1
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Rubert L, Islam MF, Greytak AB, Prakash R, Smith MD, Gomila RM, Frontera A, Shimizu LS, Soberats B. Two-Dimensional Supramolecular Polymerization of a Bis-Urea Macrocycle into a Brick-Like Hydrogen-Bonded Network. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312223. [PMID: 37750233 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
We report on a dendronized bis-urea macrocycle 1 self-assembling via a cooperative mechanism into two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets formed solely by alternated urea-urea hydrogen bonding interactions. The pure macrocycle self-assembles in bulk into one-dimensional liquid-crystalline columnar phases. In contrast, its self-assembly mode drastically changes in CHCl3 or tetrachloroethane, leading to 2D hydrogen-bonded networks. Theoretical calculations, complemented by previously reported crystalline structures, indicate that the 2D assembly is formed by a brick-like hydrogen bonding pattern between bis-urea macrocycles. This assembly is promoted by the swelling of the trisdodecyloxyphenyl groups upon solvation, which frustrates, due to steric effects, the formation of the thermodynamically more stable columnar macrocycle stacks. This work proposes a new design strategy to access 2D supramolecular polymers by means of a single non-covalent interaction motif, which is of great interest for materials development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Llorenç Rubert
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Cra. Valldemossa, Km. 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Md Faizul Islam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC-29208, USA
| | - Andrew B Greytak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC-29208, USA
| | - Rahul Prakash
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC-29208, USA
| | - Mark D Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC-29208, USA
| | - Rosa Maria Gomila
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Cra. Valldemossa, Km. 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Cra. Valldemossa, Km. 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Linda S Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC-29208, USA
| | - Bartolome Soberats
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Cra. Valldemossa, Km. 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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2
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Sarkar S, Laishram R, Deb D, George SJ. Controlled Noncovalent Synthesis of Secondary Supramolecular Polymers. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:22009-22018. [PMID: 37754784 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic supramolecular polymers, with their functional similarities to classical covalent polymers and their adaptive and self-repairing nature reminiscent of biological assemblies, have emerged as highly promising systems for the design of smart soft materials. Recent advancements in mechanistic investigations and novel synthetic strategies, such as living supramolecular polymerization, have significantly enhanced our ability to control the primary structure of these supramolecular polymers. However, realizing their full functional potential requires expanding their topological diversity in a manner akin to classical polymers as well as achieving precise molecular organization at higher hierarchical levels of self-assembly. In this paper, we present a remarkable advancement in this field, introducing an unprecedented and controlled synthesis of secondary supramolecular polymers. Our innovative strategy combines chirality-controlled surface-catalyzed secondary nucleation and a bioinspired peptide design, effectively stabilizing higher-order assembly. Furthermore, by harnessing this stereoselective nucleation process, we demonstrate the successful synthesis of racemic supramolecular polymers featuring parallelly stacked conglomerate microstructures─a previously unreported topology in synthetic self-assembled systems. Additionally, we elucidate that the extent of secondary supramolecular polymers can be regulated by modulating the enantiomeric excess of the chiral monomers. Consequently, our study unveils new topologies that exhibit enhanced higher-order structural complexity in the realm of supramolecular polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Sarkar
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Raju Laishram
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Darshana Deb
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Subi J George
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
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3
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Ai Y, Ni Z, Shu Z, Zeng Q, Lei X, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Fei Y, Li Y. Supramolecular Strategy to Achieve Distinct Optical Characteristics and Boosted Chiroptical Enhancement Based on the Closed Conformation of Platinum(II) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2023. [PMID: 37365822 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of chiral molecules for understanding and revealing the expression, transfer, and amplification of chirality is beneficial to explore effective chiral medicines and high-performance chiroptical materials. Herein, we report a series of square-planar phosphorescent platinum(II) complexes adopting a dominantly closed conformation that exhibit efficient chiroptical transfer and enhancement due to the nonclassical intramolecular C-H···O or C-H···F hydrogen bonds between bipyridyl chelating and alkynyl auxiliary ligands as well as the intermolecular π-π stacking and metal-metal interactions. The spectroscopic and theoretical calculation results demonstrate that the chirality and optic properties are regulated from the molecular level to hierarchical assemblies. Notably, a 154 times larger gabs value of the circular dichroism signals is obtained. This study provides a feasible design principle to achieve large chiropticity and control the expression and transfer of the chirality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeye Ai
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Ni
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Zhu Shu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Qingguo Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Xin Lei
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Yihang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Yinghao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Yuexuan Fei
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Yongguang Li
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
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4
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Urbanaviciute I, Garcia-Iglesias M, Gorbunov A, Meijer EW, Kemerink M. Ferro- and ferrielectricity and negative piezoelectricity in thioamide-based supramolecular organic discotics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023. [PMID: 37325999 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00982c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Amide-based discotic supramolecular organic materials are of interest for fundamental understanding of cooperative self-assembly and collective dipole switching mechanisms as well as for practically relevant ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties. Here, we show how replacing amides (dipole moment of ∼3.5 D) with thioamides (∼5.1 D) as dipolar moieties in the archetypal C3-symmetric discotic molecule BTA leads to ferroelectric materials with a higher remnant polarization and lower coercive field. The thioamide-based materials also demonstrate a rare negative piezoelectricity and a previously predicted, yet never experimentally observed, polarization reversal via asymmetric intermediate states, that is, ferrielectric switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indre Urbanaviciute
- Complex Materials and Devices, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Miguel Garcia-Iglesias
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- QUIPRE Department, Universidad de Cantabria, Avd. de Los Castros, 46, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Andrey Gorbunov
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - E W Meijer
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Kemerink
- Complex Materials and Devices, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden.
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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5
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Thomas M, Lewe V, Kölsch J, Urschbach M, Erlenbusch J, Stach OS, Besenius P. Impact of sample history and solvent effects on pathway control in the supramolecular polymerisation of Au(i)-metallopeptide amphiphiles. Polym Chem 2023; 14:1888-1892. [PMID: 37124957 PMCID: PMC10127225 DOI: 10.1039/d3py00053b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the kinetics of the supramolecular polymerisation of an Au(i)-metallopeptide amphiphile that assembles into exceptionally long and rigid nanofibers. We developed a precise preparation protocol to measure the concentration dependent assembly kinetics which elucidated a nucleation-elongation dominated supramolecular polymerisation process. We show striking differences in the assembly behavior and morphology in aqueous media, even at organic solvent contents as low as 1 vol%, compared to pure buffer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Duesbergweg 10-14 D-55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Vanessa Lewe
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Duesbergweg 10-14 D-55128 Mainz Germany
- Graduate School of Materials Science in Mainz Staudingerweg 9 D-55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Jonas Kölsch
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Duesbergweg 10-14 D-55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Moritz Urschbach
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Duesbergweg 10-14 D-55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Jessica Erlenbusch
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Duesbergweg 10-14 D-55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Oliver Sven Stach
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Duesbergweg 10-14 D-55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Pol Besenius
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Duesbergweg 10-14 D-55128 Mainz Germany
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6
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Rodríguez R, Naranjo C, Kumar A, Matozzo P, Das TK, Zhu Q, Vanthuyne N, Gómez R, Naaman R, Sánchez L, Crassous J. Mutual Monomer Orientation To Bias the Supramolecular Polymerization of [6]Helicenes and the Resulting Circularly Polarized Light and Spin Filtering Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:7709-7719. [PMID: 35404592 PMCID: PMC9073930 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We
report on the synthesis and self-assembly of 2,15- and 4,13-disubstituted
carbo[6]helicenes 1 and 2 bearing 3,4,5-tridodecyloxybenzamide
groups. The self-assembly of these [6]helicenes is strongly influenced
by the substitution pattern in the helicene core that affects the
mutual orientation of the monomeric units in the aggregated form.
Thus, the 2,15-substituted derivative 1 undergoes an
isodesmic supramolecular polymerization forming globular nanoparticles
that maintain circularly polarized light (CPL) with glum values as high as 2 × 10–2.
Unlike carbo[6]helicene 1, the 4,13-substituted derivative 2 follows a cooperative mechanism generating helical one-dimensional
fibers. As a result of this helical organization, [6]helicene 2 exhibits a unique modification in its ECD spectral pattern
showing sign inversion at low energy, accompanied by a sign change
of the CPL with glum values of 1.2 ×
10–3, thus unveiling an example of CPL inversion
upon supramolecular polymerization. These helical supramolecular structures
with high chiroptical activity, when deposited on conductive surfaces,
revealed highly efficient electron-spin filtering abilities, with
electron spin polarizations up to 80% for 1 and 60% for 2, as measured by magnetic conducting atomic force microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Rodríguez
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Cristina Naranjo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Paola Matozzo
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Tapan Kumar Das
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Qirong Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, iSm2, UMR 7313, Marseille 13397, France
| | - Rafael Gómez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ron Naaman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Luis Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jeanne Crassous
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
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7
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Collavini S, Völker SF, Cabrera-Espinoza A, Martínez MA, De Cózar A, San Felices L, Sánchez L, Delgado JL. Triarylamine Enriched Organostannoxane Drums: Synthesis, Optoelectrochemical Properties, Association Studies, and Gelation Behavior. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:4046-4055. [PMID: 35201756 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The straightforward synthesis of three organotin clusters endowed with six triarylamine-based moieties is reported herein. The optoelectronic properties of the molecules, as well as their ability to form gels, were investigated. The association ability of the compounds was studied as well by means of variable temperature nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy. The optimization of the geometry of the compounds has been performed and compared to the X-ray diffraction of the crystals. The results obtained through this comparison are useful for the explanation of their different gelation behaviors. In fact, organostannoxane drum 1 exhibits a strong ability to form organized supramolecular structures by means of a number of noncovalent short contacts that finally yield luminescent organogels in aromatic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Collavini
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Sebastian F Völker
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Andrea Cabrera-Espinoza
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Manuel A Martínez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Abel De Cózar
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Química, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), P. K. 1072, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Leire San Felices
- Servicios Generales de Investigación, SGIker, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Luis Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Delgado
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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8
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Syamala PPN, Würthner F. Modulation of the Self-Assembly of π-Amphiphiles in Water from Enthalpy- to Entropy-Driven by Enwrapping Substituents. Chemistry 2020; 26:8426-8434. [PMID: 32364616 PMCID: PMC7384034 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Depending on the connectivity of solubilizing oligoethylene glycol (OEG) side chains to the π-cores of amphiphilic naphthalene and perylene bisimide dyes, self-assembly in water occurs either upon heating or cooling. Herein, we show that this effect originates from differences in the enwrapping capability of the π-cores by the OEG chains. Rylene bisimides bearing phenyl substituents with three OEG chains attached directly to the hydrophobic π-cores are strongly sequestered by the OEG chains. These molecules self-assemble at elevated temperatures in an entropy-driven process according to temperature- and concentration-dependent UV/Vis spectroscopy and calorimetric dilution studies. In contrast, for rylene bisimides in which phenyl substituents with three OEG chains are attached via a methylene spacer, leading to much weaker sequestration, self-assembly originates upon cooling in an enthalpy-driven process. Our explanation for this controversial behavior is that the aggregation in the latter case is dictated by the release of "high energy water" from the hydrophobic π-surfaces as well as dispersion interactions between the π-scaffolds which drive the self-assembly in an enthalpically driven process. In contrast, for the former case we suggest that in addition to the conventional explanation of a dehydration of hydrogen-bonded water molecules from OEG units it is in particular the increase in conformational entropy of back-folded OEG side chains upon aggregation that provides the pronounced gain in entropy that drives the aggregation process. Thus, our studies revealed that a subtle change in the attachment of solubilizing substituents can switch the thermodynamic signature for the self-assembly of amphiphilic dyes in water from enthalpy- to entropy-driven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep P N Syamala
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), & Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), & Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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9
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Saito T, Yagai S. Hierarchical self-assembly of an azobenzene dyad with inverted amide connection into toroidal and tubular nanostructures. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:3996-3999. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00833h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Inversion of the amide connectivity of an azobenzene dyad, which self-assembles into chiral toroids and nanotubes, improves the thermal stability of the assemblies, however it negatively affects supramolecular chirality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuho Saito
- Division of Advanced Science and Engineering
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering
- Chiba University
- Chiba 263-8522
- Japan
| | - Shiki Yagai
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Chiba University
- Chiba 263-8522
- Japan
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10
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Syamala PPN, Soberats B, Görl D, Gekle S, Würthner F. Thermodynamic insights into the entropically driven self-assembly of amphiphilic dyes in water. Chem Sci 2019; 10:9358-9366. [PMID: 32110300 PMCID: PMC7017873 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03103k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-assembly of amphiphilic dyes and π-systems are more difficult to understand and to control in water compared to organic solvents due to the hydrophobic effect. Herein, we elucidate in detail the self-assembly of a series of archetype bolaamphiphiles bearing a naphthalene bisimide (NBI) π-core with appended oligoethylene glycol (OEG) dendrons of different size. By utilizing temperature-dependent UV-vis spectroscopy and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), we have dissected the enthalpic and entropic parameters pertaining to the molecules' self-assembly. All investigated compounds show an enthalpically disfavored aggregation process leading to aggregate growth and eventually precipitation at elevated temperature, which is attributed to the dehydration of oligoethylene glycol units and their concomitant conformational changes. Back-folded conformation of the side chains plays a major role, as revealed by molecular dynamics (MD) and two dimensional NMR (2D NMR) studies, in directing the association. The sterical effect imparted by the jacketing of monomers and dimers also changes the aggregation mechanism from isodesmic to weakly anti-cooperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep P N Syamala
- Universität Würzburg , Institut für Organische Chemie , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI) , Universität Würzburg , Theodor-Boveri-Weg , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Bartolome Soberats
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI) , Universität Würzburg , Theodor-Boveri-Weg , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Daniel Görl
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI) , Universität Würzburg , Theodor-Boveri-Weg , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Stephan Gekle
- Universität Bayreuth , Biofluid Simulation and Modeling, Theoretische Physik VI & Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI) , 95440 Bayreuth , Germany .
| | - Frank Würthner
- Universität Würzburg , Institut für Organische Chemie , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI) , Universität Würzburg , Theodor-Boveri-Weg , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
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11
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Rosa Nunes D, Reche-Tamayo M, Ressouche E, Raynal M, Isare B, Foury-Leylekian P, Albouy PA, Brocorens P, Lazzaroni R, Bouteiller L. Organogel Formation Rationalized by Hansen Solubility Parameters: Shift of the Gelation Sphere with the Gelator Structure. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:7970-7977. [PMID: 31117733 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To rationalize how the gelation ability of a low molecular weight gelator is influenced by its molecular structure, we performed extensive solubility tests of a group of thiazole-based gelators and made use of Hansen solubility parameter formalism. We observe that the increase of a linear alkyl chain in these gelators promotes an increase of the radius of the gelation sphere as well as a gradual shift of its center to lower values of the polar (δP) and hydrogen bonding (δH) components. The molecular packing within the fibers and the crystal habit were determined by a combination of X-ray diffraction and molecular modeling. We attribute the gradual and linear shift of the gelation sphere to the fact that all of the studied gelators share the same molecular packing, so that an increasing length of the alkyl chain reduces the proportion of polar groups at the surface, resulting in a gradual increase in the contact between apolar parts of the fiber and the solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Rosa Nunes
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), Equipe Chimie des Polymères , F-75005 Paris , France
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , 91400 Orsay , France
| | - Manuel Reche-Tamayo
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), Equipe Chimie des Polymères , F-75005 Paris , France
- Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Institut de Recherche en Science et Ingénierie des Matériaux , Université de Mons , Place du Parc, 20 , B-7000 Mons , Belgium
| | - Emilie Ressouche
- Department of Applied Physics , Aalto University , P.O. Box 15100, FIN-00076 Aalto , Espoo , Finland
| | - Matthieu Raynal
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), Equipe Chimie des Polymères , F-75005 Paris , France
| | - Benjamin Isare
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), Equipe Chimie des Polymères , F-75005 Paris , France
| | - Pascale Foury-Leylekian
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , 91400 Orsay , France
| | - Pierre-Antoine Albouy
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , 91400 Orsay , France
| | - Patrick Brocorens
- Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Institut de Recherche en Science et Ingénierie des Matériaux , Université de Mons , Place du Parc, 20 , B-7000 Mons , Belgium
| | - Roberto Lazzaroni
- Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Institut de Recherche en Science et Ingénierie des Matériaux , Université de Mons , Place du Parc, 20 , B-7000 Mons , Belgium
| | - Laurent Bouteiller
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), Equipe Chimie des Polymères , F-75005 Paris , France
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12
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Philips DS, Kartha KK, Politi AT, Krüger T, Albuquerque RQ, Fernández G. Interplay between H-Bonding and Preorganization in the Evolution of Self-Assembled Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:4732-4736. [PMID: 30618093 PMCID: PMC7646291 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201813955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cooperative π-π interactions and H-bonding are frequently exploited in supramolecular polymerization; however, close scrutiny of their mutual interplay has been largely unexplored. Herein, we compare the self-assembly behavior of a series of C2 - and C3 -symmetrical oligophenyleneethynylenes differing in their amide topology (N- or C-centered). This subtle structural modification brings about drastic changes in their photophysical and supramolecular properties, highlighting the reciprocal impact of H-bonding vs. preorganization on the evolution and final outcome of supramolecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya S. Philips
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Kalathil K. Kartha
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Antiope T. Politi
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular SciencesLiverpool John Moores University (LJMU)LiverpoolUK
| | - Timo Krüger
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Rodrigo Q. Albuquerque
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular SciencesLiverpool John Moores University (LJMU)LiverpoolUK
- São Carlos Institute of ChemistryUniversity of São PauloBrazil
| | - Gustavo Fernández
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 4048149MünsterGermany
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13
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Philips DS, Kartha KK, Politi AT, Krüger T, Albuquerque RQ, Fernández G. Das Zusammenspiel zwischen Wasserstoffbrücken und Präorganisation in der Entwicklung von selbstassemblierenden Systemen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201813955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Divya S. Philips
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Kalathil K. Kartha
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Antiope T. Politi
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences Liverpool John Moores University (LJMU) Liverpool Großbritannien
| | - Timo Krüger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Rodrigo Q. Albuquerque
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences Liverpool John Moores University (LJMU) Liverpool Großbritannien
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry University of São Paulo Brasilien
| | - Gustavo Fernández
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
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14
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Vill R, Gülcher J, Khalatur P, Wintergerst P, Stoll A, Mourran A, Ziener U. Supramolecular polymerization: challenges and advantages of various methods in assessing the aggregation mechanism. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:663-674. [PMID: 30565631 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr08472f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Oligothiophenes with branched alkyl end groups show distinct aggregation in organic solvents. The process of supramolecular polymerization is assessed by three different methods (UV-vis absorption and fluorescence emission spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering) to exclude artifacts. An apparent dependence of the degree of aggregation on the concentration of the oligomers is observed. Above the upper limit of concentration (a lower micromolar range for the present class of compounds), experimental data delivered conflicting results and the concentration should not therefore be exceeded. Scanning force microscopy and molecular dynamics simulations confirm the formation of one-dimensional aggregates with presumably helical arrangement of the achiral monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Vill
- Institute of Organic Chemistry III-Macromolecular Chemistry and Organic Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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15
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Schoenmakers SMC, Leenders CMA, Lafleur RPM, Lou X, Meijer EW, Pavan GM, Palmans ARA. Impact of the water-compatible periphery on the dynamic and structural properties of benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide based amphiphiles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:11128-11131. [PMID: 30225478 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc04818e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The consequences of using saccharides versus tetra(ethyleneglycol) chains as water-compatible moieties on the morphology and dynamics of supramolecular polymers in aqueous solutions are investigated. The saccharides form many H-bonds with other saccharides within the polymer and with water, increasing the hydration of the fiber and changing its dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M C Schoenmakers
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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16
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Rosa Nunes D, Raynal M, Isare B, Albouy PA, Bouteiller L. Organogel formation rationalized by Hansen solubility parameters: improved methodology. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:4805-4809. [PMID: 29808203 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm00562a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
An organogel is obtained when a low molar mass compound forms a network of anisotropic fibres in a liquid that is therefore transformed into a macroscopic solid. Various approaches have been proposed to correlate organogel formation and Hansen solubility parameters. These approaches are well adapted to specific experimental datasets but lack universality. A general method to determine the gelation domain from the solubility data of low molecular weight gelators is here reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Rosa Nunes
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), Equipe Chimie des Polymères, F-75005 Paris, France.
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17
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Langenstroer A, Dorca Y, Kartha KK, Mayoral MJ, Stepanenko V, Fernández G, Sánchez L. Exploiting NH···Cl Hydrogen Bonding Interactions in Cooperative Metallosupramolecular Polymerization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1800191. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Langenstroer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Yeray Dorca
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Kalathil K. Kartha
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Maria Jose Mayoral
- Nanostructured Molecular Systems and Materials group; Organic Chemistry Department; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Würzburg am Hubland; 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Gustavo Fernández
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Luis Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; 28040 Madrid Spain
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18
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Sandeep A, Praveen VK, Shankar Rao DS, Krishna Prasad S, Ajayaghosh A. Transforming a C 3-Symmetrical Liquid Crystal to a π-Gelator by Alkoxy Chain Variation. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:4392-4399. [PMID: 31458665 PMCID: PMC6641626 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Rational understanding of the structural features involving different noncovalent interactions is necessary to design a liquid crystal (LC) or an organogelator. Herein, we report the effect of the number and positions of alkoxy chains on the self-assembly induced physical properties of a few π-conjugated molecules. For this purpose, we designed and synthesized three C 3-symmetrical molecules based on oligo(p-phenylenevinylene), C 3 OPV1-3. The self-assembly properties of these molecules are studied in the solid and solution states. All of the three molecules follow the isodesmic self-assembly pathway. Upon cooling from isotropic melt, C 3 OPV1 having nine alkoxy chains (-OC12H25) formed a columnar phase with two-dimensional rectangular lattice and retained the LC phase even at room temperature. Interestingly, when one of the -OC12H25 groups from each of the end benzene rings is knocked out, the resultant molecule, C 3 OPV2 lost the LC property, however, transformed as a gelator in toluene and n-decane. Surprisingly, when the -OC12H25 group from the middle position is removed, the resultant molecule C 3 OPV3 failed to form either the LC or the gel phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjamkudy Sandeep
- Photosciences
and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science
and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
| | - Vakayil K. Praveen
- Photosciences
and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science
and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NIIST Campus, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
| | - D. S. Shankar Rao
- Centre
for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences (CeNS), Jalahalli, Bengaluru 560013, India
| | - S. Krishna Prasad
- Centre
for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences (CeNS), Jalahalli, Bengaluru 560013, India
| | - Ayyappanpillai Ajayaghosh
- Photosciences
and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science
and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NIIST Campus, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
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19
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Greciano EE, Matarranz B, Sánchez L. Pathway Complexity Versus Hierarchical Self-Assembly in N
-Annulated Perylenes: Structural Effects in Seeded Supramolecular Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201801575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa E. Greciano
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Ciudad Universitaria s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Beatriz Matarranz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Ciudad Universitaria s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Luis Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Ciudad Universitaria s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
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20
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Greciano EE, Matarranz B, Sánchez L. Pathway Complexity Versus Hierarchical Self-Assembly in N-Annulated Perylenes: Structural Effects in Seeded Supramolecular Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:4697-4701. [PMID: 29474002 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201801575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Studies were carried out on the hierarchical self-assembly versus pathway complexity of N-annulated perylenes 1-3, which differ only in the nature of the linking groups connecting the perylene core and the side alkoxy chains. Despite the structural similarity, compounds 1 and 2 exhibit noticeable differences in their self-assembly. Whereas 1 forms an off-pathway aggregate I that converts over time (or by addition of seeds) into the thermodynamic, on-pathway product, 2 undergoes a hierarchical process in which the kinetically trapped monomer species does not lead to a kinetically controlled supramolecular growth. Finally, compound 3, which lacks the amide groups, is unable to self-assemble under identical experimental conditions and highlights the key relevance of the amide groups and their position to govern the self-assembly pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa E Greciano
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Matarranz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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21
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Buendía J, García F, Yélamos B, Sánchez L. Transfer and amplification of chirality in Phe-based C3-symmetric non-ionic amphiphiles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 52:8830-3. [PMID: 27345432 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc04273b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of amphiphiles and endowed with three l- or d-Phe units is reported. The chiral features provided by the Phe fragment are transferred to the supramolecular level to yield enantiomerically enriched helices. Additionally, we report herein the first example of amplification of chirality demonstrated by MR performed with supramolecular polymers showing very low degree of cooperativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Buendía
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Fátima García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Belén Yélamos
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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22
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Valera JS, Sánchez-Naya R, Ramírez FJ, Zafra JL, Gómez R, Casado J, Sánchez L. Solvent-Directed Helical Stereomutation Discloses Pathway Complexity on N-Heterotriangulene-Based Organogelators. Chemistry 2017; 23:11141-11146. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge S. Valera
- Química Orgánica I; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, UCM; Ciudad Universitaria, s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Roberto Sánchez-Naya
- Química Orgánica I; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, UCM; Ciudad Universitaria, s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Francisco J. Ramírez
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Málaga; Campus de Teatinos s/n 29071 Malaga Spain
| | - José L. Zafra
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Málaga; Campus de Teatinos s/n 29071 Malaga Spain
| | - Rafael Gómez
- Química Orgánica I; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, UCM; Ciudad Universitaria, s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Juan Casado
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Málaga; Campus de Teatinos s/n 29071 Malaga Spain
| | - Luis Sánchez
- Química Orgánica I; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, UCM; Ciudad Universitaria, s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
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23
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Xu YL, Fu JY, Liu CH, Ding T. Synthesis of tetrasubstituted 1H-indazolo[1,2-b]phthalazinedione derivatives bearing three-dimensional turbine-type structures via domino reaction of phthalhydrazide and vinylketones. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra06856e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A domino reaction of phthalhydrazide and vinylketone in the presence of phosphotungstic acid was established, and 3D turbine-type tetrasubstituted 1H-indazolo[1,2-b]phthalazinedione derivatives were conveniently obtained with up to 95% yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Lun Xu
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Flame-Retardant and Functional Materials
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan University
- Kaifeng
- China
| | - Ji-Ya Fu
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Flame-Retardant and Functional Materials
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan University
- Kaifeng
- China
| | - Chun-Hui Liu
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Flame-Retardant and Functional Materials
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan University
- Kaifeng
- China
| | - Tao Ding
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Flame-Retardant and Functional Materials
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan University
- Kaifeng
- China
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24
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Liu Y, Jia Y, Zhu E, Liu L, Qiao Y, Che G, Yin B. Supramolecular helical nanofibers formed by an achiral monopyrrolotetrathiafulvalene derivative: water-triggered gelation and chiral evolution. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj02215h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An achiral MPTTF-based gelator could form left- and right-handed supramolecular assemblies in pure DMF, whereas it turned into an opaque gel with right-handed nanofibers after adding small amounts of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials (Jilin Normal University)
- Ministry of Education
- Changchun
- China
- College of Chemistry
| | - Yu Jia
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials (Jilin Normal University)
- Ministry of Education
- Changchun
- China
- College of Chemistry
| | - Enwei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials (Jilin Normal University)
- Ministry of Education
- Changchun
- China
- College of Chemistry
| | - Lihui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials (Jilin Normal University)
- Ministry of Education
- Changchun
- China
- College of Chemistry
| | - Yu Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials (Jilin Normal University)
- Ministry of Education
- Changchun
- China
- College of Chemistry
| | - Guangbo Che
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials (Jilin Normal University)
- Ministry of Education
- Changchun
- China
- College of Chemistry
| | - Bingzhu Yin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules
- Yanbian University
- Ministry of Education
- Yanji
- China
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25
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Chen W, Qing G, Sun T. A novel aggregation-induced emission enhancement triggered by the assembly of a chiral gelator: from non-emissive nanofibers to emissive micro-loops. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:447-450. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc08808b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel aggregation-induced emission enhancement triggered by chiral self-assembled superstructures has been developed in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Guangyan Qing
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Taolei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan
- China
- School of Chemistry
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26
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Two-Component Self-Assembly: Hierarchical Formation of pH-Switchable Supramolecular Networks by π-π Induced Aggregation of Ion Pairs. Chemistry 2016; 22:15242-15247. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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27
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Greciano EE, Sánchez L. Seeded Supramolecular Polymerization in a Three-Domain Self-Assembly of an N-Annulated Perylenetetracarboxamide. Chemistry 2016; 22:13724-30. [PMID: 27534518 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The three-domain cooperative supramolecular polymerization of 1, together with the lag time in which the monomeric species remains inactive, allows seeded supramolecular polymerization to be performed. The kinetic experiments demonstrate that only seeds based on the intermediate aggregate are able to propagate the supramolecular polymerization of 1 from their active sites. The results presented herein constitute a new example of kinetically controlled supramolecular systems and contribute to expanding knowledge about the structural requirements of a self-assembling molecule to experience seeded supramolecular polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa E Greciano
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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28
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Falconer RJ. Applications of isothermal titration calorimetry - the research and technical developments from 2011 to 2015. J Mol Recognit 2016; 29:504-15. [PMID: 27221459 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Isothermal titration calorimetry is a widely used biophysical technique for studying the formation or dissociation of molecular complexes. Over the last 5 years, much work has been published on the interpretation of isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) data for single binding and multiple binding sites. As over 80% of ITC papers are on macromolecules of biological origin, this interpretation is challenging. Some researchers have attempted to link the thermodynamics constants to events at the molecular level. This review highlights work carried out using binding sites characterized using x-ray crystallography techniques that allow speculation about individual bond formation and the displacement of individual water molecules during ligand binding and link these events to the thermodynamic constants for binding. The review also considers research conducted with synthetic binding partners where specific binding events like anion-π and π-π interactions were studied. The revival of assays that enable both thermodynamic and kinetic information to be collected from ITC data is highlighted. Lastly, published criticism of ITC research from a physical chemistry perspective is appraised and practical advice provided for researchers unfamiliar with thermodynamics and its interpretation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Falconer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, ChELSI Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK.
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29
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Rest C, Kandanelli R, Fernández G. Strategies to create hierarchical self-assembled structures via cooperative non-covalent interactions. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:2543-72. [PMID: 25735967 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00497c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cooperative phenomena are common processes involved in the hierarchical self-assembly of multiple systems in nature, such as the tobacco mosaic virus and a cell's cytoskeleton. Motivated by the high degree of order exhibited by these systems, a great deal of effort has been devoted in the past two decades to design hierarchical supramolecular polymers by combining different classes of cooperative interactions. In this review, we have classified the field of supramolecular polymers depending on the cooperative non-covalent forces driving their formation, with particular emphasis on recent examples from literature. We believe that this overview would help scientists in the field to design novel self-assembled systems with improved complexity and functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Rest
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
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31
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Bhattacharjee S, Bhattacharya S. Charge Transfer Induces Formation of Stimuli-Responsive, Chiral, Cohesive Vesicles-on-a-String that Eventually Turn into a Hydrogel. Chem Asian J 2015; 10:572-80. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201403205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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32
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Rohner SS, Ruiz-Olles J, Smith DK. Speed versus stability – structure–activity effects on the assembly of two-component gels. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra01256b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Modifying the peripheral peptides dramatically changes the time required for gelation under ambient conditions, whilst an enthalpy–entropy balance means that as the temperature increases, the thermal stability of the gels is very similar.
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33
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Ogawa S, Morikawa MA, Juhász G, Kimizuka N. Interlocked dimerization of C3-Symmetrical boron difluoride complex: designing non-cooperative supramolecular materials for luminescent thin films. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra11908a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Radially integrated, luminescent boron difluoride complexes form inter-locked dimers in chloroform. The inter-locked dimers show anti-cooperative features and give homogeneous thin-films on solid surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigesaburo Ogawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyushu University
- Japan
| | - Masa-aki Morikawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyushu University
- Japan
- Center for Molecular Systems (CMS)
| | - Gergely Juhász
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyushu University
- Japan
| | - Nobuo Kimizuka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyushu University
- Japan
- Center for Molecular Systems (CMS)
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34
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Bhattacharjee S, Bhattacharya S. Orotic acid as a useful supramolecular synthon for the fabrication of an OPV based hydrogel: stoichiometry dependent injectable behavior. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:6765-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc01002k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A multi-stimuli responsive, vesicular, two-component, injectable hydrogel has been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Santanu Bhattacharya
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore
- India
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research
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35
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Shen Z, Wang T, Liu M. Macroscopic Chirality of Supramolecular Gels Formed from Achiral Tris(ethyl cinnamate) Benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:13424-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201407223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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36
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Shen Z, Wang T, Liu M. Macroscopic Chirality of Supramolecular Gels Formed from Achiral Tris(ethyl cinnamate) Benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201407223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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37
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Caragheorgheopol A, Edwards W, Hardy JG, Smith DK, Chechik V. Using EPR spectroscopy as a unique probe of molecular-scale reorganization and solvation in self-assembled gel-phase materials. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:9210-9218. [PMID: 25017326 DOI: 10.1021/la501641q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We describe the synthesis of spin-labeled bis-ureas which coassemble with bis-urea gelators and report on self-assembly as detected using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR). Specifically, EPR detects the gel-sol transition and allows us to quantify how much spin-label is immobilized within the gel fibers and how much is present in mobile solvent pools-as controlled by temperature, gelator structure, and thermal history. EPR is also able to report on the initial self-assembly processes below the gelation threshold which are not macroscopically visible and appears to be more sensitive than NMR to intermediate-sized nongelating oligomeric species. By studying dilute solutions of gelator molecules and using either single or double spin-labels, EPR allows quantification of the initial steps of the hierarchical self-assembly process in terms of cooperativity and association constant. Finally, EPR enables us to estimate the degree of gel-fiber solvation by probing the distances between spin-labels. Comparison of experimental data against the predicted distances assuming the nanofibers are only composed of gelator molecules indicates a significant difference, which can be assigned to the presence of a quantifiable number of explicit solvent molecules. In summary, EPR provides unique data and yields powerful insight into how molecular-scale mobility and solvation impact on assembly of supramolecular gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agneta Caragheorgheopol
- Ilie Murgulescu Institute of Physical Chemistry, Romanian Academy , 202 Spl. Independentei, Bucharest 060021, Romania
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38
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Bonnet J, Suissa G, Raynal M, Bouteiller L. Organogel formation rationalized by Hansen solubility parameters: dos and don'ts. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:3154-60. [PMID: 24643414 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm00244j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Some organic compounds gelate liquids by forming a network of anisotropic fibres. Hansen solubility parameters can be used to predict the range of liquids that are likely to be gelled by any given gelator. We critically review the various approaches recently proposed in the literature. In particular, we discuss the shape of the gelation domain, the relevance of the Teas plot representation and the use of group contribution calculations. We also propose an improved scheme for the solubility tests, and a detailed procedure for the determination of the gelation domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Bonnet
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8232, IPCM, Chimie des Polymères, F-75005 Paris, France.
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39
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Jouvelet B, Isare B, Bouteiller L, van der Schoot P. Direct probing of the free-energy penalty for helix reversals and chiral mismatches in chiral supramolecular polymers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:4570-4575. [PMID: 24138136 DOI: 10.1021/la403316a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The amplification of chirality, where a small imbalance in a chiral constituent is propagated into a strong optical purity, can occur in the spontaneous formation of helical 1-D stacks of molecules stabilized by hydrogen bonding, also known as supramolecular polymers. We have extended a statistical model by van Gestel et al. describing the highly nonlinear relationship between supramolecular helicity and enantiomeric excess for mixtures of enantiomers (the majority-rules effect) and quantitatively account for how this affects the thermodynamic stability of the assemblies. Our method allows for a direct comparison with experimental data, providing an unambiguous determination of the key parameters of the model (i.e., the mismatch and the helix reversal penalties). We demonstrate the successful application of this model to calorimetry data for bis-urea-based helical nanotubes, showing that reversals in the handedness of these nanotubes are not all that rare even though the helix reversal penalty is fairly large. By contrast, the mismatch penalty we obtain is small, implying that a large proportion of enantiomers are present in tube fractions not of their preferred handedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Jouvelet
- Chimie des Polymères, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7610 , F-75005 Paris, France
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40
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Babu SS, Praveen VK, Ajayaghosh A. Functional π-gelators and their applications. Chem Rev 2014; 114:1973-2129. [PMID: 24400783 DOI: 10.1021/cr400195e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1220] [Impact Index Per Article: 122.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sukumaran Santhosh Babu
- Photosciences and Photonics Group, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST) , Trivandrum 695019, India
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41
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Buendía J, Sánchez L. Solvent-Dependent Disassembly of Amphiphilic OPE-Based Tricarboxamides. Org Lett 2013; 15:5746-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol402788n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Buendía
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n 28040 Madrid, Spain
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42
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Sánchez-Carnerero EM, Moreno F, Maroto BL, Agarrabeitia AR, Bañuelos J, Arbeloa T, López-Arbeloa I, Ortiz MJ, Moya SDL. Unprecedented induced axial chirality in a molecular BODIPY dye: strongly bisignated electronic circular dichroism in the visible region. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:11641-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc47570k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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