistry
- University of Graz
- 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Eva-Maria Fischereder
- Department of Chemistry
- Organic & Bioorganic Chemistry
- University of Graz
- 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Barbara Grischek
- Department of Chemistry
- Organic & Bioorganic Chemistry
- University of Graz
- 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Wolf-Dieter Lienhart
- Department of Chemistry
- Organic & Bioorganic Chemistry
- University of Graz
- 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- School of Chemistry
- University of Manchester
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology
- Manchester, UK
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Department of Chemistry
- Organic & Bioorganic Chemistry
- University of Graz
- 8010 Graz, Austria
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Schrittwieser JH, Resch V. The role of biocatalysis in the asymmetric synthesis of alkaloids. RSC Adv 2013; 3:17602-17632. [PMID: 25580241 PMCID: PMC4285126 DOI: 10.1039/c3ra42123f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkaloids are not only one of the most intensively studied classes of natural products, their wide spectrum of pharmacological activities also makes them indispensable drug ingredients in both traditional and modern medicine. Among the methods for their production, biotechnological approaches are gaining importance, and biocatalysis has emerged as an essential tool in this context. A number of chemo-enzymatic strategies for alkaloid synthesis have been developed over the years, in which the biotransformations nowadays take an increasingly 'central' role. This review summarises different applications of biocatalysis in the asymmetric synthesis of alkaloids and discusses how recent developments and novel enzymes render innovative and efficient chemo-enzymatic production routes possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg H Schrittwieser
- Department of Biotechnology , Delft University of Technology , Julianalaan 136 , 2628 BL Delft , The Netherlands . ; ; ; Tel: +31 152 782683
| | - Verena Resch
- Department of Biotechnology , Delft University of Technology , Julianalaan 136 , 2628 BL Delft , The Netherlands . ; ; ; Tel: +31 152 782683
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Controlling stereoselectivity by enzymatic and chemical means to access enantiomerically pure (1 S,3 R)-1-benzyl-2,3-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 24:744-749. [PMID: 24503964 PMCID: PMC3912595 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A chemoenzymatic strategy for the synthesis of enantiomerically
pure novel alkaloids
(1S,3R)-1-benzyl-2,3-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines
is presented. The key steps are the biocatalytic stereoselective reductive amination of
substituted 1-phenylpropan-2-one derivatives to yield chiral amines employing microbial
ω-transaminases, and the diastereoselective reduction of a Bischler–Napieralski imine
intermediate by catalytic hydrogenation in the presence of palladium on charcoal, leading
exclusively to the desired cis-isomer.
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Kroutil W, Fischereder EM, Fuchs C, Lechner H, Mutti FG, Pressnitz D, Rajagopalan A, Sattler JH, Simon RC, Siirola E. Asymmetric Preparation of prim-, sec-, and tert-Amines Employing Selected Biocatalysts. Org Process Res Dev 2013; 17:751-759. [PMID: 23794796 PMCID: PMC3688330 DOI: 10.1021/op4000237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This account focuses on the application of ω-transaminases, lyases, and oxidases for the preparation of amines considering mainly work from our own lab. Examples are given to access α-chiral primary amines from the corresponding ketones as well as terminal amines from primary alcohols via a two-step biocascade. 2,6-Disubstituted piperidines, as examples for secondary amines, are prepared by biocatalytical regioselective asymmetric monoamination of designated diketones followed by spontaneous ring closure and a subsequent diastereoselective reduction step. Optically pure tert-amines such as berbines and N-methyl benzylisoquinolines are obtained by kinetic resolution via an enantioselective aerobic oxidative C-C bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Kroutil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz,
Austria
- ACIB
GmbH c/o Department of Chemistry, University of Graz,
Heinrichstrasse
28, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Eva-Maria Fischereder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz,
Austria
| | - Christine
S. Fuchs
- ACIB
GmbH c/o Department of Chemistry, University of Graz,
Heinrichstrasse
28, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Horst Lechner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz,
Austria
| | - Francesco G. Mutti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz,
Austria
| | - Desiree Pressnitz
- ACIB
GmbH c/o Department of Chemistry, University of Graz,
Heinrichstrasse
28, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Aashrita Rajagopalan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz,
Austria
| | - Johann H. Sattler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz,
Austria
| | - Robert C. Simon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz,
Austria
| | - Elina Siirola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz,
Austria
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21
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Flavoprotein oxidases: classification and applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:5177-88. [PMID: 23640366 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-4925-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This review provides an overview of oxidases that utilise a flavin cofactor for catalysis. This class of oxidative flavoenzymes has shown to harbour a large number of biotechnologically interesting enzymes. Applications range from their use as biocatalysts for the synthesis of pharmaceutical compounds to the integration in biosensors. Through the recent developments in genome sequencing, the number of newly discovered oxidases is steadily growing. Recent progress in the field of flavoprotein oxidase discovery and the obtained biochemical knowledge on these enzymes are reviewed. Except for a structure-based classification of known flavoprotein oxidases, also their potential in recent biotechnological applications is discussed.
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