1
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Camilli L, Hogan C, Romito D, Persichetti L, Caporale A, Palummo M, Di Giovannantonio M, Bonifazi D. On-Surface Molecular Recognition Driven by Chalcogen Bonding. JACS AU 2024; 4:2115-2121. [PMID: 38938818 PMCID: PMC11200221 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Chalcogen bonding interactions (ChBIs) have been widely employed to create ordered noncovalent assemblies in solids and liquids. Yet, their ability to engineer molecular self-assembly on surfaces has not been demonstrated. Here, we report the first demonstration of on-surface molecular recognition solely governed by ChBIs. Scanning tunneling microscopy and ab initio calculations reveal that a pyrenyl derivative can undergo noncovalent chiral dimerization on the Au(111) surface through double Ch···N interactions involving Te- or Se-containing chalcogenazolo pyridine motifs. In contrast, reference chalcogenazole counterparts lacking the pyridyl moiety fail to form regular self-assemblies on Au, resulting in disordered assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Camilli
- Department
of Physics, University of Rome “Tor
Vergata”, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Conor Hogan
- Department
of Physics, University of Rome “Tor
Vergata”, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
- CNR-Istituto
di Struttura della Materia (CNR-ISM), 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Deborah Romito
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Luca Persichetti
- Department
of Physics, University of Rome “Tor
Vergata”, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Antonio Caporale
- Department
of Physics, University of Rome “Tor
Vergata”, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Maurizia Palummo
- INFN,
Department of Physics, University of Rome
“Tor Vergata”, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | | | - Davide Bonifazi
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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2
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Monte Carlo Simulations of the Metal-Directed Self-Assembly of Y-Shaped Positional Isomers. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12040492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The rational fabrication of low-dimensional materials with a well-defined topology and functions is an incredibly important aspect of nanotechnology. In particular, the on-surface synthesis (OSS) methods based on the bottom-up approach enable a facile construction of sophisticated molecular architectures unattainable by traditional methods of wet chemistry. Among such supramolecular constructs, especially interesting are the surface-supported metal–organic networks (SMONs), composed of low-coordinated metal atoms and π-aromatic bridging linkers. In this work, the lattice Monte Carlo (MC) simulation technique was used to extract the chemical information encoded in a family of Y-shaped positional isomers co-adsorbed with trivalent metal atoms on a flat metallic surface with (111) geometry. Depending on the intramolecular distribution of active centers (within the simulated molecular bricks, we observed a metal-directed self-assembly of two-dimensional (2D) openwork patterns, aperiodic mosaics, and metal–organic ladders. The obtained theoretical findings could be especially relevant for the scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) experimentalists interested in a surface-assisted construction of complex nanomaterials stabilized by directional coordination bonds.
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3
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Mishra V, Mir SH, Singh JK, Gopakumar TG. Rationally Designed Semiconducting 2D Surface-Confined Metal-Organic Network. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:51122-51132. [PMID: 33118800 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) surface-confined metal-organic networks (SMONs) are metal-doped self-assembled monolayers of molecules on solid surfaces. We report the formation of uniform large-area solution-processed semiconducting SMONs of Pd and Zn with mellitic acid (MA) on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface under ambient conditions. The microscopic structure is determined using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Using tunneling spectroscopy, we observed a reduction in the band gap of ≈900 and ≈300 meV for MA-Pd and MA-Zn SMONs, respectively, compared to the pure MA assembly. Concomitant density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the coordination geometry and microscopic arrangement give rise to the observed reduction in the band gap. The dispersion of the frontier bands and their delocalization due to strong electronic coupling (between MA and metal) suggest that the MA-Pd SMON could potentially be a 2D electronic material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Showkat H Mir
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Jayant K Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
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4
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Berrocal J, Heideman GH, de Waal BFM, Meijer EW, Feringa BL. Combinatorial Selection Among Geometrical Isomers of Discrete Long-Carbon-Chain Naphthalenediimides Induces Local Order at the Liquid/Solid Interface. ACS NANO 2020; 14:13865-13875. [PMID: 32914965 PMCID: PMC7596778 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report two families of naphthalenediimides (NDIs) symmetrically functionalized with discrete carbon chains comprising up to 55 carbon atoms (Cn-NDI-Cn, n = 39, 44, 50, and 55) and their self-assembly at the 1-phenyloctane/highly oriented pyrolytic graphite interface (1-PO/HOPG interface). The compounds differ by the presence or absence of two or three internal double bonds in the carbon chains (unsaturated and saturated Cn-NDI-Cn, respectively). Combinatorial distributions of geometrical isomers displaying either the E- or Z-configuration at each double bond are obtained for the unsaturated compounds. Analysis of the self-assembled monolayers of equally long unsaturated and saturated Cn-NDI-Cn by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) reveal that all Cn-NDI-Cn tend to form lamellar systems featuring alternating areas of aromatic cores and carbon chains. Extended chain lengths are found to significantly increase disorder in the self-assembled monolayers due to misalignments and enhanced strength of interchain interactions. This phenomenon is antagonized by the local order-inducing effect of the internal double bonds: unsaturated Cn-NDI-Cn give qualitatively more ordered self-assembled monolayers compared to their saturated counterparts. The use of combinatorial distributions of unsaturated Cn-NDI-Cn geometrical isomers does not represent a limitation to achieve local order in the self-assembled monolayers. The self-assembly process operates a combinatorial search and selects the geometrical isomer(s) affording the most thermodynamically stable pattern, highlighting the adaptive character of the system. Finally, the antagonistic interplay between the extended carbon chain lengths and the presence of internal double bonds brings to the discovery of the lamellar "phase C" morphology for unsaturated Cn-NDI-Cn with n ≥ 50.
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Affiliation(s)
- José
Augusto Berrocal
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The
Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and
Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University
of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - G. Henrieke Heideman
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The
Netherlands
| | - Bas F. M. de Waal
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and
Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University
of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - E. W. Meijer
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and
Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University
of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The
Netherlands
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5
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Berrocal JA, Heideman GH, de Waal BFM, Enache M, Havenith RWA, Stöhr M, Meijer EW, Feringa BL. Engineering Long-Range Order in Supramolecular Assemblies on Surfaces: The Paramount Role of Internal Double Bonds in Discrete Long-Chain Naphthalenediimides. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:4070-4078. [PMID: 31971383 PMCID: PMC7047225 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c00765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Achieving
long-range order with surface-supported supramolecular
assemblies is one of the pressing challenges in the prospering field
of non-covalent surface functionalization. Having access to defect-free
on-surface molecular assemblies will pave the way for various nanotechnology
applications. Here we report the synthesis of two libraries of naphthalenediimides
(NDIs) symmetrically functionalized with long aliphatic chains (C28 and C33) and their self-assembly at the 1-phenyloctane/highly
oriented pyrolytic graphite (1-PO/HOPG) interface. The two NDI libraries
differ by the presence/absence of an internal double bond in each
aliphatic chain (unsaturated and saturated compounds, respectively).
All molecules assemble into lamellar arrangements, with the NDI cores
lying flat and forming 1D rows on the surface, while the carbon chains
separate the 1D rows from each other. Importantly, the presence of
the unsaturation plays a dominant role in the arrangement of the aliphatic
chains, as it exclusively favors interdigitation. The fully saturated
tails, instead, self-assemble into a combination of either interdigitated
or non-interdigitated diagonal arrangements. This difference in packing
is spectacularly amplified at the whole surface level and results
in almost defect-free self-assembled monolayers for the unsaturated
compounds. In contrast, the monolayers of the saturated counterparts
are globally disordered, even though they locally preserve the lamellar arrangements. The experimental
observations are supported by computational studies and are rationalized
in terms of stronger van der Waals interactions in the case of the
unsaturated compounds. Our investigation reveals the paramount role
played by internal double bonds on the self-assembly of discrete large
molecules at the liquid/solid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Augusto Berrocal
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry , Eindhoven University of Technology , 5600 MB Eindhoven , The Netherlands
| | - G Henrieke Heideman
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Bas F M de Waal
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry , Eindhoven University of Technology , 5600 MB Eindhoven , The Netherlands
| | - Mihaela Enache
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Remco W A Havenith
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands.,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands.,Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry , Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 (S3) , B-9000 Gent , Belgium
| | - Meike Stöhr
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - E W Meijer
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry , Eindhoven University of Technology , 5600 MB Eindhoven , The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands.,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
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6
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Imen H, Xiaonan S, Denis F, Frédéric L, Jean-Christophe L. Multi-functional switches of ditopic ligands with azobenzene central bridges at a molecular scale. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:23042-23048. [PMID: 31774086 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr06350a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ligands are designed to have ditopic bipyridine terminal groups linked through photochromic azobenzene central units, which exhibit multi-switchable properties by different external stimuli. The molecule can switch between cis-and trans-conformations at their bipyridine terminal groups upon protonation and at their central azobenzene units upon irradiation of photons. As a result, the system shows four different isomeric states: cis-TRANS, trans-TRANS, cis-CIS and trans-CIS. The four conformers are switched and are visualized by scanning tunneling microscopy at the solid-liquid interface, which gives a direct demonstration of the multi-functional switches at a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hnid Imen
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS, UMR 7086, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, F-75013 Paris, France.
| | - Sun Xiaonan
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS, UMR 7086, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, F-75013 Paris, France.
| | - Frath Denis
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS, UMR 7086, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, F-75013 Paris, France. and Université Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, F69342, Lyon, France
| | - Lafolet Frédéric
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS, UMR 7086, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, F-75013 Paris, France.
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7
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Carloni LE, Bezzu CG, Bonifazi D. Patterning Porous Networks through Self-Assembly of Programmed Biomacromolecules. Chemistry 2019; 25:16179-16200. [PMID: 31491049 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) porous networks are of great interest for the fabrication of complex organized functional materials for potential applications in nanotechnologies and nanoelectronics. This review aims at providing an overview of bottom-up approaches towards the engineering of 2D porous networks by using biomacromolecules, with a particular focus on nucleic acids and proteins. The first part illustrates how the advancements in DNA nanotechnology allowed for the attainment of complex ordered porous two-dimensional DNA nanostructures, thanks to a biomimetic approach based on DNA molecules self-assembly through specific hydrogen-bond base pairing. The second part focuses the attention on how polypeptides and proteins structural properties could be used to engineer organized networks templating the formation of multifunctional materials. The structural organization of all examples is discussed as revealed by scanning probe microscopy or transmission electron microscopy imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure-Elie Carloni
- Department of Chemistry and Namur Research College (NARC), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, Namur, 5000, Belgium
| | - C Grazia Bezzu
- Cardiff University, School of Chemistry, Park Place, Main Building, CF10 3AT, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Davide Bonifazi
- Cardiff University, School of Chemistry, Park Place, Main Building, CF10 3AT, Cardiff, Wales, UK
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8
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Yang E, Wu C, Pan P, Lee G, Sheu H, Chang C. The structures of MOFs prepared from 1,3,5‐tris [4‐pyridylethynyl]‐benzene and a copper(I) perchlorate complex. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201900022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- En‐Che Yang
- Department of ChemistryFu Jen Catholic University New Taipei City Taiwan
| | - Chen‐Ming Wu
- Department of ChemistryFu Jen Catholic University New Taipei City Taiwan
| | - Pei‐Jia Pan
- Department of ChemistryFu Jen Catholic University New Taipei City Taiwan
| | - Gene‐Hsiang Lee
- Instrumentation Center, College of ScienceNational Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Hwo‐Shuenn Sheu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center Hsinchu Science Park Hsinchu Taiwan
| | - Chung‐Kai Chang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center Hsinchu Science Park Hsinchu Taiwan
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9
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Baker Cortés B, Schmidt N, Enache M, Stöhr M. Coverage-Dependent Structural Transformation of Cyano-Functionalized Porphyrin Networks on Au(111) via Addition of Cobalt Atoms. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2019; 123:19681-19687. [PMID: 31447961 PMCID: PMC6701168 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b05055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly process of a cobalt-porphyrin derivative (Co-TCNPP) containing cyanophenyl substituents at all four meso positions on Au(111) was studied by means of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and low energy electron diffraction (LEED) under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. Deposition of Co-TCNPP onto Au(111) gave rise to the formation of a close-packed H-bonded network, which was independent of coverage as revealed by STM and LEED. However, a coverage-dependent structural transformation took place upon the deposition of Co atoms. At monolayer coverage, a reticulated long-range ordered network exhibiting a distinct fourfold Co coordination was observed. By reduction of the molecular coverage, a second metal-organic coordination network (MOCN) was formed in coexistence with the fourfold Co-coordinated network, that is, a chevron structure stabilized by a simultaneous expression of H-bonding and threefold Co coordination. We attribute the coverage-dependent structural transformation to the in-plane compression pressure exerted by the molecules deposited on the surface. Our study shows that a subtle interplay between the chemical nature of the building blocks (molecules and metallic atoms) and molecular coverage can steer the formation of structurally different porphyrin-based MOCNs.
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10
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Galanti A, Santoro J, Mannancherry R, Duez Q, Diez-Cabanes V, Valášek M, De Winter J, Cornil J, Gerbaux P, Mayor M, Samorì P. A New Class of Rigid Multi(azobenzene) Switches Featuring Electronic Decoupling: Unravelling the Isomerization in Individual Photochromes. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:9273-9283. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b02544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agostino Galanti
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jasmin Santoro
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, Institute of Nanotechnology, P.O. Box
3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Rajesh Mannancherry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johannsring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Quentin Duez
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Valentin Diez-Cabanes
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Michal Valášek
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, Institute of Nanotechnology, P.O. Box
3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Julien De Winter
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Cornil
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Pascal Gerbaux
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, Institute of Nanotechnology, P.O. Box
3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johannsring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LFM), School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Paolo Samorì
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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11
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Jana A, Mishra P, Das N. Polymorphic self-assembly of pyrazine-based tectons at the solution-solid interface. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 10:494-499. [PMID: 30873321 PMCID: PMC6404514 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.10.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Exploring the surface self-assembly of small molecules that act as building blocks (tectons) for complex supramolecular structures is crucial for realizing surface-supported functional molecular devices. Here, we report on the synthesis and surface self-assembly of a new pyrazine-derived molecule with pyridine pendants. Ambient scanning tunneling microscopy investigation at the solution-solid interface reveals polymorphic self-assembly of these molecules on a HOPG substrate. Two different molecular packing structures with equal distribution are observed. Detailed analysis of the STM images emphasizes the crucial role of weak intermolecular hydrogen bonding, and molecule-substrate interactions in the formation of the observed polymorphs. Such weak hydrogen bonding interactions are highly desirable for the formation of modular supramolecular architectures since they can provide sufficiently robust molecular structures and also facilitate error correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achintya Jana
- Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta, Patna-801106, India
| | - Puneet Mishra
- Central University of South Bihar, Gaya-824236, India
| | - Neeladri Das
- Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta, Patna-801106, India
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12
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Galanti A, Diez-Cabanes V, Santoro J, Valášek M, Minoia A, Mayor M, Cornil J, Samorì P. Electronic Decoupling in C3-Symmetrical Light-Responsive Tris(Azobenzene) Scaffolds: Self-Assembly and Multiphotochromism. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:16062-16070. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b06324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agostino Galanti
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Valentin Diez-Cabanes
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Jasmin Santoro
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, Institute for Nanotechnology, P.O. Box
3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michal Valášek
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, Institute for Nanotechnology, P.O. Box
3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andrea Minoia
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, Institute for Nanotechnology, P.O. Box
3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johannsring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Cornil
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Paolo Samorì
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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13
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Nieckarz D, Rżysko W, Szabelski P. On-surface self-assembly of tetratopic molecular building blocks. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:23363-23377. [PMID: 30177976 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03820a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembly of functional molecules on solid substrates has recently attracted special attention as a versatile method for the fabrication of low dimensional nanostructures with tailorable properties. In this contribution, using theoretical modeling, we demonstrate how the architecture of 2D molecular assemblies can be predicted based on the individual properties of elementary building blocks at play. To that end a model star-shaped tetratopic molecule is used and its self-assembly on a (111) surface is simulated using the lattice Monte Carlo method. Several test cases are studied in which the molecule bears terminal arm centers providing interactions with differently encoded directionality. Our theoretical results show that manipulation of the interaction directions can be an effective way to direct the self-assembly towards extended periodic superstructures (2D crystals) as well as to create assemblies characterized by a lower degree of order, including glassy overlayers and quasi one-dimensional molecular connections. The obtained structures are described and classified with respect to their main geometric parameters. A small library of the tetratopic molecules and the corresponding superstructures is provided to categorize the structure-property relationship in the modeled systems. The results of our simulations can be helpful to 2D crystal engineering and surface-confined polymerization techniques as they give hints on how to functionalize tetrapod organic building blocks which would be able to create superstructures with predefined spatial organization and range of order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Nieckarz
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Maria-Curie Skłodowska University, Pl. M.C. Skłodowskiej 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
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14
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Garah ME, Cook TR, Sepehrpour H, Ciesielski A, Stang PJ, Samorì P. Concentration-dependent supramolecular patterns of C 3 and C 2 symmetric molecules at the solid/liquid interface. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 168:211-216. [PMID: 29198983 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.11.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Here we report on a scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) investigation on the self-assembly of C3- and C2-symmetric molecules at the solution/graphite interface. 1,3,5-tris((E)-2-(pyridin-4-yl)vinyl)benzene and 1,1,2,2-tetrakis(4-(pyridin-4-yl)phenyl)ethane are used as model systems. These molecules displayed a concentration dependent self-assembly behaviour on graphite, resulting in highly ordered supramolecular structures, which are stabilized jointly by van der Waals substrate-adsorbate interactions and in-plane intermolecular H-bonding. Denser packing is obtained when applying a relatively high concentration solution to the basal plane of the surface whereas a less dense porous network is observed upon lowering the concentration. We show that the molecular conformation does not influence the stability of the self-assembly and a twisted molecule can pack into dense and porous architectures under the concentration effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El Garah
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, F-67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Timothy R Cook
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, United State
| | - Hajar Sepehrpour
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, United State
| | - Artur Ciesielski
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, F-67000, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Peter J Stang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, United State.
| | - Paolo Samorì
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, F-67000, Strasbourg, France.
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15
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Schwarz M, Garnica M, Fasano F, Demitri N, Bonifazi D, Auwärter W. BN-Patterning of Metallic Substrates through Metal Coordination of Decoupled Borazines. Chemistry 2018; 24:9565-9571. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Schwarz
- Physics Department; Technical University of Munich; 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Manuela Garnica
- Physics Department; Technical University of Munich; 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Francesco Fasano
- School of Chemistry; Cardiff University; Park Place Main Building Cardiff CF10 3AT United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Demitri
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste; S.S. 14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park 34149 Basovizza, Trieste Italy
| | - Davide Bonifazi
- School of Chemistry; Cardiff University; Park Place Main Building Cardiff CF10 3AT United Kingdom
| | - Willi Auwärter
- Physics Department; Technical University of Munich; 85748 Garching Germany
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16
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Szabelski P, Rżysko W, Nieckarz D. Dichotomous On-Surface Self-Assembly of Tripod Molecules with Anchor Like Interaction Pattern. Top Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-018-0976-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Le D, Rahman TS. Pt-dipyridyl tetrazine metal-organic network on the Au(100) surface: insights from first principles calculations. Faraday Discuss 2017; 204:83-95. [PMID: 28795746 DOI: 10.1039/c7fd00097a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metal-organic coordination networks with active metal centers are a promising class of materials for next-generation catalysts. Motivated by experimental observations of the formation of a Pt-Dipyridyl Tetrazine (DT) metal-organic network on the Au(100) surface [D. Skomski et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2014, 136, 9862], we carried out density functional theory based calculations on the same system. In this discussion, we demonstrate that the strong interaction between DT ligands and Pt metal centers makes the network stable and that the Pt centers become positively charged by donating their electrons to the DT ligands, resulting in +2 oxidation states for the Pt centers. We further show that the Au substrate withdraws electrons from and hybridizes with the dz2 orbital of the Pt centers, altering their electronic structure and related properties. Furthermore, we find that the Pt centers can absorb SO2via donor-acceptor interactions, leading to the formation of σ-bonds in which Pt dz2 orbitals act as electron donors, and that the strength of the resultant σ-bond depends on the registry of the Pt centers with the Au(100) surface. Finally, we identify factors, such as the specificity of the ligands and the substrate, and the fullness of the outer shell of the metal centers, that may affect the chemical properties of the metal centers. We suggest modifications (and replacement) of these factors as one of the ways to tune and design metal-organic coordination networks for next-generation catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duy Le
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
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18
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Nuermaimaiti A, Ning Y, Cramer JL, Svane KL, Hammer B, Gothelf KV, Linderoth TR. Influence of CH···N Interaction in the Self-Assembly of an Oligo(isoquinolyne-ethynylyne) Molecule with Distinct Conformational States. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:10782-10791. [PMID: 28968110 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Molecular conformational flexibility can play an important role in supramolecular self-assembly on surfaces, affecting not least chiral molecular assemblies. To explicitly and systematically investigate the role of molecular conformational flexibility in surface self-assembly, we synthesized a three-bit conformational switch where each of three switching units on the molecules can assume one of two distinct binary positions on the surface. The molecules are designed to promote C-H···N type hydrogen bonds between the switching units. While supramolecular self-assembly based on strong hydrogen-bonding interactions has been widely explored, less is known about the role of such weaker directional interactions for surface self-assembly. The synthesized molecules consist of three nitrogen-containing isoquinoline (IQ) bits connected by ethynylene spokes and terminated by tert-butyl (tBu) groups. Using high-resolution scanning tunnelling microscopy, we investigate the self-assembly of the IQ-tBu molecules on a Au(111) surface under ultrahigh-vacuum conditions. The molecules form extended domains of brick-wall structure where the molecular backbones are packed regularly but without selection of specific molecular conformations. However, statistical analysis of the extended network demonstrates alignment/correlation for the orientations of the switching units indicating specific interactions. The primary interaction motifs in the structure are quantified from DFT calculations, showing that the brick-wall structure is indeed stabilized by two types of weak C-H···N bonds, involving either aromatic hydrogens on the IQ groups or nonaromatic hydrogens on the tBu groups. Analysis of the C-H···N interactions in the brick-wall structure explains the observed distribution and alignment of molecular conformations as well as the overall organization of the molecular surface structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajiguli Nuermaimaiti
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University , 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Yanxiao Ning
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University , 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jacob L Cramer
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University , 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University , 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Katrine L Svane
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University , 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University , 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Bjørk Hammer
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University , 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University , 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kurt V Gothelf
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University , 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University , 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Trolle R Linderoth
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University , 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University , 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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19
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Mukherjee A, Teyssandier J, Hennrich G, De Feyter S, Mali KS. Two-dimensional crystal engineering using halogen and hydrogen bonds: towards structural landscapes. Chem Sci 2017; 8:3759-3769. [PMID: 28553534 PMCID: PMC5427994 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc00129k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) crystallization on solid surfaces is governed by a subtle balance of supramolecular and interfacial interactions. However, these subtle interactions often make the prediction of supramolecular structure from the molecular structure impossible. As a consequence, surface-based 2D crystallization has often been studied on a case-by-case basis, which hinders the identification of structure-determining relationships between different self-assembling systems. Here we begin the discussion on such structure-determining relationships by comparing the 2D crystallization of two identical building blocks based on a 1,3,5-tris(pyridine-4-ylethynyl)benzene unit at the solution-solid interface. The concepts of supramolecular synthons and structural landscapes are introduced in the context of 2D crystallization on surfaces to identify common structural elements. The systems are characterized using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). This strategy involves carrying out minor structural modifications on the parent compound to access supramolecular patterns that are otherwise not obtained. We demonstrate that this chemical perturbation strategy translates equally well for 2D co-crystallization experiments with halogen bond donors yielding porous bi-component networks. The holistic approach described here represents a stepping stone towards gaining predictive power over the 2D crystallization of molecules on solid surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Mukherjee
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics , Department of Chemistry , KU Leuven-University of Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , B3001 Leuven , Belgium . ;
| | - Joan Teyssandier
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics , Department of Chemistry , KU Leuven-University of Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , B3001 Leuven , Belgium . ;
| | - Gunther Hennrich
- Universidad Autonoma de Madrid , Cantoblanco , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics , Department of Chemistry , KU Leuven-University of Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , B3001 Leuven , Belgium . ;
| | - Kunal S Mali
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics , Department of Chemistry , KU Leuven-University of Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , B3001 Leuven , Belgium . ;
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20
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Ma H, Bao M, Cai L, Sun Q, Yuan C. Self-assembled nanostructures of a di-carbonitrile molecule on copper single-crystal surfaces. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra28157e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A di-carbonitrile molecule prefers to form nanostructures by hydrogen bonds rather than coordination bonds on Cu(110) and Cu(100) at RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghong Ma
- Tongji-Aarhus Joint Research Center for Nanostructures and Functional Nanomaterials
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 201804
- P. R. China
| | - Meiling Bao
- Tongji-Aarhus Joint Research Center for Nanostructures and Functional Nanomaterials
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 201804
- P. R. China
| | - Liangliang Cai
- Tongji-Aarhus Joint Research Center for Nanostructures and Functional Nanomaterials
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 201804
- P. R. China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Tongji-Aarhus Joint Research Center for Nanostructures and Functional Nanomaterials
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 201804
- P. R. China
| | - Chunxue Yuan
- Tongji-Aarhus Joint Research Center for Nanostructures and Functional Nanomaterials
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 201804
- P. R. China
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21
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Bischoff F, He Y, Seufert K, Stassen D, Bonifazi D, Barth JV, Auwärter W. Tailoring Large Pores of Porphyrin Networks on Ag(111) by Metal-Organic Coordination. Chemistry 2016; 22:15298-15306. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Bischoff
- Physik Department E20; Technische Universität München; 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Yuanqin He
- Physik Department E20; Technische Universität München; 85748 Garching Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study; Technische Universität München; 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Knud Seufert
- Physik Department E20; Technische Universität München; 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Daphné Stassen
- Department of Chemistry and Namur Research College; University of Namur; Belgium
| | - Davide Bonifazi
- Department of Chemistry and Namur Research College; University of Namur; Belgium
- School of Chemistry; Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place; Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
| | - Johannes V. Barth
- Physik Department E20; Technische Universität München; 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Willi Auwärter
- Physik Department E20; Technische Universität München; 85748 Garching Germany
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22
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El Garah M, Dianat A, Cadeddu A, Gutierrez R, Cecchini M, Cook TR, Ciesielski A, Stang PJ, Cuniberti G, Samorì P. Atomically Precise Prediction of 2D Self-Assembly of Weakly Bonded Nanostructures: STM Insight into Concentration-Dependent Architectures. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:343-350. [PMID: 26596683 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201502957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A joint experimental and computational study is reported on the concentration-dependant self-assembly of a flat C3 -symmetric molecule on a graphite surface. As a model system a tripodal molecule, 1,3,5-tris(pyridin-3-ylethynyl)benzene, has been chosen, which can adopt either C3h or Cs symmetry when planar, as a result of pyridyl rotation along the alkynyl spacers. Density functional theory (DFT) simulations of 2D nanopatterns with different surface coverage reveal that the molecule can generate different types of self-assembled motifs. The stability of fourteen 2D patterns and the influence of concentration are analyzed. It is found that ordered, densely packed monolayers and 2D porous networks are obtained at high and low concentrations, respectively. A concentration-dependent scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) investigation of this molecular self-assembly system at a solution/graphite interface reveals four supramolecular motifs, which are in perfect agreement with those predicted by simulations. Therefore, this DFT method represents a key step forward toward the atomically precise prediction of molecular self-assembly on surfaces and at interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El Garah
- ISIS & icFRC, Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Arezoo Dianat
- Faculty of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Institute for Materials Sciences and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Institute for Materials Science, Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science (DCCMS) and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Dresden University of Technology, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrea Cadeddu
- ISIS & icFRC, Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Rafael Gutierrez
- Faculty of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Institute for Materials Sciences and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Institute for Materials Science, Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science (DCCMS) and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Dresden University of Technology, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marco Cecchini
- ISIS & icFRC, Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Timothy R Cook
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Artur Ciesielski
- ISIS & icFRC, Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Peter J Stang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Faculty of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Institute for Materials Sciences and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Institute for Materials Science, Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science (DCCMS) and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Dresden University of Technology, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Paolo Samorì
- ISIS & icFRC, Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
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23
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Stepanenko V, Kandanelli R, Uemura S, Würthner F, Fernández G. Concentration-dependent rhombitrihexagonal tiling patterns at the liquid/solid interface. Chem Sci 2015; 6:5853-5858. [PMID: 28791089 PMCID: PMC5523081 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00811e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We report STM investigations on a linear oligophenyleneethylene (OPE)-based self-assembling Pd(ii) complex 1 that forms highly-ordered concentration dependent patterns on HOPG. At high concentration, 2D lamellar structures are observed whereas the dilution of the system below a critical concentration leads to the formation of visually attractive rhombitrihexagonal Archimedean tiling arrangements featuring three different kinds of polygons: triangles, hexagons and rhombi. The key participation of the Cl ligands attached to the Pd(ii) centre in multiple C-H···Cl interactions was demonstrated by comparing the patterns of 1 with those of an analogous non-metallic system 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry , Universität Würzburg Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany . ;
| | - Ramesh Kandanelli
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry , Universität Würzburg Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany . ;
| | - Shinobu Uemura
- Department of Advanced Materials Science , Kagawa Universtity , 2217-20, Hayashi-cho , Takamatsu , Kagawa 761-0396 , Japan
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry , Universität Würzburg Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany . ;
| | - Gustavo Fernández
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry , Universität Würzburg Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany . ;
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24
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Urgel JI, Ecija D, Auwärter W, Stassen D, Bonifazi D, Barth JV. Orthogonal insertion of lanthanide and transition-metal atoms in metal-organic networks on surfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:6163-7. [PMID: 25832804 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201410802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The orthogonal coordinative properties of tetrapyrrole macrocycles and nitrile ligands have been used in a multistep procedure towards interfacial d-f hetero-bimetallic nanoarchitectures based on a free-base porphyrin derivative functionalized with meso-cyanobiphenylene substituents. Molecular-level scanning tunneling microscopy studies reveal that the porphyrin module alone self-assembles on Ag(111) in a close-packed layer with a square unit cell. Upon co-deposition of Gd atoms, a square-planar motif is formed that reflects the fourfold coordination of CN ligands to the rare-earth centers. The resulting nanoporous network morphology is retained following exposure to a beam of Co atoms, which induces selective porphyrin metalation and ultimately yields a gridlike 2D metallosupramolecular architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- José I Urgel
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, München (Germany)
| | - David Ecija
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, München (Germany). .,IMDEA Nanoscience, 28049 Madrid (Spain).
| | - Willi Auwärter
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, München (Germany).
| | - Daphné Stassen
- Namur Research College (NARC) and Department of Chemistry University of Namur (UNamur), Rue de Bruxelles 61, Namur 5000 (Belgium)
| | - Davide Bonifazi
- Namur Research College (NARC) and Department of Chemistry University of Namur (UNamur), Rue de Bruxelles 61, Namur 5000 (Belgium). .,Department of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Sciences and INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, Trieste 34127 (Italy).
| | - Johannes V Barth
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, München (Germany)
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25
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Urgel JI, Ecija D, Auwärter W, Stassen D, Bonifazi D, Barth JV. Orthogonal Insertion of Lanthanide and Transition-Metal Atoms in Metal-Organic Networks on Surfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201410802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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26
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Pivetta M, Pacchioni GE, Fernandes E, Brune H. Temperature-dependent self-assembly of NC–Ph5–CN molecules on Cu(111). J Chem Phys 2015; 142:101928. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4909518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Pivetta
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giulia E. Pacchioni
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Edgar Fernandes
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harald Brune
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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27
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Slater AG, Hu Y, Yang L, Argent SP, Lewis W, Blunt MO, Champness NR. Thymine functionalised porphyrins, synthesis and heteromolecular surface-based self-assembly. Chem Sci 2015; 6:1562-1569. [PMID: 29560243 PMCID: PMC5811115 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc03531c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and surface-based self-assembly of thymine-functionalised porphyrins is described. Reaction of 1-formylphenyl-3-benzoyl-thymine with suitable pyrollic species leads to the formation of tetra-(phenylthymine)porphyrin (tetra-TP) or mono-thymine-tri-(3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)porphyrin (mono-TP). Single crystal X-ray diffraction studies demonstrate the self-association of mono-TP in the solid state through thymine···thymine hydrogen-bonding interactions but in solution this interaction (Kd = 6.1 ± 3.0 M-1) is relatively weak in comparison to the heteromolecular interaction between mono-TP and 9-propyladenine (K = 91.8 ± 20.5 M-1). STM studies of the tetratopic hydrogen-bonding tecton, tetra-TP, deposited on an HOPG substrate reveal the formation of an almost perfectly square self-assembled lattice through thymine···thymine hydrogen-bonding. Co-deposition of tetra-TP with 9-propyladenine leads to the adoption of preferable thymine···adenine interactions leading to the formation of a heteromolecular tetra-TP···9-propyladenine hydrogen bonded array including both Watson-Crick thymine···adenine interactions and adenine···adenine hydrogen-bonding. The studies demonstrate a pathway for the self-assembly of tetratopic hydrogen-bonding tectons and the use of preferential heteromolecular thymine···adenine interactions for the disruption of the homomolecular tetra-TP array. Studies of the self-assembly of tetra-TP and 9-propyladenine demonstrate a strong dependence on overall concentration and molar ratio of components indicating the importance of kinetic effects in surface self-assembly processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna G Slater
- School of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , University Park , Nottingham , NG7 2RD UK .
| | - Ya Hu
- The Department of Chemistry , University College London (UCL) , London , WC1H 0AJ , UK .
| | - Lixu Yang
- School of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , University Park , Nottingham , NG7 2RD UK .
| | - Stephen P Argent
- School of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , University Park , Nottingham , NG7 2RD UK .
| | - William Lewis
- School of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , University Park , Nottingham , NG7 2RD UK .
| | - Matthew O Blunt
- The Department of Chemistry , University College London (UCL) , London , WC1H 0AJ , UK .
| | - Neil R Champness
- School of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , University Park , Nottingham , NG7 2RD UK .
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28
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Woszczyk A, Szabelski P. Theoretical investigations of the 2D chiral segregation induced by external directional fields. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra15192a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Computer simulations demonstrate the possibility of inducing 2D chiral segregation using continuously adjustable external fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Woszczyk
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry
- Maria-Curie Skłodowska University
- 20-031 Lublin
- Poland
| | - Paweł Szabelski
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry
- Maria-Curie Skłodowska University
- 20-031 Lublin
- Poland
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29
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Nijs T, Malzner FJ, Fatayer S, Wäckerlin A, Nowakowska S, Constable EC, Housecroft CE, Jung TA. Programmed assembly of 4,2′:6′,4′′-terpyridine derivatives into porous, on-surface networks. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:12297-300. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc04186d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
4,2′:6′,4′′-Terpyridine building blocks self-assemble into hydrogen-bonded domains; addition of copper atoms results in an on-surface transformation into a coordination network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Nijs
- Department of Physics
- University of Basel
- 4056 Basel
- Switzerland
| | | | - Shadi Fatayer
- Department of Physics
- University of Basel
- 4056 Basel
- Switzerland
- Instituto de Física “Gleb Wataghin”
| | | | | | | | | | - Thomas A. Jung
- Laboratory for Micro- and Nanotechnology
- Paul Scherrer Institut
- 5232 Villigen
- Switzerland
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30
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Slater AG, Perdigão LMA, Beton PH, Champness NR. Surface-based supramolecular chemistry using hydrogen bonds. Acc Chem Res 2014; 47:3417-27. [PMID: 25330179 DOI: 10.1021/ar5001378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
CONSPECTUS: The arrangement of molecular species into extended structures remains the focus of much current chemical science. The organization of molecules on surfaces using intermolecular interactions has been studied to a lesser degree than solution or solid-state systems, and unanticipated observations still lie in store. Intermolecular hydrogen bonds are an attractive tool that can be used to facilitate the self-assembly of an extended structure through the careful design of target building blocks. Our studies have focused on the use of 3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic acid diimides (PTCDIs), and related functionalized analogues, to prepare extended arrays on surfaces. These molecules are ideal for such studies because they are specifically designed to interact with appropriate diaminopyridine-functionalized molecules, and related species, through complementary hydrogen bonds. Additionally, PTCDI species can be functionalized in the bay region of the molecule, facilitating modification of the self-assembled structures that can be prepared. Through a combination of PTCDI derivatives, sometimes in combination with melamine, porous two-dimensional arrays can be formed that can entrap guest molecules. The factors that govern the self-assembly processes of PTCDI derivatives are discussed, and the ability to construct suitable target arrays and host-specific molecular species, including fullerenes and transition metal clusters, is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna G. Slater
- School of Chemistry, ‡School of Physics
and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Luis M. A. Perdigão
- School of Chemistry, ‡School of Physics
and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Peter H. Beton
- School of Chemistry, ‡School of Physics
and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Neil R. Champness
- School of Chemistry, ‡School of Physics
and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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31
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Xu J, Zeng Q. Two-dimensional (2D) Supramolecular Coordination at Liquid/Solid Interfaces Studied by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy. CHINESE J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201400499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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32
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Viciano-Chumillas M, Li D, Smogunov A, Latil S, Dappe YJ, Barreteau C, Mallah T, Silly F. Tailoring the structure of two-dimensional self-assembled nanoarchitectures based on ni(ii) -salen building blocks. Chemistry 2014; 20:13566-75. [PMID: 25225027 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a series of Ni(II) -salen-based complexes with the general formula of [Ni(H2 L)] (H4 L=R(2) -N,N'-bis[R(1) -5-(4'-benzoic acid)salicylidene]; H4 L1: R(2) =2,3-diamino-2,3-dimethylbutane and R(1) =H; H4 L2: R(2) =1,2-diaminoethane and R(1) =tert-butyl and H4 L3: R(2) =1,2-diaminobenzene and R(1) =tert-butyl) is presented. Their electronic structure and self-assembly was studied. The organic ligands of the salen complexes are functionalized with peripheral carboxylic groups for driving molecular self-assembly through hydrogen bonding. In addition, other substituents, that is, tert-butyl and diamine bridges (2,3-diamino-2,3-dimethylbutane, 1,2-diaminobenzene or 1,2-diaminoethane), were used to tune the two-dimensional (2D) packing of these building blocks. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the spatial distribution of the LUMOs is affected by these substituents, in contrast with the HOMOs, which remain unchanged. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) shows that the three complexes self-assemble into three different 2D nanoarchitectures at the solid-liquid interface on graphite. Two structures are porous and one is close-packed. These structures are stabilized by hydrogen bonds in one dimension, while the 2D interaction is governed by van der Waals forces and is tuned by the nature of the substituents, as confirmed by theoretical calculations. As expected, the total dipolar moment is minimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Viciano-Chumillas
- Institute of Chemistry and Molecular Materials of Orsay, University of Paris Sud 11, 91405 Orsay (France)
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33
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Gole B, Song W, Lackinger M, Mukherjee PS. Explosives Sensing by Using Electron‐Rich Supramolecular Polymers: Role of Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonding in Significant Enhancement of Sensitivity. Chemistry 2014; 20:13662-80. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bappaditya Gole
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore‐560012 (India), Fax: (+91) 80‐2360‐1552
| | - Wentao Song
- TUM School of Education, Technical University Munich, Schellingstrasse 33, 80799 Munich (Germany)
- Deutsches Museum, Museumsinsel 1, 80538 Munich (Germany)
| | - Markus Lackinger
- TUM School of Education, Technical University Munich, Schellingstrasse 33, 80799 Munich (Germany)
- Deutsches Museum, Museumsinsel 1, 80538 Munich (Germany)
| | - Partha Sarathi Mukherjee
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore‐560012 (India), Fax: (+91) 80‐2360‐1552
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34
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Skomski D, Tempas CD, Smith KA, Tait SL. Redox-active on-surface assembly of metal-organic chains with single-site Pt(II). J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:9862-5. [PMID: 24960669 DOI: 10.1021/ja504850f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The formation and stabilization of well-defined transition-metal single sites at surfaces may open new routes to achieve higher selectivity in heterogeneous catalysts. Organic ligand coordination to produce a well-defined oxidation state in weakly reducing metal sites at surfaces, desirable for selective catalysis, has not been achieved. Here, we address this using metallic platinum interacting with a dipyridyl tetrazine ligand on a single crystal gold surface. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements demonstrate the metal-ligand redox activity and are paired with molecular-resolution scanning probe microscopy to elucidate the structure of the metal-organic network. Comparison to the redox-inactive diphenyl tetrazine ligand as a control experiment illustrates that the redox activity and molecular-level ordering at the surface rely on two key elements of the metal complexes: (i) bidentate binding sites providing a suitable square-planar coordination geometry when paired around each Pt, and (ii) redox-active functional groups to enable charge transfer to a well-defined Pt(II) oxidation state. Ligand-mediated control over the oxidation state and structure of single-site metal centers that are in contact with a metal surface may enable advances in higher selectivity for next generation heterogeneous catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Skomski
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University , 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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Hu F, Gong Y, Zhang X, Xue J, Liu B, Lu T, Deng K, Duan W, Zeng Q, Wang C. Temperature-induced transitions of self-assembled phthalocyanine molecular nanoarrays at the solid-liquid interface: from randomness to order. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:4243-4249. [PMID: 24608185 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr06320h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A promising approach to create functional nanoarrays is supramolecular self-assembly at liquid-solid interfaces. In the present investigation, we report on the self-assembly of phthalocyanine arrays using triphenylene-2,6,10-tricarboxylic acid (H₃TTCA) as a molecular nanotemplate. Five different metastable arrays are achieved in the study, including a thermodynamically stable configuration. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) measurements and density function theory (DFT) calculations are utilized to reveal the formation mechanism of the molecular nanoarrays. In general, the transformation process of nanoarrays is regulated by the synergies of a template effect and thermodynamic balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyun Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
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36
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Garah ME, Ciesielski A, Marets N, Bulach V, Hosseini MW, Samorì P. Molecular tectonics based nanopatterning of interfaces with 2D metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:12250-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc03622k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The nanostructuring of the graphite surface with 2DMOF, based on a combination of an acentric porphyrin tecton and a CoCl2metallatecton, was achieved at the solid–liquid interface and characterized by scanning tunnelling microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El Garah
- ISIS & icFRC
- Université de Strasbourg & CNRS
- 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Artur Ciesielski
- ISIS & icFRC
- Université de Strasbourg & CNRS
- 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Nicolas Marets
- Laboratoire de Tectonique Moléculaire
- UMR UdS-CNRS 7140 & icFRC
- Institut Le Bel
- Université de Strasbourg 4 rue Blaise Pascal
- 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Véronique Bulach
- Laboratoire de Tectonique Moléculaire
- UMR UdS-CNRS 7140 & icFRC
- Institut Le Bel
- Université de Strasbourg 4 rue Blaise Pascal
- 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Mir Wais Hosseini
- Laboratoire de Tectonique Moléculaire
- UMR UdS-CNRS 7140 & icFRC
- Institut Le Bel
- Université de Strasbourg 4 rue Blaise Pascal
- 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Paolo Samorì
- ISIS & icFRC
- Université de Strasbourg & CNRS
- 67000 Strasbourg, France
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