1
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Werner L, Radius U. How to Decarbonize N-Heterocyclic Carbenes (NHCs): The simple Alane Adducts (NHC) ⋅ AlR 3 (R=H, Me, Et). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403639. [PMID: 38446008 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The reaction of the amine-stabilized alane (NMe3) ⋅ AlH3 1 with the backbone-saturated N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) SIDipp (SIDipp=1,3-bis-{2,6-di-iso-propyl-phenyl}-imidazolidin-2-ylidene) at 0 °C yielded the NHC alane adduct (SIDipp) ⋅ AlH3 2. Reaction at elevated temperatures or prolonged reaction at room temperature gave the product of a ring expansion reaction (RER) of the NHC, (NMe3) ⋅ AlH(RER-SIDippH2) 3 ⋅ (NMe3). Subsequent reaction of the latter with sterically less hindered NHCs (IMeMe {=1,3,4,5-tetramethyl-imidazolin-2-ylidene}, IiPrMe {=1,3-di-iso-propyl-4,5-dimethyl-imidazolin-2-ylidene}, and IiPr {=1,3-di-iso-propyl-imidazolin-2-ylidene}) afforded the NHC-stabilized RER-products (NHC) ⋅ AlH(RER-SIDippH2) 3 ⋅ (NHC) (NHC=IMeMe, IiPrMe, IiPr), while no reaction was observed with the sterically more demanding NHCs IDipp (=1,3-bis-{2,6-di-iso-propyl-phenyl}-imidazolin-2-ylidene), SIDipp and ItBu (=1,3-di-tert-butyl-imidazolin-2-ylidene). The compounds 3 ⋅ (NHC) were also obtained starting from (SIDipp) ⋅ AlH3 2 and NHC at room temperature. Heating solutions of (SIDipp) ⋅ AlH3 2 without additional base to 95 °C resulted in decarbonization of the NHC and substitution of the carbene carbon atom with aluminum hydride under loss of ethene. Subsequent dimerization afforded cis-[AlH{μ-N(Dipp)CH2CH2N(Dipp)}]2 4_dimer. Heating solutions of the NHC-ligated aluminum alkyls (SIDipp) ⋅ AlR3 2R (R=Me, Et) to 145 °C instead led to complete scission of the NHC backbone with evolution of ethene and isolation of the dialkylaluminium(III) amidinates {DippNC(R)NDipp}AlR2 5R (R=Me, Et).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Werner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Udo Radius
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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2
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Kundu G, Amrutha PR, Tothadi S, Sen SS. Access to NHC-Boryl Mono- and Bis-Selenide and Utility as Mild Selenium Transfer Reagent Including to the C-F Bond. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302984. [PMID: 37943498 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Reactions of 5-SIDipp ⋅ BH3 (5-SIDipp=1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-imidazolin-2-ylidene) (1) with diphenyldiselenide provide access to 5-SIDipp-boryl mono- (5-SIDipp ⋅ BH2 SePh) (2) and bis-selenide (5-SIDipp ⋅ BH(SePh)2 ) (3). The facile cleavage of the B-Se bond makes 2 a neutral source of selenium nucleophiles in substitutions reactions with benzyl bromides, and provide access to the corresponding selenoethers. The direct transformations of one of the C(sp2 )-F bonds of C5 F5 N and C6 F5 CF3 to C-Se bonds have also been achieved by the use of 2 without employing transition-metal catalysts. While it was previously established that C6 F6 could undergo complete defluoroselenation under harsh conditions, we successfully achieved partial defluorination of C6 F6 by employing 2 as a mild selenide transfer reagent. During the formation of C-Se bonds through the cleavage of C-F bonds, the potential by-product NHC ⋅ BH2 F undergoes ring expansion of the NHC, leading to the formation of the six-membered diaazafluoroborinane (7).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gargi Kundu
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, 411008, Pashan, Pune, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 201002, Ghaziabad, India
| | - P R Amrutha
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, 411008, Pashan, Pune, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 201002, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Srinu Tothadi
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 201002, Ghaziabad, India
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division and Centralized Instrumentation Facility, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Gijubhai Badheka Marg, 364002, Bhavnagar, India
| | - Sakya S Sen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, 411008, Pashan, Pune, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 201002, Ghaziabad, India
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3
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Merschel A, Vishnevskiy YV, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Ghadwal RS. Ring-Opening of 1,3-Imidazole Based Mesoionic Carbenes (iMICs) and Ring-Closing Clicks: Facile Access to iMIC-Compounds. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303652. [PMID: 37937442 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Herein, ring-opening of mesoionic carbenes (iMICs) (iMIC=[ArC{N(Dipp)}2 C(SiMe3 )C:) (Dipp=2,6-iPr2 C6 H3 , Ar=Ph, 4-Me2 NC6 H4 or 4-PhC6 H4 ) based on an 1,3-imidazole scaffold to yield N-ethynylformimidamide (eFIM) derivatives as crystalline solids (eFIM={(Dipp)N=C(Ar)N(Dipp)}C≡CSiMe3 ) is reported. eFIMs are thermally stable under inert gas atmosphere and show moderate air stability (t1/2= 3 h for Ar=Ph). eFIMs are excellent surrogates of iMICs, which generally have a limited shelf-life, and readily undergo ring-closing click reactions with a variety of main-group as well as transition metal Lewis acids to form hitherto challenging iMIC-compounds in good to excellent yields. In addition to the relevance of eFIMs in the synthesis of iMIC-compounds, quantification of the stereoelectronic properties of a representative iMIC (Ar=Ph) by experimental and theoretical methods suggests remarkably σ-donor property and steric profile of these new ligand sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Merschel
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, D-33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Yury V Vishnevskiy
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, D-33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, D-33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, D-33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Rajendra S Ghadwal
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, D-33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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4
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Ju MY, Fan ZH, Ma Y, Jing Y, Chen XM, Chen X. Syntheses, Structures, and Reactivities of N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Coordinated Aminoborane Complexes. Inorg Chem 2023. [PMID: 37224452 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Recent research has attracted considerable attention toward N-heterocyclic carbene-coordinated boranes (NHC-borane) and their B-substituted derivatives because of their unique characteristics. In the present work, we focused on the syntheses, structures, and reactivities of such types of amine complexes, [NHC·BH2NH3]X ((NHC = IPr (1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene) and IMe (1,3-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene); X = Cl, I, OTf). We have developed a synthetic method to access NHC·BH2NH2 through the reaction of NaH with [IPr·BH2NH3]I, which was synthesized by the reaction of IPr·BH2I with NH3. As a Lewis base, NHC·BH2NH2 could further react with HCl or HOTf to produce the corresponding salts of [IPr·BH2NH3]+. IPr·BH2NH2BH2X (X = Cl, I) were synthesized by the reaction of HCl/I2 with IPr·BH2NH2BH3 and then converted to [IPr·BH2NH2BH2·IPr]X (X = Cl, I) by reacting with IPr. The IMe-coordinated boranes reacted quite similarly. The preliminary results revealed that the introduction of the NHC molecule has a considerable impact on the solubility and reactivities of aminoboranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yue Ju
- Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Zi-Heng Fan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Yubin Ma
- Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Yi Jing
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Xi-Meng Chen
- Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xuenian Chen
- Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
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5
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Brückner T, Ritschel B, Jiménez-Halla JOC, Fantuzzi F, Duwe D, Markl C, Dewhurst RD, Dietz M, Braunschweig H. Metal-Free Intermolecular C-H Borylation of N-Heterocycles at B-B Multiple Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202213284. [PMID: 36440659 PMCID: PMC10107673 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Carbene-stabilized diborynes of the form LBBL (L=N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) or cyclic alkyl(amino)carbene (CAAC)) induce rapid, high yielding, intermolecular ortho-C-H borylation at N-heterocycles at room temperature. A simple pyridyldiborene is formed when an NHC-stabilized diboryne is combined with pyridine, while a CAAC-stabilized diboryne leads to activation of two pyridine molecules to give a tricyclic alkylideneborane, which can be forced to undergo a further H-shift resulting in a zwitterionic, doubly benzo-fused 1,3,2,5-diazadiborinine by heating. Use of the extended N-heteroaromatic quinoline leads to a borylmethyleneborane under mild conditions via an unprecedented boron-carbon exchange process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Brückner
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Ritschel
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Kent, Park Wood Rd, Canterbury, CT2 7NH, UK
| | - Dario Duwe
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Markl
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rian D Dewhurst
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Dietz
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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6
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Philipp MSM, Bertermann R, Radius U. Activation of Ge-H and Sn-H Bonds with N-Heterocyclic Carbenes and a Cyclic (Alkyl)(amino)carbene. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202493. [PMID: 36177710 PMCID: PMC10100474 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A study of the reactivity of several N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) and the cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene 1-(2,6-di-iso-propylphenyl)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-pyrrolidin-2-ylidene (cAACMe ) with the group 14 hydrides GeH2 Mes2 and SnH2 Me2 (Me=CH3 , Mes=1,3,5-(CH3 )3 C6 H2 ) is presented. The reaction of GeH2 Mes2 with cAACMe led to the insertion of cAACMe into one Ge-H bond to give cAACMe H-GeHMes2 (1). If 1,3,4,5-tetramethyl-imidazolin-2-ylidene (Me2 ImMe ) was used as the carbene, NHC-mediated dehydrogenative coupling occurred, which led to the NHC-stabilized germylene Me2 ImMe ⋅GeMes2 (2). The reaction of SnH2 Me2 with cAACMe also afforded the insertion product cAACMe H-SnHMe2 (3), and reaction of two equivalents Me2 ImMe with SnH2 Me2 gave the NHC-stabilized stannylene Me2 ImMe ⋅SnMe2 (4). If the sterically more demanding NHCs Me2 ImMe , 1,3-di-isopropyl-4,5-dimethyl-imidazolin-2-ylidene (iPr2 ImMe ) and 1,3-bis-(2,6-di-isopropylphenyl)-imidazolin-2-ylidene (Dipp2 Im) were employed, selective formation of cyclic oligomers (SnMe2 )n (5; n=5-8) in high yield was observed. These cyclic oligomers were also obtained from the controlled decomposition of cAACMe H-SnHMe2 (3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S M Philipp
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Bertermann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Udo Radius
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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7
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Oldroyd NL, Chitnis SS, LaPierre EA, Annibale VT, Walsgrove HTG, Gates DP, Manners I. Ambient Temperature Carbene-Mediated Depolymerization: Stoichiometric and Catalytic Reactions of N-Heterocyclic- and Cyclic(Alkyl)Amino Carbenes with Poly( N-Methylaminoborane) [MeNH–BH 2] n. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:23179-23190. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola L. Oldroyd
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria BC V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Saurabh S. Chitnis
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Etienne A. LaPierre
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria BC V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Vincent T. Annibale
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria BC V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Henry T. G. Walsgrove
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Derek P. Gates
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ian Manners
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria BC V8W 3V6, Canada
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8
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Schorr F, Arrowsmith M, Fantuzzi F, Rempel A, Braunschweig H. 1,2-Dialkynyldiboranes(4): B-B versus CC bond reactivity. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:6197-6203. [PMID: 35388860 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00683a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of three 1,2-dialkynyl-1,2-diaminodiborane(4) derivatives, B2(NMe2)2(CCR)2 (R = H, Me, SiMe3), towards small molecules known to react with both B-B and CC bonds was studied. With arylazides nitrene insertion into the B-B bond with concomitant loss of N2 was kinetically favoured in all cases. While reactions with sterically unhindered hydroboranes proceeded unselectively, sterically encumbered dimesitylborane cleanly added to both alkynyl moieties, resulting in the first examples of 1,2-divinyldiboranes(4). In the presence of catalytic amounts of Pd/C room-temperature hydrogenation at 1 bar led to oxidative B-B bond cleavage and yielded the fully hydrogenated alkyl(amino)hydroborane products. These could be prevented from dimerising and isolated by complexation with an NHC ligand. Finally, stepwise halogenation of the B-B bond and the alkynyl groups afforded first the corresponding alkynyl(amino)haloboranes and then the amino(halo)(1,2-dihalovinyl)boranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Schorr
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany. .,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Merle Arrowsmith
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany. .,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany. .,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Str. 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.,School of Physical Sciences, Ingram Building, University of Kent, Park Wood Rd, Canterbury CT2 7NH, UK
| | - Anna Rempel
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany. .,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany. .,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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9
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Kundu G, Dixit R, Tothadi S, Vanka K, Sen SS. Versatile chemistry of six-membered NHC with boranes: bromination at sp3 borane, activation of B–H bond of HBpin, and ring expansion of NHC. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:14452-14457. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01707e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The NHC•borane chemistry has been majorly restricted to imidazol-2-ylidene classes of carbenes. In our previous communication, we have reported the synthesis of 6-SIDipp•BH3 [6-SIDipp = 1,3-di(2,6-diisopropylphenyl) tetrahydropyrimidine-2-ylidene] and its electrophilic...
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10
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Abstract
The amidinatoamidosilylene [LSiNMe2] [1; L = PhC(NtBu)2] was reacted with B2Br4(SMe2)2 in toluene at room temperature to form the bis(silylene)tetrabromodiborane [L{Me2N}Si]2B2Br4 (2). It was then reacted with excess KC8 in tetrahydrofuran at room temperature to afford the bis(silylene)dibromodiborene [L{Me2N}Si]2B2Br2 (3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Fan
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Ming-Chung Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Der Su
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan.,Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Cheuk-Wai So
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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11
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Roy MMD, Omaña AA, Wilson ASS, Hill MS, Aldridge S, Rivard E. Molecular Main Group Metal Hydrides. Chem Rev 2021; 121:12784-12965. [PMID: 34450005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This review serves to document advances in the synthesis, versatile bonding, and reactivity of molecular main group metal hydrides within Groups 1, 2, and 12-16. Particular attention will be given to the emerging use of said hydrides in the rapidly expanding field of Main Group element-mediated catalysis. While this review is comprehensive in nature, focus will be given to research appearing in the open literature since 2001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M D Roy
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Alvaro A Omaña
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Andrew S S Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Avon BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Michael S Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Avon BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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12
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Vítek D, Dostál L, Růžička A, Mikysek T, Jambor R. N→Ge Coordinated Germylenes as Ligands for Monomeric Cu Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Vítek
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry University of Pardubice 532 10 Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Libor Dostál
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry University of Pardubice 532 10 Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Růžička
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry University of Pardubice 532 10 Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Mikysek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry Faculty of Chemical Technology University of Pardubice 532 10 Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Roman Jambor
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry University of Pardubice 532 10 Pardubice Czech Republic
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13
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Yuvaraj K, Carpentier A, Smith CD, Maron L, Jones C. C-N and C-H Activation of an N-Heterocyclic Carbene by Magnesium(II) Hydride and Magnesium(I) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:6065-6072. [PMID: 33793217 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Reactions of the hindered N-heterocyclic carbene, :C{(MesNCH)2} (IMes; Mes = mesityl), with a series of β-diketiminatomagnesium(II) hydride and dimagnesium(I) complexes were carried out at 80 °C. The reactions involving the magnesium hydrides, [{(ArNacnac)Mg(μ-H)}2] [ArNacnac = [(ArNCMe)2CH]-, where Ar = 2,6-diethylphenyl (Dep) or 2,6-diisopropylphenyl (Dip)], proceeded via activation of an exocyclic C-N bond of IMes, giving magnesium imidazolyl compounds [(ArNacnac)Mg(μ-H)(μ-Imid)Mg(ArNacnac)] (Imid = [NC2H2N(Mes)C]-) and mesitylene. A low-yield IMes methyl C-H activation product, [(DepNacnac)Mg(IMes-H)], was also obtained, via H2 elimination, from the reaction between IMes and [{(DepNacnac)Mg(μ-H)}2]. Reactions between IMes and dimagnesium(I) compounds [{(ArNacnac)Mg}2] [Ar = 2,6-dimethylphenyl (Xyl) or Mes] afforded isostructural C-H activation products [(ArNacnac)Mg(IMes-H)] but in higher yields. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the reactions do not progress via stable adduct complex intermediates, which are sterically inaccessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yuvaraj
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, P.O. Box 23, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Ambre Carpentier
- Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSA, UPS, UMR 5215, LPCNO, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse F-31077, France
| | - Cory D Smith
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, P.O. Box 23, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Laurent Maron
- Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSA, UPS, UMR 5215, LPCNO, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse F-31077, France
| | - Cameron Jones
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, P.O. Box 23, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
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14
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Borthakur B, Ghosh B, Phukan AK. The flourishing chemistry of carbene stabilized compounds of group 13 and 14 elements. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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15
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Rojisha VC, Purushothaman I, De S, Parameswaran P. Nature of C N bond in N-heterocyclic carbene. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.138312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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16
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Nicholls TP, Williams JR, Willans CE. Reactivities of N-heterocyclic carbenes at metal centers. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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17
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Guddorf BJ, Feldt M, Hepp A, Daniliuc CG, Lips F. Reactivity of an NHC-Coordinated Trisilacyclopropylidene with Transition Metal Carbonyl Compounds. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt J. Guddorf
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Corrensstraße 28-30, D-48149 Münster, Deutschland
| | - Milica Feldt
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Corrensstraße 36, D-48149 Münster, Deutschland
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Corrensstraße 28-30, D-48149 Münster, Deutschland
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Corrensstraße 36, D-48149 Münster, Deutschland
| | - Felicitas Lips
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Corrensstraße 28-30, D-48149 Münster, Deutschland
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18
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Sinclair J, Dai G, McDonald R, Ferguson MJ, Brown A, Rivard E. Insight into the Decomposition Mechanism of Donor-Acceptor Complexes of EH 2 (E = Ge and Sn) and Access to Germanium Thin Films from Solution. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:10996-11008. [PMID: 32686404 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Electron-donating N-heterocyclic carbenes (Lewis bases, LB) and electron-accepting Lewis acids (LA) have been used in tandem to yield donor-acceptor complexes of inorganic tetrelenes LB·EH2·LA (E = Si, Ge, and Sn). Herein, we introduce the new germanium (II) dihydride adducts ImMe2·GeH2·BH3 (ImMe2 = (HCNMe)2C:) and ImiPr2Me2·GeH2·BH3 (ImiPr2Me2 = (MeCNiPr)2C:), with the former complex containing nearly 40 wt % germanium. The thermal release of bulk germanium from ImMe2·GeH2·BH3 (and its deuterated isotopologue ImMe2·GeD2·BD3) was examined in solution, and a combined kinetic and computational investigation was undertaken to probe the mechanism by which Ge is liberated. Moreover, the thermolysis of ImMe2·GeH2·BH3 in solution cleanly affords conformal nanodimensional layers of germanium as thin films of variable thicknesses (20-70 nm) on silicon wafers. We also conducted a computational investigation into potential decomposition pathways for the germanium(II)- and tin(II)-dihydride complexes NHC·EH2·BH3 (NHC = [(HCNR)2C:]; R = 2,6-iPr2C6H3 (Dipp), Me, and H; and E = Ge and Sn). Overall, this study introduces a mild and convenient solution-only protocol for the deposition of thin films of Ge, a widely used semiconductor in materials research and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Sinclair
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Guoliang Dai
- School of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, 2215009 Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Robert McDonald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Michael J Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Alex Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
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19
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Prieschl D, Arrowsmith M, Dietz M, Rempel A, Müller M, Braunschweig H. Synthesis of polyheterocyclic 1,1-diboryltriazenes by γ-nitrogen insertion of azides into activated B-B single bonds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:5681-5684. [PMID: 32319468 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02305a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The γ-nitrogen insertion of arylazides into the B-B bond of electron-rich cyclic μ-hydridodiboranes stabilised by one N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand leads to the expansion of the central C3B2 ring, yielding unsymmetrical polyheterocyclic 1,1-diboryltriazenes. The 2-benzyl-bridged analogues undergo further NHC ring expansion and thermally induced loss of N2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Prieschl
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and the Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Merle Arrowsmith
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and the Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Maximilian Dietz
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and the Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Anna Rempel
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and the Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Marcel Müller
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and the Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and the Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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20
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Tremmel J, Tydlitát J, Dostál L, Růžička A, Deraet X, Turek J, Jambor R. Organogermanium(II) Hydrides as a Source of Highly Soluble LiH. Chemistry 2020; 26:6070-6075. [PMID: 32092197 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of monomeric C,N-chelated organogermanium(II) hydride L(H)Ge⋅BH3 with organolithium salts RLi yielded lithium hydrogermanatoborates (Li(THF)2 {BH3 [L(H)GeR]})2 . Compound (Li(THF)2 {BH3 [L(H)GePh]})2 was used as a source of LiH for the reduction of organic C=O or C=N bonds in nonpolar solvents accompanied by the elimination of a neutral complex L(Ph)Ge⋅BH3 . The interaction of (Li(THF)2 {BH3 [L(H)GePh]})2 with the polar C=O bond was further investigated by computational studies revealing a plausible geometry of a pre-reactive intermediate. The experimental and theoretical studies suggest that, although the Li atom of (Li(THF)2 {BH3 [L(H)GePh]})2 coordinates the C=O bond, the GeH fragment is the active species in the reduction reaction. Finally, benzaldehyde was reduced by a mixture of L(H)Ge⋅BH3 with PhLi in nonpolar solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Tremmel
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pardubice, 53210, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Tydlitát
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, University of Pardubice, 53210, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Dostál
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pardubice, 53210, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Růžička
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pardubice, 53210, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Xavier Deraet
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jan Turek
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Roman Jambor
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pardubice, 53210, Pardubice, Czech Republic
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21
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Nguyen MT, Gusev D, Dmitrienko A, Gabidullin BM, Spasyuk D, Pilkington M, Nikonov GI. Ge(0) Compound Stabilized by a Diimino-Carbene Ligand: Synthesis and Ambiphilic Reactivity. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:5852-5861. [PMID: 32119541 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The germylone dimNHCGe (5, dimNHC = diimino N-heterocyclic carbene) was successfully prepared via the reduction of the germanium cation [dimNHCGeCl]+ with KC8. The molecular structure of 5 was unambiguously established by both NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The reactivity of 5 was investigated, revealing that it undergoes oxidative addition of HCl, CH3I, and PhI, accompanied by an unusual migration of the H, Me, and Ph groups from germanium to the carbene ligand. Related chemistry was also observed with C5F5N, which results in the migration of the fluorinated pyridine moiety to the carbene ligand. Compound 5 also undergoes cycloaddition with tetrachloro-o-benzoquinone to afford a Ge(IV) adduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Tho Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Dmitry Gusev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Anton Dmitrienko
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Bulat M Gabidullin
- X-Ray Core Facility, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Denis Spasyuk
- Canadian Light Source Inc., 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Melanie Pilkington
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Georgii I Nikonov
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
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22
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Dutta S, De S, Bose S, Mahal E, Koley D. Cooperative Donor-Acceptor Interactions in Stabilizing Carbene-Borane and Carbene-Alane Compounds: A Theoretical Insight. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201901163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Dutta
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata; 741 246 Mohanpur India
| | - Sriman De
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata; 741 246 Mohanpur India
| | - Sanjoy Bose
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata; 741 246 Mohanpur India
| | - Eti Mahal
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata; 741 246 Mohanpur India
| | - Debasis Koley
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata; 741 246 Mohanpur India
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23
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Al Furaiji KHM, Molino A, Dutton JL, Wilson DJD. Theoretical Investigation of Main-Group Element Hydride Insertion into Phosphorus-Heterocyclic Carbenes (PHCs). Aust J Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/ch19487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Initial reports of ring expansion reactions (RER) of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) with main-group element hydrides have led to several synthetic and theoretical investigations, which include reports of insertion by Be, B, Al, Si, and Zn hydrides. The RERs generally lead to insertion of the heteroatom into the endocyclic C–N bond with formation of an expanded heterocyclic ring. Following the recent isolation of a P-heterocyclic carbene (PHC), here we report results from a computational study (RI-SCS-MP2/def2-TZVP//M06–2X/def2-TZVP) of RERs with a series of PHCs for the ring-insertion of silicon (SiH4, SiH2Ph2) and boron (BH3, BH2NMe2) hydrides. In order to explore the roles of both electronic and steric effects on PHCs and their reactivity, a series of P-substituent PHCR (R=H, Me, Ph, and bulky Ar groups) were investigated. Bulky R groups serve to maximise ring planarity and the σ-donating capability of the PHC. For RER, the PHC analogues exhibit facile initial hydride transfer from the main-group hydrides to the carbene carbon, with barriers that are substantially lower than with NHCs. However, the full ring insertion mechanisms for PHCs are, in general, kinetically unfavourable due to a large barrier associated with the ring-expansion step. While bulky P-substituents maximise heterocycle planarity towards that of NHCs, the RER reactivity with bulky PHCs does not reflect that of an NHC.
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24
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Rao B, Kinjo R. A Cyclic (Alkyl)(boryl)germylene Derived from a Cyclic (Alkyl)(amino)germylene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:18150-18153. [PMID: 31596041 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201910933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A cyclic (alkyl)(amino)germylene undergoes a ring expansion reaction with dibromomesitylborane (MesBBr2 ) to afford a six-membered dibromogermane derivative. In the presence of Lewis bases (PMe3 or Me NHC), reduction of the latter with two equivalents of potassium graphite (KC8 ) gives rise to cyclic (alkyl)(boryl)germylene-Lewis base adducts. Upon heating, the germylene-PMe3 adduct reacts with H2 to yield a germane, probably via a base-free germylene featuring a small HOMO-LUMO gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Rao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Link 21, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Rei Kinjo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Link 21, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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25
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Abstract
The first N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) stabilized silyl-substituted chlorosilylene (1) was isolated via selective dehydrochlorination by NHC from silyl-based Si(IV) precursor tBu3SiSiHCl2. Compound 1 can form an iron chlorosilylene complex (2) with an iron carbonyl dimer and undergoes chloride/hydride metathesis to yield a stable NHC-silylene hydride borane adduct (3). Upon treatment with additional NHC, chlorosilylene 1 was converted into silyl-substituted silyliumylidene ions (4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Dübek
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center and WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry , Technical University of Munich , Lichtenbergstraße 4 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Franziska Hanusch
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center and WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry , Technical University of Munich , Lichtenbergstraße 4 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center and WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry , Technical University of Munich , Lichtenbergstraße 4 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
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26
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Rao B, Kinjo R. A Cyclic (Alkyl)(boryl)germylene Derived from a Cyclic (Alkyl)(amino)germylene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201910933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Rao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Rei Kinjo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
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27
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Thiess T, Mellerup SK, Braunschweig H. B-B Cleavage and Ring-Expansion of a 1,4,2,3-Diazadiborinine with N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. Chemistry 2019; 25:13572-13578. [PMID: 31429506 PMCID: PMC6856839 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A 1,4,2,3-diazadiborinine derivative was found to form Lewis adducts with strong two-electron donors such as N-heterocyclic and cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes. Depending on the donor, some of these Lewis pairs are thermally unstable, converting to sole B,N-embedded products upon gentle heating. The products of these reactions, which have been fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction, were identified as B,N-heterocycles with fused 1,5,2,4-diazadiborepine and 1,4,2-diazaborinine rings. Computational modelling of the reaction mechanism provides insight into the formation of these unique structures, suggesting that a series of B-H, C-N, and B-B bond activation steps are responsible for these "intercalation" reactions between the 1,4,2,3-diazadiborinine and NHCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Thiess
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Soren K. Mellerup
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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28
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Müller C, Andrada DM, Bischoff IA, Zimmer M, Huch V, Steinbrück N, Schäfer A. Synthesis, Structure, and Bonding Analysis of Tin(II) Dihalide and Cyclopentadienyltin(II) Halide (Alkyl)(amino)carbene Complexes. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Müller
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Diego M. Andrada
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Inga-Alexandra Bischoff
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Michael Zimmer
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Volker Huch
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Nils Steinbrück
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - André Schäfer
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Federal Republic of Germany
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29
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Witteman L, van Beek CB, van Veenhuizen ON, Lutz M, Moret ME. Synthesis and Complexation of a Free Germanide Bearing a Tridentate N-Heterocyclic Substituent. Organometallics 2019; 38:231-239. [PMID: 30713362 PMCID: PMC6354728 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The tris-N-heterocycle germanide (tmim)Ge- (1) (tmimH3 = tris(3-methylindol-2-yl)methane) was synthesized by nucleophilic substitution for the tmim3- trianion on GeCl2·dioxane. In combination with the previously reported (tmim)Si- and (tmim)P analogues, it provides a convenient model for investigating the influence of the central atom on the properties of isoelectronic ligands. Complexation of the germanide (tmim)Ge- to CuCl resulted in the dimeric chloro cuprate [(tmim)GeCu(μ-Cl)]2 2-, which is prone to dissociation in MeCN to form the neutral, solvated germylcopper (tmim)GeCu(NCMe)3. The reaction of 1 with Fe2(CO)9 afforded the germyl iron tetracarbonyl [(tmim)GeFe(CO)4]-. Analysis of the ν̃(CO) infrared absorption bands in this complex indicates that the combined electron donating and accepting properties of 1 are found in between those of (tmim)P and (tmim)Si-. In contrast to (tmim)Si-, (tmim)Ge- is reluctant to coordinate to FeCl2, likely because of its softer Lewis base character. Key structural features of the ligands and complexes reflect changes in their electronic properties. In particular, the N-Ge-N angles increase upon coordination to a metal fragment, suggesting increasing hybridization of the Ge s- and p-orbitals. These findings will be useful in further understanding low-valent heavier group 14 complexes in organometallic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léon Witteman
- Department of Chemistry, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cody B van Beek
- Department of Chemistry, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar N van Veenhuizen
- Department of Chemistry, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Lutz
- Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marc-Etienne Moret
- Department of Chemistry, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Swamy VSVSN, Raj KV, Vanka K, Sen SS, Roesky HW. Silylene induced cooperative B–H bond activation and unprecedented aldehyde C–H bond splitting with amidinate ring expansion. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:3536-3539. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc00296k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Silylene mediated B–H and aldehyde C–H bond splitting were realized under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. S. V. S. N. Swamy
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - K. Vipin Raj
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- Ghaziabad-201002
- India
- Physical and Material Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
| | - Kumar Vanka
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- Ghaziabad-201002
- India
- Physical and Material Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
| | - Sakya S. Sen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Herbert W. Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- Georg-August University
- Göttingen
- Germany
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Leverett AR, Cole ML, McKay AI. An exceptionally stable NHC complex of indane (InH3). Dalton Trans 2019; 48:1591-1594. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt04956d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A study of the decomposition of the indium trihydride complex, [InH3(IPr)], has identified a decomposition pathway mediated by proximal alkyl C–H bonds on the ligand. This prompted the synthesis of [InH3(IPr*)], which exhibits vastly superior thermal and air stability relative to the reported InH3 complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcus L. Cole
- School of Chemistry
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
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Dübek G, Franz D, Eisenhut C, Altmann PJ, Inoue S. Reactivity of an NHC-stabilized pyramidal hydrosilylene with electrophilic boron sources. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:5756-5765. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00608g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An NHC-stabilized three-coordinate hydrosilylene dehydrogenates ammonia borane and forms more stable complexes with BH3, BPh3, BBr3 and BPhBr2 but less stable ones with BF3, and BCl3 for which ligand scrambling occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Dübek
- Department of Chemistry
- WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Centre
- Technische Universität München
- 85748 Garching bei München
- Germany
| | - Daniel Franz
- Department of Chemistry
- WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Centre
- Technische Universität München
- 85748 Garching bei München
- Germany
| | - Carsten Eisenhut
- Institut für Chemie
- Technische Universität Berlin
- 10623 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Philipp J. Altmann
- Department of Chemistry
- WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Centre
- Technische Universität München
- 85748 Garching bei München
- Germany
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Department of Chemistry
- WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Centre
- Technische Universität München
- 85748 Garching bei München
- Germany
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Kelly JA, Juckel M, Hadlington TJ, Fernández I, Frenking G, Jones C. Synthesis and Reactivity Studies of Amido-Substituted Germanium(I)/Tin(I) Dimers and Clusters. Chemistry 2018; 25:2773-2785. [PMID: 30370947 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Three amide ligands of varying steric bulk and electronic properties were utilized to prepare a series of amido-germanium(II)/tin(II) halide compounds, (LEX)n , (L= -N{B(DipNCH)2 }(SiMe3 ), TBo L; -N{B(DipNCH)2 }(SiPh3 ), PhBo L; -N(Dip)(tBu), DBu L; Dip=C6 H3 iPr2 -2,6; E=Ge or Sn; X=Cl or Br; n=1 or 2). Reductions of these with a magnesium(I) dimer, {(Mes Nacnac)Mg}2 (Mes Nacnac=[(MesNCMe)2 CH]- , Mes=mesityl), afforded singly bonded amido-digermynes (TBo LGe-GeTBo L and PhBo LGe-GePhBo L), and an amido-distannyne (PhBo LSn-SnPhBo L), in addition to several low-valent, amido stabilized tetrel-tetrel bonded cluster compounds, (DBu LGe)4 , (DBu LSn)6 and Sn5 (TBo L)4 . The nature of the products resulting from these reactions was largely dependent on the steric bulk of the amide ligand employed. Cluster (DBu LGe)4 possessed an unusual folded butterfly structure, the bonding and electronic of which were examined using DFT calculations. Reactions of the amido-germanium(I) compounds with H2 were explored, and gave rise to the amido-digermene, TBo L(H)Ge=Ge(H)TBo L and the cyclotetragermane, {DBu L(H)Ge}4 . Reactions of (DBu LGe)4 with a series of unsaturated small molecule substrates yielded DBu LGeOGeDBu L, DBu LGe(μ-C2 H4 )2 GeDBu L and DBu LGe(μ-1,4-C6 H8 )(μ-1,2-C6 H8 )GeDBu L. The latter results imply that (DBu LGe)4 can act as a masked source of the digermyne DBu LGeGeDBu L in these reactions. All further reactivity studies indicated that the germanium(I) compounds exhibit a "transition-metal-like" behavior, which is closely related to that previously described for bulky digermynes and related compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Kelly
- Monash Centre for Catalysis, School of Chemistry, Monash University, PO Box 23, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Martin Juckel
- Monash Centre for Catalysis, School of Chemistry, Monash University, PO Box 23, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Terrance J Hadlington
- Monash Centre for Catalysis, School of Chemistry, Monash University, PO Box 23, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I and Centro de Innovación en, Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany.,Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), P.K. 1072, 20080, Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Cameron Jones
- Monash Centre for Catalysis, School of Chemistry, Monash University, PO Box 23, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
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Al Furaiji KHM, Iversen KJ, Dutton JL, Wilson DJD. Theoretical Investigation of Hydride Insertion into N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes Containing N, P, C, O and S Heteroatoms. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:3745-3752. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khalidah H. M. Al Furaiji
- Department of Chemistry and Physics La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science La Trobe University Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Department of Chemistry College of Science Al-Mustansiriyah University Baghdad Iraq
| | - Kalon J. Iversen
- Department of Chemistry and Physics La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science La Trobe University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Jason L. Dutton
- Department of Chemistry and Physics La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science La Trobe University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - David J. D. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Physics La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science La Trobe University Melbourne Victoria Australia
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Roy MMD, Fujimori S, Ferguson MJ, McDonald R, Tokitoh N, Rivard E. Neutral, Cationic and Hydride-substituted Siloxygermylenes. Chemistry 2018; 24:14392-14399. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M. D. Roy
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; 11227 Saskatchewan Dr. Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Shiori Fujimori
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; 11227 Saskatchewan Dr. Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji Kyoto, 611-0011 Japan
| | - Michael J. Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; 11227 Saskatchewan Dr. Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Robert McDonald
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; 11227 Saskatchewan Dr. Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Norihiro Tokitoh
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji Kyoto, 611-0011 Japan
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; 11227 Saskatchewan Dr. Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
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Witteman L, Evers T, Lutz M, Moret M. A Free Silanide from Nucleophilic Substitution at Silicon(II). Chemistry 2018; 24:12236-12240. [PMID: 29577491 PMCID: PMC6120461 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A computationally guided synthetic route to a free silanide derived from tris(3-methylindol-2-yl)methane ([(tmim)Si]- ) through nucleophilic substitution on the SiII precursor (Idipp)SiCl2 is reported (Idipp=2,3-dihydro-1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-ylidene). This approach circumvents the need for strained tetrahedral silanes as synthetic intermediates. Computational investigations show that the electron-donating properties of [(tmim)Si]- are close to those of PMe3. Experimentally, the [(tmim)Si]- anion is shown to undergo clean complexation to the base metal salts CuCl and FeCl2 , demonstrating the potential utility as a supporting ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léon Witteman
- Department of ChemistryDebye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Tim Evers
- Department of ChemistryDebye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Martin Lutz
- Crystal and Structural ChemistryBijvoet Center for Biomolecular ResearchFaculty of ScienceUtrecht UniversityPadualaan 8, 3584CHUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Marc‐Etienne Moret
- Department of ChemistryDebye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
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Hock A, Schneider H, Krahfuß MJ, Radius U. Hydride Amide and Hydride Phenolate Complexes of NHC Coordinated Aluminum. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201800251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hock
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Heidi Schneider
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Mirjam J. Krahfuß
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Udo Radius
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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Nesterov V, Reiter D, Bag P, Frisch P, Holzner R, Porzelt A, Inoue S. NHCs in Main Group Chemistry. Chem Rev 2018; 118:9678-9842. [PMID: 29969239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 508] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the first stable N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) in the beginning of the 1990s, these divalent carbon species have become a common and available class of compounds, which have found numerous applications in academic and industrial research. Their important role as two-electron donor ligands, especially in transition metal chemistry and catalysis, is difficult to overestimate. In the past decade, there has been tremendous research attention given to the chemistry of low-coordinate main group element compounds. Significant progress has been achieved in stabilization and isolation of such species as Lewis acid/base adducts with highly tunable NHC ligands. This has allowed investigation of numerous novel types of compounds with unique electronic structures and opened new opportunities in the rational design of novel organic catalysts and materials. This Review gives a general overview of this research, basic synthetic approaches, key features of NHC-main group element adducts, and might be useful for the broad research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly Nesterov
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Dominik Reiter
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Prasenjit Bag
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Philipp Frisch
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Richard Holzner
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Amelie Porzelt
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
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Müller C, Stahlich A, Wirtz L, Gretsch C, Huch V, Schäfer A. Carbene Complexes of Stannocenes. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:8050-8053. [PMID: 29952561 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Müller
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken 66123, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Angelika Stahlich
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken 66123, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Lisa Wirtz
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken 66123, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Claude Gretsch
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken 66123, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Volker Huch
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken 66123, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - André Schäfer
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken 66123, Federal Republic of Germany
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Khoo S, Shan YL, Yang MC, Li Y, Su MD, So CW. B–H Bond Activation by an Amidinate-Stabilized Amidosilylene: Non-Innocent Amidinate Ligand. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:5879-5887. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Khoo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | - Yu-Liang Shan
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | - Ming-Chung Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan
| | - Yongxin Li
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | - Ming-Der Su
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Cheuk-Wai So
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
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Eck M, Würtemberger-Pietsch S, Eichhorn A, Berthel JHJ, Bertermann R, Paul USD, Schneider H, Friedrich A, Kleeberg C, Radius U, Marder TB. B-B bond activation and NHC ring-expansion reactions of diboron(4) compounds, and accurate molecular structures of B 2(NMe 2) 4, B 2eg 2, B 2neop 2 and B 2pin 2. Dalton Trans 2018; 46:3661-3680. [PMID: 28252145 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00334j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this detailed study we report on the structures of the widely employed diboron(4) compounds bis(pinacolato)diboron (B2pin2) and bis(neopentyl glycolato)diboron (B2neop2), as well as bis(ethylene glycolato)diboron (B2eg2) and tetrakis(dimethylamino)diboron (B2(NMe2)4), and their reactivity, along with that of bis(catecholato)diboron (B2cat2) with backbone saturated and backbone unsaturared N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) of different steric demand. Depending on the nature of the diboron(4) compound and the NHC used, Lewis-acid/Lewis-base adducts or NHC ring-expansion products stemming from B-B and C-N bond activation have been observed. The corresponding NHC adducts and NHC ring-expanded products were isolated and characterised via solid-state and solution NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. In general, we observed B-B bond and C-N bond activation at low temperature for B2eg2, at room temperature for B2neop2 and at higher temperature for B2cat2. The reactivity strongly depends on steric effects of the NHCs and the diboron(4) compounds, as well as on the corresponding Lewis-basicity and Lewis-acidity. Our results provide profound insight into the chemistry of these diboron(4) reagents with the nowadays ubiquitous NHCs, the stability of the corresponding NHC adducts and on B-B bond activation using Lewis-bases in general. We demonstrate that B-B bond activation may be triggered even at temperatures as low as -40 °C to -30 °C without any metal species involved. For example, the reactions of B2eg2 with sterically less demanding NHCs such as Me2ImMe and iPr2Im in solution led to the corresponding ring-expanded products at low temperatures. Furthermore, boronium [L2B(OR)2]+ and borenium [LB(OR)2]+ cations have been observed from the reaction of the bis-borate B2eg3 with the NHCs iPr2Im and Me2ImMe, which led to the conclusion that the activation of bis-borates with NHCs (or Lewis-bases in general) might be a facile and simple route to access such species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Eck
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Sabrina Würtemberger-Pietsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Antonius Eichhorn
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Johannes H J Berthel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Rüdiger Bertermann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Ursula S D Paul
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Heidi Schneider
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Christian Kleeberg
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina zu Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Udo Radius
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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Xiong Y, Yao S, Kostenko A, Driess M. An isolable β-diketiminato chlorosilylene. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:2152-2155. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00121a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The first β-diketiminate ligated chlorosilylene has been synthesised and isolated from the corresponding β-diketiminato dichlorohydrosilane through dehydrochlorination with an N-heterocyclic carbene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xiong
- Technische Universität Berlin
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials
- D-10623 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Shenglai Yao
- Technische Universität Berlin
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials
- D-10623 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Arseni Kostenko
- Technische Universität Berlin
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials
- D-10623 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Matthias Driess
- Technische Universität Berlin
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials
- D-10623 Berlin
- Germany
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44
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Clarke JJ, Eisenberger P, Piotrkowski SS, Crudden CM. Azaborines: synthesis and use in the generation of stabilized boron-substituted carbocations. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:1791-1795. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01329a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A formal N-heterocyclic carbene insertion into the B–H bond of 9-BBN followed by a ring expansion reaction is reported. NHC-9-BBN adducts were reacted in one or two steps to give the corresponding di- or triazaborines. Hydride abstraction of selected species with [Ph3C]+ is facile, giving rise to 6π-aromatic cations with Lewis acidity comparable to Lewis acids commonly employed in frustrated Lewis pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. J. Clarke
- Department of Chemistry
- Queen's University
- Kingston
- Canada
| | | | | | - C. M. Crudden
- Department of Chemistry
- Queen's University
- Kingston
- Canada
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM)
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Wang Y, Hickox HP, Xie Y, Wei P, Schaefer HF, Robinson GH. Facile Conversion of Bis-Silylene to Cyclic Silylene Isomers: Unexpected C-N and C-H Bond Cleavage. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:16109-16112. [PMID: 29091731 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b10325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of thiolate 1 with carbene-stabilized diiodo-bis-silylene (2) (in a 2:1 ratio) in THF unexpectedly gives both the first five-membered, sulfur-containing, zwitterionic silylene ring (3) via insertion of the "SiI2" unit of 2 into the olefinic C-H bond of the imidazole ring of 1 and four-membered cyclic silylene (4) via insertion of a silicon(I) atom of 2 into the Cphenyl-N bond of the carbene ligand. The parallel reaction in toluene only gives 3 as the major product. The nature of the bonding in isomeric 3 and 4 was probed by experimental and theoretical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhong Wang
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Computational Chemistry, The University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Hunter P Hickox
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Computational Chemistry, The University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Yaoming Xie
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Computational Chemistry, The University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Pingrong Wei
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Computational Chemistry, The University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Henry F Schaefer
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Computational Chemistry, The University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Gregory H Robinson
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Computational Chemistry, The University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
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McDonald SM, Mellerup SK, Barran C, Wang X, Wang S. Binding Modes and Reactivity of Pyrido[2,1-a]isoindole as a Neutral Carbon Donor with Main-Group and Transition-Metal Elements. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sean M. McDonald
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Soren K. Mellerup
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Christopher Barran
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Suning Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
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47
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Su B, Li Y, Ganguly R, Kinjo R. Ring Expansion, Photoisomerization, and Retrocyclization of 1,4,2-Diazaboroles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:14572-14576. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201708720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bochao Su
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Yongxin Li
- NTU-CBC Crystallography Facility; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore
| | - Rakesh Ganguly
- NTU-CBC Crystallography Facility; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore
| | - Rei Kinjo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
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48
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Su B, Li Y, Ganguly R, Kinjo R. Ring Expansion, Photoisomerization, and Retrocyclization of 1,4,2-Diazaboroles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201708720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bochao Su
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Yongxin Li
- NTU-CBC Crystallography Facility; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore
| | - Rakesh Ganguly
- NTU-CBC Crystallography Facility; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore
| | - Rei Kinjo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
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49
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Arrowsmith M, Böhnke J, Braunschweig H, Celik MA. Reactivity of a Dihydrodiborene with CO: Coordination, Insertion, Cleavage, and Spontaneous Formation of a Cyclic Alkyne. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:14287-14292. [PMID: 28892234 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Under a CO atmosphere, the dihydrodiborene [(cAAC)HB=BH(cAAC)] underwent coordination of CO concomitant with reversible hydrogen migration from boron to the carbene carbon atom, as well as reversible CO insertion into the B=B bond. Heating the CO adduct resulted in two unusual cAAC ring-expansion products, one presenting a B=C bond to a six-membered 1,2-azaborinane-3-ylidene, the other an unprecedented nine-membered cyclic alkyne resulting from reductive cleavage of CO and spontaneous formation of a C≡C bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merle Arrowsmith
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julian Böhnke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mehmet Ali Celik
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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50
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Perera TA, Reinheimer EW, Hudnall TW. Photochemically Switching Diamidocarbene Spin States Leads to Reversible Büchner Ring Expansions. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:14807-14814. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tharushi A. Perera
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, Texas 78666, United States
| | - Eric W. Reinheimer
- Rigaku Americas Corporation, 9009 New Trails Drive, The Woodlands, Texas 77381, United States
| | - Todd W. Hudnall
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, Texas 78666, United States
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